Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Days
getting
shorter
*Days
getting
longer
29
1,200 Km
19
FAO/Rockefeller/Mexican
Government Training Program
Started in late 1960
Young scientists from North
Africa, Near- and Middle-East
In-service training in all the
disciplines
Trainees took HYV semidwarf
seed technology back home
International multi-location
yield nurseries
Mexican Wheat
Seed Shipments
to Asia
1965: 250 tons to Pakistan;
200 tons to India
1966: 18,000 tons to India
1967: 42,000 tons to Pakistan;
21,000 tons to Turkey
1968: Pakistan sends 5,000 tons to
China
Profiles in Courage
Malik Khuda Baskh Bucha
Minister of Agriculture,
Pakistan
C. Subramaniam
Minister of Agriculture,
India
Chinese Leadership
Profiles in Courage
Chou En-Lai
Prime Minister
1949-76
Deng-Xiaoping
Paramount Leader
1978-89
He Kang
Minister of Agriculture
1978-90
Green Revolution:
Changes in Factors of Production in
Developing Countries of Asia
Adoption of
Modern varieties
Wheat
Rice
M ha / % area
1965
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
0 / 0%
14 / 20%
39 / 49%
60 / 70%
70 / 84%
72 / 87%
0 / 0%
15 / 20%
55 / 43%
85 / 65%
100 / 74%
102 / 76%
Irrigation
million ha
94
106
129
158
175
178
Fertilizer
Nutrient
Cereal
Use
Tractors Production
million t millions
million t
5
10
29
54
70
77
0.3
0.5
2.0
3.4
4.8
6.4
368
463
618
858
962
1,017
Source: FAOSTAT, March 2006 and authors estimated on modern variety adoption,
based on CIMMYT and IRRI data.
35
35
Fertilizer
30
25
20
15
10
Organic recycling
Biofixation
Atmospheric
deposition
5
0
1952
60
70
80
90
2000
Netherlands
Vietnam
Japan
United Kingdom
China
France
Brazil
United States
India
Mexico
South Africa
Cuba
Benin
Malawi
Ethiopia
Mal
Burkina Faso
Nigeria
Tanzania
Mozambique
Guinea
Ghana
Uganda
Consumption of
fertilizer
nutrients per
hectare of arable
land in selected
countries, 2002
100
200
300
400
500
600 Kg/ha
Million hectares
1,800
1,400
CEREAL PRODUCTION
1950
650 million tonnes
2000 1,900 million tonnes
LAND
SPARED
1.1 billion ha
1,000
600
LAND USED
660 million ha
200
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
AFRICA
Rainfed
agriculture
Poor transport
infrastructure
Market-driven input
supply and grain
marketing systems
Few production subsidies
Small unmet commercial
market demand
Sasakawa-Global 2000
Mali
Burkina
Faso
Sudan
Guinea
Ghana
Togo
Benin
Nigeria
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Uganda
Tanzania
Active
Concluded
Malawi
Zambia
Mozambique
Started in
1986
Sasakawa-Global 2000
Maize Demonstration Yields
t/ha
6
Demontration Plots
National Average
5
4
3
2
1
0
Opaque-2 genePurdue
University discovery (1963)
high lysine
high tryptophan
Integrate livestock
Add agro-proccessing
Seed
Fertilizer
WATER RESOURCE
DEVELOPMENT
Lack of Infrastructure Is
Killing Africa
Kilometers of paved roads per
million people in selected countries
USA
France
Japan
Zimbabwe
South Africa
Brazil
India
China
Km
20,987
12,673
9,102
1,586
1,402
1,064
1,004
803
Guinea
Ghana
Nigeria
Mozambique
Tanzania
Uganda
Ethiopia
Congo, DR
Km
637
494
230
141
114
94
66
59
AFRICAN
ADULT ILLITERACY
Male
55 million
Female
91 million
TOTAL = 146 million people (40% of all adults)
+ 45 million primary school age children not in
school
Herbicide
Resistance
Nutritional
Quality
Abiotic
Stresses
Bt Cotton
9 million ha worldwide;
2005
Global GMO Crop Coverage
Area
Crops
Million ha
Million ha
USA
49.8
GM Soybean54.4
Argentina
17.1
GM Maize
21.2
Brazil
9.4
GM Cotton
9.8
Canada
5.8
GM Canola 4.6
China
4.3
Paraguay
1.8
India
1.3
South Africa
0.5
13 other countries 1.0
Total: 90 million ha (222 million acres)
Source: ISAAA, 2006
You Cannot
Build Peace on
Empty
Stomachs.
John Boyd Orr
Nobel Peace Laureate
First FAO Director General