DEFINITION OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT:

The science or study of the origin, development, organization

and Functioning of human society is known as Community development or
Sociology.
OR
It is the science of fundamental laws of social relations, institutions etc
It seeks the empowerment of local communities, taken to mean both
geographical communities, communities of interest or identity and communities
organizing around specific themes or policy initiatives. It supports the
establishment of strong communities that control and use assets to promote
social justice and help improve the quality of community life. It also enables
community and public agencies to work together to improve the quality of
government.

SAILENT FEATURES OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT:

Following are the main salient features of Community development:

1) DENSITY OF URBAN AREAS:

Urban density is a term used in urban planning and urban design to refer to the number
of people inhabiting a given urbanized area. As such it is to be distinguished from other
measures of population density. Urban density is considered an important factor in
understanding how cities function. Research related to urban density occurs across
diverse areas, including economics, health, innovation, psychology and geography as
well as sustainability.
Urban density is a very specific measurement of the population of an urbanized area,
excluding non-urban land-uses. Non-urban uses include regional open space,
agriculture and water-bodies.

2) LOCAL ECONOMY:
Local economic development offers local government, the private and not-for-profit
sectors, and local communities the opportunity to work together to improve the local
economy. It focuses on enhancing competitiveness, increasing sustainable growth and
ensuring that growth is inclusive.
It encompasses a range of disciplines including physical planning, economics and
marketing. It also incorporates many local government and private sector functions
including environmental planning, business development, infrastructure provision, real
estate development and finance.

3) SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION :
Sustainable transportation means where everyone has his own conveyance according to
his locality and that does not cause noise pollution.
During the last two decades, sustainability has become the dominant concern of
transportation planners and policymakers. This timely text provides a framework for
developing systems that move people and products efficiently while minimizing damage
to the local and global environment. The book offers a uniquely comprehensive
perspective on the problems surrounding current transportation systems: climate
change, urban air pollution, diminishing petroleum reserves, safety issues, and
congestion. It explores the full range of possible solutions, including applications of
pricing, planning, policy, education, and technology.

4) AFFORDABLE HOUSING:
Housing and Urban Development (HUD) defines affordable housing as that which is
available for 30% or less than a households income this definition is applied loosely
depending on the circumstances and funding entity, or entities, involved in the project.

5) SEWERAGE SYSTEM:
Sewerage system is a system of sewer pipes (sewers) collect sewage and takes it for
treatment or disposal. The Sociology of health and illness or Nutritional influence in
Health and Illness examines the interaction between society and health. The objective of
this topic is to see how social life has an impact on mortality rate and vice versa.
This aspect of sociology differs from medical sociology in that this branch of sociology
discusses health and illness in relation to social institutions such as family, employment,
and school. The sociology of medicine limits its concern to the patient-practitioner
relationship and the role of health professionals in society. The sociology of health and
illness covers sociological pathology (causes of disease and illness), reasons for
seeking particular types of medical aid, and patient compliance or noncompliance with
medical regimes.

6) STORM WATER:
Storm water pollution is the single biggest threat to the health of our waterways.
In high rainfall events, large volumes of water enter rivers and creeks,
transporting sediment, nutrients, toxic chemicals, herbicides, pesticides, oils and
grease, animal waste and sewage overflows. Storm water pollution is more
significant in urban areas, where large areas of paved surfaces result in
increased run-off.

7) LIVABLE COMMUNITIES:
Livability is the sum of the factors that add up to a communitys quality of lifeincluding
the built and natural environments, economic prosperity, social stability and equity,
educational opportunity, and cultural, entertainment and recreation possibilities. While
livability does not always line up with sustainability, it is greatly strengthened when
approached within a sustainable framework that includes environment, equity, and
economy. This alignment of present goals within a sustainable future allows for a
comprehensive and integrated planning framework that can guide development and
investment effectively and efficiently in a manner that meets the vision of both livability
and sustainability.

8) VILLAGE CENTERS:
village life is destroy because people who are live in villages, they are moving
towards cities due which agriculture is also facing as people are not present in
villages. This lack of a social gathering place has a negative effect on
neighborhood life, since people have fewer occasions to meet each other and
build up the network of relationships that creates a true community.
9) THE 3Rs:
The three R's - reduce, reuse and recycle - all help to cut down on the amount of
waste we throw away. They conserve natural resources, landfill space and energy.
Plus, the three R's save land and money communities must use to dispose of
waste in landfills. Sitting a new landfill has become difficult and more expensive
due to environmental regulations and public opposition.