Bert Uneken, Field Engineering Manager

Ruben Kranenburg, Technical Support

Main Burner

Main Reaction Furnace Design

View ports

Weather shield

LMV Burner

Burner / Furnace
connection

Temp.
Measurement

Weather shield

Residence
time section

Man way

Checker wall
/ Choke ring

WHB
connection

Refractory Lining

dry-out Main burner type155 Natural Gas / excess air

Total air flow x 100 Nm3/hr

120

Total NG flow x 10 Nm3/hr

40 deg /hr

Delta P burner /10 mBarg

100

Temperature x 10 deg C

80

60

40

Time in hr

18,00

17,00

16,00

15,00

13,00

12,00

11,00

10,00

8,00

7,00

6,00

5,00

3,00

2,00

1,00

0,00

22,00

21,00

20,00

19,00

17,00

16,00

15,00

14,00

12,00

11,00

10,00

9,00

7,00

6,00

5,00

4,00

2,00

1,00

0,00

20

Start-up and Dry-out Clean Unit

Open the WHB vent to atmosphere

Refractory Lining

Start-up and Dry-out Clean Unit

Air dry by use of air blower temperature (70C)
Purge system with nitrogen
Start the main burner at 5 to 25 % of max fuel gas load
Burner pressure drop approx 25 mmWC

After ignition: drop fuel gas as low possible / increase

combustion air
After 15 to 30 minutes : stop burner, check temperature curve
(fast rise and drop indicates flue gas temperature)
Follow the temperature curve for dry out - TAKE YOUR TIME
At approx 800C change the ratio to sub-stoichiometric
conditions

Start-up and Dry-out under Sulphur

Conditions
Open the WHB vent to atmosphere
Air dry by use of air blower temperature (70C)
Purge system with nitrogen
Start the main burner 15 to 25% of max fuel gas
load
Use Air / gas ratio at sub stoichiometric conditions.
After ignition drop burner load to minimum of 10
mmWC combustion air pressure.
To moderate temperature use nitrogen or steam.
Follow the temperature curve for dry out.
TAKE YOUR TIME

Tips, Tricks and Troubleshooting

Open the WHB vent to atmosphere (this will drop WHB
outlet temperature and allows to operate with excess air)

In-line burners
Flame colour: Know your gas composition!
Natural Gas (C1) gives a blue-pink salmon colour at substoichiometric conditions
Propane (C3) gives a more blue-yellow flame at substoichiometric conditions
Raise combustion air flow approx 5%: if this results in a
temperature rise of 4 to 8F you are running substoichiometic
Starting the RGG/TGT/SCOT: have all systems running
and prepare extra cooling

Duiker DFD 2 Flame detector

21

The Flame Signal can be split

into the following information:
Radiation

Modulation

Electro Magnetic Radiation

Light (UV, VIS & IR)
2012

Duiker Sulphur
Recovery Unit

22

Mixing Process
Flame Flickering

Duiker DFD 2 Flame detector

T1
Delta

T2

23

Duiker DFD 2 Flame detector

24

Duiker DFD 2 flame detector Data logger

27

Duiker DFD 2 flame detector Data logger

28

Main Burner

LMV Burner Principle

Combustion air

Register

Fuel gas

Pilot burner or ignitor

Acid gas
Acid fuel gas gun

Airnose

Burner Turndown
Burner turndown is determined by the
minimal flow through the burner restriction
P of acid gas + air + (fuel gas) 0,15 kPa

Design capacity is based on max. allowable P of

acid gas and air (Max. 10 kPa).

Oxygen Enrichment
Rich Acid Gas
Air
Rich acid
gas
Fuel
gas

O2

In-line Burners

Overall View - Reheater

Multiple in-line burners with pneumatically retractable ignitors

Incinerator

Tail Gas
Incinerators

SRU tail gas incinerator being commissioned

Mixing

(Typical) Temperature and velocity

profile of incinerator with inlet nozzles

Low NOX Incinerator Burners

Different Flame Scanner Systems

UV scanners

+ Low cost scanner

- Needs shutter system for safe guarding
- Poor or no flame signal with steam injection

IR scanner

+ Low cost scanner

- Poor or no flame signal FG firing

T scanner

+ No influence on steam / nitrogen injection

- High cost scanner

Combination scanner

Radiant Sensitivity (A/W)

How to Detect a Flame?

200
UV-tube

400
GaP without filter

800
600
Wavelength (nm)
GaP with UV-filter

Silicon

Spectral sensitivity range of the scanner

1000

Dos and Donts

Never remove a scanner wit a open ball valve as acid
gas can come out
Checking the sight port for pollution: Exchange the
position of the scanner and a sight glass
Run scanner cables through steel pipe in order to avoid
radiation in the cable (fail-safe self check)
Avoid potential difference in ground systems (welding /
igniting)
Avoid strong radio signals close to the scanner / cable /
amplifier
Avoid temperature rise above 70 deg. C
Check purge flow (min. 10 m3/h) and clean lens systems

Different Types of Thermocouples

Different Types of Thermocouples

Different Types of Pyrometers

Ignition Systems: Pilot Burner

The pilot burner is a small self supporting burner

Gas pressure : 1,0 bar , air pressure 1,2 bar.

Pilot Burner Flames

Ignition Systems: Igniter

Duiker-Durag Unit generates

1500 volts
Unit retracted during operation
Operational life time of the tip
is 14 hours of sparking

Start-up and Dry-out of Clean Unit

Close WHB blow off
Start inline burners. Use same ratio
conditions as found for the main burner
Extra caution you have to rely on
instruments only, use if possible a sacrifice
type K thermocouple to monitor burner
temperature
Take your time

Duiker Field Services

Bright Yellow Sulphur

Thank you for your kind

attention
For more information:
www.duiker.com