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General Introduction:

Industry and Environment,


Water and Waste Water Quality Standards

PART 1
Environment & Industry

The Function of Earth

1. Space
2. Natural Resources
3 Waste
3.
W t Bin
Bi
Keep the environment well

Principal Problem of the Earth


Population growth rate :
1985
:
1987
:
2000
:
2000-2100
:

4,3 billion people


5,0 billion people
6 4 billion people
6,4
8,2-14 billion people

Standard of living is not balanced : One person from the


north use of natural resources 40 times than the south

The Main Problem of Earth


The development of science and technology until now
generally still:
9 Maximally exploit the natural sources
9 Produce waste
Development doesnt considere adequate
environmental aspects.
Povertyy in the south and the establishment in the north
tend to damage the environment and wasting natural
resources.

Result if the challenge unanswered


Clean water crisis
Expansion of the land crisis:
9 Desertification
9 Erotion and land slide
9 Convertion of agricultural land into non-agricultural

Reduction
R d ti off the
th tropical
t i l forest
f
t area
((100 million ha are reduced 2000))

Destruction of plant and animal germplasm


Biodiversity decline
(10.000 species become extinct per year)

Result if the challenge unanswered


Destruction of the ocean environment
9 Exploitation of fish
9 Habitat destruction
9 Pollution from land
Climate change
9 O3 thinning
9 Greenhouse gas rise
Acid rain and hazardous and toxic waste increased
Human health and the environment threatened

Sustainability?

Industry Vs Environment

INDUSTRY

ENVIRONMENT

Industryy has an impact


p
on the environment

Exponential Growth
Population
P
l ti :

1950 (2
(2.5
5 B)
1993 (5
(5.5
5 B)
2045 (prediction 11 B)
The use of natural resources and
inefficiency: doubel/13 year
Extinction of flora and fauna species :
4 species is extinct/hour
Pollution
P ll ti : oil,
il h
hazardous
d
and
d ttoxic
i materials,
t i l
pesticides, etc.

Life Systems
Solar
S l E
Energy (Solar
(S l Capital)
C it l)
Materials Cycle (Earth Capital)
Gravitation
Sustainable Life:
Life from Earth Income
Income, not from Earth Capital
Sustainable Economy :
- Full-cost
F ll
t pricing
i i
((product
d t and
d service)
i )
- Internalization of external costs

Welfare Gaps
Developed Countries:
population 1.2 B (22% population)
control 85% of the world's wealth and income
Using 88% of natural resources
consumes 73% of energy
generate most of the waste
Developing Countries:
population 4.3
4 3 B (78% population)
only control15% of the worlds wealth and income
only using12% of natural resources
only consumes 27% of energy

R
Resources:
N
Non-renewable
bl
A limited amount in the crust of the earth:
- energy (coal, oil, natural gas, uranium);
- metal minerals ((iron,, copper,
pp , aluminum);
);
- non-metallic minerals (salt, gypsum, sand, phosphate,
water, soil)

Actually we will not entirely run out of primary nonrenewable but Economically Depleted!
renewable,
the cost>>> results obtained

Options: reduce consumption, recycle, reuse, reduce


waste, find substitutes (left), or ...

wait millions of years to produce even more!

Usefulness category of natural resources


b
based
d on availability
il bilit and
d concentration
t ti

High Quality: organized, concentrated, was in


y
the earth's surface layer
Low Quality: unorganized,
unorganized thin
thin, deep in the
bowels of the earth, dispersed in the ocean or
in the atmosphere
- Solid
S
vs G
Gas
- Coal, Gasoline vs. Emissions
- Aluminium Cans vs. Aluminium Seed

Resources: Potential of renewable


Can be updated relatively quickly through natural
p
processes:
forests, grasslands, flora and fauna (biodiversity),
fresh air, ground water, fertile soil
Potential Renewable resources and equipment to be
renewable if
usage rate <<<natural renewal process
The rate is called maximum Sustainable Yield.
If this
thi happens
h
exceeded
d d Environmental
E i
t l Degradation
D
d ti

Examples of
E i
Environmental
t l Degradation
D
d ti Causes
C
Closing
g the p
productive land for housing
g
Cultivation of agricultural without regarding
land management
Excessive extraction of ground water
Sport fishing, hunting
Water pollution,
pollution air
air, soil by industry

Pollution
Unexpected changes to the physical
characteristics chemical,
characteristics,
chemical or biological from
water, air, or soil that can affect / harm the
health or sustainability of human activity and
health,
living things
Source:
Natural: dispersed,
dispersed less dangerous
Human activity: concentrated, more dangerous

Pollution Impact

Damage of life support systems


Damage of living things
Human health problems
Property
p y damage
g
Impairment of aesthetics

Environment Impact

River water quality

1.
2
2.
3.
4.
5
5.

Pollution of organic matter


Ammonium Pollution
Coli bacteria contamination
Heavy metal pollution
Pesticide Pollution

Impact on PAM Raw Water Source


Source of Raw Water : - river
- gound water

decreased quality
Installed drinking
g water equipment/facility
q p
y is
generally not successful to clean up phosphate,
mercury, magnesium, lead, and ammonium from the
raw water

Water Pollution Impact on Health


1 Diarrhea
1983 : 400.000 people died because diarrhea
40.000 people died because cholera
1985 : 12% deaths because diarrhea
1 Infectious hepatitis
1977 until1986
til1986 : number
b off patients
ti t tended
t d d to
t increase
i
1 Skin disease
1986 : - Skin infections in infants include 12,2%
- skin infections for all ages covering 9
9.1%
1% of
all patients

Qualification Water Pollutants


Type
yp of pollutant
p

Influence

Trace element

Health, aquatic biota

Metallic compound

Metal transport

Anoraganic pollutant

Toxicity, aquatic biota

Asbestos

Human Health

N t i t - algae
Nutrient
l

E t fi ti
Eutrofication

Acidity, alkalinity, salinity

Water quality, aquatic life

Trace organic contaminant

Toxicity

Pesticides

Toxicity, aquatic biota ,wildlife

PCB

Human health

Oil waste

wildlife, aesthetics

Detergent

aesthetics

Sediment

Water quality, aesthetics

Taste, odor, colour

aesthetics

Pollution Impact Scale

Local : municipal waste


Regional : river pollution
Global
Gl b l : greenhouse
h
gas emission
i i

Pollution Category
For practical reasons: water, air, soil
y
Actual interaction between systems
- Acid Rain; SO2, Nox atm dispersion
acid rain
effect : water and soil biota(forrest
biota(forrest, agriculture)
- Garbage; Garbage landfill CH4 gas+
leachate
effect :CH4
: greenhouse gas
leachate : ground water contaminated

Pollutant Characteristics
Chemical properties: the level of activity and
danger of living things
Concentration: quantity per unit volume of
water, air,
i soilil
Persistence:
e s ste ce tthe
e residence
es de ce ttime
e in tthe
e syste
system
degradable (example phenol)
slowly degradable (example DDT)
non degradable (example Hg)

Factors affecting the quality of waste

Volume waste
Content of pollutants
Frequency of waste disposal

Indication of Water Pollution

Changes in pH (acidity / hydrogen ion


concentration)
Change
Ch
th
the color,
l smellll and
d ttaste
t
deposition colloidal
The emergence of deposition,
and dissolved materials precipitate

Part 2
Waters/ waste waters
quality Standar

size limits or levels of living creatures,


substances energy,
substances,
energy or components that exist
or should exist and / or pollutant elements
existence of which in a certain resource as an
element of the environment;

Environmental
Impact

Environmental
Quality
Standard

Effect of changes in the


environment caused by a business
and / or activities
;

Environmental Regulation

Law

Government Regulation

Presidential Decree

Ministerial Decree

Governor's Decree

Mayors Decree

Law
1. UU No 4 : 1982 (revised)

Basic provisions concerning the


environment

2. UU 23 : 1997

Environmental Management

3. UU 32 : 2009

Environmental Management

Goverment Regulation (PP)


1.

2.

3.

Environmental Quality Standards


PP 20/90 Controlling
g of water pollution
p
PP 19/99 Controlling of sea pollution
PP 41/99 Controlling of air pollution
PP 82/01 Management of water quality and water
pollution control
AMDAL (Environmental Impact Assessment)
PP 51/93 AMDAL (revised)
PP 27/99 AMDAL
Hazardous and toxic waste
PP 74/01 managementt off h
hazardous
d
and
d toxic
t i waste
t

Water Appropriation
Under
U
d th
the d
designation,
i
ti
th
the water
t iis classified
l
ifi d iinto:
t
Group A, is water that can be used as drinking water
directly without prior treatment
Group B, is water that can be used as raw water for
treatment as drinking water and household
Group
p C, is water that can be used for fisheries and
livestock
G
Group
oup D,, iss water
a e that
a can
ca be used for
o ag
agricultural
cu u a
purposes, and can also be used for urban businesses,
industries,, power
p
plants,
p
, and hydropower.
y p

Water Quality Standards


Clean Water
Permenkes (Regulation of health minister) no.
416 ( 1990 )

D i ki water
Drinking
t
Kepmenkes (Regulation of health minister) no.
492 (2010)
SNI (Indonesia National Standard) 01-3553-2006

Surface water (river


(river, lake
lake, sea)
PP ((Goverment Regulation)
g
) no 82 ( 2001))

Waste Water Quality Standards


Domestic Waste
KepMenLH No. 112 (2003)

Non-Domestic Waste
KepMenLH no. 51 (1995) industry
kepMenLH
k M LH no. 52 (1995) hotel
h t l
KepMenLH no
no. 58 (1995) hospital

Requirements for Clean Water /


D i ki
Drinking
W t Physical
Water
Ph i l

No.

Parameter

Unit

416/90

907/02

SNI

odorless

odorless

odorless

2 Colour

PtCo

50

15

3 Taste

Normal

Normal

Normal

4 TDS

mg/L

1500

1000

500

5 Turbidity

NTU

25

1.5

oC

Air
temperature
3 oC

Air
temperature
3 oC

1 Odor

6 Temperature

Requirements for Clean Water /


D i ki
Drinking
W t Chemical
Water
Ch i l
No.

Parameter

Unit

416/90

907/02

SNI

Arsenic

mg/L

0.05

0.01

Fluoride

mg/L

1.5

1.5

chromium 6

mg/L

0 05
0.05

0 05
0.05

0 05 (total)
0.05

cadmium

mg/L

0.005

0.003

0.003

Nitrate

mg/L

10

50

45

Nitrite

mg/L

1.0

0.005

cyanide

mg/L

01
0.1

0 07
0.07

0 05
0.05

Selenium

mg/L

0.01

0.01

0.01

Parameters that relate directly to health

Requirements for Clean Water /


D i ki
Drinking
W t Chemical
Water
Ch i l
No.

Parameter

Unit

416/90

907/02

SNI

Aluminum

mg/L

0.2

Iron

mg/L

1.0

0.3

0.1

Hardness

mg/L

500

500

Chloride

mg/L

500

250

250

Manganese

mg/L

0.5

0.1

0.05

pH

6.5-9.0

6.5-8.5

6.0-8.5

Zinc

mg/L

15

Sulfate

mg/L

400

250

200

Copper
pp

mg/L
g

0.5

10

Ammonia

mg/L

1.5

0.15

11

Lead

mg/L

0.05

0.01

0.005

Parameters that are not directly related to health

PP 82/2001

PP 82/2001

KepMenLH 112/2003

Domestic waste water standard


Parameter

Oil and Grase

Unit

Max Consentration

Waste water standard


No

Parameter

Unit

Max Consentration

PHYSICAL

CHEMICAL

KepMenLH
51/1995

KepMenLH 52/1995

W t water
Waste
t standard
t d d for
f hotel
h t l activities
ti iti
MAX CONCENTRATION

Waste water standard for hospital


Parameter

Max Consentration

PHYSICAL
CHEMICAL

MIKROBIOLOGICAL
RADIOACTIVITY

KepMenLH
58/1995

Thank You

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