Abstract

The main objective of this paper is to give an extensive knowledge on SWOT Analysis. In this
paper SWOT analysis is discussed in the case of project management. SWOT analysis stands
for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. Such analysis can be a part in
a project or in a business venture. A SWOT analysis can be carried out for a product, place or
person. It involves specifying the objective of the business venture or project and identifying the
internal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieving that objective. The
technique is credited to Albert Humphrey, who led a convention at the Stanford Research
Institute now called SRI International, in the 1960s and 1970s using data from Fortune
500 companies. Performing SWOT analysis allows setting achievable goals or objectives for the
organization. SWOT analysis is important for organizations to plan future steps that are to be
taken for development or to compete with other companies. Through SWOT analysis, a company
or organization come across advantages, disadvantages, possibilities, capabilities and problems
that they may face in a project takes visual. In this paper different sectors are considered where
SWOT analysis is done successfully. Some other techniques of analysis such as Benchmarking,
PESTLE, M.O.S.T Analysis etc. are also discussed in brief in comparison to SWOT analysis.

Table of Contents
Page
Abstract.............................................................................................................................................i
Chapter 1: Introduction to S.W.O.T Analysis..................................................................................3
1.1 Definition...............................................................................................................................3
1.2 Background............................................................................................................................3
1.3 Significance............................................................................................................................3
1.4 Objectives..............................................................................................................................4
Chapter 2: Steps to S.W.O.T Analysis.............................................................................................5
2.1 Performing S.W.O.T..............................................................................................................5
2.2 Applications of S.W.O.T........................................................................................................6
Chapter 3: Comparison between S.W.O.T and Other Analysis.......................................................7
3.1 Types......................................................................................................................................7
3.2 PESTLE and S.W.O.T............................................................................................................7
3.3 Benchmarking and S.W.O.T..................................................................................................8
3.4 M.O.S.T and S.W.O.T............................................................................................................8
Chapter 4: S.W.O.T analysis in Construction Sectors......................................................................9
4.1 Why S.W.O.T for Industrial Sectors......................................................................................9
4.2 Performing S.W.O.T Analysis for an Construction Industry.................................................9
Chapter 5: S.W.O.T in Industrial Sectors.......................................................................................13
Chapter 6: S.W.O.T in Communications Sectors...........................................................................17
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................18
References......................................................................................................................................19
ii

Chapter 1: Introduction to S.W.O.T Analysis

1.1 Definition
The SWOT analysis is an extremely useful tool for understanding and decision-making for all
sorts of situations in business and organizations. SWOT is an acronym for Strengths,
Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. Information about the origins and inventors of SWOT
analysis is below. The SWOT analysis headings provide a good framework for reviewing
[2]
strategy, position and direction of a company or business proposition, or any other idea . The
details of SWOT can be broken down as follows:
Strengths: Characteristics of the business or project that give the company or organization an
advantage over others
Weaknesses: Characteristics that place the team at a disadvantage relative to other team.
Opportunities: Elements that the organization can exploit for a project to its advantage.
Threats: Elements in the environment that could cause trouble for the business or project.
SWOT analysis is often interpreted and used as a SWOT Analysis 2x2 Matrix, especially in
business and marketing planning. SWOT analysis is widely used for business planning, strategic
planning, competitor evaluation, marketing, business and product development and research
reports. To support SWOT analysis some other analysis such as PEST analysis, which measures
a business's market and potential according to external factors; Political, Economic, Social and
Technological, Porter's Five Forces model, which is used to analyze competitive position. It is
often helpful to complete a PEST analysis prior to a SWOT analysis to have a better idea on the
project and achieve goals.
1.2 Background
SWOT analysis became one of the most popular tools for strategic planning. It has its origins in
the 1960s (Learned et al., 1965), and was popularized by Weihrichs (1982) work. The technique
is credited to Albert Humphrey, who led a convention at the Stanford Research Institute now
[1]
called SRI International, in the 1960s and 1970s using data from Fortune 500 companies. It is
commonly adopted for the analysis of internal and external situations, in turn encouraging the
development of strategies which can cope with these situations. The usage of SWOT analysis has
been reported in many fields including that of the construction sector. For example, Shen et al.
(2006) use the tool to analyze the situations for foreign-invested construction enterprises in
China. Lu et al. (2009) use it in relation to Chinese construction companies in the international
[3]
construction market.
1.3 Significance
The SWOT analysis matrix separates and compares between internal and external influencers.
Internals influences are Strengths and Weaknesses where external influences are Opportunities
3

and Threats. Strength can be a competitive advantage to a company through superior product
quality, lowest price, best expertise, location.
However, weakness can be a disadvantage for a company for example, tired brand, inferior
location, high overheads or lack of R&D. Considering opportunities a company can have, e.g. A
regulatory or tax change, high-profile event (marketing opportunity), untapped market, gap left
by a failed competitor etc. The last thing a company does not want is threat which for example
can be briefed as unfavourable regulation changes, new entrant into the market, Problems with
[4]
the economy, Market shrinkage etc.
1.4 Objectives
In this paper we are going to discuss the different sectors of business and communication
industries where S.W.O.T analysis is used. Through S.W.O.T analysis, which is one of the main
ways of differentiating between companies or products, an industry can emerge to the top of its
business. We are going to discuss the ways S.W.O.T analysis is done for industries such as,
cement or construction; communication sector for example Vodafone an Facebook; or may be
S.W.O.T between banks etc. Apart from differentiating between companies, this paper will also
focus on the other different types of analysis that are done and their effectiveness.
Contemporarily, there are few methods for analyzing, such as Portfolio method, Growth-Share
Matrix, PESTLE, Benchmarking etc.
For managing a project, many organizations use number of other methods alongside of S.W.O.T
to get a better view of the strategic planning. These other methods are sometimes used to support
the evaluation result of S.W.O.T. In every project it is very important to perform a S.W.O.T
analysis at the initial stage. Performing this analysis gives the Project Manager and team member
a clear idea of the objective that is likely to be fully identifying all required activities and
potential risks so that a proper plan can be put in place. However, if it is being conducted during
an ongoing project, the objective may be to re-assess the budget or schedule.

Chapter 2: Steps to S.W.O.T Analysis

2.1 Performing S.W.O.T
S.W.O.T analysis is used to highlight areas of the project that could be maximized to the benefit
of the whole project or individual areas where some competitive advantage may be gained. It is
used to evaluate particular activities of the project in order to optimize their potential as well as
to evaluate risks in order to determine the most appropriate way of mitigating those risks.
S.W.O.T analysis is usually done in 2x2 matrix where Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and
Threat are established in 2x2 chart. Here may be specific questions are prepared . Not a standard
set of pre-defined questions are prepared that will meet every situation but questions are made so
that every session must have a set of questions written down before the session to ensure the
attendees remained focused. An example of how the questions in S.W.O.T analysis are done in
2x2 matrix is shown below :
Strengths

Weaknesses

Advantages of proposition?

Disadvantages of proposition?

Capabilities?

Gaps in capabilities?

Competitive advantages?

Lack of competitive strength?

USP's (unique selling points)?

Reputation, presence and reach?

Resources, Assets, People?

Financials?

Experience, Qualifications & knowledge?

Own known vulnerabilities?

Financial reserves, likely returns?

Innovative aspects, IT, communications?
Accreditations, Certifications?

Opportunities

Cashflow, start-up cash-drain?

Reliability of data, plan predictability?
Morale, commitment, leadership?
Threats

Market developments?

Political and economical effects?

Competitors' vulnerabilities?

Legislative effects?

Technology development and innovation?

Environmental effects?

Global influences?

Competitor intentions - various?

Market need for new USP's?

New technologies, services, ideas?

Major contracts, tenders?

Vital contracts and partners?

Information and research?

Partnerships, agencies, distribution?
Market volume demand trends?
Seasonal, weather, fashion influences?

Obstacles faced?
Insurmountable weaknesses?
Employment market?
Financial and credit pressures?
5

The above questions are few of the many questions that are frequently asked by during analyzing
between two or more companies. There are questions that can reveal important details of a
company such as, Superior product performance vs. competitors or how vulnerable to reactive
attack by major competitors etc.
2.2 Applications of S.W.O.T
S.W.O.T analysis is so powerful that it has many applications. Some of the applications can be
[5]
listed down as shown :

a company (its position in the market, commercial viability, etc)

a product or brand

a strategic option, such as entering a new market or launching a new product

a potential partnership

project planning and project management

an investment opportunity

personal financial planning

personal career development - direction, choice, change, etc.

education and qualifications planning and decision-making

relationships, perhaps even family planning.

Whatever the application, description of the subject or purpose or question for the SWOT
analysis should be clear so that one remain focused on the central issue. This is especially crucial
when others are involved in the process. People contributing to the analysis and seeing the
finished SWOT analysis must be able to understand properly the purpose of the SWOT
assessment and the implications arising.

Chapter 3: Comparison between S.W.O.T and Other Analysis

3.1 Types
There are number of different analysis that are done in industries, business companies or firms.
Naming few main analysis are:
1. PESTLE Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental
2. Benchmarking
3. Growth- Share Matrix
4. Portfolio Method
Most of the cases it is seen that the above analysis are done to support the result of S.W.O.T . in
this chapter we are going to discuss the difference between the other analysis and S.W.O.T as
much as possible.
3.2 PESTLE and S.W.O.T
PESTLE analysis is used as a tool by companies the world over to track the environment theyre
[6]
operating in or are planning to launch a new project/product/service etc. Similar to SWOT
analysis, there are certain questions used for conducting this analysis, which give them an idea of
what things to keep in mind. Questions include mostly about:

Political: The political situation of the country and its effect in the industry

Economy: The prevalent economic factors

Social: How much importance does culture has in the market and its determinants

Technology: Technological innovations and their effect in the market structure

Legal: Legislations that regulate the industry or any change in the legislations for the
industry

Environment: The environmental concerns for the industry

It may be so, that the importance of each of the factors may be different to different kinds of
industries, but it is imperative to any strategy a company wants to develop that they conduct the
[6]
PESTLE analysis as it forms a much more comprehensive version of the SWOT analysis.

3.3 Benchmarking and S.W.O.T

Benchmarking is used to measure performance using a specific indicator such as, cost per unit of
measure, productivity per unit of measure, cycle time of x per unit of measure or defects per unit
of measure resulting in a metric of performance. Whereas in S.W.O.T; Strength, Weakness,
Opportunities and Threats of a company are taken into account. Benchmarking may be a one-off
event, but is often treated as a continuous process in which organizations continually seek to
improve their practices but S.W.O.T is done before the start of a project with a final result.
[7]
Benchmarking method focuses on the following points before implementing a plan .

Identify problem areas

Identify other industries that have similar processes
Identify organizations that are leaders in these areas
Survey companies for measures and practices
Visit the "best practice" companies to identify leading edge practices
Implement new and improved business practices

Similar to SWOT analysis, Benchmarking can be internal or external. However, within these
broader categories, there are three specific types of benchmarking: 1) Process benchmarking, 2)
[7]
Performance benchmarking and 3) strategic benchmarking.
3.4 M.O.S.T and S.W.O.T
M.O.S.T is a superior strategic planning tool helps to clarify Mission - where the business
intends to go, Objectives - the key goals which will help to achieve that mission, Strategy analyses what options there are for proceeding forward and Tactics - how these strategies are
[8]
going to be put into action. Comparing with S.W.O.T, we find that M.O.S.T is a sort of
visionary planning, where and how a company can reach their aim completing their goals.
However in S.W.O.T, how a product or project can fulfill ones need comparing other product or
projects can be analyzed.

Chapter 4: S.W.O.T analysis in Construction Sectors

4.1 Why S.W.O.T for Industrial Sectors
A countrys development depends on its construction sectors. Construction industries can be
international or local but both are beneficial for the country. Such industries are capable of
bringing huge foreign remittances if they can cope up their productions, quality and
maintenances with other foreign industries. There are great deals of challenges for industry
owners who want to maintain a international standard for their product. Challenges may include
quality, production rate, profit, growth-share rate, stability in the market etc. A owner also has to
be aware of the existence of other industries which also produce the same items and how to
compete with those industries. As a result to compete with the other industries, a owner wants to
perform S.W.O.T analysis with respect to other rival industries. In industrial sectors, S.W.O.T
analysis reveals the ups and downs of the company, where to invest, which product needs more
modification and improvements etc. Performing S.W.O.T analysis, a owner of the industry can
easily understand the market situation, product demand etc. and can come up with a solution.
In this chapter we are going to discuss about the facts that are dealt during analysis. We are
going to discuss the subject into four separate parts, Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and
Threats.
4.2 Performing S.W.O.T Analysis for an Construction Industry
Here we are going to discuss about Civil Engineering industry in UK. Agile Construction
Initiative is a project which was established at University of Bath with an objective to collect
data to compares civil engineering processes and provide information to develop the civil
[9]
engineering industries with world class performance. It was established mainly because of the
market conditions of the world. It is seen that the civil engineering industries in UK are unable to
compete with the industries in US, Europe and Japan. The analysis on which Agile Construction
[9]
Initiative project was developed are given below:

The dominance of world market for civil engineering

Domestic contractors vs. Foreign contractors in domestic markets

Fragmentation of domestic markets with many contractors competing for market share.

The international market for civil engineering is mainly in the newly industrializing countries
of South East Asia (including China), South America, the Middle East and Eastern Europe.

Importance of privately financed projects in both the main domestic markets and the
international markets

Capacity in the UK civil engineering market vs. Low profit margins

Clients demand in procure projects due to the effects of infrastructure privatization and the
introduction of the Private Finance Initiative.

Strengths and Weaknesses of the UK civil engineering industry

The traditional procurement method for civil engineering contracts in the UK has been
design-bid-build.

The UK construction industry is beginning to speak with one voice across a range of issues.
The subsequent establishment of the Construction Industry Board.

The largest UK civil engineering contractors by turnover are Tarmac and Balfour Beatty at
13th and 14th in Europe, France has the four largest, Germany three in the top ten and Italy
two in the top ten.

With more and more work being financed privately the leading UK civil engineering
companies may not have the financial strength to compete against their bigger European
rivals.

The level of education in the UK construction industry is lower than that in its European
rivals.

The level of research and development expenditure by the UK construction industry is lower
than some of its international rivals, in particular Japan and the US and very much lower than
other industries.

Weakness of UK civil engineering is that contractors have a reputation for bidding prices that
are below cost in order to gain work and then attempting to cut costs by compromising on
quality and increase revenue through the claims process. Clients are increasingly adopting
procurement methods that do not allow additional revenue to be generated in this way.

Some civil engineering contractors have succeeded in responding to clients

expectations and their profitability has improved.

UK civil engineering contractors have less in-house design capabilities than their overseas
rivals. This may be a disadvantage in winning turnkey projects overseas and privately
financed projects at home.

UK civil engineering contractors have been slow to start operations in Europe. With the
single European market and harmonization of specifications across Europe, this may leave
them vulnerable to entry from European contractors who are already working throughout
mainland Europe.

UK civil engineering industry has been slower than other industries to exploit information
technology in its main value adding processes.

The level of integration of the design team is low compared to other countries and industries.

Some successes have occurred in value engineering of projects but value management
throughout the life of a project is not as well developed as in other countries.

The leadership style on sites differs greatly from that seen in other countries.

new

Opportunities that exist for the UK civil engineering industry

The US market is highly fragmented and may present opportunities to UK civil engineering
companies.

Newly industrializing countries have a need for infrastructure to sustain economic growth but
less well developed home industries and a shortage of money to finance development.
Companies that can arrange finance will find opportunities in these markets.

Privately financed infrastructure projects represent the greatest opportunities in the UK in the
foreseeable future.

Environmental policies, such as the landfill tax may lead to pressure to reuse materials or
look for alternative materials.

Client expectations have changed and civil engineering companies that become more
customer oriented will get more business from these clients.

Higher client expectations and increased use of design and build and design, build, finance
and operate contracts give the leading contractors the chance to increase the barriers to entry
to the industry.

Companies that make a concerted effort to develop core competencies that are value by
clients will be able to differentiate themselves from their competitors.

The UK government and the EU are both working to create research agendas to meet the
specific needs of the construction industry for research and development.

A crucial element of lean thinking is the integration of design and production, which leads to
faster projects, using fewer resources and providing a better result.

Threats to the UK Civil Engineering Industry

Existing competition is intense and there is overcapacity in the market

Fragmentation of markets compared with other large scale engineering activities such as
aerospace or shipbuilding. Competition between players is therefore keen and margins low.

The overcapacity in the civil engineering market has been sustained by shareholders and
banks who have been unwilling to wind up operations that have consistently underperformed
over a period of years.

UK civil engineering clients have traditionally bought on the basis of lowest price. With
overcapacity and a large number of companies in the market, this has led to pressure on
prices and margins.

Separation of design and construction by clients has limited the opportunities for
contractors to differentiate their offerings from one another. Low prices have therefore been
achieved by passing price pressure down the supply chain rather than through innovations in
product and process.

Some suppliers exert power over the contractors they supply. Certain suppliers enjoy
monopoly conditions; others have a particular advantage with respect to certain contracts due
to the economics of transporting bulk materials. These suppliers are able to resist price
pressures from contractors.

With a good supply of competent suppliers and subcontractors there may be a rise in the
number professional construction managers who will take work away from the traditional
main contractor, as result quality and performance may deteriorate.

Competition from overseas is increasing. The main threat to UK contractors in their home
market is from Europe. The threat has three elements (i) the opportunities presented by PFI
(ii) harmonization of specifications carried out as part of the Single European Act, and (iii)
the globalization of infrastructure.

Falling demand for civil engineering due to the rise of alternative to construction

There are predictions that demand for transport infrastructure will be hit by the use of IT to
increase the capacity of the current infrastructure or as a substitute for travel.

Increases in the amount of off-site manufacture will shift turnover from contractors to
suppliers.

This above example or situation gives us a clear idea about what are the problems that may arise
and what are the positive ideas for competing with other industries. It seems that in every stage
of a companys growth there are things to understand such as, market demand, availability,
innovations, quality and experience etc. Through analyzing the number of problems and ideas, a
company may come out with a perfect solution which will give them a leap forward to
developments.

Chapter 5: S.W.O.T in Industrial Sectors

In this chapter the importance of S.W.O.T analysis for a cement company is given as an
example. Shun Yue Cement Company Limited is leading cement manufacturer in China. To
understand the condition of the logistic process of the company SWOT analysis was done with
the response from the customer and the employees. The following data are collected from a
[10]
publication of Savonia University of Applied Science.
The analysis was done with 284
respondents. From several aspects, the respondents show their point of views towards the
strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the logistics process. Their responses are
given as Gant Chart below.

Strength

According to the above pie chart, 28 % of the respondents give their opinions of technology as
the strength, 15 % consider supply chain is a great strength and customer service also takes a big
proportion as 11 %. Marketing and warehousing almost have the same proportion to be the
strengths of SYCCL.
Weakness

In the case of weakness, most of the respondents chooses delivery 19 % as the biggest weakness.
People who decide marketing and other aspects as weaknesses of the company have almost the same
proportion 18 %. Sales can be obviously seen also with a big weakness with 14 % response.
Therefore, the company should improve delivery and marketing process.

Opportunity

When the respondents were asked about the opportunity, two big opportunities were the
information system 25 % and technology 19 % in modern logistics development. Sales and
marketing also take two big proportions 12 % and 9 %. Other aspects, like delivery, supply
chain, warehousing, customer service and other aspects are all regarded as opportunities to better
develop by the respondents at almost the same proportion between 3 % and 4 %.
Threat

In case of threat for company, 23 % of people pay more attention to marketing as a threat and
meanwhile, customer service, warehousing and supply chain are considered by several large
proportions like 19 %, 15 % and 12 %. Risks and threats usually lead to failure and loss. 8 %
selected cement package as a threat for the company. From 3 % to 7 % of them are concentrating
on transport, sales and other aspects to be considering threats.

To sum up the above information we can see that 28 % of the respondents give their opinions of
technology as the strength, 15 % consider supply chain is a great strength and only 2 % think of
the cement package. When mentioning the companys weakness, most respondents prefer to
choose delivery and marketing in need of improving. 25 % people are willing to pay more
attention to information system and meanwhile, supply chain, delivery and other aspects are
considered by the same proportion 3 %. Risks and threats usually lead to failure and loss. 23 %
selected marketing as a threat for the company and 19 % are concentrating on customer service.

This table is made from the collected data from the Gant chart and the pie charts shown above.
This table is final summary of the SWOT analysis. The report of the analysis concentrates on the
main points concerning the improvements of the company.
Therefore, we have seen how SWOT analysis can be helpful for industrial sectors, which are the
areas to improve, which areas govern the profit and growth of the company. SWOT analysis also
helps to determine the strategy a company needs to follow.

Chapter 6: S.W.O.T in Communications Sectors

In this chapter, how S.W.O.T analysis result is useful for the development of communication
sectors. This chapter is going to focus on the telecommunication sector with a famous operator,
Vodafone. Vodafone is one of the leading providers of telecommunication services worldwide.
The company is engaged in providing data and fixed line, voice, and messaging services. The
group has presence in various countries across Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia Pacific and
the US. It operates through subsidiaries, joint ventures, associated undertakings and investments.
The company operates primarily under the brand name Vodafone worldwide, except for the US,
where it operates under the Verizon Wireless brand. The company is also expanding into
integrated mobile and PC communication services. Vodafone is headquartered in Newbury,
[11]
United Kingdom (UK).
The comprehensive SWOT profile of Vodafone in this chapter provides an in-depth strategic
SWOT analysis of the companys businesses and operations. The profile provides a clear and an
unbiased view of the companys key strengths and weaknesses and the potential opportunities
and threats.
Strength

Strategic Acquisition and Investment

Strategy

Business Strategy

Business Diversity

Market Leading Position

Operational Efficiency

Weakness

Opportunity

Declined Liquidity
Legal Battle

Threat

Strategic Growth Initiatives

Competitive Pressures

Growth in Telecommunications Services

Rapid Technological Changes

Increasing Demand for 3G

Global Economic Slowdown

Growing Mobile Data

Demand for Smartphones

Here the strengths of Vodafone are its strategic investment, diversity, leading telecommunication
operator and their efficiency in network operation and frequency. However, their investment is
declining over time and gives a weakness for other competitors. Vodafones growing mobile data
gives the biggest opportunity in the market with increasing 3G connections, but competing with
other telecommunication operator and change in technologies with respect to global economy
can be Vodafones major threat in this sector.

Conclusion
SWOT analysis is a very useful tool for the development of any business company or industry to
move forward in to the market with greater possibility to shine. Throughout this report, we have
discussed about how SWOT analysis is done in different sectors such as the industrial,
construction and communication sectors but SWOT analysis can be used for any two or more
contradictory ideas, products, systems etc. SWOT analysis result gives such a clear idea that
anyone can understand the difference or the better solution between two or more options. In
modern day, SWOT analysis is taken into different level using computer simulation such as
SWOT matrix system. In SWOT matrix, an Opportunity vs. Strength matrix is developed and
another matrix Weakness vs. Threat matrix is developed. Both the matrices are solved to find the
[3]
best combination from Maximum Sub-array theory . The report also distinguishes between
other types of analysis such as Benchmarking, PESTLE, M.O.S.T Analysis etc. which are also
discussed in brief. SWOT analysis is used to obtain a system which presents a practical way of
assimilating the internal and external information about the business unit, delineating short and
long term priorities, and allowing an easy way to build the management team which can achieve
the objectives of profit growth.

References
1. SWOT Analysis, Wikipedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT Analysis
2. Medibtikar Team
http://library.medibtikar.eu/Med_docs/AX_4/27_SWOT_analysis/SWOT
3. Department of Building and Real Estate, Hong Kong Polytechnic University
http://www.bre.polyu.edu.hk/BRE_workshop/pdf/COENG-470
4. New Zealand Business
http://www.business.govt.nz/resources/educational-resources/swot analysis/
5. Albert Humprey,Team Action Management
http://istdkochi.org/pdf/swot-analysis.pdf
6. PETLE Analysis,
http://www.pestleanalysis.com
7. Benchmarking, Wikipedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benchmarking
8. Strategy Consulting Limited,
http://www.strategyconsultinglimited.co.uk/business-strategy/exploring-corporatestrategy-using-m-o-s-t-analysis/
9. Agile construction intuitive, University of Bath, Publiction
http://www.bath.ac.uk/management/larg_agile/publications/pdf/public/96.014.300.pdf
10. Shun Yue Cement Company Limited, SWOT analysis, Logistics process
http://publications.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/34241/Chen_Jia%20ni.pdf
11. Vodafone Group PLC (VOD) - Financial and Strategic SWOT Analysis Review,
Research and Markets,
http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/1292190/

19
S.W.O.T Analysis in Project Management
Md. Mashreki Islam Sami