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How to Guide

Flip-flop shooting

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Version History
Date

Revision

TF Version

Author(s)

Oct 2012

Draft A

1.7.12

T. Sanerkin

Dec 2012

Rev 1.1

1.7.18

T. Sanerkin

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Contents
1.

Shot prediction methods ................................................................................................................ 4


1.1

Discrete array prediction (DAP) .............................................................................................. 4

1.2

Gun array mean prediction (GAM) ......................................................................................... 5

2.

Configuration .................................................................................................................................. 6

3.

Gun controller ID and Gun Array Code ........................................................................................... 6

4.

Trigger Options ............................................................................................................................... 7

5.

GAM (Gun Array Mean) .................................................................................................................. 8


5.1

To add a GAM node ................................................................................................................ 8

5.2

Shooting Tasks (flip-flop) ...................................................................................................... 10

5.3

Single sail line ........................................................................................................................ 10

5.4

Discrete source lines ............................................................................................................. 10

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Flip-flop shooting
1.

Shot prediction methods

TriggerFish supports two methods for shot prediction in flip-flop (dual array) mode; discrete array
prediction and gun array mean prediction.

1.1

Discrete array prediction (DAP)

In this mode, each shot is fired according to a prediction made for the next array to fire based on the
solved vectors for that arrays centre (i.e. not based on a vessel layback). This mode will produce the
most accurate shot position for each array with respect to preplot but is subject to inconsistent shot
time interval if the in-line array separation varies significantly from the nominal configuration. In-line
separation may change during the line due to currents and steering effects. The graph below shows
how the minimum inter-shot time will vary with increasing deviation from the nominal geometry. If
seismic record length is long and shooting speed is high, the tolerance to variation in in-line
geometry will be reduced as a seismic record may be talked-over by the following shot.

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1.2

Gun array mean prediction (GAM)

In this mode, the prediction for both arrays is made using the vectors of the solved mid-point
between array centres. The result is a very consistent shot time interval at the expense of shot
accuracy versus preplot, there is no risk of records being talked over, unless the shooting speed is
too high. 4D Source position repeatability may be compromised in this mode as in-line array
geometry may change from survey to survey. In-line error is half the in-line array geometry deviation
as per the graph below.

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2.

Configuration

A second array may be added to the vessel in System Editor by selecting the vessel in the map
window and dragging an array onto it from the vessel editor tools palate. Strings, guns depth and
pressure sensors and GPS nodes may then be dragged onto the array. A quick method of adding a
second array to the vessel is to copy and paste the first array. To copy the array, select it and then
choose copy from the System Editor Edit menu; then from the edit menu select past.

In the Paste Object Changes dialogue, enter the positional offsets for the new item; these dictate
where the new item will be created and the offsets are relative to the item being copied.
Name change n Addon: will increment the item number. In the Gun Array section the Name field
may be updated to provide the array prefix, nn will be replaced by the n Addon: value. Gun
controller ID Addon provides the increment for the gun controller ID. Addon values for the guns,
depth sensors and pressure sensors will provide the item numbers for the new array; for instance if
each array has 24 guns, then the Addon value should be set to 24, this will create a gun number of
25 for the first gun on the new array.

3.

Gun controller ID and Gun Array Code

The gun controller ID value will be used in the array selection message sent to the gun controller in
the arm message; this should match the gun controller internal setting for array number.

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The Gun array code value is used within Triggerfish, for instance, the SPS array code logged will use
this value. Normally these values will be the same.

4.

Trigger Options

Four options are available for firing in flip-flop mode. These are selected in the shooter controller
dialogue. These are selected from the Trigger position drop-down menu.

Source
The shot event is predicted based on the solved array centre. For dual-source (flip-flop) each
array is predicted for individually (if the GAM node box is not ticked).

CMP (only applicable to streamer vessels).


The computed midpoint between the array to fire and the CNG of the streamer is used as
the trigger position.

Vessel Layback
The trigger position is calculated on the layback value entered by the user. The layback is
calculated from the vessel reference position as is based on the vessel track.

Source layback
For each array, the trigger position is based on the defined source layback distance in the
System Editor.

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5.

GAM (Gun Array Mean)

This mode works in combination with the trigger position; it is only applicable to the dual source
(flip-flop) operation. For this option to function a GAM node must be defined on one (only) of the
gun arrays.

5.1

To add a GAM node

In system Editor, select a gun array and from the Vessel Editor tools palate drag and drop a Gun
Array Mean item onto the array. The GAM node needs no offset. The name can be changed but the
default should be OK.

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With the GAM node defined, and the Trigger Position in the shooter servlet options set to
Source and Use gun array mean is ticked, the trigger position will be calculated as the mean
array centre position; this can have advantages if the relative in-line positions of the two arrays
changes due to tow geometry or crab-angle; it ensures that time between shots is consistent,
preventing over-lapping of shots in the seismic records. The positional relationship between preplot
and the fired position is, however, compromised as a result and the in-line fired position may not fall
exactly on the preplot.

The GAM node is displayed on the map mid-way between the arrays

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5.2

Shooting Tasks (flip-flop)

Shot tasks may be configured for flip-flop lines using a single sail-line preplot or by defining different
lines for each array.

5.3

Single sail line


If only sail line preplots are available, it is possible to set up the task
using a single line.
In the Location section select the swath and in the Steer field select
Mid-line.
Below the Location section there are two sections for the defined gun
arrays. As only one line is being used, select the same line for each
array. Then using the Begin Shot, End Shot and increment fields
define the shots that will be fired for each array.
Tip: - Select the shot increment first, and then select the Begin Shot
value; the End Shot drop-down will then be automatically filtered to
show only valid values for the last shot.

Tip:- The line name field may be edited

5.4

Discrete source lines

Source SPS files may be used directly in the task set-up, saving the need to produce specific sail-line
preplots. TriggerFish will automatically generate the vessel sail-line as the mid-way line between the
source lines.
In this instance, select the swath and mid-line for the steer field. For
each array, select the appropriate preplot line and shot increment.
The mid-line (sail-line) is automatically generated in TriggerFish.

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