2013 14

GSM (2G / 3G)
NGN
Projects at ALTTC
Broadband / IPv6 Network
With Live Telecom Equipment
CDMA
Advanced Level Telecom Training Centre (ALTTC)
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL)

(Government of India Enterprises)
Govt. of India Enclave, Rajanagar

Ghaziabad, UP - 201002 (INDIA)
SDH, DWDM
Left Intentionally Blank
List of Projects
Mobile GSM Projects
Study of GSM-Nokia equipment Architecture and Functionality

Planning & Design of 2G radio network
Antenna Systems in Cellular Mobile Network
Radio Network Advanced Features
2G and 3G radio parameter
Planning & Design of 3G radio network
Call Flows in Mobile Cellular Networks
Optimization of Mobile RF Network
Compare and contrast prepaid mobile tariffs of BSNL and other operators (Reliance, Tata, Airtel,
Vodafone)
Comparison of different type of services provided in mobile by BSNL & other operator (Reliance,
Tata, Airtel, Vodafone)
Beyond 3G: HSPA and LTE.
Broadband Projects
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) Implementation, analysis & troubleshooting

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Protocol Implementation, analysis & troubleshooting
Performance & Comparison of OSPF and RIP Protocols
IPv4 address plan in corporate environment
VLAN and its applications in an IP Network
Implementation of MPLS in a Core IP network & its troubleshooting
MPLS traffic Engineering for optimization of link bandwidth utility
BGP implementation in Internet Router Architecture
IPv6 Migration Strategies
MPLS-VPN Implementation in an ISP Network
Study and Implementation of Local Area Network
Data Analysis Using MS-Excel
Application Development using PHP and MySQL
Study and Demonstration of CDR System of BSNL
Implementation of VLAN in a Network
Design and Integration of WLAN in a LAN
Implementation of DHCP / DNS in a Network
LAN Chat and File Sharing Application
OFC Network Projects
Implementation of Ethernet Connectivity between two Next Generation Synchronous Digital

Hierarchy (NGSDH) Systems.
Design and Testing of 155 Mbps link between Two STM-16 SDH systems along with protection.
Advanced Level Telecom Training Centre (BSNL), Ghaziabad (INDIA)
[i]
Project Training @ ALTTC (2013-14)
Computers / Information Technology Projects
List of Projects
Design & testing of 2.048 Mbps link between two STM-4 SDH System
Fault tracing and Rectification in Optical Fibre Cable.
Configuration of remote equipments in Network Management System Software
Configuration of Network Elements in 10G DWDM system
FTTH, GPON equipments Central Office Terminals configuration
FTTH, GPON equipments Customer Premise Equipments configuration
Ribbon Fiber
Advantages of Ribbon OFC over Conventional OFC & Ribbon Fiber
Telecom Switching Projects:
Design and Implementation of Next Generation Networks (A future communication system over
IP)
Next Generation Signaling & Signaling Network
Next Generation Transit Network
Class-5 (IMS Based) NGN Network
Design of C-DoT MAX NG (LAG) Network
Design of PSTN Setup and Call flow in EWSD Switching System
Design and Implementation of PABX (Private Automatic Branch Exchange) and CENTREX (Closed
User Group) on EWSD Switching System
Design of Subscriber and Trunk Provisioning on EWSD Switch
Design and Implementation of SS#7 (Signaling System No.7) on EWSD Switching Platform
Design a network for understanding importance of separate signaling network in various
scenarios of call setup e.g. Land Line to Land Line network call.
11) Design a network for understanding importance of separate signaling network in various
scenarios of call setup e.g.
Land Line to GSM 2G Mobile network call
Design a network for understanding importance of separate signaling network in various
scenarios of call setup e.g. 2G GSM Nokia to 3G Ericsson mobile network call
Mobile Number Portability (MNP) in telecom network and role of SSTP in its implementation
Telecom Civil Projects:
Rain Water Harvesting
AutoCAD
Computer Aided Quantity Survey (Estimation using ACCO/db-Soft)
Building Maintenance
VAASTU
STAAD Pro
Antenna & Waveguides Projects:
[ii]
Study and Analysis of Rectangular Microstrip (Patch) Antenna
Study and Analysis of Loaded Microstrip Antenna (PIFA Antenna)
Mobile GSM Projects

Study of GSM-Nokia equipment
Architecture and Functionality
Project Code:
Mobile/01
OBJECTIVE:
This mini project will cover complete architecture and Functionality of Different sub systems of
GSM-Nokia Equipment. the complete Network connectivity between BTS and BSC, BSC and
MSC, MSC and HLR etc. Provisioning and mediation pertaining to BSNL mobile network will
also be discussed.
INTRODUCTION:
In this, we discuss general description & Hardware Architecture of BTS, Types of Different BTS
used in GSM N/w, Base Station Controller (BSC). General functions and hardware architecture
of Mobile Switching Centre (MSC), Visitor Location Register (VLR), Home Location Register
(HLR) and Transponders are also covered in this project.
Base Trans Receive System (BTS):
BTS is a network component that serves one cell and controlled by Base Station
Controller. BTS is responsible to transmit and receive radio signals from mobile unit over radio
interface.
Base Station Controller (BSC):
The BSC is connected to MSC on one side and to the BTS on the other side. BSC performs the
Radio Resource (RR) management for cells under its control.
Mobile Switching Centre (MSC):
Mobile Switching Centre is responsible for Call Switching, Call Routing and Charging Functions
in GSM Network.CDR is also generated at MSC.
Home Location Register (HLR):
Home Location Register contains the permanent database of mobile subscribers. The current
location of subscriber is also stored in HLR
[1]
Mobile GSM Projects

Planning & Design of 2G
Radio Network
Project Code:
Mobile/02
OBJECTIVE:
This mini project will cover an introduction to various 2G Mobile Network Planning, Design &
Optimization process. The participants will be shown BSNL 2G planning/Optimization tool
available in the lab/ nearby telephone exchanges to get the real time knowledge of mobile
design and optimization aspects.
INTRODUCTION:
The 2G networks were mainly evolved for voice communication with very low speed data
communication. Later GPRS and EDGE added higher speed data communication to the 2G
GSM mobile telephony. The quality of service (voice or data) mainly depends upon the
coverage and quality of the radio access.
The radio access part of the wireless network is considered of essential importance as it is the
direct physical radio connection between the mobile equipment and the core part of the
network. In order to meet the requirements of the mobile services, the radio network must offer
sufficient coverage and capacity while maintaining the lowest possible deployment costs.
The radio network planning process can be divided into different phases. At the beginning is the
Preplanning phase. In this phase, the basic general properties of the future network are
investigated. The second phase is the main phase. A site survey is done about the to-becovered area, and the possible sites to set up the base stations are investigated. The goal is to
achieve as much coverage as possible with the optimal capacity, while reducing the costs also
as much as possible. The coverage and the capacity planning are of essential importance in the
whole radio network planning. The coverage planning determines the service range, and the
capacity planning determines the number of to-be-used base stations and their respective
capacities. In the third phase, Drive tests and various tools are used to make constant
adjustments to improve the network planning. Then the final radio plan is ready to be deployed
in the area to be covered and served.
In GSM, the network is divided into a lot of cells, and usually a base station is planted in the
center of each cell. For the sake of easy analysis, the cells are represented as neighboring
hexagons, while in reality they can be of any kind of forms and overlap with each other. The
size of each cell, when fixed, will usually stay stable.
In GSM network planning, the coverage planning and capacity planning are independent. The
coverage planning depends on the received signal strength i.e. the covered area is mainly
limited by the minimum signal strength at the cell range, while the capacity planning depends
mainly on the frequency allocation.
[2]
Mobile GSM Projects

Antenna System in Cellular
Mobile Network
Project Code:
Mobile/03
OBJECTIVE:
The participants will study the design and features of cellular mobile network antennas,
waveguides, IF cable etc. Various characteristics of different antenna systems used for GSM,
CDMA, 3G and Wi-MAX shall be explored. Procedure for conducting VSWR test shall be
demonstrated.
INTRODUCTION:
Global System for Mobile Communication allows users to talk virtually anywhere in the world.
GSM communication is totally dependent on antenna systems, which means GSM services and
later generation of mobile technology like EDGE, UMTS and HSPA are in constant need of
antennas to provide large coverage area for better communication.
Antenna is a structure or device used to collect or radiate electromagnetic waves.
In mobile communications, two main categories of antennas used are: 1. Directional Antenna
2. Omni-directional Antenna
Omni directional antennas are those types of antennas which are mostly used in rural areas.
These radiates in all horizontal direction with equal power. In the vertical plane, these antennas
radiate uniformly across all azimuth angles and have a main beam with upper and lower side
lobes.
Antennas may be one band antenna, two bands antenna or three bands antenna. In multiband,
the different band antennas are covered under one radome.
The main characteristics of antenna are Gain, Beam Width, Side Lobe Magnitudes, Off axis
radiation, Directivity Pattern, Polarization, VSWR. At the same time they should be of moderate
cost, easy to Install and strong enough to give service in all environments.
[3]
Directional antennas are those types of antennas which are mostly used to get higher gain
compared to Omni directional antenna and to minimise interference effects in the network. In
these types of antennas, the radiation is directed at a specific angle instead of uniformly across
all azimuth angles.
Mobile GSM Projects

Radio Network Advanced Features
Project Code:
Mobile/04
OBJECTIVE:
Evolved in 90s, even today GSM is a dominant digital cellular standard. Enhancements in radio
network of GSM have led to reduced interference, better voice quality and improved system
capacity. Objective of this project is to study these enhancements in GSM radio network use
of improved coders, Frequency Hopping and interference cancellers at MS and BTS side.
INTRODUCTION:
In GSM, initially only Full Rate (FR) coders were used. Later Half-Rate (HR) coders were also
used doubling the voice capacity. Nowadays there is widespread use of Adaptive Multi Rate
(AMR) coders. AMR speech codec consists of a multi-rate narrowband speech codec, that
encodes narrowband (2003400 Hz) signals at variable bit rates ranging from 4.75 to 12.2 kbps.
AMR has been adopted as the standard speech codec by 3GPP and is now widely used
in GSM and UMTS. It uses link adaptation to select from one of eight different bit rates based
on link conditions.
Frequency hopping is the technique of improving the signal to noise ratio in a link by adding
frequency diversity. When frequency hopping is activated in the mobile station, the base station
assigns the mobile station a set of RF channels, rather than a single RF channel. A frequency
hopping algorithm is also assigned to the mobile and is used to inform the mobile of the pattern
of the available frequencies it is to use. In a GSM/GPRS/EGPRS network, frequency hopping is
specified in individual cells based on the number of frequencies offered by a specific cell. The
advantages that frequency hopping offers are:
Improved voice quality and prevention of dropped calls in GSM
Improved data throughput in GPRS and EGPRS
Two kinds of frequency hopping are implemented Base-band frequency Hopping and
Synthesizer Frequency Hopping. Frequency planning of cells has changed a lot with the use of
frequency hopping concept. With Fractional Load Planning (FLP), it is possible to use any
frequency anywhere in the network. The ARFCNs used in the hopping sequence pattern are
determined by the contents of Mobile Allocation (MA) Table. The entry of the MA Table at which
the hopping sequence begins is called the Mobile Allocation Index Offset (MAIO). MAIO of zero
corresponds to the first entry of the MA Table.
Use of interference cancellers SAIC at MS side and IRC at BTS side have also reduced the
interference in the network.
With these improvements the spectral efficiency of GSM has improved. Presently the start-up
spectrum for GSM services is 4.4 M Hz which used to be 6.2 M Hz earlier.
[4]
Mobile GSM Projects

2G and 3G Radio Parameter
Project Code:
Mobile/05
OBJECTIVE:
This mini project will cover an introduction to various 2G and 3G Radio parameters. The
participants will be shown live mobile network 2G and 3G Radio parameters to get the real time
knowledge of 2G and 3G Radio parameters mobile network technology.
INTRODUCTION:
Mobile operators have a great deal invested in their networks performance, from the
satisfaction of their customers to the revenue that fuels their business and future growth. To
ensure network availability and quality, operators must troubleshoot and optimize the
performance of their wireless networks from rollout through expansion. For this, they need a
drive-test optimization and troubleshooting tool that can continuously evolve to support todays
and tomorrows wireless network technologies
Engineering Handset is a phone-based test tool developed for measuring the Network
performance and quality parameters of wireless networks. The tool Collects measurement and
event data for immediate monitoring or for Processing Its combination of small size and
powerful testing features makes its very useful to study the radio parameter of GSM network . it
is designed as an Integral part of the phone, it can be used continually, not only by engineers
and technicians, but by people also.
By the Engineering Handset the following RF parameters may be measured
GSM - ARFCN, MA LIST, BA LIST, RXLEVEL, CH TYPE, HSN, MAIO, PLMN ID, CELL
ID LAI / RAI, TMSI / IMSI / PTMSI
WCDMA - UARFCN, Ec / Io, Active Set, Neighbour Set, Detected Set
[5]
Mobile GSM Projects

Planning and Design of 3G
Radio Network
Project Code:
Mobile/06
OBJECTIVE:
This mini project will cover an introduction to various 3G Mobile Network Planning, Design &
Optimization process. The participants will be shown BSNL 3G planning/Optimization tool
available in the lab/ nearby telephone exchanges to get the real time knowledge of mobile
design and optimization aspects.
INTRODUCTION:
The 3G networks were mainly evolved for voice and data communication. Later HSDPA,
HSUPA (EUL) and HSPA+ added higher speed data communication to the 3G GSM mobile
telephony. The quality of service (voice or data) mainly depends upon the coverage and quality
of the radio access.
The radio access part of the wireless network is considered of essential importance as it is the
direct physical radio connection between the mobile equipment and the core part of the
network. In order to meet the requirements of the mobile services, the radio network must offer
sufficient coverage and capacity while maintaining the lowest possible deployment costs.
The radio network planning process can be divided into different phases. At the beginning is the
Preplanning phase. In this phase, the basic general properties of the future network are
investigated. The second phase is the main phase. A site survey is done about the to-becovered area, and the possible sites to set up the base stations are investigated. The goal is to
achieve as much coverage as possible with the optimal capacity, while reducing the costs also
as much as possible. The coverage and the capacity planning are of essential importance in the
whole radio network planning. The coverage planning determines the service range, and the
capacity planning determines the number of to-be-used base stations and their respective
capacities. In the third phase, Drive tests and various tools are used to make constant
adjustments to improve the network planning. Then the final radio plan is ready to be deployed
in the area to be covered and served.
In GSM (2G and 3G), the network is divided into a lot of cells, and usually a base station is
planted in the center of each cell. For the sake of easy analysis, the cells are represented as
neighboring hexagons, while in reality they can be of any kind of forms and overlap with each
other. The size of each cell, when fixed, will usually stay stable.
In 3G, the frequency reuse factor is 1, and in each cell the whole bandwidth is used. So there is
no frequency assignment in UMTS. UMTS uses WCDMA as its multiplex access method, which
determines that the interference plays an essential role in the coverage planning and capacity
planning. The cell size in UMTS is not fixed. When the interference arises, the SIR deteriorates,
which makes the mobile equipment at the old cell fringe hard to communicate with the base
[6]
Mobile GSM Projects

station. So the cell size shrinks. The resulting swinging of the cell size in UMTS due to the
changing interference is called cell breathing. The network upper capacity limit can also be
easily reached when too much interference leads to the limit of the power at the base station
through the mechanism of power control loop. So in UMTS the coverage planning and capacity
planning cannot be independently made like in GSM, they are closely correlated. The higher the
coverage, the lower is the capacity, and vice versa.
[7]
Mobile GSM Projects

Networks Call Flows
in Mobile Cellular
Project Code:
Mobile/07
OBJECTIVE:
In this, we discuss the call processing aspect and look into specifics case of a mobile originated
(MO) call and a mobile terminated (MT) call both on Radio as well as Core Network side. We
also look into short message (SMS) call flow and its implementation in mobile network.
INTRODUCTION:
In Mobile originated (MO) call, there are four distinct phase of a mobile originated call
1. Setup phase.
2. Ringing phase.
3. Conversation phase.
4. Release phase.
In Mobile Terminated (MT) call, the different phases of a mobile terminated call are
1. Routing analysis
2. Paging.
3. Call setup.
4. Call release.
The phases of mobile terminated (MT) call are similar to a mobile originated (MO) call except
routing analysis and paging phase. Call to a mobile subscriber in a PLMN first comes to
gateway MSC (GMSC). GMSC is the MSC, which is the capable of querying HLR for subscriber
routing information. GMSC need not to be part of home PLMN, though it is normal practice to
have GMSC as part of PLMN in commercially deployed networks.
Trainee will be learning the detailed information about the call processing, GSM network
elements and their functionality. Trainees will be able to know how to MO & MT call will be
routed both nationally & internationally.
[8]
Mobile GSM Projects

Optimization of Mobile RF Network
Project Code:
Mobile/08
OBJECTIVE:
This mini project will cover an introduction to various Mobile Network Optimization process. The
participants will be shown BSNL 3G Optimization tool available in the lab/ nearby telephone
exchanges to get the real time knowledge of mobile optimization aspects.
INTRODUCTION:
In a fiercely competitive environment, a good Quality of Service (QoS) is a competitive
advantage for a service provider. QoS can be characterized, by such factors as contiguity of
coverage, accessibility of the network, speech quality and number of dropped calls.
Service providers have to continually strive to improve QoS in order to retain the Customers. In
a mobile network customers may face any unwanted situations like call drop, one way talk,
echo, access failure, mute etc due to interference and inaccurate parameter definitions & that
may cause subscriber dissatisfaction. To overcome these situations optimization of GSM
network is required. So the optimization is a continual process for improvement of QoS of the
network.
Optimization is an important step in the life cycle of a wireless network and is an ongoing
process. The important steps in the network optimization process are1. Data collection for network problems.
2. Analysis of Data for identification of reasons for network problems.
3. Taking actions for resolving network problems.
4. Again checking the QoS and going back to step 1.
The inputs for optimization come from
continually monitored on cell, site, BSC and Network basis. If any abnormality is observed or if
any deterioration is seen in any of the parameters optimization process has to be initiated.
2) OMC alarms: Any problem in the Network results in a alarm at the OMC. Whenever an alarm
is observed at the OMC it must be carefully analyzed to determine if there is a network problem
and if it is required to initiate optimization process.
3) Routine Drive Testing: Coverage plots, Quality plots generated from drive test may indicate
whether optimization is needed or not.
4) Customer feedback: This information is used to target areas requiring optimization and to
verify coverage against the RF design.
For optimization of GSM network Drive test are performed. Reports generated by making calls
during drive test are recorded with location data in the attached laptop. System generated OSS
[9]
1) QOS Parameters: QOS Parameters are the quality indicators of the Network. Like Call
Success rate, Call Drop Rate, Handover success rate call. These parameters have to be
Mobile GSM Projects

reports are very useful and are analyzed using optimization tools like Netact Planner, Planet to
give insight into network problems.
Equipment Necessary for Drive testing are:
Vehicle,
Drive test mobile phone
External vehicle mounted GPS,
Laptop with drive test software and GPS connection capability.
[10]
Mobile GSM Projects

Project Code:
Compare Compare and contrast
Mobile/09
prepaid mobile tariffs of BSNL and
other operators (Reliance, Tata, Airtel, Vodafone)
OBJECTIVE:
In this project, the participants will be learning the concepts of GSM prepaid charging
procedure. The project members will also be provided the opportunity to look at the BSNL live
GSM prepaid charging procedure.
INTRODUCTION:
INDIA has become one of the fastest-growing mobile markets in the world. The mobile services
were commercially launched in August 1995 in India.
India has opted for the use of both the GSM (global system for mobile communications) and
CDMA (code-division multiple access) technologies in the mobile sector.
The mobile tariffs in India have also become lowest in the world. A new mobile connection can
be activated ith a monthly commitment of US$0.15 only. In 2012 alone 67 million handsets were
sold in India. The data reveals the real potential for growth of the Indian mobile market.
In the mobile telephony space, Airtel controls 21.4% subscriber base followed by Reliance with
20.3%, BSNL with 18.6%, Vodafone with 14.7% subscriber base (as per June 2012 data).
1) Bharti Airtel
88382758
33.04%
2) Vodafone Essar
3) BSNL
4) IDEA
5) Aircel
63340024
42673357
40016153
16761397
23.68%
15.95%
14.96%
6.27%
6) Reliance Telecom
7) MTNL
10353841
4003807
3.87%
1.50%
8) BPL
2007303
0.75%
Following list shows the GSM subscriber figure till June 2012
[11]
Mobile GSM Projects

Project Code:
Compare Compare and contrast
Mobile/10
prepaid mobile tariffs of BSNL and
other operators (Reliance, Tata, Airtel, Vodafone)
OBJECTIVE:
This project provides complete details of various mobile services provided by BSNL and other
private operators. It includes general description and discussion on different Value added
services, Data Services offered by BSNL. Trainees will also learn about Comparison of different
type of services, customer care provided in mobile by BSNL & other operator (Reliance, Tata,
Airtel, Vodafone). It also includes ccomparison of Blackberry services and tariff of BSNL with
other operator.
INTRODUCTION:
In India, Mobile VAS has become a big part of the mobile user's life today. With over 840 Million
mobile phone subscribers in India today and having the second largest subscriber base in the
whole world.
VAS plays a very important role when the telecom market moves towards saturation level. In
such a scenario, innovative Value Added Services offer an opportunity to Telecom Service
Providers to differentiate their offerings in the market & create new revenue streams.
For a telecom operators perspective VAS is very important for telecom operators to charge a
premium price. It is a revenue driver and it reduces subscriber churn also.
BSNL provides the below mentioned VAS on mobile:
NEWS: National, International, Business
Finance: Stocks, Forex Rates, Commodity Prices.
Entertainment: Games, TV, Jokes, Bollywood Songs.
Travel: Railway Airline
Downloads: Logos, Ringbones, Caller Tunes
Astrology Services: Horoscope/Prediction
Contest: Reality Shows
MMS: Picture Massages, Clippings
Services like STK, WAP Portal, Voice Portal, CRBT, Pull based services, push based services
and GPRS & 3G based services, Mandi Bhav, YO SMS , Handset Security, Data Security and
Back up, Call Tricker, Mail on SMS, SMS Counselling, Mobile Share, Humshakal etc .
[12]
Mobile GSM Projects

Beyond 3G: HSPA and LTE
Project Code:
Mobile/11
OBJECTIVE:
The mini project mainly deals with the complete conceptual details about various B3G mobile
broadband technologies, with respect to the network elements. This mini project will give
exposure to Mobile Broadband technologies and the project members will also be provided the
opportunity to look at the BSNL Mobile Broadband network elements
INTRODUCTION:
Through constant innovation, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) with High
Speed Packet Access (HSPA) technology and its evolution to beyond third generation (3G) has
established itself as the global, mobile-broadband solution. The online multimedia world made
possible by mobile broadband has changed peoples perceptions of data speeds and network
service quality. Regardless of where they are, consumers no longer accept slow speeds as they
send and receive e-mail, music or video clips on their laptops and mobile devices.
UMTS/HSPA, in particular, has many key technical and business advantages over other mobile
wireless technologies. Operators worldwide are now deploying both High Speed Downlink
Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), the combination of
the two technologies called simply HSPA. HSPA is one of the most powerful cellular-data
technologies ever developed. HSPA, already widely available, follows the successful
deployment of UMTS networks around the world and is now a standard feature.
HSPA Evolution represents a logical development of the Wideband Code Division Multiple
Access (WCDMA) approach, and it is the stepping stone to an entirely new Third Generation
Partnership Project (3GPP) radio platform called 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE). LTE, which
uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)
spectrum. With increased speed and decreased latency, consumers can enjoy the latest online
services such as real-time web, online gaming, social media collaboration and video
conferencing on the go. LTE will meet the demands of the new and enhanced internet
applications of the future.
Just as LTE is the next step in the evolution of mobile networks, Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
represents the next step in the parallel evolution of packet core networks. One of the key
highlights of EPC is its ability to handle multiple access technologies. Thus, it provides a
smoother migration for operators and selected sites can use LTE access while the rest of the
network remains on 2G/3G access. Combined with HSPA and LTE access networks, EPC
provides users with true broadband access, to a wide variety of applications while significantly
reducing the cost of ownership for operators.
[13]
LTE, the next generation of mobile communication technology, enables the high-speed transfer
of huge amounts of data in an efficient and cost-effective way, optimizing the use of radio
Mobile GSM Projects
Mobile broadband brings people closer together and gives them more flexibility and control over
their working and private lives. Mobile applications in areas such as health care, public safety,
travel and transport, utilities and manufacturing, are of increasing importance.
[14]
Broadband Projects
Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
Implementation, analysis & troubleshooting
Project Code:
BB/01
SCOPE & OBJECTIVE:

Internet is the most transforming invention in human history which has become imperative
today. Internet service providers (ISPs) connect people to the Internet by installing huge
networks. Routing protocols plays a crucial role in provisioning of Internet services by ISPs.
There are two types routing protocols, static and dynamic. Dynamic routing protocols are used
to learn about remote networks and to quickly adapt whenever there is a change in the
topology, without manual intervention. The method that a routing protocol uses to accomplish
this task depends on the algorithm it uses and the operational characteristics of that protocol.
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a popular dynamic routing protocol. It is a distance vector
dynamic routing protocol and uses hop-count as the metric.RIP uses Bellman-Ford algorithm for
the best-path route determination.
This project involves the study of operation of RIP, its implementation and troubleshooting if
errors occurs. This will be done in advanced Cisco 7613 routers which are actually used in
ISPs networks. The project is designed keeping following learning objectives in mind:
Learning the OSI reference model and TCP/IP protocol suite
IPv4 addressing and its planning for a network
Learning Routing principles
Learning Routing Information protocol and Bellman-Ford algorithm
Learning basic configuration of the router
Practically executing RIP in Cisco 7613 routers for a given topology
Examining and analysing the results in routing table of the routers
Troubleshooting the errors relating to RIP
This
project
executed
topology.
on
will
PRACTICAL SET UP:

be
following
SKILL SET:
After completion of this project student will be able to
Configure a router.
Implement RIP in a given topology
Troubleshoot if any errors occurs
[15]
Broadband Projects
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
Implementation, analysis & troubleshooting
Project Code:
BB/02
SCOPE AND OBJECTIVE:

There are two types routing protocols, static and dynamic. Dynamic routing protocols are used
to learn about remote networks and to quickly adapt whenever there is a change in the
topology, without manual intervention. The method that a routing protocol uses to accomplish
this task depends on the algorithm it uses and the operational characteristics of that protocol.
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a popular, mostly used dynamic routing protocol. It is a link
state dynamic routing protocol and uses cost (which is inversely proportional to band width) as
the metric. OSPF uses Dijkstra Algorithm for the best-path route determination. The project is
designed keeping following learning objectives in mind:
Learning the OSI reference model and TCP/IP protocol suite
Learning Routing principles
Learning Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Protocol and Dijkstra Algorithm
Practically executing OSPF in Cisco 7613 routers for a given topology
Examining and analysing the results in routing table of the routers
Troubleshooting the errors relating to OSPF
PRACTICAL SET UP:

Project Training @ ALTTC (2013-14)|
This project will be executed on following

topology.
SKILL SET:
Configure a router.
Implement OSPF in a given topology
Troubleshoot if any errors occurs
[16]
Broadband Projects
Performance and Comparison of
OSPF and RIP Protocols
Project Code:
BB/03

Two very popular routing protocols are Routing Information Protocol(RIP) and Open Shortest
Path First(OSPF).Both protocols has their own metrics and algorithms to calculate the best path
to reach destination in the network.RIP and OSPF are open standard and industrially used
protocols but in different scales.
RIP is used in small networks (up to a hop count of 15 routers), but OSPF is used in larger
networks (can reach unlimited hop counts). Their performance is also different which is
examined in this project. OSPF has very fast convergence compared to RIP which is essential
requirement of large ISP
The project is designed keeping following learning objectives in mind:
Understanding the OSI reference model and TCP/IP protocol suite
Understanding Routing principles
Learning Routing Information Protocol(RIP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Protocol
Practically execution of RIP and OSPF in routers for a given Network topology
Troubleshooting, and its analysis
Examine different parameters that determines performance of both the protocols
Comparing the results of routing tables of the both the protocols
PRACTICAL SET UP:

This project will be executed on High End Gigabit
Switching Routers as shown in the following
topology.
SKILL SET:
After completion of this project student will be able
to
Configure a router.
Implement RIP and OSPF in a given topology
Comparing the performance of both the protocols
[17]
Broadband Projects
IPv4 address plan in corporate
Environment
Project Code:
BB/04

The participants will be made familiar with IPv4 address, classful and classless IP addressing
scheme. Representation of ipv4 addressing in binary &dotted decimal form with focus on
conversion will be integral part of learning. Understanding of different classes of IP Address i.e
class A, class B, Class C, Class D and class E in binary and dotted decimal form shall be
covered. Necessity of loopback address, broadcast address in a network shall be shown in
tutorials. Subnetting and supernetting of IP address pool along with the tutorials shall be
covered in practice exercise. Private IP address, public IP address, static IP address and their
usage in the Network shall be shown in different network topologies.
PRACTICAL SET UP:

How to use a given IP address pool for an organization in economic way.
SKILL SET:
After completion of this project participants shall be in a position understand importance of IP
address in present day Network. The participants can design different network topologies
suitable for various organizations and usage of IP address pool optimally.
[18]
Broadband Projects
VLAN and its applications in an
IP Network
Project Code:
BB/05

The participants will be made familiar with working of LAN, WAN and their different topologies.
Function and character ices of different network elements, their role in different topologies will
be covered. Access technology like CSMA/CD alongwith Ethernet frame standards will be
integral part of learning. More emphasis shall be on the concept of collision domain and need of
VLAN. Different types of VLAN and their usage in different environment shall be covered.
Detailed discussion on assigning VLAN ID in the network and Q in Q VLAN concept will fulfil the
vary objective of learning.
PRACTICAL SET UP:

How to assign VLAN in IP Network.
SKILL SET:
After completion of this project participants shall be in a position understand importance of
VLAN in IP Network. The participants can configure VLAN in Switches and in different
topologies of the network suitable for a particular organization.
[19]
EXAMPLE:
Broadband Projects
Implementation of MPLS in a Core
IP Network & its trouble shooting
Project Code:
BB/06

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a standards-approved technology for speeding up
network traffic flow and making it easier to manage. Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
enables Enterprises and Service Providers to build next-generation intelligent networks that
deliver a wide variety of advanced, value-added services over a single infrastructure. This
economical solution can be integrated seamlessly over any existing infrastructure, such as IP,
Frame Relay, ATM, or Ethernet. Subscribers with differing access links can be aggregated on
an MPLS edge without changing their current environments, as MPLS is independent of access
technologies. MPLS provides its users a number of advantageous features such as traffic
engineering, network convergence, failure protection, and the ability to guarantee Quality of
Service (QoS) over IP.
This project on MPLS technology is to create the awareness about the Service
providers network architecture.
Drawbacks of the traditional IP based routing.
Understanding the operation of MPLS in service provider network & its features.
Understanding the role of label distribution Protocol LDP, TTL behaviour, LSP in MPLS
network.
Configuration of MPLS in lab topology.
Understanding the analysis of Label Switch Path, LSP.
This project gives the complete details about the theoretical background of MPLS
technology in addition to the practical knowledge of MPLS using high-end Gigabit
Switching Routers.
In this project the student will have the exposure to the real time environment with hands
on practice on MPLS configuration on high end routers.
PRACTICAL SET UP:
Configuration of MPLS in a lab topology as

shown below, using Gigabit Switching High
End Routers.
[20]
Troubleshooting of MPLS Network.
Broadband Projects
SKILL SET:
Understanding of MPLS operation & its advantages over IP routing.
Understand of how label packets are forwarded in MPLS network.
Understanding of PUSH, SWAP ,POP operation , TTL behaviour etc. in MPLS network.
Troubleshooting of MPLS forwarding problems.
Analysis the outputs of useful commands & their significance.
[21]
Broadband Projects
MPLS Traffic Engineering for
Optimization of Link Bandwidth Utility
Project Code:
BB/07

MPLS traffic engineering Enhances standard IGPs, such as IS-IS or OSPF, to automatically
map packets onto the appropriate traffic flows. Determines the routes for traffic flows across a
network based on the resources the traffic flow requires and the resources available in the
network. It increases efficiency of bandwidth resources by preventing over-utilized (congested)
links whilst other links are under-utilized. It ensures the most desirable/appropriate path for
certain traffic types based on certain policies. The ultimate goal is COST SAVING.
Under the scope of this project, student will learn
Operation of Traffic Engineering in MPLS network.
MPLS-TE Label Switch paths Path establishment.
Role of Resource Reservation Protocol RSVP in MPLS Traffic Engineering network.
Creation of a Tunnel & distribution of Labels on that tunnel path.
Different mechanism for forwarding a traffic to a tunnel.
Tunnel protection mechanism.
In this project the student will have the exposure to the real time environment with strong
hands on practice on configuration of MPLS traffic engineering tunnels using high end
GSR routers & its troubleshooting.
PRACTICAL SET UP:
Configuration
of
MPLS
traffic
Engineering Tunnels in a lab topology

as shown below using high end Gigabit
Switching Routers.
Troubleshooting of MPLS-TE Network
problems.
SKILL SET:
After completion of this project student is able to
Understand how tunnel path setup in MPLS Network is.
Operation of CSPF (Constrained Shortest Path First) Protocol
Label assignment mechanism on tunnel path.
Analysis of TE LSP & its troubleshooting.
Different traffic forwarding mechanism & their troubleshooting.
[22]
Broadband Projects
BGP implementation in Internet
Router Architecture
Project Code:
BB/08

The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) provides loop-free Interdomain routing between
autonomous systems. An autonomous system [AS] is a set of routers that operates in a
common network under the same administration. BGP Autonomous Systems are assigned an
Autonomous System Number (ASN), which is a 16-bit number ranging from 1 65535. A
specific subset of this range, 64512 65535, has been reserved for private (or internal) use.
BGP is considered a Path Vector routing protocol. BGP was not built to route within an
Autonomous System (AS), but rather to route between ASs. BGP is the routing protocol of
choice on the Internet. It makes it possible for ISPs to connect to each other and for end-users
to connect to more than one ISP. BGP is the only protocol that is designed to deal with a
network of the Internet's size.
The course is designed keeping following learning objectives in mind:
Understanding of Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) overview.
Understanding of Interior Border Gateway Protocol (iBGP).
Understanding of External Border Gateway Protocol (eBGP).
Understanding of Autonomous system (AS) numbers assigned by IANA to ISPs.
Understanding of BGP Attributes used for interconnecting ISPs.
Understanding BGP policies and BGP route reflectors for solving full mesh problems.
In this project, the student will be exposed to real time environment with strong hands
on practice on configuration of BGP using high end GSR routers & its troubleshooting.
PRACTICAL SET UP:

Configuration of BGP in a lab
topology as shown below using high
end Gigabit Switching Routers.
Troubleshooting of BGP Network

problems.
SKILL SET:
Understand the flow of routing information exchanged between different AS.
Understand the BGP configuration issues & its troubleshooting.
[23]
Broadband Projects
IPv6 Migration Strategies
Project Code:
BB/09

The protocol suite that is used in internet was designed in the early years of 1980s.For years
since then, the Internet protocol known as IPv4 was sufficient for existing demand, but over the
past two decades, it became clear the number of possible IPv4 addresses would eventually fail
to meet demand. Realising this, network designers established a new version of the IP protocol
called IPv6.
IPv6 has vastly larger number of addresses, using which everything from appliances to
automobiles can be interconnected.IPv6 has many advantages like More Efficient Routing,
More Efficient Packet Processing, Simplified Network Configuration, Support for New services,
more Security etc.
Transitioning from IPv4 to IPv6 is looming, with exploding number of internet users .Devising an
IPv6 migration plan is vital for internet to serve the humankind efficiently. It is also crucial for
companies to maintain customer productivity. This project involves how to plan a strategy, for a
company, to migrate from IPv4 to IPv6.
Learning the OSI reference model and TCP/IP protocol suite.
Basics of IPv6 protocol.
IPv6 address planning for a network.
Migration techniques available.
Learning different contexts in which migration techniques are used.
Drafting a strategy of migration for a company.
PRACTICAL SET UP:

Migration techniques are executed and
compared in High end Gigabit Switching
Routers by creating different environments.
SKILL SET:
After completion of this project student will be
able to
Know the differences between IPv4 and IPv6.
Implement migration techniques for a given topology and comparing their results.
Charting a strategy of IPv6 migration for a given network topology.
[24]
Broadband Projects
MPLS-VPN Implementation
in an ISP Network
Project Code:
BB/10

MPLS VPN, or MPLS Virtual Private Networks, is the most popular and a widespread
implementation of MPLS technology. MPLS VPN can provide scalability and divide the network
into separate smaller networks. A virtual private network (VPN) uses shared Service provider
telecom infrastructure, to provide secure access to remote offices and users in a cheaper way
than a leased line. MPLS VPN gives network engineers the flexibility to transport and route
several types of network traffic using the technologies of a MPLS backbone.
Overview of Overlay and peer-to-peer VPN models
Concepts of MPLS VPN deployed in a service provider network.
Role of VRFs, route distinguishers, and route targets w.r.t. customers.
Understanding of Different types of VPN e.g. Layer-3 & layer-2 VPN offered by service
provider to the customers.
Understanding routing protocols running in the ISP network
For exchanging customer routes
Choosing of MPLS-VPN services.
Understanding of Intranet & Extranet Model.
Deployment of MPLS-VPN in a Lab topology.
Understanding routing protocols running in the ISP network
For exchanging customer routes
Understanding traffic forwarding in MPLS-VPN network
Understanding the operation of Provider edge Router, PE to customer edge router, CE

routing protocols & their specifications.
In this project the student will have the exposure to the real time environment with strong
hands on practice on configuration of MPLS-VPN on a high end
troubleshooting.
routers &
PRACTICAL SET UP:
Configuration of MPLS-VPN in a lab

topology using
high end Gigabit
Switching Routers as shown below.
Troubleshooting of end to end problems

related to customer sites in MPLS-VPN
Network.
[25]
Broadband Projects
SKILL SET:
Understanding of MPLS Layer-3 & Layer-2 VPN & their merits & demerits.
Understanding the problems occurring in the MPLS- VPN, network & their
troubleshooting & analysis.
Understanding the problems of customer from one site to another site.
Understanding the operation of intranet & Extranet.
[26]
Computers / IT Projects
Study and Implementation of
Local Area Network
Project Code:
IT/01
INTRODUCTION:
A LAN (local area network) is a group of computers and network devices connected together,
usually within the same building. By definition, the connections must be high speed and
relatively inexpensive. A LAN connection is a high-speed connection to a LAN viz. Ethernet
(10Mbps), Fast Ethernet (100Mbps) or Gigabit Ethernet (1000Mbps). A LAN provides full-time
connectivity to local service and allow multi-access to high-bandwidth media. It allows users to
be able to communicate, share computer files, share games, and share printers locally. LANs
are usually connected to other LANs or WANs (such as the Internet).
This project will enable candidates to study the LAN of ALTTC and will also enable them to
understand the issues in maintaining the LAN.
OBJECTIVES:
On completion of the project the candidate will be able to:
Understand the different components which are used in setting up of LAN.
Set up Networking Racks and necessary cabling in standardized manner.
Understand the working of LAN switches.
Have knowledge about the Router Fundamentals and their architecture.
Understand the importance of Power requirement calculation and backup solutions.
Have knowledge about Report preparation techniques.
RESOURCES:
Hand-outs and printed materials.
On-line study materials and Network Simulators.
Physical equipments like UTP cables, LAN switches and Routers.
Project Training @ ALTTC (2013-14) |
[27]
Data Analysis Using MS-Excel
Project Code:
IT/02
INTRODUCTION:
Data analysis helps us to describe facts, detect patterns, develop explanations, and test
hypotheses. It used in business, in administration, and in policy. The numerical results provided
by a data analysis are usually simple: It finds the number that describes a typical value and it
finds differences among numbers. Analyzing data is a very important skill of any professional,
especially those who work in the fields of agriculture and natural resources where data in its raw
collected state have very little use without some sort of processing. The existence of data in its
raw collected state has very little use without some sort of processing
MS Excel is a spreadsheet application that is part of Microsoft Office. It enables the calculation
and display of complex mathematical formulas (functions) with a facility for extensive formatting.
Functions are predefined calculations that may be included in any given Excel cell to perform
specific manipulation of data. Using MS Excel, data could be imported from a variety of sources.
As a student and a professional, MS Excel can assist you in the analysis of data. It is easily
used to do a variety of calculations, includes a collection of statistical functions, and a Data
Analysis Tool pack.
OBJECTIVES:
On completion of the project the candidate will be:
Able to understand the relevant formulas, creating calculations in cells, functions, data
manipulation etc.
Aware of effectively and efficiently utilizing Microsoft Excel for data analysis.
R ESOURCES:
Hand-outs and printed materials
Computer terminals with relevant software.
[28]
Application Development using
PHP & MySQL
Project Code:
IT/03
INTRODUCTION:
PHP and MySQL provide the development language and database components of the
Application that drives huge chunks of the web. Over the years they have each evolved and
grown in complexity and functionality and yet they are still tied together to provide a powerful
and flexible platform for web applications.
This project is suitable for the students who wants to develop dynamic web applications. While
theres no prior knowledge of PHP is assumed, it requires some existing knowledge of HTML
and programming in general.
OBJECTIVES:
Understand how to use PHP for developing web-based applications.
Understand the concepts and design involved in using relational database systems such
as MySQL database with PHP.
Understand how to build real-world web-based applications.
RESOURCES:
Computer terminals with relevant software.
[29]
Study and Demonstration of
CDR System of BSNL
Project Code:
IT/04
INTRODUCTION:
Call detail Record (CDR) based on Integrated Billing Project of BSNL. The CDR billing and
customer care system adding new dimension to the wings of BSNL. One customer one bill is
the motto. Our exchanges and services have undergone dramatic improvements. It is the first
systematic and integrated approach to win the heart of our esteemed customers in one hand
and modernize our finance and accounts on the other.
This project will enable candidates to study the CDR System of BSNL and will also enable them
to understand the issues of Industrial Relationship with Customers.
OBJECTIVES:
On completion of the project the candidate will be able to understand:
On line Billing & Accounting System for revenue reconciliation on daily basis of BSNL
On line implementation of BSNL Tariff Policies and Promotional Schemes throughout the
country at the same time. No manual intervention required.
Data mining for 7 years for deciding marketing strategy.
Customer profile generation and flexible implementation of concessional schemes from

Data Centre for individual customers.
R ESOURCES:
On-line study materials and Live practical demonstration.
Physical equipments like server room, LAN switches and Routers.
[30]
Implementation of VLAN
In a Network
Project Code:
IT/05
INTRODUCTION:
In computer networking, a single layer-2 network may be partitioned to create multiple
distinct broadcast domains, which are mutually isolated so that packets can only pass between
them via one or more routers; such a domain is referred to as a Virtual Local Area
Network, Virtual LAN or VLAN.
A VLAN has the same attributes as a physical local area network (LAN), but it allows for end
stations to be grouped together more easily even if they are not on the same network switch.
Most enterprise-level networks today use the concept of virtual LANs. Without VLANs, a switch
considers all interfaces on the switch to be in the same broadcast domain.
This project will enable candidates to Implement VLAN of a Institution / campus and enable
them to understand the various concepts of VLAN.
OBJECTIVES:
Understand the working of LAN switches, their types.
Understand about the Router Fundamentals and their architecture.
Implementation of VLAN in a network.
RESOURCES:
Handouts and Reading materials.

[31]
Design and Integration of WLAN
in a LAN
Project Code:
IT/06
INTRODUCTION:
AWLAN provides wireless network communication over short distances using radio or infrared
signals instead of traditional network cabling.
A WLAN typically extends an existing wired local area network. WLANs are built by attaching a
device called the access point (AP) to the edge of the wired network. Clients communicate with
the AP using a wireless network adapter similar in function to a traditional Ethernet adapter.
This project will enable candidates to design and integrate WLAN in an existing LAN and enable
them to understand the various concepts of WLAN.
OBJECTIVES:
On completion of the project the candidate will be able to :
Understand the different components which are used in setting up of LAN/WLAN.
Understand the working of WLAN Access Points their types.
Design and Integration of WLAN in an existing network.
R ESOURCES:
Hand-outs and Reading materials.
Physical equipments like UTP cables, LAN switches, WLAN Aps etc.
[32]
Implementation of DHCP / DNS
In a Network
Project Code:
IT/07
INTRODUCTION:
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network protocol used to configure
devices that are connected to a network so they can communicate on that network using
the Internet Protocol (IP). The protocol is implemented in a client-server model, in which
DHCP clients request configuration data, such as an IP address, a default route, and one or
more DNS server addresses from a DHCP server.
The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical distributed naming system for computers,
services, or any resource connected to the Internet or a private network. It associates various
information with domain names assigned to each of the participating entities. Most prominently,
it translates easily memorized domain names to the numerical IP addresses needed for the
purpose of locating computer services and devices worldwide. By providing a worldwide,
distributed keyword-based redirection service, the Domain Name System is an essential
component of the functionality of the Internet.
This project will enable candidates to implement DHCP and DNS in a Network and enable them
to understand the concepts behind them.
OBJECTIVES:
Understand the different components which are used in network.
Understand the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Understand the Domain Name Systems.
Implement DHCP / DNS in a network.
Hand-outs and Reading materials.
Physical equipments like UTP cables, LAN switches, Servers etc.
RESOURCES:
[33]
LAN Chat and File
Sharing Applications
Project Code:
IT/08
INTRODUCTION:
LAN chat application is one of easiest way to chat with a your friends through LAN. No internet
connection is needed. The only thing which requires is server IP address and you will be able to
connect to others members through LAN. It can help you to talk to your friends even you both
do not have internet connection. As it is based on LAN. LAN which connect different client to
each other and also client to main server. So we have used the same concept here we are
connecting two client or client and server with each other and by providing the IP address we
can talk with each other.
On the other hand file sharing application is also implemented where a user can upload a file or
download a file. We are providing the path to the directory where we have stored our file to the
user who wants to download particular file.
This project will enable candidates to study the utilities of LAN of ALTTC .
OBJECTIVES:
Understand the practical use of Eclipse helios, MySQL, JAVA, JSP in live Server
Understand the working of LAN switches.
R ESOURCES:
[34]

Implementation of Ethernet
Connectivity between NGSDH Systems
Project Code:
OFC/01
SCOPE & OBJECTIVE:

In 20th century, the telecommunication has switched over from the traditional voice transport to
data transport. Though digitized voice is still a very large contributor for bandwidth as well as or
revenue. Therefore instead of an evolution of the existing transport standard, a revolution is
necessary to cope up additional data transport. This revolution is next Generation SDH.
Next Generation SDH enables new types of services with more efficient network usage to be
easily implemented by utilizing existing infrastructure. Next Generation SDH, enables the
simultaneous transport of heterogeneous services over one wavelength thereby saving network
building and maintenance costs. Ability to reallocate dynamically bandwidth allows Bandwidth
on Demand services. Next Generation SDH do not increase the bandwidth of SDH but they
render the signal s more flexible allowing a more efficient use of the available bandwidth. Use of
next generation SDH with Ethernet interfaces eliminates the majority of routers without
sacrificing functionality. Next Generation SDH is Packet Friendly.
This project involves the study of Next Generation Synchronous Digital
Hierarchy (NGSDH) protocols, practical familiarization of NGSDH STM16 Tejas systems and configuration of Ethernet connectivity between two
STM-16 SDH systems.
This project involves practical familiarization to NGSDH STM-16

Equipment.
Configuration of Ethernet link between two stations with STM-16

(SDH) systems.
PRACTICAL SET UP:
Practical configuration of STM-16

Tejas Equipment, Ethernet link with
100 Mbps bandwidth.
Testing of Ethernet link on STM-16

systems between two stations.
SKILL SET:
Establish Ethernet connectivity between two geographically distinct network elements of

NG SDH equipment.
[35]
Testing of Ethernet link between two _GSDH STM-16 Network Elements

Work in high bandwidth SDH environment
Configure bandwidth dynamically in SDH equipment.
Understand the functions of optical, electrical and LAN ports in NG SDH equipment.
[36]

Design and Testing of 155 Mbps link
between STM-16 SDH systems
along with protection.
Project Code:
OFC/02

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) is a standard for telecommunications transport
formulated by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). It is deployed at all levels of the
network infrastructure including the access network and the long-distance trunk network. It is
based on synchronous multiplexed signal onto a light stream transmitted over Optical fiber.
SDH improves the configuration flexibility and bandwidth availability over the conventional
Telecom transmission system.
This project on SDH technology is to create the awareness about the Service providers
network architecture.
Explain through connectivity between two terminals the principles of optical

communications.
Understanding the working of SDH and STM-16 SDH system.
This project gives the complete details about the theoretical background to various SDH
system technologies in addition to the practical knowledge on STM-16 SDH system.
on practice to readily installed working STM-16 SDH system, configuration of 155 Mbps
bandwidth between two stations.
PRACTICAL SET UP:
Practical configuration of STM-16 Tejas Equipment, 155 Mbps bandwidth and its
protection path.
Testing of 155 Mbps path on STM-16 systems between two stations in local & through
mode with SDH analyzer.
SKILL SET:
Understand the information flow in Synchronous digital Networks.
Carry out the configuration testing for STM-1 traffic,
Activate the protection feature of the SDH networks.
Understand the SDH higher order hierarchy.
[37]

Design & testing of 2.048 Mbps link
between two STM-4 SDH System
Project Code:
OFC/03

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) is a standard for telecommunications transport
formulated by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). It is deployed at all levels of the
network infrastructure including the access network and the long-distance trunk network. It is
based on synchronous multiplexed signal onto a light stream transmitted over Optical fiber.
SDH is also defined for the use of Radio relay links, satellite links, and at electrical interfaces
between equipment. SDH improves the configuration flexibility and bandwidth availability over
the conventional Telecom transmission system.
Awareness about the services offered by the telecom operators as the basis of all the
services is 2m/bs streams nowadays.
Understanding the pulse code modulation.
Complete knowledge of the E1 to E5 conventional digital stream.
This project elicits the advantage of SDH technology over conventional PDH technology.
on practice to readily installed working STM-4 SDH system, configuration of 2.048 Mbps
between two stations along with protection and Testing with Digital Transmission
Analyzer/BER Meter (Bit error ratio).
OBJECTIVE:
This project involves practical familiarization to STM-4 Tejas Equipment and Configuration of
2.048 Mbps along with protection mechanism between Two STM-4 SDH systems.
Measurement of Performance parameters of 2.048 Mbps link with G.821 ITU-T
Recommendation.
PRACTICAL:
Practical Configuration of STM-4 Tejas Equipment, 2.048 Mbps and its protection path. Testing
of 2.048 Mbps link between two STM-4 SDH systems in through mode with BER meter.
OBSERVATIONS:
Various steps in configuration of STM-16 Tejas Equipment, 2.048 Mbps and its protection path.
Testing of E1s between two stations in through mode with BER meter. Measurement of
performance parameters of E1 link with G.821 ITU-T recommendation.
[38]

Fault tracing and Rectification in OFC
Project Code:
OFC/04

Optical Fiber is used by many telecommunications companies to transmit telephone signals,
Internet communication, and cable television signals. Due to much lower attenuation and
interference, higher bandwidth, lower cost optical fiber has large advantages over existing
copper wire in long-distance and high-demand applications. Currently there is considerable
worldwide plan regarding the introduction of optical fibre cable into access networks i.e., FTTH
(Fiber to the Home), in addition to the existing large chunk of core network-because optical fibre
has a big potential for providing attractive multimedia services.
Since optical fibre cable can provide a various latest services, high-reliability of cable networks
would be required compared with the conventional copper cable networks. To develop
multimedia telecommunication networks as an infrastructure, it is necessary to install the highly
reliable optical fiber cable network architecture along with traditional and next generation SDH
systems.
OBJECTIVE:
This project involves the study and practical familiarization of Optical fibre cable (OFC)
components and materials used, analyzing different types of OFC faults, study of Optical fibre
testing instruments used for localizing OFC faults i.e., with OTDR (Optical time domain
reflectometer), basic principal of OTDR and block diagram of OTDR along with the rectification
of OFC fault using splicing. The project also focus on operating different optical Measuring
instruments, Optical power meter, stabilized light source, splicing techniques, steps involved in
splicing and study of working principal of Fusion type splicing machine. The following diagrams
describe the Optical fibre construction, optical fibre cable, splicing machine, OTDR, optical
power meter, stabilized light source etc.
Practical on localization of optical fibre cable fault by using OTDR Traces and rectifying the fault
by using Fusion type Optical fibre Splicing.
OBSERVATIONS:
1. Practical observations of optical fibre Splicing and testing.
2. Settings and operation of testing instruments
[39]
PRACTICAL:

Configuration of remote equipment in
Network Management System Software
Project Code:
OFC/05

The current trend in telecommunications equipment is to monitor all the geographically
separated elements from a central location. This feature has helped operators and network
administrators to keep track of traffic variations, flexibility in the customer demands as well as
creation and deletion of elements dynamically.

Network management systems are the key feature of SDH technology. Under the scope of this
project, student will learn
Creation of new Network Element in the software.
Deletion of old or defunct Network Element in the software.
Interconnection of remotely located NE with host or hub station.
Monitoring of the performance parameters of all the connected NEs though NMS.
Visual observation of status of each card in the remote stationed NEs.
How the protection is working in SDH systems.
Synchronization status monitoring.
PRACTICAL SET UP:
Typical schematic diagram is given in the next page:
There is a LAN port in all the SDH equipment irrespective of its capacity. From this port an RJ45 connectors of reverse wiring with LAN cable is used to connect the computer or laptop
whichever is to be utilized as NMS. NMS software is to be loaded in the computer before
commencement of the practical.
[40]

There is an IP address in each of the SDH equipment/ network element. This is called NE
address. With the help of this NE address particular network element is accessed in the NMS
software. Once the element is accessed then it becomes part of the SDH network in the NMS
and one can see performance parameters and card health status of the newly added.
SKILL SET:
i.
Understand functionalities of SDH interconnections
ii.
Operate Local Craft Terminal independently thereby he can monitor remote stations
alarms and card health.
iii.
Dynamically manage the traffic in remote station, that is , he can increase or decrease
the bandwidth at a particular port of the remote station without manually going there.
iv.
Understand the SDH rings and its inherent features of protection of traffic during the fault
in one route.
Create and delete a Network element by using the master password.
v.
With the help of this project, the confidence level of student will be increased to the extent that
he can manage large transmission network from centralized station.
[41]

Configuration of Network Elements
in 10G DWDM system
Project Code:
OFC/06

Dense wave division multiplexing is the latest in transmission technology. This method optimally
utilizes the capacity of silica fiber to the fullest extent. DWDM allows separate wavelength to
carry information without interfering each other.
Understanding the concept of DWDM.
Understand the functions of transponder.
Understand the concept of optical multiplexor unit.
Understand the deployment of EDFA optical amplifier in different configuration.
Understand the function of Fiber Interface Unit.
Role of dispersion compensation management.
Study of Optical Add drop multiplexor.
PRACTICAL SET UP:

In the practical setup as above, a LAN cable is
connected from network management card from one
of the DWDM subrack. This cable is connected to
Desk top or laptop. The desk top or laptop should be
loaded
with
NMC
software
before
the
commencement of the practical. With the help of the
connections, it is possible to measure status of
different elements connected in the DWDM network.
SKILL SET:
After completion of this project, student will be able to

i.
ii.
iii.
Identify the role of different components in DWDM system.

Operate DWDM network management system independently.
Create and configure attributes to different network elements.
iv.
Observe the status of performance parameters of the connected network elements.
[42]

FTTH, GPON equipments Central
Office Terminals configuration
Project Code:
OFC/07

FTTH or Fibre to The Home is the system, based on fiber in the access network for providing a
subscriber, number of good quality services (with no limitation on BW practically) on a totally
managed system.
Passive Optical Network (PON) is essentially a cost effective optical fiber based access system
for providing triple play (voice, video & data) services to both business and residential
customers. The basic elements in any PON system are:
OLT: A Central Office (CO) equipment providing PON with the various network interfaces
ONU/ONT: An External Plant / Customer Premises equipment providing user interface for
many/single customer
PON: distributed or single staged passive optical splitters/combiners providing connectivity
between OLT & multiple ONU/ONTs through one or two optical fibers
NMS: Management of the complete PON system from OLT.
This project involves practical familiarization to Huaweis MA5680T GPON FTTH Equipment
and configuration of OLT for providing Triple-play services to the subscriber.
PRACTICAL SET UP:
[43]

Practical Configuration of Huaweis MA5680T GPON FTTH Equipment, defining paths to
connect to the upper layer network and bandwidth and ONT profile.
SKILL SET:
1. Student is able to plan the equipment according the demand of the bandwidth.
2. Student is able to understand the basic concept of Fiber to the home technology.
3. Student is able to understand the role of passive elements and their vital role in FTTH
technology.
4. Student is able to configure the central office terminal of the FTTH network.
[44]

FTTH, GPON equipments Customer
Premise Equipments configuration
Project Code:
OFC/08

FTTH or Fiber to the Home is the system, based on fiber in the access network for providing a
subscriber, number of good quality services (with no limitation on BW practically) on a totally
managed system.
Passive Optical Network (PON) is essentially a cost effective optical fiber based access system
for providing triple play (voice, video & data) services to both business and residential
customers. The basic elements in any PON system are:
OLT: A Central Office (CO) equipment providing PON with the various network interfaces
ONU/ONT: An External Plant / Customer Premises equipment providing user interface for
many/single customer
PON: distributed or single staged passive optical splitters/combiners providing connectivity
between OLT & multiple ONU/ONTs through one or two optical fibers
NMS: Management of the complete PON system from OLT.
This project involves practical familiarization to Huaweis HG850a GPONs Customer Premise
Equipment and configuration.
Practical Configuration at GPON OLT Equipment, adding ONT and performing configuration for
traffic flow.
[45]
PRACTICAL SET UP:

SKILL SET:
1. Student is able to carry out configuration of customer premise equipment.
2. Student is able to understand the operation and maintenance of FTTH system.
3. Student is able to understand the role of splitters in the FTTH network.
4. Student is able to understand the relationship between bandwidth and distance of the
fiber.
[46]

Ribbon Fiber
Project Code:
OFC/09

This project on Ribbon Fiber is to

architecture.
create the awareness about the high Fibre count
Explain Colour Coding & Identification of ribbon fiber.
This project gives the complete details about the component of Ribbon Fiber.
In this project the student will have the exposure of Ribbon Fiber.
In this project the student will have the Knowledge of

Installation.
Cable Handling during
PRACTICAL SET UP:

Ribbon Cable:
All the 12 coloured fibres are held in the form of a ribbon by UV cured acryl ate matrix.
The encapsulate material is easily removable from the fibers either with industries
commercial tool or by peeling the material away from the fiber.
Supplier Sterlite Optical Technologies, ARM/ ICOMM cables
Metal free ribbon type OF cable
TEC Spec G/OFC-05/01 July 2000 with Amnd No 18.2
Physical length 2063 meter : OTDR length :2076 meter
IOR 1.467
Cable Diameter 18 mm ( TEC Spec for PLB pipe is 33 mm inner Diameter Maximum for
cable blowing)
Fiber Colour Coding
Identification Marking
The entire length of ribbon is marked by ink jet printer in black at regular intervals of 200
mm 1 RIBBON 1 & 2 RIBBON 2
SKILL SET:
Identify the role of different components in Ribbon fiber
Identify the Colour Coding & Identification of ribbon fiber
Identify the Precaution of Cable Handling during Installation.
[47]
Colour Coding & Identification:

Advantages of Ribbon OFC over
Conventional OFC & Ribbon Fiber
Splicing
Project Code:
OFC/10

This project on Advantages of Ribbon OFC cable over Conventional OFC cable
Explain Basic Operation of Ribbon Fiber Splicing
PRACTICAL SET UP:
Ribbon Fiber Splicing
Basic Operation
o
o
Inserting Power Supply into Splicer

Turning splicer "ON"
o
o
Setting sleeve centering device

Cleaning optical fiber-
o
o
Placing protection sleeve over fiber ribbon

Setting fiber in fiber holder
o
o
Stripping and cleaning fiber

Fiber Cleaving
o
o
Loading fibers into the splicer

Splicing procedure
o
o
Removing spliced fiber

Transferring fiber to the tube heater
Heating protection sleeve
SKILL SET:
Know the Advantages of Ribbon OFC cable over Conventional OFC cable
Know the different steps of the Splicing of ribbon fibre.
[48]
Telecom Switching Project

Design and Implementation of NGN
(A future communication system over IP)
Project Code:
TSW/01
INTRODUCTION:
The current generation telecom network, used for voice communication and popularly known
as PSTN, is mainly circuit switching based network. It is organized in a hierarchical manner viz.
LevelI TAX exchanges, Level-II exchanges and then tandem/local exchanges.
The PSTN network is mainly optimized for voice calls and not much suited for data services. We
have a separate network for data services.
The use of data services is increasing day-by-day manifolds. Today the world over trend is for a
single converged network used for all type of services viz. voice, data, video which is called
Next Generation Network and is a packet switching based network.
WHY NGN?
The NGN concept takes into consideration new realities in the telecommunication industry
characterized by factors such as: the need to converge and optimize the operating networks
and the extraordinary expansion of digital traffic i.e., increasing demand for new multimedia
services, increasing demand for mobility, etc. The customers demand for new services is
increasing and that too at less cost. Therefore there is a need for a network which has a
capability to develop services and able to extend it to the end user independent of the other part
of the network. This is achieved through the concept of NGN.
The other reasons why we should evolve our existing network to NGN are that the existing
Slow to develop new features and capabilities.
Expensive upgrades and operating expenses.
Proprietary vendor troubles.
Large power and cooling requirements.
Limited migration strategy to new technology & Model obsolescence.
To change over from current generation network to next generation network we have to move in
a step-by-step manner to safeguard our existing network infrastructure and investment and
therefore we have to follow an evolutionary path.
OBJECTIVE:
Deployment of Next Generation Network (NGN) in current generation network (Legacy TDM
network).
[49]
circuit switched networks have following problems:

D ESIGN OF NEXT GENERATION N ETWORK
A Next Generation Network (NGN) i.e. a packet-based network is able to provide
Telecommunication Services to users and able to make use of multiple broadband, QoSenabled transport technologies and in which service-related functions are independent of the
underlying transport-related technologies. It enables unfettered access for users to networks
and to competing service providers and services of their choice. It supports generalized mobility
which will allow consistent and ubiquitous provision of services to users.
PRACTICAL SET UP
Next Generation Network elements and Legacy Network (TDM technology) elements.
The following block diagram depicts the Design of NGN:
SKILL SET
After Completion of this Project the participants will be able to:
Learn the role of various NGN network elements.
Design the NGN networks elements hierarchy.
Learn how to deploy the NGN elements in telecom network.
[50]

Next Generation Signalling &
Signalling Network
Project Code:
TSW/02
INTRODUCTION
SIP is an application layer protocol in an IP network. It is part of the multimedia architecture
whose protocols are continuously being standardized by the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF). Its applications include, but are not limited to voice, video, gaming, messaging, call
control and presence.
Due to its simplicity and extensibility, SIP was
adopted as a Voice Over Internet Protocol
(VoIP) signaling protocol, finally becoming an IETF- proposed standard in 1999 as {RFC2543}.
SIP was further enhanced to take into account interoperability issues, better design and new
features.
OBJECTIVE:
Configuration of Signalling Protocols in Next Generation Network (NGN) Class-4 elements like
SS and MGW.
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
SIP protocol is used for establishing, modifying and terminating multimedia sessions in an IP
network.
SIP, as part of the IETF process, is based on the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and the
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). Figure 1. shows where SIP fits into a protocol
stack.
SIP was created with the following design goals in mind:
Transport protocol neutrality able to run over reliable (TCP, SCTP) and unreliable (UDP)
Request routing direct (performance) or proxy-routed (control).
Separation of signaling and media description can add new applications or media.
Extensibility and personal mobility.

protocols.
PRACTICAL SETUP:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Soft Switch
TMGW
SGW
AS
[51]
SKILL SET UP:

After Completion of this Project the participants will be able to:
Know about various signaling protocols available between various NGN elements.
Configure various signaling method like SIP in NGN node like Soft Switch and Media
Gateway.
[52]

Next Generation Transit Network
Project Code:
TSW/03
INTRODUCTION:
Central to the NGN architecture is the Soft Switch, which is a call server that allows multiple
application services to run concurrently. The multi-service gateway facilitates Voice, Video and
Data services to be accessed by the customer via the feature rich edge. Typical features
include Layer-2 and Layer-3 VPN services, MPLS services, Firewall services and Network
Address Translation (NAT) services. The position of the Soft Switch, Service Gateways and
Application Servers providing Multiple Services in NGN environment is shown in Figure
The NGN Architecture consists of several basic components The Soft Switch, Application
Servers, Media Servers, Network Gateways and Access Gateways with the IP-MPLS Packet
Router Network providing the transport layer. The block schematic of NGN components and
usage of key protocols are also shown in Figure1.
The Soft Switch is shown at the centre. The SIP signaling server provides signaling interface
to IP End points in a Broadband environment. The Application and Media servers work in
conjunction with the Soft Switch to deliver the specific application and the media related
functions (such as an IVRS module) to the customer.
The NGN network is interconnected to the PSTN network through Media Gateways, which are
controlled by the Soft Switch. The capability to interconnect the soft switches with other soft
switches either in ones own network or in any other Service Providers network is done through
Network Gateways.
OBJECTIVE:
Implementation of NGN Based network with respect to transit node i.e. IP-TAX.
PRACTICAL SET UP:

3. SGW
4. AS
5. Connectivity links between EWSD exchange, IP-TAX and SSTP equipment, Nokia 2G
Mobile, Ericsson 3G Mobile exchange.
[53]
1. Soft Switch
2. TMGW
NGN Architecture with Transit Scenario
SKILL
SET:
After completion of this project the participants will be able to:

Configure Media Gateway in transit manner.
Trace massages during configuration of Media Gateway as a IP-TAX and its various
Hardware (PCBs).
[54]

Class-5 (IMS Based) NGN Network
Project Code:
TSW/04
INTRODUCTION
Next Generation Network and is a packet switching based network. IP Multimedia System(IMS)
is a functional architecture for multi-media service delivery over Internet Protocols. IMS is a
global, access-independent and standard-based IP connectivity and service control architecture
that enables various types of multimedia services to end-users using common Internet-based
protocols.
IMS will provide a transition for all telecommunication traffic to converge into IP.
DESIGN AND C OMPONENTS OF IMS

CSCF (Call Session Control Function): It provides the registration of the endpoints and routing
of the SIP signalling messages to the appropriate application server. The CSCF inter-works with
the transport and endpoint layer to guarantee QoS across all services. It uses the SIP protocol
for call control.
Proxy CSCF (P-CSCF)
Interrogating CSCF (I-CSCF)
Serving CSCF (S-CSCF)
IMS based Class-5 NGN will provide the subscriber base solution in access layer by deploying
the LMG in access layers and will further be controlled by single core control element by CSCF.
OBJECTIVE:
This project involves implementation of IMS based Class-5 network as a migration strategy from
existing legacy (TDM) network to Next Generation Network (NGN).
PRACTICAL SET UP:
IMS Architecture
[55]

SKILL SET:
Know the IP Multimedia System(IMS) architecture and its various elements.
Take practical message during configuration of Line Media Gateway as Class-5 NGN.
[56]

Design of C-DoT MAX NG (LAG)
Network
Project Code:
TSW/05
INTRODUCTION:
The current generation telecom network used for voice communication, popularly known as
PSTN is mainly circuit switching based network. It is organized into an hierarchical manner viz.
Level I TAX exchanges, Level-II exchanges and then tandem/local exchanges. The PSTN
network is mainly optimized for voice calls and not much suited for data services. We have a
separate network for data services.
Next Generation Network and is a packet switching based network.
C-DoT MAX NG provides the Class-5 NGN in ALL IP Configuration with following benefits:
Consolidation of Data and Voice-Converged Services & Networks.
Less Infrastructure cost in installation & expansion.
Better enhanced services such as Video calling, CENTREX, Multilingual announcements
Distributed architecture & Centralized Control
More calls with less bandwidth is the beauty of this system.
OBJECTIVE:
This project involves implementation of C-DoT MAX NG (Class-5 NGN) as a migration strategy
from existing indigenous C-DoT network to Next Generation Network (NGN).
PRACTICAL SETUP:
SKILL SET:
Know the architecture of Class- 5 NGN and its various elements.
Configure Line Access Gateway(LAG).
Trace various messages during the configuration.
[57]

Design of PSTN Setup and Call flow
in EWSD Switching System
Project Code:
TSW/06
INTRODUCTION:
The public switched telephone network (PSTN) is the network of the world's public circuitswitched telephone networks. It consists of telephone lines, fiber optic cables, microwave
transmission links, cellular networks, communications satellites, and undersea telephone
cables, all inter-connected by switching centers, thus allowing any telephone in the world to
communicate with any other. Originally a network of fixed-line analog telephone systems, the
PSTN is now almost entirely digital in its core and includes mobile as well as fixed telephones.
The technical operation of the PSTN utilizes standards created by the ITU-T. These standards
allow different networks in different countries to interconnect seamlessly. There is also a single
global address space for telephone numbers based on the E.163 andE.164 standards. The
combination of the interconnected networks and the single numbering plan make it possible for
any phone in the world to dial any other phone.
N ETWORK TOPOLOGY:
The PSTN network architecture had to evolve over the years to support increasing number of
subscribers, calls, connections to other countries, direct dialing and so on. The model
developed by the US and Canada was adopted by other nations, with adaptations for local
markets. The original concept was that the telephone exchanges are arranged into hierarchies,
so that if a call cannot be handled in a local cluster, it is passed to one higher up for onward
routing. This reduced the number of connecting trunks required between operators over long
distances and also kept local traffic separate. However, in modern networks the cost of
transmission and equipment is lower and, although hierarchies still exist, they are much flatter,
with perhaps only two layers. Most automated telephone exchanges now use digital switching
rather than mechanical or analog switching. The trunks connecting the exchanges are also
digital, called circuits or channels. However analog two-wire circuits are still used to connect the
last mile from the exchange to the telephone in the home i.e. customer premise (also called the
local loop).
To carry a typical phone call from a calling party to a called party, the analog audio signal is
digitized at an 8 kHz sample rate with 8-bit resolution using a special type of non-linear pulse
code modulation known as G.711. The call is then transmitted from one end to another via
telephone exchanges. The call is switched using a call set up protocol (usually ISUP) between
the telephone exchanges under an overall routing strategy.
PSTN
HIERACHICAL TAX N ETWORK:
Local Exchanges Level-II TAX Level-I TAX
[58]

Most of PSTN switches are based on TDM technology and EWSD switching system which also
works on TDM technology is used for local as well as TAX applications.
OBJECTIVE:
This project involves design and implementation of PSTN network setup using EWSD switching
system and simulation of call flow scenarios i.e. local and trunk call. In this project we may show
two exchanges virtually in the same exchange environment for better understanding of the call
process and this process is very useful for finding the call failures reasons.
PRACTICAL SETUP:
This project will be executed on NT Digital Switching System i.e. EWSD as shown in the
diagram below:
SKILL SET:
Design the PSTN network set up in telecom.
Simulate call flow scenario on EWSD switching system.
After completion of this project the student will be able to:
[59]

Project Code:
Design and Implementation of PABX
& CENTREX on EWSD Switching System. TSW/07
INTRODUCTION:
PABX (Private Automatic Branch Exchange) is a like parallel exchange used for private purpose
from the existing public telephone exchange. This feature allows automatic selection of a free
line from a group of lines, on receipt of a call to main number (principle directory number, PDN).
This facility is useful for call to inquiry services like the Railways, Airlines, Customer care
services, Taxi-cab services etc. where the group of line is connected to PBX at the other end.
CENTREX (Closed User Group) is used to provide a virtual PABX for a group of subscribers. A
Centrex can have landline PSTN subscribers of one exchange as it members. This Centrex
facility is useful for forming group and within the group they can call without any changes like
extension numbers in a office, numbers in an apartment etc.
O BJECTIVE:
This project involves design and implementation of PABX e.g. abc (the name of PABX), CUG
subscribers through CENTREX feature in EWSD switching system. We also propose the
simulation of PABX and CUG creation with features.
PRACTICAL SETUP:
diagram below:
SKILL SET:
After completion of this project student will be able to:
Design and implement PABX features on EWSD switching system
Design and implement CENTREX feature on EWSD switching system
Simulate results of PABX and CENTREX features.
[60]

Design of Subscriber and Trunk
Provisioning on EWSD Switch
Project Code:
TSW/08
INTRODUCTION:
Subscriber is the end user who subscribes for the telecom service from the telecom service
provider and trunk is the junction to connect two nodes in the telecom network to establish and
provide support for long distance calls like STD, ISD calls etc and Telecom Switch is node in the
network provides switching of two subscribers one is calling subscriber and the other is called
subscriber.
OBJECTIVE:
This project involves design and implementation of subscriber and trunk provisions with different
facilities like hotline, alarm facility, dynamic lock etc., on EWSD Main Exchanges and also
simulation of the results of these activities in this project.
The subscriber includes Analog as well as Digital type of subscribers using ISUP.
The trunk provisioning includes different types of signalling e.g. CAS MFC R2 and CCS#7 used
for setting up/ release of calls.
PRACTICAL SETUP:
diagram below:
SKILL SET:
After completion of this project the student will be able to:
Design and implement various analog / digital subscriber facilities/features.
Provision trunks in EWSD Exchange.
Simulation of the results for both subscriber & trunk .
[61]

Design and Implementation of SS#7
on EWSD Switching Platform
Project Code:
TSW/09
INTRODUCTION
A telecommunication network establishes and realizes temporary connections, in accordance
with the instructions and information received from subscriber lines and inter exchange trunks,
in form of various signals. Therefore, it is necessary to interchange information between an
exchange and it external environment i.e. between subscriber lines and exchange, and between
different exchanges. Though these signals may differ widely in their implementation they are
collectively known as telephone signals. A signaling system uses a language, which enables
two switching equipments to converse for the purpose of setting up calls. Like any other
language it possesses a vocabulary of varying size and varying precision, i.e., a list of signals,
which may also vary in size and syntax in the form of a complex set of rules governing the
assembly of these signals.
EXISTING SYSTEM:
Existing digital signalling is based on CAS (Channel Associated Signalling), it works like a
normal PCM. i.e. Signaling and speech are associated with each other and both are going in the
same path as a PCM frame, which contains 32 Time slots, out of which TS-16 is reserved for
signalling.
Disadvantage of existing CAS system:
1. Wastage of signaling time slot
2. No global standards
3. Not suitable for packet based services like video conferencing, VOIP etc.
N EW SIGNALING SYSTEM:
The ITU has, specified the common channel signalling system no.7 (SS#7). SS#7 is optimized
for application in digital networks. It is characterized by the following features:
Internationally standardized (national variations possible).
Suitable for the national, international and intercontinental network level.
Suitable for various communication services such as telephony, text services, data
services digital network (ISDN).
[62]
High performance and flexibility along with a future-oriented concept, which will meet
new requirements.
o
o
High reliability for message transfer.

Processor-friendly structure of messages (signal units of multiples of 8 bits).
Signaling on separate signaling links; the bit rate of the circuits is, therefore,
exclusively for communication.
Signaling links always available, even during existing calls.

o
Use of the signaling links for transferring user data also.
Used on various transmission media

- Cable (copper, optical fibre)

o
o
o
- Radio relay
- Satellite (up to 2 satellite links)
Use of the transfer rate of 64 Kbit/s typical in digital networks.

Used also for lower bit rates and for analog signaling links if necessary.
Automatic supervision and control of the signaling network
OBJECTIVE:
In this project we establish SS7 signalling. It is more efficient signaling system than previous
signaling schemes and analyze its detailed layer architecture compared to OSI 7 layer format
and understand the different terminology used is SS7 network like SP, SPC, LS, LSB etc., and
finally we will implement SS7 configuration in EWSD switching system with CCNC / SSNC.
PRACTICAL SETUP:
diagram below:
SKILL SET:
After completion of this project student will be able to:
Configure SS7 network in EWSD switching system.
Verify various routes and Trunk groups.
Verify the communication between different exchanges.
[63]

Project Code:
Design a network for understanding
TSW/10
importance of separate signaling
network in various scenarios of call setup - Land
Line to Land Line
INTRODUCTION:
A nos. of applications is possible with SS7 e.g. Short Message Service and Location Update
messages in GSM world. As the size of the network grew, it become more and more difficult to
manage the direct SS7 links between the switches and from switches to other network elements
HLR, SMSC, SCPs etc.).The introduction of Standalone Signal Transfer Point (SSTP) was a
historic step from that perspective. It immediately solved issues related to the complexity by
converting the mesh networks into the star networks. It was also able to handle the signaling
very efficiently. This capability also offloaded some of the processing power required for on the
L-1 TAX and all switches could breathe easier.
The SSTP suddenly became the vantage point in the network because of the simple reason that
the signalling protocol was common i.e. SS7, independent of the technology and the access. Be
it GSM, CDMA Wireless watch connectivity was based on SS7 with different application parts
(MAP, INAP etc.) hence the STPs are actually a centralized routing database and not a
transmission system for SS7 packet.
As the subscribers are growing, the number of nodes involved in the routing is also increasing
exponentially. If the management of increase accordingly, which also mean the increased
chances of error and hence loosing the revenue. The SSTP, enabling the uniform signalling in
SS7 domain, provide a single routing database, managed centrally. This routing database is
able to make the routing decision based on the destination point codes (DPC) global title
translation (GTT) routing keys and in the future URI. This is the only new switches or by the
regional architectural changes.
SSTP handle messages of the non call related efficiently. These messages exist in all the
technology and may not be needed to be hand by a switch. Many times these will actually
involve multiple technologies and in absence of the uniform signalling layer, the complexity
increase many fold. Example a simple service like SMS, a CDMA subscriber may send the
message to a GSM subscriber that could go through the long distance network. This involves
three different networks and three technologies. However one thing is common, which is
signalling as the transport to carry this.
When any mobile subscriber of private operator roams to other SA, the signaling traffic or SMS
are being handled by signaling channel of BSNL taken by private operator against the POI.
BSNL was not able to measure the traffic and not known about kind of signaling traffic. To
[64]

measure and know type of signaling traffic SSTP was planned and installed, so that billing to
private operators can be done.
OBJECTIVE:
This project involves design and implementation of SSTP network and understanding the role of
signalling in a call from Land Line to Land Line network e.g. a call from EWSD (Siemens
telephone exchange) to another EWSD with signalling via separate signalling network.
NETWORK TOPOLOGY:
Keeping the above scenario in mind BSNL came out with the tender to supply SSTPs all over
India to create a separate signalling network. Following were the main objectives:1. Regulate, measure, and account for inter-network traffic including SMS messages from
mobile networks and PSTN and GSM network.

2. Achieve e flexibility and transparency in BSNLs wireless & wireless networks.
3. Optimal expansion of GSM & CDMA network of BSNL
4. Introduction of new services.
PRACTICAL SET-UP:
EWSD Exchange
SSTP Training model node
IP-TAX
Connectivity links between EWSD exchange, IP-TAX and SSTP equipment
[65]
SKILL SET:
After completion of the project, the participants will be able to:
Understand the connectivity of the equipments of EWSD
Understand the working of the different exchanges.
To check out the speech and signalling flow in the network
[66]

Project Code:
TSW/11
network in various scenarios of call setup Land Line exchange to Nokia 2G GSM Mobile
INTRODUCTION:
HLR, SMSC, SCPs etc.).The introduction of Standalone Signal Transfer Point (SSTP) was a
[67]

O BJECTIVE:
signalling in a call from Land Line to Mobile network e.g. a call from EWSD (Siemens
telephone exchange) to GSM Nokia 2G mobile exchange with signalling via separate
signalling network.
N ETWORK TOPOLOGY:
India to create a separate signalling network. Following were the main objectives:
Regulate, measure, and account for inter-network traffic including SMS messages from
Achieve e flexibility and transparency in BSNLs wireless & wireless networks.
Optimal expansion of GSM & CDMA network of BSNL
Introduction of new services.
PRACTICAL SET-UP:
1. EWSD Exchange
2. Nokia GSM 2G Equipment
3. IP-TAX
4. SSTP Training model node
5. Connectivity links between EWSD exchange, Nokia 2G GSM , IP-TAX and SSTP
equipment
[68]
SKILL SET:
Understand the connectivity of the equipments within EWSD exchange.
Understand the working of the different exchanges.
To check out the speech and signalling flow in the network between Landline to Mobile
call.
[69]

Project Code:
TSW/12
network in various scenarios of call setup Nokia 2G GSM to Ericsson 3G mobile network
INTRODUCTION:
HLR, SMSC,SCPs etc.).The introduction of Standalone Signal Transfer Point (SSTP) was a
[70]

OBJECTIVE:
signalling in a call from Mobile to Mobile network e.g. A call from Nokia 2G GSM to Ericsson
3G with signalling via SSTP (separate signalling network).
NETWORK TOPOLOGY:
India to create a separate signalling network. Following were the main objectives:Regulate, measure, and account for inter-network traffic including SMS messages from
Achieve e flexibility and transparency in BSNLs wireless & wireless networks.
Optimal expansion of GSM & CDMA network of BSNL
Introduction of new services.
PRACTICAL SET-UP:
Nokia 2G GSM Equipment
Ericsson 3G GSM Equipment
SSTP training model node
IP-TAX training model node
Connectivity links between Nokia 2G GSM, Ericsson 3G GSM and SSTP equipment
[71]
SKILL SET:
Understand the connectivity of the equipments
Understand the working of the different exchanges
To check out the speech and signalling flow in the network for different calls between
two mobile switching centres.
[72]

Mobile Number Portability in
telecom network and role of SSTP in
its implementation.
Project Code:
TSW/13
INTRODUCTION:
Mobile Number Portability (MNP) is a telecom service offered to mobile users to choose his/her
service provider for getting better quality of service. Here the user identification number will
remain same and the background service provider will be changed as per the choice of the
user.
There are two ways for MNP implementation
Non-Integrated NP Solution
SSTPs Integrated NP Solution: In this way of implementation, the SSTPs of the network were
upgraded to act as a database server for keeping the users operator record.
OBJECTIVE:
This project involves design and implementation of SSTP in telecom network for providing
Mobile Number Portability service to the users.
SSTP REQUIREMENTS FOR MNP:

Connectivity
All BSNL Network Elements e.g. SMSCs, INs, HLRs, MSCs to be connected to the
SSTP.
In case of circle STP/SGW already existing, these should be directly connected to the
SSTPs so that directly or indirectly all the SS7 elements are connected via SSTP.
All GSM & CDMA MAP traffic to be routed via the SSTP, including SGSN and GGSN.
All PSTN traffic to be connected to SSTP via Level-1/Level-2 TAX.
Number of links to SSTP need to be increased to cater to Direct Call routing method
Originating network has to query the NPDB.
B links between SSTPs to be also increased.
NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
Each SSTP will have NPDB for the routing purposes.
SSTP architecture to be modified for efficient call routing.
CALL FLOWS
SSTP is capable of handling different variations of call flows and requirements from the protocol
perspective.
[73]
Signaling Impact increase

Query method and parameters to finalize with the vendors, based on their capabilities and
network flexibility.
PRACTICAL SET-UP:
Nokia GSM 2G Equipment
Ericsson 3G GSM Equipment
SSTP Training model node
Connectivity links between GSM 2G, Ericsson 3G GSM and SSTP equipment
SKILL SET:
Understand the connectivity of the equipments.
Understand the working of the different mobile exchanges.
To check out the speech and signalling flow in the network for different calls between
two mobile switching centres.
Understand
how
the
Mobile
Number
Portability
(MNP)
service
works.
[74]
Telecom Civil Projects

Rain Water Harvesting
Project Code:
TC/01
INTRODUCTION:
Rainwater harvesting is a technology used for collecting and storing rainwater from rooftops, the
land surface in underground tanks as well as recharging the underground water sources. It
basically includes three principal components; namely, the catchment area, the collection
device, and the conveyance system.
WHY RWH:
Drinking water is becoming scarcer day-by-day. Rainwater is the purest form of water, that can
be used for drinking without a long go method of treatment. Therefore, It's a shame to let runoff
go waste. RWH system certainly will be a important field of civil engineering in time to
come.
OBJECTIVE:
To educate young engineers about the importance of storage of rain water and develop skill for
planning, design and execution of Rain Water Harvesting systems.
PRACTICAL SET-UP:
Overview on RWH
Different systems of RWH
Design Methods of RWH Systems
Audio/Visual/Field Show
Case Study/Mini Project
SKILL SET:
After successful completion of the course, the participant will be able:
To know the importance of Rain Water Harvesting system
To learn the various techniques & technicalities of rainwater harvesting.
To prepare estimate & carryout Rain Water Harvesting works.

[75]

AutoCAD
Project Code:
TC/02
INTRODUCTION:
It is Computer Aided Drafting software. This programme basically includes setting of workspace,
basic/common commands, viewports and priniting.
WHY AUTOCAD:
Drawing is the language of enginners, therefore, for engineers, it is basic to know drawing. It is
the most popular computer aided drafting/drawing programme beneficial to students of
Civil/Architecture. It brings enginering students one leap ahead & paves confidence in them for
easy drawing & its editing whenever required.
OBJECTIVE:
To develop skill of drawing in new engineers with the help of computer aided drawing
software AutoCAD.
PRACTICAL SET-UP:
Overview on Auto CAD
Different drawing tools
Methods of drawing
Hands on Sessions
Mini Project
SKILL SET:
After successful completion of the course, the participant should be able to use AutoCAD to
draw 2-D civil/arch drawings and have an skill edge over the studious knowledge.
[76]

Computer Aided Quantity Survey
(Estimation using ACCO/db-Soft)
Project Code:
TC/03
INTRODUCTION:
Estimation is the primary activity to reveal the cost of construction for further management of
any engineering activity. New engineering graduates may not be acquainted with the actual skill
requirement in the professional field. This course will bring confidence in engineering students
to make estimates of any construction fit based on the latest schedule of rates.
WHY COMPUTER AIDED QUANTITY SURVEY:

Computer Aided Quantity Survey uses estimation software that economises time & provides
window-based ease for preparation of estimates, editing in estimates, market rate analysis,
tender justification, preparation of contractors bill, etc.
OBJECTIVE:
Professional competency development in young graduate engineers for better employability in
the construction market.
PRACTICAL SET-UP:
Overview of the Software
Methods of preparation of estimates, comparative statement, tender evaluation &
MRJ
Method of preparation of bill
Hands on Session
Mini Project
SKILL SET:
After attending the course, the participants will be able to use ACCO/ db-Soft computer software
for preparation of Preliminary / Detailed estimates, comparative statements for tender

evaluation, analyse market rates for tender justification and prepare contractors running bill.
[77]

Building Maintenance
Project Code:
TC/04
INTRODUCTION:
All construction fits are followed by maintenance follow-ups. This course exposes the
participants to the latest practices in building maintenance. After the completion of this Course
participants will be able to understand maintenance problems of buildings in a better
perspective and can develop an organization and information system for better building
maintenance and inventory control. It also includes the financial aspects of building
maintenance i.e. factors affecting maintenance cost, quality construction etc.
WHY THE COURSE ON BUILDING MAINTENANCE:

Similar to building construction, maintenance is itself a major field of building operation. Similar
to a doctor, an engineer must know the reason of a problem affecting the building, so that, he
can judiciously make/suggest for its remedy. It is also necessary to plan construction in advance
in such a way that it can avoid/minimise maintenance problem in future.
OBJECTIVE:
To expose fresh engineers to various maitenance problem and to develop knowhow /expertise
in them for proper solution of building maintenance problems.
PRACTICAL SET-UP:
Overview on building Maintenance
Different methods of building maintenance
Problems in building maintenance
Preventive Building Maintenance
Specialized maintenance
Case study/Mini Project
SKILL SET:
The course exposes engineering students to different actual maintenance problems in buildings
and inculcates confidence in them to device ways for their solution. This will provide an edge
skill of building planning with lesser maintenance defects.
[78]

Vaastu
Project Code:
TC/05
INTRODUCTION:
The course deals with basics of Vedic Vaastu and Vaastu from healthy living point of view. The
study of five elements, vaastu purusha, colours, directions, orientation, and desirable location of
buildings from vaastu point of view shall be discussed in the course.
WHY VAASTU:
Knowledge of Vaastu develop skill in an engineer to plan a building for better harmony with
nature. Proper planning allows easy entry, proper aestheic planning, sufficient light and air entry
in a dwelling/office/commecial unit without compromising safety requirement of the building.
OBJECTIVE:
To educate young graduate engineer to plan a building as per he requirement of Vaastu and
make new arrangement for correction of vaastu.
PRACTICAL SET-UP:
Vaastu Overview
Directions and orientations
Location of rooms in House-Vaastu point of view
Mini Project
SKILL SET:
Vaastu is being considered an important present day requirement in the field of construction.
Knowledge of vaastu will certainly serve an add-on quality to an engineer interested to emrace
career in the field of construction.
[79]

STAAD Pro
Project Code:
TC/06
INTRODUCTION:
STAAD Pro software is a computer based structural analysis & design software. This course will
help in analysing & designing an RCC building frame members i.e. columns, beams, etc by
inputting of datas or plotting the frame graphically.
WHY STAAD PRO:

A civil engineer may have career in any one of the building construction field i.e. designing,
construction, maintenance, or a combination of them. Exposure to structural designing
familiarise engineers to the real behaviour of the structure. This knowledge helps engineers to
have proper grip along all the facets of the building activities.
Manual analysis of RCC frames is a difficult task. Further editing in data compels redoing the
entire homework. The computer aided analysis of RCC frames using STAAD Pro alleviates with
such problems. Any editing in earlier data does not bother redoing the entire calculation again &
again.
OBJECTIVE:
The course will develop expertise in using STAAD Pro software package for analysis of building
frames and design of RCC members of buildings.
PRACTICAL SET-UP:
The course covers typical PC-based software packages used for analysis of building frames
and design of RCC members of buildings. The topics included are :
The basics of computer and operating systems, use of STAAD/PRO software
Packages for structural analysis and design of multi-storeyed building frames.
Adequate hands on practice sessions on computer package .
Mini Project
SKILL SET:
After successfully completing the course, the participants will have adequate skills to:
Prepare models of multistoried frames using computer tools
Design data inputs and feed them into a computer system
Obtain and interpret the results of analysis and to carryout design of various elements.
[80]
Antenna Projects
Study and Analysis of Rectangular
Microstrip (Patch) Antenna
Project Code:
SAT/01
INTRODUCTION:
Microstrip antennas are low profile, conformable to planar and nonplanar surfaces, simple and
inexpensive to manufacture using modern printed-circuit technology, mechanically robust when
mounted on rigid surfaces, compatible with MMIC designs, and when the particular patch shape
and mode are selected, they are very versatile in terms of resonant frequency, polarization,
pattern, and impedance. In addition, by adding loads between the patch and the ground plane,
such as pins and varactor diodes, adaptive elements with variable resonant frequency,
impedance, polarization, and pattern can be designed.
Major operational disadvantages of microstrip antennas are their low efficiency, low power, high
Q (sometimes in excess of 100), poor polarization purity, poor scan performance, spurious feed
radiation and very narrow frequency bandwidth, which is typically only a fraction of a percent or
at most a few percent.
Microstrip antennas are also referred to as patch antennas. The radiating elements and the feed
lines are usually photoetched on the dielectric substrate. The radiating patch may be square,
rectangular, thin strip (dipole), circular, elliptical, triangular, or any other configuration.
Simple Rectangular Microstrip Antenna with Microstrip line feed
SKILL SET:
Explain Rectangular Microstrip Antenna and its Basic parameter?
Explain Different feed used in Microstrip Antenna.
Describe analysis models- transmission-line and cavity models.
[81]
Antenna Projects
Study and Analysis of Loaded
Microstrip Antenna (PIFA Antenna)
Project Code:
SAT/02
INTRODUCTION:
Modern communication systems, such as those for satellite links (GPS, vehicular, etc.), for
mobile communication, and for emerging applications, such as wireless local-area networks
(WLANs), often require compact antennas at low cost. Further, due to their lightness, micro strip
antennas are well suited for airborne applications, such as synthetic aperture radar (SAR)
systems and scatter meters. In addition to compactness, the antenna may be required to
provide circular polarization as in satellite links. In some applications, operation at two or more
discrete bands and an arbitrary separation of bands is desired.
All bands may be required to have the same polarization, radiation pattern, and input impedance
characteristics. It may not be possible to achieve these objectives from the basic micro strip
antennas having regular shapes.
The range of applications of micro strip antennas and their performance can be improved
considerably by suitably loading them. The loading of the basic shape (rectangular etc.) was
used to obtain circular polarization, frequency tuning, broad banding, impedance matching,
higher gain, and so on. Therefore, loading in a general way to obtain characteristics such as
size reduction, dual-frequency operation, polarization control, radiation pattern control, and
frequency agility.
A planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) is a post loaded rectangular micro strip antenna fed by a
probe. It is called an inverted-F antenna because the side view of this antenna for air dielectric
resembles the letter F with its face down. This antenna has been suggested for mobile
telephone handsets because of its compactness and low profile.
SKILL SET:
Explain loaded micro strip antenna (PIFA).
Describe the effect of loading on basic parameter of Micro strip Antenna.
[82]
Contact Us:
For further details call at +91 120 2728498
Dr. N.S Dhama, Divisional Engineer +91 9412739311
Mr. AK Jha, Sub Divisional Engineer +91 9412739258
Mr. Rajesh Kumar, Sub Divisional Engineer +91 9412739333
Mr. Pravin Shukla, Junior Telecom Officer +91 9412739272
Email: ns.dhama@gmail.com / sdebd2010@gmail.com
Website: www.alttc.bsnl.co.in

2013 14

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GSM (2G / 3G)

Broadband / IPv6 Network

With Live Telecom Equipment

Advanced Level Telecom Training Centre (ALTTC)

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL)

Govt. of India Enclave, Rajanagar

Left Intentionally Blank

Study of GSM-Nokia equipment Architecture and Functionality

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) Implementation, analysis & troubleshooting

Study and Implementation of Local Area Network

Data Analysis Using MS-Excel

Application Development using PHP and MySQL

Study and Demonstration of CDR System of BSNL

Implementation of VLAN in a Network

Design and Integration of WLAN in a LAN

Implementation of DHCP / DNS in a Network

LAN Chat and File Sharing Application

OFC Network Projects

Implementation of Ethernet Connectivity between two Next Generation Synchronous Digital

Advanced Level Telecom Training Centre (BSNL), Ghaziabad (INDIA)

Project Training @ ALTTC (2013-14)

Computers / Information Technology Projects

Telecom Switching Projects:

Project Training @ ALTTC (2013-14)

Telecom Civil Projects:

Rain Water Harvesting

Computer Aided Quantity Survey (Estimation using ACCO/db-Soft)

Antenna & Waveguides Projects:

Study and Analysis of Rectangular Microstrip (Patch) Antenna

Study and Analysis of Loaded Microstrip Antenna (PIFA Antenna)

Advanced Level Telecom Training Centre (BSNL), Ghaziabad (INDIA)

Mobile GSM Projects

Project Training @ ALTTC (2013-14)

Advanced Level Telecom Training Centre (BSNL), Ghaziabad (INDIA)

Mobile GSM Projects

Project Training @ ALTTC (2013-14)

Advanced Level Telecom Training Centre (BSNL), Ghaziabad (INDIA)

Mobile GSM Projects

Advanced Level Telecom Training Centre (BSNL), Ghaziabad (INDIA)

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Mobile GSM Projects

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Improved data throughput in GPRS and EGPRS

Project Training @ ALTTC (2013-14)

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Mobile GSM Projects

WCDMA - UARFCN, Ec / Io, Active Set, Neighbour Set, Detected Set

Project Training @ ALTTC (2013-14)

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Mobile GSM Projects

Project Training @ ALTTC (2013-14)

Advanced Level Telecom Training Centre (BSNL), Ghaziabad (INDIA)

Mobile GSM Projects

Project Training @ ALTTC (2013-14)

coverage, the lower is the capacity, and vice versa.

Advanced Level Telecom Training Centre (BSNL), Ghaziabad (INDIA)

Mobile GSM Projects

Project Training @ ALTTC (2013-14)

Advanced Level Telecom Training Centre (BSNL), Ghaziabad (INDIA)

Mobile GSM Projects

Advanced Level Telecom Training Centre (BSNL), Ghaziabad (INDIA)

Project Training @ ALTTC (2013-14)

Mobile GSM Projects