Minor Project Me

ABSTRACT
This is a final year Civil project report on Analysis and Design of Multi
Storey (G+5) Residential Building using STAAD.Pro The present project deals
with the analysis of a multi storied residential building of G+5 consisting of 4
flats in each floor. This project is mostly based on software and it is essential to
know the details about these softwares. The softwares used in this project are
STAAD.Pro (v8i) & Auto cad.
The principle objective of this project is to analyze and design a multi-storied
building [G+5] using STAAD.Pro. The design involves load calculations manually and
analyzing the whole structure by STAAD Pro. The design methods used in
STAAD.Pro analysis are Limit State Design conforming to Indian Standard Code
of Practice. STAAD.Pro features a state-of-the-art user interface, visualization
tools, powerful analysis and design engines with advanced finite element and
dynamic analysis capabilities. From model generation, analysis and design to
visualization and result verification, STAAD.Pro is the professionals choice.
STAAD.Pro has a very interactive user interface which allows the users to draw the
frame and input the load values and dimensions. Then according to the specified
criteria assigned it analyses the structure and designs the members with
reinforcement details for RCC frames. We continued with our work with some more
multi-storied frames under various load combinations. Our final work was the proper
analysis and design of a [G + 5] RCC frame under various load combinations.
We considered a RCC frame with the dimensions as per client requirements both in
x-axis and z-axis. The y-axis consisted of G+5 floors. The total numbers of beams in each
floor were 97 and the numbers of columns were 24. The height of each floor is 3m. The
structure was subjected to self weight, dead load, live load, wind load and seismic loads
under the load case details of STAAD.Pro. The wind load values were generated by
STAAD.Pro considering the given wind intensities at different heights and
strictly abiding by the specifications of IS: 875. Seismic load calculations were
done following IS: 1893-2002. The materials were specified and cross-sections of
the beam and column members were assigned. The supports at the base of the
structure were also specified as fixed.
The codes of practice to be followed were also specified for design purpose with
other important details. Then STAAD.Pro was used to analyze the structure and design
the members. In the post-processing mode, after completion of the design, we can work
on the structure and study the bending moment and shear force values with the
generated diagrams. We may also check the deflection of various members under the
given loading combinations. The design of the building is dependent upon the minimum
requirements as prescribed in the Indian Standard Codes.
In order to compete in the ever growing competent market it is very important

for a structural engineer to save time. Complicated and high-rise structures need
very time taking and cumbersome calculations using conventional manual methods.
So, the STAAD.Pro software provides us a fast, efficient, easy to use and accurate
platform for analyzing and designing structures.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of any task
would be incomplete without the mention of people who made it possible and
whose constant guidance and encouragement crown all the efforts with success.
First and foremost, I thank to my project guide Sri. K. Bhanuji Rao, Assistant
Professor, Department of Civil Engineering for giving me an opportunity to work on
this challenging topic and providing me guidance and also I would like to thank our
external project guide Sri. V. Madhusudhana Rao, (VMR Structural Consultancy,
Visakhapatnam) for his tremendous source of inspiration, invaluable guidance,
encouragement and suggestions in completion of our project.
I feel elated to extend my floral gratitude to Smt. G. Himala Kumari,

Senior Assistant Professor and Head of Department of Civil Engineering, for her
encouragement all the way during analysis of the project. Her annotations,
insinuations and criticisms are the key behind the successful completion of doing
the thesis and for providing me all the required facilities.
I would like to take this opportunity to express my profound sense of
gratitude to revered Principal Dr. Joshua V. J. P (M.E) for giving me the
opportunity of doing thesis and for providing me all the required facilities.
I also take this opportunity to express my heartfelt thanks to the teaching and non
teaching staff of the department, for their perspective comments and suggestions.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter No.
Title
Page No.
CERTIFICATE
ABSTRACT
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
vii
LIST OF FIGURES
viii
NOMENCLATURE
INTRODUCTION
01 - 05
1.1
PROJECT AIM
02
1.2
SCOPE
02
1.3
GENERAL
02
1.4
ABOUT THE PROJECT
05
LITERATURE REVIEW
06 - 15
WORKING WITH STAAD-PRO
16 - 24
3.1
INPUT GENERATION
17
3.2
TYPES OF STRUCTURES
17
3.3
GENERATION OF THE STRUCTURE
18
3.4
MATERIAL CONSTANTS
19
3.5
SUPPORTS
19
3.6
LOADS
19
3.7
SECTION TYPES FOR CONCRETE DESIGN
22
3.8
DESIGN PARAMETERS
22
3.9
BEAM DESIGN
23
3.10
COLUMN DESIGN
24
3.11
DESIGN OPERATIONS
25
3.12
GENERAL COMMENTS
25
3.13
POST PROCESSING FACILITIES
26
ANALYSIS OF G + 5 RCC FRAMED
BUILDING USING STAAD.PRO
28 - 41
4.1
PHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF BUILDING
30
4.2
GENERATION OF MEMBER PROPERTY
31
4.3
MATERIALS FOR THE STRUCTURE
32
4.4
LOADING
32
4.4.1 SESIMIC LOAD
32
4.4.2 WIND LOAD
36
4.4.3 DEAD LOAD
38
4.4.4 LIVE LOAD
38
4.4.5 LOAD COMBINATION
40
DESIGN OF G + 5 RCC FRAMED

BUILDING USING STAAD.PRO
42 - 44
STAAD.PRO INPUT COMMAND FILE
45 - 62
DESIGN OF SLABS, FOOTINGS AND

STAIRCASES
7.1
63 - 84
DESIGN OF SLABS
64
7.1.1 GENERAL
64
7.1.2 TYPICAL DESIGN OF TWO-WAY FLOOR SLAB
66
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN RESULTS
84 - 92
POST PROCESSING MODE
93 - 97
vi
LIST OF TABLES
Table No.
Table 2.2
Topic
Page No.
Basic wind speed at 10 m height for some

important cities in Andhra Pradesh (IS: 875)
Table 2.3
Zone factors for some important towns in

Andhra Pradesh (IS 1893-2002)
10
Table 2.4
Load combinations
11
Table.4.1
Calculation of lateral loads and Shear
30
Table.4.2
Calculation of dead loads
32
vii
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig No.
Title
Page No.
Fig.3.1
STAAD input file
14
Fig.3.2
Generation of structure through GUI
15
Fig.3.3
Member load configuration
17
Fig.4.1
Plan of the G+5 Storey Building
25
Fig.4.2
Elevation of the G+5 Storey Building
26
Fig 4.3
Input window for Generation of member property
27
Fig. 4.4
Fixing supports of the structure
28
Fig. 4.5
STAAD utilizes the following procedure to generate

the lateral seismic loads
29
Fig.4.6
Bending moment and Shear force
32
Fig.4.7
STAAD utilizes the following procedure to generate the

lateral seismic loads
33
Fig.4.8
Window showing wind load in +ve Z-direction
33
Fig.4.9
The structure elevation under live load
35
Fig.4.10
The plan of the structure under live load
35
Fig.4.11
GUI showing Auto Load Combination with Indian Code
36
Fig.4.12
GUI showing the analyzing window
37
Fig.5.1
Input Windows for Design Purpose
38
Fig.5.2
Design Specifications in STAAD.Pro
39
Fig.7.1
One way slab
58
Fig.7.2
Two - way slab
58
Fig.7.3
Details of Dog-Legged Staircase
70
Fig.8.1
Geometry of beam no. 84
78
Fig.8.2
Property of beam no. 84
78
Fig.8.3
Shear bending of beam no. 84
79
Fig.8.4
Deflection of beam no. 84
79
viii
Fig No.
Title
Page No.
Fig.8.5
Geometry of beam no. 105
81
Fig.8.6
Property of beam no. 105
81
Fig.8.7
Shear bending of beam no. 105
82
Fig.8.8
Deflection of beam no. 105
82
Fig.8.9
Cross-Section of the column no. 9
83
Fig.8.10
Cross-section of the column no. 24
84
Fig.8.11
Post processing mode in STAAD.Pro
85
Fig.8.12
Bending in Z
85
Fig.8.13
Shear stress at any section
86
Fig.8.14
Graph for shear force and bending moment for a beam
86
Fig.8.15
Graph for shear force and bending moment for a column
87
ix
NOMENCLATURE
width of beam
bw
width of web
bf
breadth of flange
effective depth
d1
effective cover
over all depth
Xu
depth of neutral axis
Xu max
limiting value of neutral axis
Mu
ultimate moment
Mbal
balanced moment of resistance
Fck
characteristic strength of concrete
fy
characteristic strength of steel
Ast
area of tension steel
ast
area of single bar in tension steel
asc
area of compression steel
asv
area of stirrups
Pt
percentage of tension reinforcement
D.L
dead load
L.L
live load
tc
permissible shear stress

x
Vu
maximum shear stress
tv
nominal shear stress
Ocbc
permissible stress in concrete in

Bending compression
S.B.C
safe bearing capacity of soil
Df
depth of flange
Le
distance b/w points of zero moments in Beam
Sv
spacing of stirrups
design load
angle of repose
bd
bond stress in concrete
load
Pv
ultimate load
Puz
ultimate carrying capacity of column
Mx
moment along X-X direction
My
moment along Y-Y direction
Lx
length of long span
Ly
length of short span
Ld
development length
Vz
design wind speed at any height z in m/s
k1
probability factor (risk coefficient)

xi
k2
terrain, height and structure size factor and
k3
topography factor
Cpe
external pressure coefficient
Cpi
internal pressure- coefficient
surface area of structural or cladding unit
Pd
design wind pressure element
Ah
horizontal acceleration spectrum using the

fundamental natural period(T)
seismic weight of all the floors
Ta
fundamental natural period
Height of building in m
Qi
Design lateral force at floor i
Wi
Seismic weight of floor i
Hi
Height of floor i measured from base
Number of storeys in the building is the number of

levels at which the masses are located
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Project Aim:
To analyze and design a multi-storied building for the usage of residential
purpose using STAAD PRO and manual calculations.
1.2. Scope:
The main scope of this project is to apply class room knowledge in the real
world by designing a multi-storied residential building. These building require
large and clear areas unobstructed by the columns. The large floor area provides
sufficient flexibility and facility for later change in the production layout without
major building alterations. The residential buildings are constructed with
adequate headroom for the use of an overhead traveling crane.
1.3 General:
STAAD Pro. V8i is the most popular structural engineering software product for
model generation, analysis and multi-material design. It has an intuitive, user-friendly
GUI, visualization tools, powerful analysis and design facilities and seamless integration
to several other modeling and design software products. The software is fully compatible
with all Windows operating systems but is optimized for Windows XP.
The ultimate power tool for Computerized Structural Engineering

For static or dynamic analysis of bridges, containment structures, embedded structures
(tunnels and culverts), pipe racks, steel, concrete, aluminum or timber buildings,
transmission towers, stadiums or any other simple or complex structure, STAAD Pro. has
been the choice of design professionals around the world for their specific analysis needs.
Our project involves analysis and design of multi-storied [Stilt + G + 4] using a

very popular designing software STAAD Pro (V8i).
We have chosen STAAD Pro because of its following advantages:

easy to use interface,
conformation with the Indian Standard
Codes, versatile nature of solving any
type of problem, Accuracy of the solution.
STAAD.Pro consists of the following:
The STAAD.Pro Graphical User Interface: It is used to generate the model, which can
then be analyzed using the STAAD engine. After analysis and design is completed, the
GUI can also be used to view the results graphically.

The STAAD analysis and design engine: It is a general-purpose calculation engine
for structural analysis and integrated Steel, Concrete, Timber and Aluminium design.
To start with we have solved some sample problems using STAAD Pro and checked
the accuracy of the results with manual calculations. The results were to satisfaction
and were accurate. In the initial phase of our project we have done calculations
regarding loadings on buildings and also considered seismic and wind loads.
Structural analysis comprises the set of physical laws and mathematics required
to study and predicts the behavior of structures. Structural analysis can be
viewed more abstractly as a method to drive the engineering design process or
prove the soundness of a design without a dependence on directly testing it.
To perform an accurate analysis a structural engineer must determine such information
as structural loads, geometry, support conditions, and materials properties. The results
of such an analysis typically include support reactions, stresses and displacements. This
information is then compared to criteria that indicate the conditions of failure. Advanced
structural analysis may examine dynamic response, stability and non-linear behavior.
The aim of design is the achievement of an acceptable probability that structures being
designed will perform satisfactorily during their intended life. With an appropriate degree
2
of safety, they should sustain all the loads and deformations of normal
construction and use and have adequate durability and adequate resistance to
the effects of seismic and wind. Structure and structural elements shall normally
be designed by Limit State Method. Account should be taken of accepted
theories, experiment and experience and the need to design for durability.
Design, including design for durability, construction and use in service should be
considered as a whole. The realization of design objectives requires compliance
with clearly defined standards for materials, production, workmanship and also
maintenance and use of structure in service.
The design of the building is dependent upon the minimum requirements as
prescribed in the Indian Standard Codes. The minimum requirements pertaining
to the structural safety of buildings are being covered by way of laying down
minimum design loads which have to be assumed for dead loads, imposed loads,
and other external loads, the structure would be required to bear. Strict
conformity to loading standards recommended in this code, it is hoped, will not
only ensure the structural safety of the buildings which are being designed.
1.4 About the Project:

This project which is going on in Visakhapatnam comprises of development of
residential towers along with other necessary utilities.
This document pertains to the structural designs carried out for a part of above
said residential township project for various structures. The development is in the
seismic Zone II. The basic wind speed at location of the development is 50 m/s.
2
SBC of soil according to soil investigations is 200 KN/m . The design parameters
considered are as per Indian Standard Code of practice.
Statement of the Project:
The design data shall be as follows:
2
Live load
2.0 kN/m
Floor finish
1.0 kN/m
Weight of partitions
2.0 kN/m
Location
Visakhapatnam city (Zone - II)
Depth of foundation below ground
2.5 m
Safe bearing capacity (SBC) of the soil
200 kN/m
Storey height
3 m,
Floors
Stilt + G + 4 upper floors.
Ground beams
To be provided at 100 mm below
G.L.
Plinth level
0.6 m
Walls
230 mm thick brick masonry walls

only at periphery.
Material Properties:
Concrete
All components unless specified in design: M25 grade all
Steel
HYSD reinforcement of grade Fe 415 confirming to IS: 1786 is used throughout.
CHAPTER - 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER - 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
IS: 875 (Part 1) 1987 for Dead Loads, Indian Standard Code Of Practice For
Design Loads (Other Than Earthquake) For Buildings and Structures, All permanent
constructions of the structure form the dead loads. The dead load comprises of the
weights of walls, partitions floor finishes, false ceilings, false floors and the other
permanent constructions in the buildings. The dead load loads may be calculated
from the dimensions of various members and their unit weights. The unit weights of
plain concrete and reinforced concrete made with sand and gravel or crushed natural
3
stone aggregate may be taken as 24 KN/m and 24 KN/m respectively.
IS: 875 (Part 2) 1987 for Imposed Loads, Indian Standard Code Of Practice
For Design Loads (Other Than Earthquake), For Buildings And Structures,
Imposed load is produced by the intended use or occupancy of a building
including the weight of movable partitions, distributed and concentrated loads,
load due to impact and vibration and dust loads. Imposed loads do not include
loads due to wind, seismic activity, snow, and loads imposed due to temperature
changes to which the structure will be subjected to, creep and shrinkage of the
structure, the differential settlements to which the structure may undergo.
IS: 875 (Part 3) 1987 for Wind Loads, Indian Standard Code Of Practice For Design
Loads (Other Than Earthquake) For Buildings And Structures, This standard gives wind
forces and their effects ( static and dynamic ) that should that taken into account when
designing buildings, structures and components thereof. Wind is air in motion relative to
the surface of the earth. The primary cause of wind is traced to earths rotation and
differences in terrestrial radiation. The radiation effects are primarily responsible for
convection either upwards or downwards. The wind generally blows horizontal to the
ground at high wind speeds. Since vertical components of atmospheric motion are
relatively small, the term wind denotes almost exclusively the horizontal wind, vertical
winds are always identified as such. The wind speeds are assessed with the aid of
7
anemometers
or
anemographs
which
are
installed
at
meteorological
observatories at heights generally varying from 10 to 30 meters above ground.

Design Wind Speed (Vz): The basic wind speed (V b) for any site shall be
obtained from and shall be modified to include the following effects to get design
wind velocity at any height (Vz) for the chosen structure:
a) Risk level;
b) Terrain roughness, height and size of structure; and
c) Local topography.
It can be mathematically expressed as follows:
Vz = Vb * k1 * k2* k3
Where:
Vz
design wind speed at any height z in m/s;
k1
probability factor (risk coefficient)
k2
terrain, height and structure size factor and
k3
topography factor
Risk Coefficient (k1 Factor) It gives basic wind speeds for terrain Category 2
as applicable at 10 m above ground level based on 50 years mean return
period. In the design of all buildings and structures, a regional basic wind speed
having a mean return period of 50 years shall be used.
Terrain, Height and Structure Size Factor (k2 Factor) Terrain - Selection of
terrain categories shall be made with due regard to the effect of obstructions which
constitute the ground surface roughness. The terrain category used in the design of
a structure may vary depending on the direction of wind under consideration.
Wherever sufficient meteorological information is available about the nature of wind
direction, the orientation of any building or structure may be suitably planned.
Topography (k3 Factor) The basic wind speed Vb takes account of the general
level of site above sea level. This does not allow for local topographic features such
as hills, valleys, cliffs, escarpments, or ridges which can significantly affect wind
speed in their vicinity. The effect of topography is to accelerate wind near the
summits of hills or crests of cliffs, escarpments or ridges and decelerate the wind in
valleys or near the foot of cliff, steep escarpments, or ridges.
WIND PRESSURES AND FORCES ON BUILDINGS/STRUCTURES:

General:
The wind load on a building shall be calculated for:
a) The building as a whole,
b) Individual structural elements as roofs and walls, and
c) Individual cladding units including glazing and their fixings
Pressure Coefficients - The pressure coefficients are always given for a particular
surface or part of the surface of a building. The wind load acting normal to a surface is
obtained by multiplying the area of that surface or its appropriate portion by the pressure
coefficient (Cp) and the design wind pressure at the height of the surface from the
ground. The average values of these pressure coefficients for some building shapes.
Average values of pressure coefficients are given for critical wind directions in one or
more quadrants. In order to determine the maximum wind load on the building, the total
load should be calculated for each of the critical directions shown from all quadrants.
Where considerable variation of pressure occurs over a surface, it has been subdivided
and mean pressure coefficients given for each of its several parts.
Wind Load on Individual Members When calculating the wind load on individual
structural elements such as roofs and walls, and individual cladding units and their
fittings, it is essential to take account of the pressure difference between opposite
faces of such elements or units. For clad structures, it is, therefore, necessary to
know the internal pressure as well as the external pressure. Then the wind load, F,
acting in a direction normal to the individual structural element or cladding unit is:
9
F = (Cpe - Cpi) A Pd
Where,
Cpe
external pressure coefficient,
Cpi
internal pressure- coefficient,
surface area of structural or cladding unit, and
Pd
design wind pressure element.
Table 2.1: basic wind speed at 10 m height for some important

cities in Andhra Pradesh (IS 875)
City/Town
Basic Wind Speed (m/s)
Hyderabad
44
Vijayawada
50
Visakhapatnam
50
IS: 1893 (Part 1) - 2002, Indian Standard Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design
of Structures, (Part 1-General Provisions and Buildings), It deals with assessment
of seismic loads on various structures and earthquake resistant design of buildings.
Its basic provisions are applicable to buildings; elevated structures; industrial and
stack like structures; bridges; concrete masonry and earth dams; embankments
and retaining walls and other structures. Temporary elements such as scaffolding,
temporary excavations need not be designed for earthquake forces.
Design Lateral Force:

The design lateral force shall first be computed for the building as a whole. This
design lateral force shall then be distributed to the various floor levels. The overall
design seismic force thus obtained at each floor level shall then be distributed to
individual lateral load resisting elements depending on the floor diaphragm action.
10
Design Seismic Base Shear:

The total design lateral force or design seismic base shear (V B) along any
principal direction shall be determined by the following expression:
VB = Ah W
Where,
Ah
horizontal acceleration spectrum using the fundamental natural period

T, and
seismic weight of all the floors
Fundamental Natural Period:

The approximate fundamental natural period of vibration (T a), in seconds, of a
moment resisting frame building without brick in the panels may be estimated by
the following empirical expression:
0.75
Ta=0.075 h
0.75
Ta=0.085 h
for RC frame building

for steel frame building
Where,
h = Height of building, in m.
This excludes the basement storeys, where basement walls are connected with the
ground floor deck or fitted between the building columns. But it includes the basement
storeys, when they are not so connected. The approximate fundamental natural period
of vibration (T,), in seconds, of all other buildings, including moment-resisting frame
buildings with brick lintel panels, may be estimated by the empirical Expression:
Ta = 0.09H/D
11
Where,
H = Height of building in m, and
D = Base dimension of the building at the plinth level, in m, along the considered
direction of the lateral force.
Distribution of Design Force:
Vertical Distribution of Base Shear to Different Floor Level
The design base shear (Vb) shall be distributed along the height of the building
as per the following expression:
Where
Qi
Design lateral force at floor i,
Wi
Seismic weight of floor i,
Hi
Height of floor i measured from base, and
n = Number of storeys in the building is the number of levels at which

the masses are located.
Distribution of Horizontal Design Lateral Force to Different Lateral Force
Resisting Elements:
In case of buildings whose floors are capable of providing rigid horizontal
diaphragm action, the total shear in any horizontal plane shall be distributed to
the various vertical elements of lateral force resisting system, assuming the floors
to be infinitely rigid in the horizontal plane. In case of building whose floor
diaphragms cannot be treated as infinitely rigid in their own plane, the lateral
shear at each floor shall be distributed to the vertical elements resisting the
lateral forces, considering the in-plane flexibility of the diagram.
12
Dynamic AnalysisDynamic analysis shall be performed to obtain the design seismic force, and its
distribution to different levels along the height of the building and to the various
lateral load resisting elements, for the following Buildings:
a) Regular buildings -Those greater than 40 m in height in Zones IV and V and
those Greater than 90 m in height in Zones II and III.
b) Irregular buildings - All framed buildings higher than 12m in Zones IV and V
and those greater than 40m in height in Zones II and III.
The analytical model for dynamic analysis of buildings with unusual configuration should
be such that it adequately models the types of irregularities present in the building
configuration. Buildings with plan irregularities cannot be modeled for dynamic analysis.
Note: For irregular buildings, lesser than 40 m in height in Zones II and III,
dynamic analysis, even though not mandatory, is recommended.
Dynamic analysis may be performed either by the Time History Method or by the
Response Spectrum Method. However, in either method, the design base shear (V B)
shall be compared with a base shear (VB) calculated using a fundamental period Ta.
Time History Method: Time history method of analysis shall be based on an appropriate
ground motion and shall be performed using accepted principles of dynamics.
Response Spectrum Method: Response spectrum method of analysis shall be

performed using the design spectrum specified, or by a site-specific design
spectrum mentioned.
Table 2.2: Zone factors for some important towns in Andhra Pradesh (IS 1893-2002)
Town
Zone
Zone Factor, Z
Hyderabad
II
0.10
Vijayawada
III
0.16
Visakhapatnam
II
0.10
13
IS: 875 (Part 5) 1987 for Load Combinations, Indian Standard Code Of Practice For
Design Loads (Other Than Earthquake) For Buildings And Structures, The various loads
should be combined in accordance with the stipulations in the relevant design codes. In
the absence of such recommendations, the following loading combinations, whichever
combination produces the most unfavorable effect in the building, foundation or
structural member concerned may be adopted ( as a general guidance ). It should also
be recognized in load combinations that the simultaneous occurrence of maximum
values of wind, earthquake, imposed and snow loads is not likely.
Table 2.3: load combinations

Load combinations
Remarks
1.5(DL+LL)
1.5(DLEQX)
1.5(DLWLX)
DL Dead load of the structure
1.5(DLEQZ)
1.5(DLWLZ)
LL - Live load of the structure
0.9(DL1.5EQX)
0.9(DL1.5WLX)
EQX Earthquake load along X direction
0.9(DL1.5EQZ)
0.9(DL1.5WLZ)
EQZ - Earthquake load along Z direction
1.2(DL+LLEQX)
1.2(DL+LLWLX)
WLX Wind load along X direction
1.2(DL+LLEQZ)
1.2(DL+LLWLZ)
WLZ wind load along Z direction
All members are designed for the critical forces.

IS 456 - 2000, Indian standard code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete
(fourth revision), Bureau of Indian Standards. This standard deals with the
general structural use of plain and reinforced concrete. For the purpose of this
standard, plain concrete structures are those where reinforcement, if provided is
ignored for the determination of strength of the structures.
IS 800 - 2007, Indian Standard General Construction in Steel Code Of Practice (Third
Revision) This standard gives only general guidance as regards the various loads to be
considered in design. For the actual loads and load combinations to be used, reference
may be made to IS 875 for dead, live, snow and wind loads and to IS 1893 (Part 1) for
14
earthquake loads. For seismic design, recommendations pertaining to steel

frames only are covered in this standard.
SP: 16 - 1980, Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS: 456-1978 (third revision),
Bureau of Indian Standard. This is the explanatory handbook which covers the
basis/source of each clause. The objective of these design aids is to reduce
design time in the use of certain clauses in the Code for the design of beams,
slabs and columns in general building structures. The charts and tables included
in the design aids were used in calculation of footings and slabs.
SP: 34 (S & T) 1987, Hand Book of Concrete Reinforcement and Detailing, Bureau of
Indian Standards. This Handbook provides information on properties of reinforcing steel
& detailing requirements, including storage, fabrication, assembly, welding and placing of
reinforcement in accordance with IS: 456-1978. As a result of the introduction of limit
state method of design for reinforced concrete structures and the concept of
development length, detailing has become extremely important as many of the design
requirements are to be met through detailing. This Handbook will be useful to concrete
design engineers, field engineers and students of civil engineering.
Reinforced Concrete Limit State Design, by Jain, A.K., we designed

staircases. They are used in almost all buildings. A staircase consists of a
number of steps arranged in a series, with landings at appropriate locations, for
the purpose of giving access to different floors of building.
15
CHAPTER - 3
WORKING WITH STAAD.Pro
16
CHAPTER - 3
WORKING WITH STAAD.Pro
3.1 Input Generation:
The GUI (or user) communicates with the STAAD analysis engine through the
STAAD input file. That input file is a text file consisting of a series of commands
which are executed sequentially. The commands contain either instructions or
data pertaining to analysis and/or design. The STAAD input file can be created
through a text editor or the GUI Modeling facility. In general, any text editor may
be utilized to edit/create the STAAD input file. The GUI Modeling facility creates
the input file through an interactive menu-driven graphics oriented procedure.
Fig.3.1: STAAD input file

3.2 Types of Structures:
A STRUCTURE can be defined as an assemblage of elements. STAAD is
capable of analyzing and designing structures consisting of frame, plate/shell and
solid elements. Almost any type of structure can be analyzed by STAAD.
17
A SPACE structure, which is a three dimensional framed structure with loads

applied in any plane, is the most general.
A PLANE structure is bound by a global X-Y coordinate system with loads in the
same plane.
A TRUSS structure consists of truss members which can have only axial member
forces and no bending in the members.
A FLOOR structure is a two or three dimensional structure having no horizontal
(global X or Z) movement of the structure [FX, FZ & MY are restrained at every
joint]. The floor framing (in global X-Z plane) of a building is an ideal example of a
FLOOR structure. Columns can also be modeled with the floor in a FLOOR
structure as long as the structure has no horizontal loading. If there is any
horizontal load, it must be analyzed as a SPACE structure.
3.3 Generation of the structure:
The structure may be generated from the input file or mentioning the co-ordinates
in the GUI. The figure below shows the GUI generation method.
Fig.3.2: Generation of structure through GUI
18
3.4 Material Constants:

The material constants are: modulus of elasticity (E); weight density (DEN); Poisson's
ratio (POISS); co-efficient of thermal expansion (ALPHA), Composite Damping Ratio,
and beta angle (BETA) or coordinates for any reference (REF) point. E value for
members must be provided or the analysis will not be performed. Weight density (DEN)
is used only when self weight of the structure is to be taken into account. Poisson's ratio
(POISS) is used to calculate the shear modulus (commonly known as G) by the formula,
G = 0.5 x E/ (1 + POISS)
If Poisson's ratio is not provided, STAAD will assume a value for this quantity
based on the value of E. Coefficient of thermal expansion (ALPHA) is used to
calculate the expansion of the members if temperature loads are applied. The
temperature unit for temperature load and ALPHA has to be the same.
3.5 Supports:
Supports are specified as PINNED, FIXED or FIXED with different releases (known as
FIXED BUT). A pinned support has restraints against all translational movement and
none against rotational movement. In other words, a pinned support will have reactions
for all forces but will resist no moments. A fixed support has restraints against all
directions of movement. Translational and rotational springs can also be specified. The
springs are represented in terms of their spring constants. A translational spring constant
is defined as the force to displace a support joint one length unit in the specified global
direction. Similarly, a rotational spring constant is defined as the force to rotate the
support joint one degree around the specified global direction.
3.6 Loads:
Loads in a structure can be specified as joint load, member load, temperature
load and fixed end member load. STAAD can also generate the self-weight of the
structure and use it as uniformly distributed member loads in analysis. Any
fraction of this self weight can also be applied in any desired direction.
19
Joint loads:
Joint loads, both forces and moments, may be applied to any free joint of a
structure. These loads act in the global coordinate system of the structure.
Positive forces act in the positive coordinate directions. Any number of loads may
be applied on a single joint, in which case the loads will be additive on that joint.
Member load:
Three types of member loads may be applied directly to a member of a structure.
These loads are uniformly distributed loads, concentrated loads, and linearly varying
loads (including trapezoidal). Uniform loads act on the full or partial length of a
member. Concentrated loads act at any intermediate, specified point. Linearly
varying loads act over the full length of a member. Trapezoidal linearly varying loads
act over the full or partial length of a member. Trapezoidal loads are converted into a
uniform load and several concentrated loads. Any number of loads may be specified
to act upon a member in any independent loading condition. Member loads can be
specified in the member coordinate system or the global coordinate system.
Uniformly distributed member loads provided in the global coordinate system may be
specified to act along the full or projected member length.
Fig.3.3: Member load configuration

20
Area/floor load:
Many times a floor (bound by X-Z plane) is subjected to a uniformly distributed load. It
could require a lot of work to calculate the member load for individual members in that
floor. However, with the AREA or FLOOR LOAD command, the user can specify the area
loads (unit load per unit square area) for members. The program will calculate the
tributary area for these members and provide the proper member loads. The Area Load
is used for one way distributions and the Floor Load is used for two way distributions.
Fixed end member load:

Load effects on a member may also be specified in terms of its fixed end loads.
These loads are given in terms of the member coordinate system and the
directions are opposite to the actual load on the member. Each end of a member
can have six forces: axial; shear y; shear z; torsion; moment y, and moment z.
Load Generator - Moving load, Wind & Seismic:
Load generation is the process of taking a load causing unit such as wind
pressure, ground movement or a truck on a bridge, and converting it to a form
such as member load or a joint load which can be then be used in the analysis.
Moving Load Generator:
This feature enables the user to generate moving loads on members of a structure. Moving
load system(s) consisting of concentrated loads at fixed specified distances in both directions
on a plane can be defined by the user. A user specified number of primary load cases will be
subsequently generated by the program and taken into consideration in analysis.
Seismic Load Generator:

The STAAD seismic load generator follows the procedure of equivalent lateral load
analysis. It is assumed that the lateral loads will be exerted in X and Z directions and Y
will be the direction of the gravity loads. Thus, for a building model, Y axis will be
perpendicular to the floors and point upward (all Y joint coordinates positive). For load
generation per the codes, the user is required to provide seismic zone coefficients,
importance factors, and soil characteristic parameters. Instead of using the approximate
21
code based formulas to estimate the building period in a certain direction, the program
calculates the period using Raleigh quotient technique. This period is then utilized to
calculate seismic coefficient C. After the base shear is calculated from the appropriate
equation, it is distributed among the various levels and roof per the specifications. The
distributed base shears are subsequently applied as lateral loads on the structure.
These loads may then be utilized as normal load cases for analysis and design.
Wind Load Generator:

The STAAD Wind Load generator is capable of calculating wind loads on joints of a
structure from user specified wind intensities and exposure factors. Different wind
intensities may be specified for different height zones of the structure. Openings in
the structure may be modeled using exposure factors. An exposure factor is
associated with each joint of the structure and is defined as the fraction of the
influence area on which the wind load acts. Built-in algorithms automatically
calculate the exposed area based on the areas bounded by members (plates and
solids are not considered), then calculates the wind loads from the intensity and
exposure input and distributes the loads as lateral joint loads.
3.7 Section Types for Concrete Design:

The following types of cross sections for concrete members can be designed.
For Beams Prismatic (Rectangular & Square) &
T-shape For Columns Prismatic (Rectangular, Square and Circular)
3.8 Design Parameters:
The program contains a number of parameters that are needed to perform design as per IS:
13920. It accepts all parameters that are needed to perform design as per IS: 456. Over and
above it has some other parameters that are required only when designed is performed as
per IS: 13920. Default parameter values have been selected such that they are frequently
used numbers for conventional design requirements. These values may
22
be changed to suit the particular design being performed by this manual contains
a complete list of the available parameters and their default values. It is
necessary to declare length and force units as Millimeter and Newton before
performing the concrete design.
3.9 Beam Design:
Beams are designed for flexure, shear and torsion. If required the effect of the axial force
may be taken into consideration. For all these forces, all active beam loadings are prescanned to identify the critical load cases at different sections of the beams. For design
to be performed as per IS: 13920 the width of the member shall not be less than 200mm.
Also the member shall preferably have a width-to depth ratio of more than 0.3.
Design for Flexure:

Design procedure is same as that for IS: 456. However while designing following
criteria are satisfied as per IS: 13920
1. The minimum grade of concrete shall preferably be M25.
2. Steel reinforcements of grade Fe415 or less only shall be used.
3. The minimum tension steel ratio on any face, at any section, is given by:
min = 0.24fck/fy
The maximum steel ratio on any face, at any section, is given by max = 0.025.
4. The positive steel ratio at a joint face must be at least equal to half the
negative steel at that face.
5. The steel provided at each of the top and bottom face, at any section,
shall at least be equal to one-fourth of the maximum negative moment
steel provided at the face of either joint.
23
Design for Shear:

The Shear force to be resisted by vertical hoops is guided by the IS 13920:1993
revision. Elastic sagging and hogging moments of resistance of the beam section
at ends are considered while calculating shear force. Plastic sagging and
hogging moments of resistance can also be considered for shear design if
PLASTIC parameter is mentioned in the input file. Shear reinforcement is
calculated to resist both shear forces and torsional moments.
3.10 Column Design:
Columns are designed for axial forces and biaxial moments per IS 456:2000.
Columns are also designed for shear forces. All major criteria for selecting
longitudinal and transverse reinforcement as stipulated by IS: 456 have been
taken care of in the column design of STAAD. However following clauses have
been satisfied to incorporate provisions of IS: 13920
1. The minimum grade of concrete shall preferably be M25.
2. Steel reinforcements of grade Fe415 or less only shall be used.
3. The minimum dimension of column member shall not be less than 200
mm. For columns having unsupported length exceeding 4m, the shortest
dimension of column shall not be less than 300 mm.
4. The ratio of the shortest cross-sectional dimension to the perpendicular
dimension shall preferably be not less than 0.
5. The spacing of hoops shall not exceed half the least lateral dimension of
the column, except where special confining reinforcement is provided.
6. Special confining reinforcement shall be provided over a length lo from
each joint face, towards mid span, and on either side of any section,
where flexural yielding may occur. The length lo shall not be less than a)
larger lateral dimension of the member at the section where yielding
occurs, b) 1/6 of clear span of the member, and c) 450 mm.
7. The spacing of hoops used as special confining reinforcement shall not exceed of
minimum member dimension but need not be less than 75 mm nor > 100 mm.
24
3.11 Design Operations:

STAAD contains a broad set of facilities for designing structural members as
individual components of an analyzed structure. The member design facilities
provide the user with the ability to carry out a number of different design operations.
These facilities may design problem. The operations to perform a design are:
Specify the members and the load cases to be considered in the design.
Specify whether to perform code checking or member selection.
Specify design parameter values, if different from the default values.
Specify whether to perform member selection by optimization.
These operations may be repeated by the user any number of times depending upon
the design requirements. Earthquake motion often induces force large enough to
cause inelastic deformations in the structure. If the structure is brittle, sudden failure
could occur. But if the structure is made to behave ductile, it will be able to sustain
the earthquake effects better with some deflection larger than the yield deflection by
absorption of energy. Therefore ductility is also required as an essential element for
safety from sudden collapse during severe shocks. STAAD has the capabilities of
performing concrete design as per IS: 13920. While designing it satisfies all
provisions of IS: 456 - 2000 and IS: 13920 for beams and columns.
3.12 General Comments:

This section presents some general statements regarding the implementation of Indian
Standard code of practice (IS: 800 - 1984) for structural steel design in STAAD. The
design philosophy and procedural logistics for member selection and code checking are
based upon the principles of allowable stress design. Two major failure modes are
recognized: failure by overstressing, and failure by stability considerations. The flowing
sections describe the salient features of the allowable stresses being calculated and the
stability criteria being used. Members are proportioned to resist the design loads without
exceeding the allowable stresses and the most economic section is selected on the
basis of least weight criteria. The code checking part of the program checks
25
stability and strength requirements and reports the critical loading condition and
the governing code criteria. It is generally assumed that the user will take care of
the detailing requirements like provision of stiffeners and check the local effects
such as flange buckling and web crippling.
Allowable Stresses:
The member design and code checking in STAAD are based upon the allowable
stress design method as per IS: 800 (1984). It is a method for proportioning
structural members using design loads and forces, allowable stresses, and
design limitations for the appropriate material under service conditions. It would
not be possible to describe every aspect of IS: 800 in this manual. This section,
however, will discuss the salient features of the allowable stresses specified by
IS: 800 and implemented in STAAD. Appropriate sections of IS: 800 will be
referenced during the discussion of various types of allowable stresses.
Multiple Analyses:
Structural analysis/design may require multiple analyses in the same run. STAAD allows
the user to change input such as member properties, support conditions etc. in an input
file to facilitate multiple analyses in the same run. Results from different analyses may
be combined for design purposes. For structures with bracing, it may be necessary to
make certain members inactive for a particular load case and subsequently activate
them for another. STAAD provides an INACTIVE facility for this type of analysis.
3.13 Post Processing Facilities:

All output from the STAAD run may be utilized for further processing by the
STAAD.Pro GUI.
Stability Requirements:
Slenderness
ratios are calculated for all members and checked against the
appropriate maximum values. IS: 800 summarize the maximum slenderness ratios for
26
different types of members. In STAAD implementation of IS: 800, appropriate maximum

slenderness ratio can be provided for each member. If no maximum slenderness ratio is
provided, compression members will be checked against a maximum value of 180 and
tension members will be checked against a maximum value of 400.
Deflection Check:
This facility allows the user to consider deflection as criteria in the CODE CHECK and
MEMBER SELECTION processes. The deflection check may be controlled using three
parameters. Deflection is used in addition to other strength and stability related criteria.
The local deflection calculation is based on the latest analysis results.
Earthquake Collapse Check:

This checks at each column / beam interface, the program checks that the
capacity of the column exceeds the total capacity of all beams that connect to it.
The earthquake check only uses the results from Design Groups that have
Design Briefs from the selected Design Code.
Code Checking:
The purpose of code checking is to verify whether the specified section is capable of
satisfying applicable design code requirements. The code checking is based on the
IS: 800 (1984) requirements. Forces and moments at specified sections of the
members are utilized for the code checking calculations. Sections may be specified
using the BEAM parameter or the SECTION command. If no sections are specified,
the code checking is based on forces and moments at the member ends.
27
CHAPTER - 4
ANALYSIS OF STILT + G + 4 RCC
FRAMED BUILDING
USING STAAD.Pro
28
CHAPTER - 4
ANALYSIS OF STILT + G + 4 RCC FRAMED BUILDING
USING STAAD.Pro
Fig.4.1 Plan of the G+5 Storey Building

All columns:
Column section
0.48 * 0.23 m (column no.s 2, 8, 24)
Column section
0.60 * 0.23 m. (column no.s 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 17, 18, 19, 20,

21, 22, 23)
Column section
0.23 * 0.90 m. (column no.s 10, 12, 13)
Column section
0.30 * 0.90 m. (column no. 9, 11, 14.15, 16)
All beams
0.60 * 0.23 m
All slabs
0.20 m thick
Parapet
0.10 m thick RCC
29
Fig.4.2 Elevation of the G+5 Storey Building

4.1 Physical parameters of building:
= 27.19 m
Length along X-Axis Width
12.83 m
along Z-Axis Height along Y= 3m @ 6 floors
Axis
18.0 m
(1.0 m parapet being non- structural for seismic purposes, is

not considered of building frame height)
Live load on the floors
2.00 kN/m
Grade of concrete and steel used:

Used M25 concrete and Fe 415 steel
30
4.2 Generation of member property:
Fig.4.3: Input window for Generation of member property
Generation of member property can be done in STAAD.Pro by using the window as

shown above. The member section is selected and the dimensions have been specified.
Beam Details:
Beam Section
0.60 * 0.23 m.
Column section
0.48 * 0.23 m (column no.s 2, 8, 24)
Column section
0.60 * 0.23 m. (column no.s 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 17, 18, 19, 20,
Column Details:
21, 22, 23)

Column section
0.23 * 0.90 m. (column no.s 10, 12, 13)
Column section
0.30 * 0.90 m. (column no. 9, 11, 14.15, 16)

31
Supports:
The base supports of the structure
were assigned as fixed. The supports
were generated using the STAAD.Pro
support generator.
Fig.4.4 Fixing supports of the structure

4.3 Materials for the structure:
The materials for the structure were specified as concrete with their various
constants as per standard IS code of practice.
4.4 Loading:
The loadings were calculated partially manually and rest was generated using
STAAD.Pro load generator. The loading cases were categorized as:
1. Seismic load
2. Wind load
3. Dead load
4. Live load
5. Load combinations
4.4.1 Seismic load:
The seismic load values were calculated as per IS 1893-2002. STAAD.Pro has a
seismic load generator in accordance with the IS code mentioned.
32
Fig.4.5 STAAD utilizes the following procedure to generate the lateral seismic loads.
Seismic weight of the building:

As per code provisions, the percentage of design live load to be considered for
the calculation of earthquake forces is 25% for the floors and no live load needs
to be considered for the roof.
Hence, effective weight on each floor will be
Self weight of slab and floor finishes
Weight of
partitions
3.50 KN/m
2.00 KN/m
Live load
2.00 KN/m
7.50 KN/m
Total load on floor
Similarly, effective weight on the roof excluding weight of portions = 5.5 kN/m
Weight of 97 beams, each of the dimensions as given at each floor and roof
=
263.05 x 0.23 x 0.60 x 25

33
907.5225 kN
Weight of 24 columns at each floor
Weight of 24 columns at roof
4.0952 x (3.0 0.60) x 25
245.712 kN
x 245.712
122.86 kN
2
Plan area of the building is 27.09 m x 12.63 m =
348.85 m
Equivalent load at roof at roof level
(5.5 x 348.85) + 907.5225 + 122.86
2949.05 kN
(7.5 x 348.85) + 907.5225 + 245.712
3769.60 kN
2949.05 + (3769.60 x 5)
21797.05 kN
Equivalent load at roof at floor level
Seismic weight of the building, W
Base shear:
The fundamental natural period of vibration (T) for the buildings having shear walls is given
by
= 0.45 (d, the plan dimension = 12.83 m)
Building is situated at Visakhapatnam which comes under Zone II with Zone factor of
0.10 m and give the importance factor (I) as 1.5, Response reduction factor, R = 5.0
For 5% of damping and type I soil, average response acceleration coefficient Sa/g
(From IS: 1893 2000)

Sa/g
1.0/T, 0.40 T 4.0
Sa/g
1.0/0.45
2.22
34
Design horizontal seismic coefficient, Ah =

=
= 0.033
Base shear VB = Ah x W
0.033 x 21797.05
= 719.30 kN
Lateral loads and shear forces at various floor levels:
Design lateral force at floor I,
=
Lateral loads and shear forces at different floor level are given in Table 4.1
Table.4.1 Calculation of lateral loads and Shear
Wi (m)
Hi
(m)
WiHi
(m)
Qi (kN)
Vi (kN)
243.55
216.22
138.32
77.83
34.53
8.63
243.55
459.77
598.09
675.98
710.51
719.14
2949.05
3769.60
3769.60
3769.60
3769.60
3769.60
18.00
15.00
12.00
9.00
6.00
3.00
955492.2
848160
542822.4
305337.6
135705.6
33926.4
0.3386
0.3006
0.1923
0.1082
0.0480
0.0120
WiHi = 2821444.2
35
Bending moment and shear force:

Two shear walls are provided to resist the sesimic the forces in each direction. Therefore,
lateral forces acting on one shear wall will be half the calculated shears and is shown in
Fig.4.3. The shear wall will be designed as cantilever fixed at the base and free at the top.
Fig.4.6: Bending moment and Shear force

4.4.2 Wind load:
The wind load values were generated by the software itself in accordance with IS 875.
Under the define load command section, in the wind load category, the definition of wind
load was supplied. The wind intensities at various heights were calculated manually and
feed to the software. Based on those values it generates the wind load at different floors.
We consider ASCE-7 for wind loads with basic wind speed of 50 kmph.
36
Fig.4.7 STAAD utilizes the following procedure to generate the lateral seismic loads.
Fig.4.8: Window showing wind load in +ve Z-direction
37
4.4.3 Dead load:

Self-weight:
The self weight of the structure can be generated by STAAD.Pro itself with the
self weight command given in the load case column.
Dead load from walls:
Dead load from walls can also be generated by STAAD.Pro by specifying the wall
thickness. Calculation of the load per m was done considering the weight of wall.
While considering the stair case or lift, the weight of the walls will be taken as
double the weight of the outer walls.
Weight of the wall
density of the wall x volume of wall per unit run
Table.4.2: Calculation of dead loads

Walls
Thickness
Height(m)
(mm)
Outer walls
Inner walls
Parapet wall
Stair case walls
or
Lift walls
0.23
0.12
0.10
0.23
Density
3
(KN/m )
(KN/m)
20
20
20
20
13
7
4
22
3.00
3.00
1.00
3.00
Load
4.4.4 Live load:

2
The live load considered in each floor was 2.0 kN/m and for the terrace level it
2
was considered to be 1.0 kN/m . The live loads were generated in a similar
manner as done in the earlier case for dead load in each floor. This may be done
from the member load button from the load case column.
38
Fig.4.9: The structure elevation under live load
Fig.4.10: The plan of the structure under live load
39
4.4.5 Load combination:

The structure has been analyzed for auto load combination considering all the
previous loads in proper ratio and generates load combination code as per Indian
code under load combination category of general structures.
Combination Rules:
For each Code/Category, each load category can be set with one of three rules:a. Combine all cases together
b. Separate combination for each case
c. All possible combinations.
It will take a load combination of earthquake load, wind load, self-weight, dead
load &live loads.
Fig.4.11: GUI showing Auto Load Combination with Indian Code
40
Fig.4.12: GUI showing the analyzing window
41
CHAPTER - 5
DESIGN OF [G + 5] RCC FRAMED
BUILDING USING STAAD.Pro
42
CHAPTER - 5
DESIGN OF [G + 5] RCC FRAMED BUILDING
USING STAAD.Pro
The structure was designed for concrete in accordance with IS: 456 codes.
The parameters such as Fy, Fc, etc were specified. The window shown below is the
input window for the design purpose. Then it has to be specified which members are
to be designed as beams and which member are to be designed as columns.
Design Parameters:
Fig.5.1: Input Windows for Design Purpose

FC: Compressive Strength of concrete
FYMAIN: Yield Strength for main reinforcement steel
(For slabs, it the reinforcement used in both directions)
FYSEC: Yield Strength for main reinforcement steel
(Only used in beam design)
43
Design Commands:
Fig.5.2 Design Specifications in STAAD.Pro

DESIGN BEAM
DESIGN COLUMN :
TAKE OFF
Design beams for flexure, shear and torsion

Design columns for axial load plus biaxial bending
Print the total volume of concrete and weight of steel
Reinforcement for the beams, columns and elements
designed.
44
CHAPTER - 6
STAAD.Pro INPUT
COMMAND FILE
45
CHAPTER - 6
STAAD.Pro INPUT COMMAND FILE
The STAAD.Pro input command file for our particular Stilt + G + 4 storey
building has been shown below:
STAAD SPACE
START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE 07-Mar-13
JOB NAME * Analysis and Design of (G+5) Building *
JOB CLIENT * Project Work 2009-2013 *
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER KN
JOINT COORDINATES
1 0 0 0; 2 3.47 0 0; 3 7.58 0 0; 4 11.58 0 0; 5 13.94 0 0; 6 16.53 0 0; 7
21.25 0 0; 8 25.36 0 0; 9 0 0 6.38; 10 3.47 0 6.38; 11 7.58 0 6.38; 12
11.58 0 6.38; 13 13.94 0 6.38; 14 16.53 0 6.38; 15 21.25 0 6.38; 16
25.36 0 6.38; 17 0 0 12.83; 18 3.47 0 12.83; 19 7.58 0 12.83;
20 11.58 0 12.83; 21 13.94 0 12.83; 22 16.53 0 12.83; 23 21.25 0

12.83; 24 25.36 0 12.83; 25 -0.84 3 0; 26 0 3 0; 27 3.47 3 0; 28 7.58 3
0; 29 11.58 3 0; 30 13.94 3 0; 31 16.53 3 0; 32 21.25 3 0; 33 25.36 3 0;
34 26.35 3 0; 35 3.47 3 1.91; 36 7.58 3 1.91; 37 13.94 3 2.25; 38 16.53 3
2.25; 39 -0.84 3 2.95; 40 0 3 2.95; 41 3.47 3 2.95; 42 7.58 3 2.95; 43 11.58 3
2.95; 44 16.53 3 2.95; 45 21.25 3 2.95; 46 25.36 3 2.95; 47 26.35 3 2.95; 48
11.58 3 4.11; 49 13.94 3 4.11; 50 -0.84 3 6.38; 51 0 3 6.38; 52 3.47 3 6.38;
53 7.58 3 6.38; 54 11.58 3 6.38; 55 13.94 3 6.38; 56 16.53 3 6.38;
46
57 21.25 3 6.38; 58 25.36 3 6.38; 59 26.35 3 6.38; 60 3.47 3 7.6; 61 7.58 3

7.6; 62 13.94 3 9.32; 63 16.53 3 9.32; 64 -0.84 3 9.4; 65 0 3 9.4;
66 3.47 3 9.4; 67 7.58 3 9.4; 68 11.58 3 9.4; 69 21.25 3 9.52; 70 25.36 3

9.52; 71 26.35 3 9.52; 72 11.58 3 11.38; 73 13.94 3 11.38; 74 16.53 3 11.76;
75 21.25 3 11.76; 76 3.47 3 12.07; 77 7.58 3 12.07; 78 -0.84 3 12.83; 79 0 3
12.83; 80 3.47 3 12.83; 81 7.58 3 12.83; 82 11.58 3 12.83; 83 13.94 3 12.83;
84 16.53 3 12.83; 85 21.25 3 12.83; 86 25.36 3 12.83; 87 26.35 3 12.83; 88
-0.84 6 0; 89 0 6 0; 90 3.47 6 0; 91 7.58 6 0; 92 11.58 6 0; 93 13.94 6 0; 94
16.53 6 0; 95 21.25 6 0; 96 25.36 6 0; 97 26.35 6 0; 98 3.47 6 1.91; 99 7.58 6
1.91; 100 13.94 6 2.25; 101 16.53 6 2.25; 102 -0.84 6 2.95; 103 0 6 2.95; 104
3.47 6 2.95;
105 7.58 6 2.95; 106 11.58 6 2.95; 107 16.53 6 2.95; 108 21.25 6 2.95; 109
25.36 6 2.95; 110 26.35 6 2.95; 111 11.58 6 4.11; 112 13.94 6 4.11; 113
-0.84 6 6.38; 114 0 6 6.38; 115 3.47 6 6.38; 116 7.58 6 6.38; 117 11.58 6
6.38; 118 13.94 6 6.38; 119 16.53 6 6.38; 120 21.25 6 6.38; 121 25.36 6
6.38; 122 26.35 6 6.38; 123 3.47 6 7.6; 124 7.58 6 7.6; 125 13.94 6 9.32;
126 16.53 6 9.32; 127 -0.84 6 9.4; 128 0 6 9.4; 129 3.47 6 9.4; 130 7.58 6
9.4; 131 11.58 6 9.4; 132 21.25 6 9.52;
133 25.36 6 9.52; 134 26.35 6 9.52; 135 11.58 6 11.38; 136 13.94 6 11.38; 137
16.53 6 11.76; 138 21.25 6 11.76; 139 3.47 6 12.07; 140 7.58 6 12.07; 141 -0.84
6 12.83; 142 0 6 12.83; 143 3.47 6 12.83; 144 7.58 6 12.83; 145 11.58 6 12.83;
146 13.94 6 12.83; 147 16.53 6 12.83; 148 21.25 6 12.83;
149 25.36 6 12.83; 150 26.35 6 12.83; 151 -0.84 9 0; 152 0 9 0; 153 3.47 9 0;
154 7.58 9 0; 155 11.58 9 0; 156 13.94 9 0; 157 16.53 9 0; 158 21.25 9 0; 159
25.36 9 0; 160 26.35 9 0; 161 3.47 9 1.91; 162 7.58 9 1.91;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
1 1 26; 2 2 27; 3 3 28; 4 4 29; 5 5 30; 6 6 31; 7 7 32; 8 8 33; 9 9 51; 10 10

52; 11 11 53; 12 12 54; 13 13 55; 14 14 56; 15 15 57; 16 16 58; 17 17 79;
18 18 80; 19 19 81; 20 20 82; 21 21 83; 22 22 84; 23 23 85; 24 24 86; 25 25 26;
26 26 27; 27 27 28; 28 28 29; 29 29 30; 30 30 31; 31 31 32; 32 32 33; 33 33 34;
34 27 35; 35 28 36; 36 30 37; 37 31 38; 38 25 39; 39 26 40; 40 29 43; 41 32 45;
42 34 47; 43 35 36; 44 37 38; 45 35 41; 46 36 42; 47 38 44; 48 39 40; 49 40 41;
50 42 43; 51 44 45; 52 45 46; 53 46 47; 54 37 49; 55 43 48; 56 48 49; 57 39 50;
58 40 51; 59 41 52; 60 42 53; 61 44 56; 62 45 57; 63 46 58; 64 47 59; 65 48 54;
66 49 55; 67 50 51; 68 51 52; 69 52 53; 70 53 54; 71 55 56; 72 56 57; 73 57 58;
74 58 59; 75 52 60; 76 53 61; 77 60 61; 78 55 62; 79 56 63; 80 50 64; 81 51 65;
82 54 68; 83 57 69; 84 58 70; 85 59 71; 86 60 66; 87 61 67; 88 62 63; 89 64 65;
90 65 66; 91 67 68; 92 69 70; 93 70 71; 94 62 73; 95 68 72; 96 63 74; 97 69 75;
98 66 76; 99 67 77; 100 64 78; 101 65 79; 102 70 86; 103 71 87; 104 72 73; 105
74 75; 106 76 77; 107 72 82; 108 73 83; 109 74 84; 110 75 85; 111 76 80; 112 77
81; 113 78 79; 114 79 80; 115 80 81; 116 81 82; 117 82 83; 118 83 84; 119 84 85;
120 85 86; 121 86 87; 122 26 89; 123 27 90; 124 28 91; 125 29 92; 126 30 93;
127 31 94; 128 32 95; 129 33 96; 130 51 114; 131 52 115; 132 53 116; 133 54
117; 134 55 118; 135 56 119; 136 57 120; 137 58 121; 138 79 142; 139 80
143; 140 81 144; 141 82 145; 142 83 146; 143 84 147; 144 85 148; 145 86
149; 146 88 89; 147 89 90; 148 90 91; 149 91 92; 150 92 93; 151 93 94;
152 94 95; 153 95 96; 154 96 97; 155 90 98; 156 91 99; 157 93 100; 158 94
101; 159 88 102; 160 89 103; 161 92 106; 162 95 108; 163 97 110; 164 98 99;
165 100 101; 166 98 104; 167 99 105; 168 101 107; 169 102 103; 170 103 104;
171 105 106; 172 107 108; 173 108 109; 174 109 110; 175 100 112; 176 106 111;
177 111 112; 178 102 113; 179 103 114; 180 104 115; 181 105 116; 182 107 119;
183 108 120; 184 109 121; 185 110 122; 186 111 117; 187 112 118; 188 113 114;
189 114 115; 190 115 116; 191 116 117; 192 118 119; 193 119 120; 194 120 121;
195 121 122; 196 115 123; 197 116 124; 198 123 124; 199 118 125; 200 119 126;
201 113 127; 202 114 128; 203 117 131; 204 120 132; 205 121 133; 206 122 134;
207 123 129; 208 124 130; 209 125 126; 210 127 128; 211 128 129; 212 130 131;
213 132 133; 214 133 134; 215 125 136; 216 131 135; 217 126 137; 218 132 138;
219 129 139; 220 130 140; 221 127 141; 222 128 142; 223 133 149; 224 134 150;
225 135 136; 226 137 138; 227 139 140; 228 135 145; 229 136 146; 230 137 147;
231 138 148; 232 139 143; 233 140 144; 234 141 142; 235 142 143; 236 143 144;
237 144 145; 238 145 146; 239 146 147; 240 147 148; 241 148 149; 242 149 150;
243 89 152; 244 90 153; 245 91 154; 246 92 155; 247 93 156; 248 94 157; 249 95
158; 250 96 159; 251 114 177; 252 115 178; 253 116 179; 254 117 180;
255 118 181; 256 119 182; 257 120 183; 258 121 184; 259 142 205; 260 143 206;
261 144 207; 262 145 208; 263 146 209; 264 147 210; 265 148 211; 266 149 212;
267 151 152; 268 152 153; 269 153 154; 270 154 155; 271 155 156; 272 156
157;273 157 158; 274 158 159; 275 159 160; 276 153 161; 277 154 162; 278 156
163; 279 157 164; 280 151 165; 281 152 166; 282 155 169; 283 158 171; 284 160
173; 285 161 162; 286 163 164; 287 161 167; 288 162 168; 289 164 170; 290 165
166; 291 166 167; 292 168 169; 293 170 171; 294 171 172; 295 172 173; 296 163
175; 297 169 174; 298 174 175; 299 165 176; 300 166 177; 301 167 178; 302 168
179; 303 170 182; 304 171 183; 305 172 184; 306 173 185; 307 174 180; 308 175
181; 309 176 177; 310 177 178; 311 178 179; 312 179 180; 313 181 182; 314 182
183; 315 183 184; 316 184 185; 317 178 186; 318 179 187; 319 186 187; 320 181
188; 321 182 189; 322 176 190; 323 177 191; 324 180 194; 325 183 195; 326 184
196; 327 185 197; 328 186 192; 329 187 193; 330 188 189; 331 190 191; 332 191
192; 333 193 194; 334 195 196; 335 196 197; 336 188 199; 337 194 198; 338 189
200; 339 195 201; 340 192 202; 341 193 203; 342 190 204; 343 191 205; 344 196
212; 345 197 213; 346 198 199; 347 200 201; 348 202 203; 349 198 208; 350 199
209; 351 200 210; 352 201 211; 353 202 206; 354 203 207; 355 204 205; 356 205
206; 357 206 207; 358 207 208; 359 208 209; 360 209 210; 361 210 211; 362 211
212; 363 212 213; 364 152 215; 365 153 216; 366 154 217; 367 155 218; 368 156
219; 369 157 220; 370 158 221; 371 159 222; 372 177 240; 373 178 241; 374 179
242; 375 180 243; 376 181 244; 377 182 245; 378 183 246; 379 184 247; 380 205
268; 381 206 269; 382 207 270; 383 208 271; 384 209 272; 385 210 273; 386 211
274; 387 212 275; 388 214 215; 389 215 216; 390 216 217; 391 217 218; 392 218
219; 393 219 220; 394 220 221; 395 221 222; 396 222 223; 397 216 224; 398 217
225; 399 219 226; 400 220 227; 401 214 228; 402 215 229; 403 218 232; 404 221
234; 405 223 236; 406 224 225; 407 226 227; 408 224 230; 409 225 231; 410 227
233; 411 228 229; 412 229 230; 413 231 232; 414 233 234; 415 234 235; 416 235
236; 417 226 238; 418 232 237; 419 237 238; 420 228 239; 421 229 240; 422 230
241; 675 368 369; 676 370 371; 677 371 372; 678 372 373; 679 373 374; 680 367
375; 681 368 376; 682 375 376; 683 370 377; 684 371 378; 685 365 379; 686 366
380; 687 369 383; 688 372 384; 689 373 385; 690 374 386; 691 375 381; 692 376
382; 693 377 378; 694 379 380; 695 380 381; 696 382 383; 697 384 385; 698 385
386; 699 377 388; 700 383 387; 701 378 389; 702 384 390; 703 381 391; 704 382
392; 705 379 393; 706 380 394; 707 385 401; 708 386 402; 709 387 388; 710 389
390; 711 391 392; 712 387 397; 713 388 398; 714 389 399; 715 390 400; 716 391
395; 717 392 396; 718 393 394; 719 394 395; 720 395 396; 721 396 397; 722 397
398;
54
723 398 399; 724 399 400; 725 400 401; 726
401 402; DEFINE MATERIAL START
ISOTROPIC CONCRETE
E 2.17185e+007
POISSON 0.17 DENSITY
23.5616 ALPHA 1e-005
DAMP 0.05
END DEFINE MATERIAL MEMBER
PROPERTY AMERICAN
25 TO 121 146 TO 242 267 TO 363 388 TO 484 509 TO 605 630
TO 725 - 726 PRIS YD 0.6 ZD 0.23
2 8 24 123 129 145 244 250 266 365 371 387 486 492 508
607 613 - 629 PRIS YD 0.48 ZD 0.23
MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
1 3 TO 7 17 TO 23 122 124 TO 128 138 TO 144 243 245 TO 249 259 TO 265
364 - 366 TO 370 380 TO 386 485 487 TO 491 501 TO 507 606 608 TO 612
622 TO 627 - 628 PRIS YD 0.6 ZD 0.23
10 12 13 131 133 134 252 254 255 373 375 376 494 496 497
615 617 - 618 PRIS YD 0.23 ZD 0.9
9 11 14 TO 16 130 132 135 TO 137 251 253 256 TO 258 372 374 377 TO
379 493 - 495 498 TO 500 614 616 619 TO 621 PRIS YD 0.3 ZD 0.9
CONSTANTS
MATERIAL CONCRETE ALL
SUPPORTS
55
1 TO 24 FIXED
DEFINE 1893 LOAD
ZONE 0.1 RF 5 I 1.5 SS 1 ST 1

DM 5 MEMBER WEIGHT
25 TO 121 146 TO 242 267 TO 363 388 TO 484 509 TO 605 630 TO 726
UNI -10 FLOOR WEIGHT
YRANGE 0.1 3.1 FLOAD -7.5
YRANGE 15.5 18.6 FLOAD
-5.5 DEFINE WIND LOAD
TYPE 1
<! STAAD PRO GENERATED DATA DO NOT MODIFY !!!
ASCE-7-2002:PARAMS 50.000 KMPH 0 1 1 0 0.000 FT 0.000 FT 0.000
FT 1 - 1 40.000 FT 30.000 FT 25.000 FT 2.000 0.010 0 0 0 0 0 0.761 1.000 1.000 0.850
0 - 0 0 0 0.866 0.800 0.550
!> END GENERATED DATA BLOCK

INT 0.478803 0.478803 0.478803 0.478803 0.478803 0.478803 0.478803
0.478803 - 0.478803 0.478803 0.478803 0.478803 0.478803 0.478803
0.478803 HEIG 0 4.572 - 5.15815 5.74431 6.33046 6.91662 7.50277 8.08892
8.67508 9.26123 - 9.84739 10.4335 11.0197 11.6059 12.192
EXP 1 JOINT 1 TO 402
56
LOAD 1 LOADTYPE Seismic TITLE EQ

+X 1893 LOAD X 1
LOAD 2 LOADTYPE Seismic TITLE EQ -X
1893 LOAD X -1
LOAD 3 LOADTYPE Seismic TITLE EQ
+Z 1893 LOAD Z 1
LOAD 4 LOADTYPE Seismic TITLE EQ -Z
1893 LOAD Z -1
LOAD 5 LOADTYPE Wind TITLE WL +X
WIND LOAD X 1 TYPE 1 YR 0 18.6
LOAD 6 LOADTYPE Wind TITLE WL -X
WIND LOAD X -1 TYPE 1 YR 0 18.6
LOAD 7 LOADTYPE Wind TITLE WL +Z
WIND LOAD Z 1 TYPE 1 YR 0 18.6
LOAD 8 LOADTYPE Wind TITLE WL -Z
WIND LOAD Z -1 TYPE 1 YR 0 18.6
LOAD 9 LOADTYPE Dead TITLE DL
SELFWEIGHT Y -1
MEMBER LOAD
25 TO 28 30 TO 33 36 38 40 42 54 55 57 64 TO 74 78 80 82 85 94 95 100 103 107 108 113 TO 116 118 TO 121 146 TO 149 151 TO 154 157 159 161 163 175
176 - 178 185 TO 195 199 201 203 206 215 216 221 224 228 229 234 TO 237 239 TO 242 267 TO 270 272 TO 275 278 280 282 284 296 297 299 306 TO 316 320
- 322 324 327 336 337 342 345 349 350 355 TO 358 360 TO 363 388 TO 391 393 394 TO 396 399 401 403 405 417 418 420 427 TO 437 441 443 445 448 457 458 -
57
LOAD COMB 12 GENERATED INDIAN CODE

GENRAL_STRUCTURES 2 9 1.2 10 1.2 5 1.2
GENRAL_STRUCTURES 6 9 1.2 10 1.2 5 -1.2
LOAD COMB 20 GENERATED INDIAN CODE GENRAL_STRUCTURES
10 9 1.2 10 1.2 1 1.2
11 9 1.2 10 1.2 2 1.2
12 9 1.2 10 1.2 3 1.2
13 9 1.2 10 1.2 4 1.2
59

14 9 1.2 10 1.2 1 -1.2
15 9 1.2 10 1.2 2 -1.2
16 9 1.2 10 1.2 3 -1.2
17 9 1.2 10 1.2 4 -1.2
18 9 1.5 5 1.5
19 9 1.5 6 1.5
20 9 1.5 7 1.5
21 9 1.5 8 1.5
22 9 1.5 5 -1.5
23 9 1.5 6 -1.5
24 9 1.5 7 -1.5
25 9 1.5 8 -1.5
LOAD COMB 36 GENERATED INDIAN CODE GENRAL_STRUCTURES 26
60
9 1.5 1 1.5
27 9 1.5 2 1.5
28 9 1.5 3 1.5
29 9 1.5 4 1.5
30 9 1.5 1 -1.5
31 9 1.5 2 -1.5
32 9 1.5 3 -1.5
33 9 1.5 4 -1.5
34 9 0.9 1 1.5
35 9 0.9 2 1.5
36 9 0.9 3 1.5
37 9 0.9 4 1.5
38 9 0.9 1 -1.5
61

39 9 0.9 2 -1.5
40 9 0.9 3 -1.5
41 9 0.9 4 -1.5
PERFORM ANALYSIS
LOAD LIST 11
PRINT SUPPORT REACTION ALL

PRINT MEMBER FORCES LIST 1 TO
24 START CONCRETE DESIGN
CODE INDIAN
FC 25000 ALL
FYMAIN 415000 ALL
FYSEC 415000 ALL
DESIGN COLUMN 1 TO 24
DESIGN BEAM 25 TO
121 CONCRETE TAKE
END CONCRETE
DESIGN FINISH
62
CHAPTER - 7
DESIGN OF SLABS
63
CHAPTER 7
DESIGN OF SLABS
7.1 DESIGN OF SLABS:
7.1.1 General:
Slabs are the plate elements forming floor and roof of building and carrying distributed
loads primarily by flexure. A slab is a flat, two-dimensional planar structural element
having a smaller thickness compared to its other two dimensions. It provides a working
flat surface or a covering shelter to buildings. It supports mainly transverse loads and
transfers them to supports primarily by bending action in one or more directions. Though
a RC slab is essentially a bending element, it differs from beam in the following aspects:
The bending cannot be only in one vertical plane as in case of beam but in
more than one vertical plane.
The slab is usually analyzed and designed, considering a strip of uniform length
Shear stresses are usually low and shear reinforcement is usually avoided
in width (usually 1m in practical design). Preference to increase in depth
over the region critical in shear.
Distribution steel provided at right angles to main steel in both the directions.
A reinforced concrete slab covers a relatively large area compared to a beam or

column. Therefore, volume of concrete and hence, dead load is large in case of
slab. A small reduction in the depth of slab therefore, leads to considerable
economy. But, care has to be taken to see that its performance (serviceability) is
not affected due to excessive deflection and cracking.
Depending on the direction of spacing (direction of distribution of loads), the
slabs are classified as following:
a. One way slabs and
b. Two way slabs
64
One way slabs:

Slabs supported on two parallel sides and carrying loads by bending in the
direction perpendicular to the support are known as one way slab.
Fig.7.1: One way slab

Two way slabs:
Rectangular slabs with length not very large as compared to its width (or) square
slabs supported on four sides carry loads by bending in two perpendicular
directions are known as two way slabs.
In our project the slabs we used are two way slabs and they are designated as
S1, S2, S3,,Sn. The typical design of two-way slab is presented below and the
design of other slabs is performed on the same steps.
Fig.7.2: Two - way slab

65
7.1.2 Typical design of two-way floor slab: (Considering s1)

Load calculation for floor slab:
Consider the slab S1 having:
Panel dimension
4500x4930 mm
Assume cover is 20 mm and width b = 1000 mm.

Fy
415N/mm
Fck
25N/mm
Thickness of slab:
From IS: 456-2000,
32,
32,
140.62 mm ~ 141 mm
Assuming to use 10mm diameter bars

So, we take the effective depth (d) = 141-20-( ) = 116 ~ 125 mm
Then,
Overall depth (D)

D
= 125 + 20 + (
= 150 mm
Effective Span:
Lx
4.5+0.1
4.6 m
Ly
4.93+0.1
5.03 m
66
Loads:
Self weight of slab and floor
finishes
Weight of
partitions
3.50 KN/m
2.00 KN/m
Live load
2.00 KN/m
7.50 KN/m
1.5 x 7.5 .
11.25 KN/m
1.09 < 2
Total load on floor slab

Factored load
=
Ratio
Hence two way slab will be designed.

Calculating Moments:
Ratio
1.09
x
-ve 0.032
+ve
0.024
y
-ve 0.032
+ve
0.024
Short Span Moments:

At continuous edges:
Mx
x x wlx
= -0.032x11.25x4.6
= -7.62 KN-m
67
At mid span:
Mx
x x wlx
= 0.024x11.25x4.6
= 5.71 KN-m
Long Span Moments:
At continuous edges:
My
y x wlx
= -0.032x11.25x4.6
= -7.62 KN-m
At mid span:
My
y x wlx
= 0.024x11.25x4.6
= 5.71 KN-m
Check for effective depth required:
M
d
d
=
=
7.62 KN-m
46.99 < 125
Hence it is safe.
68
Calculation of reinforcement:
At continuous edge of short span:
Mu
7.62 KN-m
0.87 x fy x Ast x d
Mu
7.62 x 10
Ast
(45131.25A )
2st
[1 0.000133Ast]
172.81 mm
Assuming to provide 10mm bars
1.
Spacing
2. 3d
3.
=
=
78.54X10
00
172.8
1
454.48 mm
3x125
375 mm
300mm
Provide 10 mm bars @ 300 mm c/c.

At mid span of short span:
Mu
5.71 KN-m
0.87 x fy x Ast x d
Mu
(45131.25A ) x
5.71x10
Ast
[1 0.000133Ast]
2st
128.72 mm
1. Spacing
=
=
78.54X10
00
128.7
2
610.16 mm
2. 3d
3x125
375 mm
300mm
3.

At continuous edges of long span:
These bars will be placed above the bars in x-direction
Hence,
Mu
d
=
125-10
115
7.62 KN-m
1
Mu
6
7.62x10
Ast
0.87fyAstd
(41520.75A )
2 st
255.11 mm
Assuming to provide 10mm

bars
1.
Spacing
[1 0.0011Ast]
78.54X1000
=
2.
3.
3d
=
=
307.86 mm
3x115
345 mm
300mm
70
255.11
At mid span of long span:

These bars will be placed above the bars in x-direction
Hence,
d =
125-10
= 115
Mu
Mu
5.71x10
Ast
5.71 KN-m
0.87fyAstd
=
=
(41520.75A )
2 st
[1 0.0011Ast]
168.9 mm

1.
Spacing
78.54X10
00
168.9 =
2.
3.
3d
3x115
=
=
465.00 mm
345 mm
300mm

Reinforcement in edge strip:
Ast
= 0.12% of gross area
x1000 x150 = 180mm
Using 8 mm diameter bars, spacing of bars

S
x1000
= 279.25 mm
Maximum spacing is (i) 5d = 5x125 = 625 mm

(ii) 450 mm whichever is less
Hence, provide 8 mm bars at 270 mm c/c in edge strips in both directions.
71
Check for Deflection:
% of steel at mid span,
Pt
Stress in reinforcement (fs)
=
=
x 100
0.58x415
0.209%
240 N/mm
From fig.4 of IS: 456-2000, modification factor = 1.5

Maximum permitted
ratio
32
Ratio provided
=
=
Hence, slab is safe from deflection.
72
30.66 < 32
CHAPTER - 8
84
CHAPTER - 8
Some of the sample analysis and design results have been shown below:
B E A M N O. 84 D E S I G N R E S U L T S
M25
Fe415 (Main)
LENGTH: 3140.0 mm SIZE:
Fe415 (Sec.)
230.0 mm X 600.0 mm COVER: 25.0 mm
SUMMARY OF REINF. AREA (Sq.mm)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------SECTION 0.0 mm
785.0 mm 1570.0 mm 2355.0 mm 3140.0 mm
---------------------------------------------------------------------------TOP
1626.32
726.15
267.10
0.00
0.00
REINF.
(Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm)
BOTTOM
103.56
0.00
264.98
538.26
970.26
REINF.
(Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------SUMMARY OF PROVIDED REINF. AREA
---------------------------------------------------------------------------SECTION 0.0 mm
785.0 mm 1570.0 mm 2355.0 mm 3140.0 mm
---------------------------------------------------------------------------TOP
9-16
4-16
2-16
2-16
2-16
REINF. 2 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s)
BOTTOM 2-25
REINF. 1 layer(s)
2-25
1 layer(s)
2-25
1 layer(s)
SHEAR 2 legged 8 2 legged 8 2 legged
2-25
2-25
1 layer(s) 1 layer(s)
8 2 legged 8 2 legged 8
REINF. @ 170 mm c/c @ 140 mm c/c @ 150 mm c/c @ 170 mm c/c @ 170 mm c/c
---------------------------------------------------------------------------SHEAR DESIGN RESULTS AT DISTANCE d (EFFECTIVE DEPTH) FROM

FACE OF THE SUPPORT
SHEAR DESIGN RESULTS AT 1015.0 mm AWAY FROM START
SUPPORT VY = 147.37 MX = -8.71 LD= 11
Provide 2 Legged 12 @ 170 mm c/c
85
Fig.8.1 Geometry of beam no. 84
Fig.8.2 Property of beam no. 84
86
Fig.8.3: Shear bending of beam no. 84
Fig.8.4: Deflection of beam no. 84

87
C O L U M N N O.
9DESIGN RES
ULTS
M25
Fe415 (Main)
Fe415 (Sec.)
LENGTH: 3000.0 mm CROSS

SECTION:
900.0 mm X
300.0 mm
COVER: 40.0
mm REQD.
STEEL AREA :
4551.85
Sq.mm.
REQD.
CONCRETE
AREA:
265448.16
Sq.mm.
MAIN
R
E
I
N
F
O
R
C
E
M
E
N
T
:
P
r
o
v
i
d
e
1
6
2
0
d
i
a
.
(
1
.
8
6
%
,
5
0
2
6
.
5
5
S
q
.
m
m
.
)
(
E
q
u
a
ll
y
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
d
)
TIE REINFORCEMENT :
Provide 8 mm dia. rectangular
ties @ 300 mm c/c
SECTION CAPACITY BASED ON
REINFORCEMENT REQUIRED
(KNS-MET)
--------------------------------------------------------Puz :
4403.06
Muz1 :
83.51 Muy1
: 291.41
INTERACT
ION
RATIO:
0.99 (as
per Cl.
39.6,
IS456:2000
)
Fig.8.9 CrossSection of the

column no. 9
91
92
Fig.8.11: Post processing mode in STAAD.Pro
Fig.8.12: Bending in Z direction
93
The stress at any point of any member can be found out in this mode. The
figure below depicts a particular case.
Fig.8.13: Shear stress at any section
Fig.8.14: Graph for shear force and bending moment for a beam
94
The above figure shows that the bending moment and the
Shear force can be studied from the graphs generated by
STAAD.Pro. The whole structure is shown in the screen
and we may select any member and at the right side we
will get the BMD and SFD for that member. The above
figure shows the diagrams for member beam 119.
Fig.8.15: Graph for shear force and

bending moment for a column
95
95

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ABSTRACT

In order to compete in the ever growing competent market it is very important

I feel elated to extend my floral gratitude to Smt. G. Himala Kumari,

ABOUT THE PROJECT

WORKING WITH STAAD-PRO

GENERATION OF THE STRUCTURE

SECTION TYPES FOR CONCRETE DESIGN

POST PROCESSING FACILITIES

ANALYSIS OF G + 5 RCC FRAMED

BUILDING USING STAAD.PRO

PHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF BUILDING

GENERATION OF MEMBER PROPERTY

MATERIALS FOR THE STRUCTURE

4.4.1 SESIMIC LOAD

4.4.2 WIND LOAD

4.4.3 DEAD LOAD

4.4.4 LIVE LOAD

4.4.5 LOAD COMBINATION

DESIGN OF G + 5 RCC FRAMED

STAAD.PRO INPUT COMMAND FILE

DESIGN OF SLABS, FOOTINGS AND

7.1.2 TYPICAL DESIGN OF TWO-WAY FLOOR SLAB

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN RESULTS

POST PROCESSING MODE

Basic wind speed at 10 m height for some

Zone factors for some important towns in

Calculation of lateral loads and Shear

Calculation of dead loads

STAAD input file

Generation of structure through GUI

Member load configuration

Plan of the G+5 Storey Building

Elevation of the G+5 Storey Building

Input window for Generation of member property

Fixing supports of the structure

STAAD utilizes the following procedure to generate

Bending moment and Shear force

STAAD utilizes the following procedure to generate the

Window showing wind load in +ve Z-direction

The structure elevation under live load

The plan of the structure under live load

GUI showing Auto Load Combination with Indian Code

GUI showing the analyzing window

Input Windows for Design Purpose

Design Specifications in STAAD.Pro

One way slab

Two - way slab

Details of Dog-Legged Staircase

Geometry of beam no. 84

Property of beam no. 84

Shear bending of beam no. 84

Deflection of beam no. 84

Geometry of beam no. 105

Property of beam no. 105

Shear bending of beam no. 105

Deflection of beam no. 105

Cross-Section of the column no. 9

Cross-section of the column no. 24

Post processing mode in STAAD.Pro

Shear stress at any section

Graph for shear force and bending moment for a beam

Graph for shear force and bending moment for a column

over all depth

depth of neutral axis