ETHNOGRAPHY

There is now a range of texts and collections that are explicitly concerned with ethnography
(in general terms or of a particular kind), see for example:
Atkinson, P. (1990) The Ethnographic Imagination, London, Routledge.
Atkinson, P. (1992) Understanding Ethnographic Texts, Thousand Oaks CA, Sage.
Atkinson, P., Coffey, A., Delamont, S., Lofland, J, and Lofland, L. (eds.) (2001) Handbook of
Ethnography, London, Sage.
Brewer, J. (2000) Ethnography, Buckingham, Open University Press.
Ellen, R. F. (ed.) (1984) Ethnographic Research: a guide to general conduct, London,
Academic Press.
Hammersley, M. (1998) Reading Ethnographic Research, London, Longman.
Hammersley, M. and Atkinson, P. (2007) Ethnography: principles in practice, London,
Routledge. (Third edition).
Hine, C. (2000) Virtual ethnography, London, Sage.
OReilly, K. (2005) Ethnographic Methods, London, Routledge.
Pink, S. (2001) Doing Visual Ethnography: Images, Media, and Representation in Research,
London, Sage.
Taylor, S. (ed.) (2002) Ethnographic Research, London, Sage.
Wolcott, H. F. (1999) Ethnography: a way of seeing, Walnut Creek CA, Altamira.
There are also several journals specifically devoted to ethnography: Ethnography and
Education, Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, and Ethnography. See also International
Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, Qualitative Research, Qualitative Inquiry, and
Qualitative Sociology.
Field research is probably the closest synonym for ethnography, on this see for example:
Burgess, R. G. (ed.) (1982) Field Research: a sourcebook and field manual, London, Allen
and Unwin.
Burgess, R. G. (1984) In the Field: an introduction to field research, London, Allen and
Unwin.
Bailey, C. A. (1996) A Guide to Field Research, Thousand Oaks CA, Pine Forge.
Delamont, S. (2002) Fieldwork, London, Falmer.
Emerson, R. M. (2001) Contemporary Field Research, Second edition, Prospect Heights ILL,
Waveland.
There is also a journal entitled Field Research.

Many of the texts on qualitative methods provide accounts of ethnography, in one way or
another. And many of the journals devoted to qualitative research cover ethnographic work.
On autoethnography, see:
Anderson. L. (2006) Analytic autoethnography, Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 35,
4, pp373-95.
Atkinson, P. (2006) Rescuing autoethnography, Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 35,
4, pp400-404.
Delamont, S. (2007) Arguments against auto-ethnography, Qualitative Researcher, 4,
February, pp2-4. Available at:

http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/socsi/qualiti/qualitative_researcher.html
Ellis, C. and Bochner, A. (eds.) (1990) Composing Ethnography, Walnut Creek CA, Altamira.
Ellis, C. and Bochner, A. (eds.) (2000) Autoethnography, personal narrative, reflexivity, in
Denzin, N. K. and Lincoln, Y. S. (eds.) Handbook of Qualitative Research, Second edition,
Thousand Oaks CA, Sage.
Holman Jones, S. M. (2005) Autoethnography, in Denzin, N. K. and Lincoln, Y. S. (eds.)
Handbook of Qualitative Research, Third edition, Thousand Oaks CA, Sage.
Okely, J. and Gallaway, H. (eds) (1992) Anthropology and Autobiography, ASA Monographs
29, London, Routledge.
Reed-Danahay, D. E. (ed.) (1997) Auto/Ethnography: Rewriting the self and the social,
Oxford, Berg.
Reed-Danahay, D. (2001) Autobiography, intimacy and ethnography, in Atkinson, P.,
Coffey, A., Delamont, S., Lofland, J. and Lofland, L. (eds.) Handbook of Ethnography,
London, Sage.
Stanley, L. (1992) The Auto/Biographical I: Theory and Practice of Feminist Auto/Biography,
Manchester, Manchester University Press.
Stanley, L. (1993) 'On auto/biography in sociology', Sociology, 27, 1:41-52.
On virtual ethnography:
Hine, C. (2000) Virtual Ethnography. London: Sage.
Hine, C. (ed.) (2005) Virtual Methods: issues in social research on the internet, Oxford, Berg.
Mann, C. and Stewart, F. (2000) Internet communication and qualitative research: A
handbook for researching online. Sage.
Markham A. (1998) Life Online: Researching Real Experience in Virtual Space. Walnut
Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
Markham, A. (2004) The internet as research context, in Seale, C., Gobo, G., Gubrium, J.F.
and Silverman, D. (eds) 2004) Qualitative Research Practice, London, Sage.

Markham, A. (2005) The methods, politics, and ethics of representation in online

ethnography, in Denzin, N. K. and Lincoln, Y. S. (eds.) Handbook of Qualitative Research,
Third edition, Thousand Oaks CA, Sage.

Other references
For the work of Becker, see Becker, H. S. (1970) Sociological Work, Chicago, Aldine.
For thick description, see Geertz, C. (1973) The Interpretation of Cultures, New York, Basic
Books.
Glaser, B. G. and Strauss, A. S. (1967) The Discovery of Grounded Theory, Chicago, Aldine.