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Component for PCI

Truck-technology for road
permits

KS 04538
UP 2092-7
NP 458

25.06.96 / ewu

Additional axles for truck-mounted concrete pumps

More permissible weight

No exceptional permission
required
More load
Less wear on roads
Economical and save
PUTZMEISTER America and Korea are very experienced with additionally-steered and
liftable pusher and tag axles. The axles are air-suspended and thereby allow control of the
axle pressures. Depending upon the requirement, designs with 13200 lbs - 16000 lbs to
22000 lbs are possible.

Index:
1.

Who mounts the additional

axles?
2. When are additional axles
necessary?
3. How does an additional axle
function?
4. Additional axles that have
been proven at Putzmeister.
4.1 Pusher axles
4.2. Tag axles
4.3. Pusher and tag axles combined
5. Further additional axles
5.1. Booster axles
6. Further documents
7. Fotostory on additional axles (on demand).

Fig. 1: M 52 on 5-axle freightliner with

additional 6-rear lift axle showed at the CONEXPO96

Putzmeister-Werk Maschinenfabrik GmbH Postfach 2152 D-72629 Aichtal Tel. (07127)599-0 Telefax (07127)599-520 Tx.7266113

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1. Who mounts additional axles?

These axles are supplied and mounted by HISTEER, HS Industries Inc., 1204 23rd Street,
Racine, WI 53403, Tel. 1-414-633 6575.

The axles are manufactured by (see enclosures, page 11):

Westport Axle Corp. in Cleveland, Ohio.
HISTEER is one of many agencies that
mounts the Westport axles
Further manufacturers of additional
axles are:
Watson Suspension Systems
in Rawlett, Texas
Granning Air Suspension
in Brookston, Indiana
Neway Anchorlok in Muskegon,
Michigan
Page Suspensions in Allen, Kentucky

Fig 2: 22.000 Ibs Granning axle

The axles can be mounted onto any vehicle by any mounting manufacturer, therefore by
any PM subsidiary. One example of this is the mounting of a steered and liftable 6 tonnes
pusher axle (13,000 lbs Pusher Axle) in front of the rear axle tandem of a DAE-WOO - 4
axle with Putzmeister M 43 by Messrs DHI in Korea, as well as the mounting of pusher and
tag axles on American vehicles by PMR, resp. HISTEER

Fig. 3: Putzmeister BRF 43.16 on DAEWOO 4-axle with HISTEER Pusher Axle, with the HA tandem < 20,000 kg.

2. When are additional axles necessary?

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The axle loads are reduced by adding the axles - due to the bearing load of the additional
axle weight is removed from the other axles thereby reducing their axle load.
This means that in the example above (Fig. 3) the laws in Korea - as in many other
countries - is that the maximum permissible rear axle weight of the tandem axle of 20,000
kg is either kept to or is less.Especially in countries where extremely low axle weights or
bridge weight lawsapply, i.e. the permissible load per axle base, as it is the case in most
of the US states, the mounting of such axles is crucial for permission and therefore for the
sale of a concrete pump.

Putzmeister BSF 52.16 H on the 5 axle Freightliner with tag axle.

Fig. 4 KS 007034

The M 52 for example can only obtain vehicle registration on a compact vehicle in the
majority of the US states when an additional tag axle is mounted onto the 5-axle chassis
(refer to Fig. 4).
Many countries in the world have bridge weight laws and the aim of these is to distribute the
load of a vehicle over greater axle distances so that the bridges and also the road surfaces
undergo a lesser specific pressure, i.e. less wear and tear (refer also to Tech. Info.
KS 66116 USA).
3. How does an additional axle work, Pusher or Tag Axle,

WESTPORT/HISTEER System

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The pusher or tag axles can generally be lifted by an airbag to a height of approx. 250 mm
(refer to Fig. 2 and 5).
The up and down movement of the axle is controlled by a switch in the drivers cab. Axles
that are not steered in reverse are usually lifted when driving in reverse, and this is
controlled automatically by the switch for reversing.
Not all states or countries, however, allow the lifting of the axles so that in these cases a
reversely-steered axle ought to be used. But it is also possible to just lock the axle when
reversing but this is not favourable due to the increased wear on the tires when the wheel
base is short.
The steering of the axle always functions
via the friction resistance of the tires so that
no complicated electronics or mechanics are
needed for this.
At steering in reverse the castor angle
is changed from positive to negative with
the aid of hydraulics or an air cylinder.
In addition all axles have a traverse sprung
shock absorber which stabilises the axle for
the trip, i.e. calms it down so that it does
not surge.

Fig. 5: Airbag on pusher axle

The axle gets straightened through an air cylinder while lifting also being in reverse if there
is no reverse steering
Reverse steering = extra for surcharge.
The axles are therefore available with three different steering versions - depending upon
wishes and specific country regulations.
a.The axle is automatically lifted
and straightened when put into
reverse gear.
b.The axle is blocked into straight
position for reverse.
c.The axle is frictionally steered both for
forwards and reverse; lifting would be
technically possible here of course and
is of advantage when moving.
3-axle MACK MR 6885 with lifted pusher axle

For setting the machine up on the construction site and going off road we recommend that
the axle is always lifted, even when this is not allowed on the road. This reduces the wear
on the tire and reduces the overall wear on the axle.

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The other axles wont be overloaded here as the driving speed is low when shifting and the
axles can stand an overload while going slow.
The axles are generally air-suspended via airbags; the air pressure here is controlled by a
control unit which means that the requested axle weight can be directly set. The control unit
consists of a control knob and a pressure gauge for the air pressure and can be mounted in
the drivers cab or outside.
Some countries specify a specific axle
pressure on the additional axle, e.g. 8%
of the total weight
The customer receives an adjustment
table in which the requested axle pressure
can be set depending upon the frame
height and airbag
When ordering an axle, make shure that
this is ordered in the so-called drop-down
version. Here the connection rod (steering
tie rod) between the stabilizing cylinder
and the cylinder for straight positioning is
cranked at the bottom

Fig. 7: Lifted pneumatic spring and drop-down steering tie rod

This makes a higher lifting of the pusher axle possible, e. g. when the cardan chafts are
mounted low in relation to the rear axle or due to the distributor gearbox as well as tag axles
due to the delivery cylinders
The axles are equipped with their own braking cylinders with a separate braking system so
that the basic vehicle does not have to be designed for a greater braking performance when
the vehicle overall weight is increased. Care must only be taken that there is sufficient air
available from the compressor of the vehicle for the brakes and the air bags. The vehicle
manufacturers have larger compressors or double chamber compressors for this.
All axles have single wheels due to the steering movement. These can be upgraded with up
to 22,000 lbs (10,000 kg) depending upon the size of the tires.

4. The following mounted-on additional axles have just been proofed:

4.1. Pusher Axle:

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Fig. 8: KS 007007: BSF 36.16 H on Mack MR 688S with pusher axle

A pusher axle is an air-suspended additional axle that is mounted in front of the existing
axles. It can be steared forwards and on request also backwards.
The designs that can only be steared forwards have an automatic interlock for reversing
and they are automatically lifted when put into reverse gear. All axles have a guiding
stabilisation for increasing the steering stability - also reducing wear on the tires.
The axle can be pneumatically lifted up to a height of approx. 250 mm when driving in
reverse or positioning.
The axle is also lifted when positioning to increase the driving force (traction) of the driving
wheels on difficult terrain as well as to increase the stability weight and reduce the hopper
filling height when pumping. This can automatically be coupled to the switching on of the
pump, resp. the placing gear or the power take off.

A pusher axle is added when ..

a. the axle weight of an axle or an axle group is to be reduced so that the permissible axle

pressure, resp. bearing load can be obtained.

b. the overall weight or the weight of an axle group only attains the permissible value with

an additional axle due to the bridge weight law, e.g. in US.

c. sufficient room is available between the front and rear axles.

4.2 Tag axle:

A tag axle is an axle mounted behind the axles

already present and is an air-suspended
additional axle which is driven forwards and if
required is also steered in reverse. The versions

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that can only be steered forwards have an

automatic locking device for reversing, and they
are automatically lifted when the vehicle is put
into reverse gear. All axles have a steering
stabilisation for increasing the steering
stability.
Fig. 9

It is also self-steering by friction guidance

when driving forwards.
When driving backwards and when positioning,
the axle can be pneumatically lifted up to a
height of 250 mm. The axle is also lifted
positioning so as to increase the driving force of
the driving wheels on difficult terrain as well as
increase the stability weight and reduce the
hopper filling height during pumping.

when
to

The tag axle does not increase the turning circle

although the overall wheel base of the vehicle is
enlargened. This is a decisive advantage and of
daily importance when being in the construction
site.
Fig. 10

A tag axle is added when

a.

as for 4.1.a. the axle weight of one axle

or an axle group must be reduced so
that the permissible axle pressure, resp.
the bearing load can be observed.

b.

as for 4.1.b. due to the bridge weight

laws the total weight or the weight of
an axle group can only attain the
permissible value with an additional axle.

Fig. 11: Freightliner with lifted tag axle for M 52.

c.

the overall axle base of the vehicle - from the first to the last axle - has to be
increased so that the actual load density (kg/m) is smaller than the permissible load
density.

d.

there is not sufficient space between the front and rear axles.

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e.

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the axle load for the axles that must be relieved of load, e.g. rear axles, must be
reduced even more than would be possible with a pusher axle if the front axles were
allowed to carry a greater load.

4.3. Pusher axle and tag axle combined

a. The combination of a pusher axle
and a tag axle is required when
the axle weight of the axles present
has to be reduced more and where
at the same time the overall axle base
is to be increased to achieve a smaller
road weight, and e.g. to comply with the
Federal Bridge Formula in the US by
increasing the amount of axle
b.When there is only space for a pusher
axle, for example, between the axles,
although two or more additional axles
are necessary to achieve the permissible
weight.
PM M 43

Fig. 13: KS 007029, BSF 43.16 on Mack 4-axle MR 688S with tag and pusher axle

5. Further additional axles:

5.1 Booster axle

Fig. 12: 4-axle truck with tag and rear axle with

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Booster axles are steering-type sprung tag axles which are attached to their own small
frame and which are articulately attached to the rear of the vehicle or to the assembly.
When positioning, the whole axle frame is lifted or pulled up by an hydraulic cylinder.
The axle itself is a tag axle just like the tag axles that are mounted directly to the vehicle.
A booster axle is mainly only used when there is no longer any space between and behind
the axles on the chassis frame to add on a pusher or tag axle.
In addition, the wheel base required for the Bridge Weight Law is easier to attain with a
booster axle as this axle runs way back behind the vehicle axles.
Figs.: 14 - 17: Booster axles

6. Further papers and calculation forms

Calculation of the theoretical wheel base with additional axle
Calculation of the centre of gravity on the basis of the weighted axle weights
(return account)

KS 900278
KS 60648

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Technical instruction - US-Federal weight

KS 66116

Permissible weights in Germany

KS 47560

Application for exemption in Germany

VM 94088
B-1-4

List of weights for truck-mounted concrete pumps

KS 38991

Calculation of axle load - empty formula

KS 19811

Calculation of weight - semi-trailer concrete pumps

KS 65583

You receive further information from

PUTZMEISTER-Werk
Maschinenfabrik GmbH
Max-Eyth-Strae 10
72631 Aichtal
Mr. W. Ebinger

Tel: 07127/599-372
Fax: 07127/599-570

or
PMR- USA
PUTZMEISTER Inc.
Racine Operation
1733 South 90th Street
USA Sturtevant, WI 53177
Tel: 414-886-3200
Fax: 414-886-3212

Adresses of further manufacturers of additional axles

Neway Anchorlock
P.O. Box 425, Muskegon
Michigan 49443-0425

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Phone:
Fax:

616 773 3271

616 766 3893

Granning Air Suspensions

P.O. Box 600, Brookston
Indiana 47923
Phone:
Fax:

219 279 2801

219 279 2390

Watson Suspension Systems

4820 Grisham Drive, Rowlett
Texas 75088
Phone:

214 475 8006

Page Suspension
Allen, Kentucky
Phone:

606 874 2151

Westport Axle Aorp.

837 E.79th Street, Cleveland
Ohio 44103-1807
Phone:
Fax:

216 431 2000

216 391 1610

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