Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PART 1
Environment & Industry
1. Space
2. Natural Resources
3 Waste
3.
W t Bin
Bi
Keep the environment well
Reduction
R d ti off the
th tropical
t i l forest
f
t area
((100 million ha are reduced 2000))
Sustainability?
Industry Vs Environment
INDUSTRY
ENVIRONMENT
Exponential Growth
Population
P
l ti :
1950 (2
(2.5
5 B)
1993 (5
(5.5
5 B)
2045 (prediction 11 B)
The use of natural resources and
inefficiency: doubel/13 year
Extinction of flora and fauna species :
4 species is extinct/hour
Pollution
P ll ti : oil,
il h
hazardous
d
and
d ttoxic
i materials,
t i l
pesticides, etc.
Life Systems
Solar
S l E
Energy (Solar
(S l Capital)
C it l)
Materials Cycle (Earth Capital)
Gravitation
Sustainable Life:
Life from Earth Income
Income, not from Earth Capital
Sustainable Economy :
- Full-cost
F ll
t pricing
i i
((product
d t and
d service)
i )
- Internalization of external costs
Welfare Gaps
Developed Countries:
population 1.2 B (22% population)
control 85% of the world's wealth and income
Using 88% of natural resources
consumes 73% of energy
generate most of the waste
Developing Countries:
population 4.3
4 3 B (78% population)
only control15% of the worlds wealth and income
only using12% of natural resources
only consumes 27% of energy
R
Resources:
N
Non-renewable
bl
A limited amount in the crust of the earth:
- energy (coal, oil, natural gas, uranium);
- metal minerals ((iron,, copper,
pp , aluminum);
);
- non-metallic minerals (salt, gypsum, sand, phosphate,
water, soil)
Actually we will not entirely run out of primary nonrenewable but Economically Depleted!
renewable,
the cost>>> results obtained
Examples of
E i
Environmental
t l Degradation
D
d ti Causes
C
Closing
g the p
productive land for housing
g
Cultivation of agricultural without regarding
land management
Excessive extraction of ground water
Sport fishing, hunting
Water pollution,
pollution air
air, soil by industry
Pollution
Unexpected changes to the physical
characteristics chemical,
characteristics,
chemical or biological from
water, air, or soil that can affect / harm the
health or sustainability of human activity and
health,
living things
Source:
Natural: dispersed,
dispersed less dangerous
Human activity: concentrated, more dangerous
Pollution Impact
Environment Impact
1.
2
2.
3.
4.
5
5.
decreased quality
Installed drinking
g water equipment/facility
q p
y is
generally not successful to clean up phosphate,
mercury, magnesium, lead, and ammonium from the
raw water
Influence
Trace element
Metallic compound
Metal transport
Anoraganic pollutant
Asbestos
Human Health
N t i t - algae
Nutrient
l
E t fi ti
Eutrofication
Toxicity
Pesticides
PCB
Human health
Oil waste
wildlife, aesthetics
Detergent
aesthetics
Sediment
aesthetics
Pollution Category
For practical reasons: water, air, soil
y
Actual interaction between systems
- Acid Rain; SO2, Nox atm dispersion
acid rain
effect : water and soil biota(forrest
biota(forrest, agriculture)
- Garbage; Garbage landfill CH4 gas+
leachate
effect :CH4
: greenhouse gas
leachate : ground water contaminated
Pollutant Characteristics
Chemical properties: the level of activity and
danger of living things
Concentration: quantity per unit volume of
water, air,
i soilil
Persistence:
e s ste ce tthe
e residence
es de ce ttime
e in tthe
e syste
system
degradable (example phenol)
slowly degradable (example DDT)
non degradable (example Hg)
Volume waste
Content of pollutants
Frequency of waste disposal
Part 2
Waters/ waste waters
quality Standar
Environmental
Impact
Environmental
Quality
Standard
Environmental Regulation
Law
Government Regulation
Presidential Decree
Ministerial Decree
Governor's Decree
Mayors Decree
Law
1. UU No 4 : 1982 (revised)
2. UU 23 : 1997
Environmental Management
3. UU 32 : 2009
Environmental Management
2.
3.
Water Appropriation
Under
U
d th
the d
designation,
i
ti
th
the water
t iis classified
l
ifi d iinto:
t
Group A, is water that can be used as drinking water
directly without prior treatment
Group B, is water that can be used as raw water for
treatment as drinking water and household
Group
p C, is water that can be used for fisheries and
livestock
G
Group
oup D,, iss water
a e that
a can
ca be used for
o ag
agricultural
cu u a
purposes, and can also be used for urban businesses,
industries,, power
p
plants,
p
, and hydropower.
y p
D i ki water
Drinking
t
Kepmenkes (Regulation of health minister) no.
492 (2010)
SNI (Indonesia National Standard) 01-3553-2006
Non-Domestic Waste
KepMenLH no. 51 (1995) industry
kepMenLH
k M LH no. 52 (1995) hotel
h t l
KepMenLH no
no. 58 (1995) hospital
No.
Parameter
Unit
416/90
907/02
SNI
odorless
odorless
odorless
2 Colour
PtCo
50
15
3 Taste
Normal
Normal
Normal
4 TDS
mg/L
1500
1000
500
5 Turbidity
NTU
25
1.5
oC
Air
temperature
3 oC
Air
temperature
3 oC
1 Odor
6 Temperature
Parameter
Unit
416/90
907/02
SNI
Arsenic
mg/L
0.05
0.01
Fluoride
mg/L
1.5
1.5
chromium 6
mg/L
0 05
0.05
0 05
0.05
0 05 (total)
0.05
cadmium
mg/L
0.005
0.003
0.003
Nitrate
mg/L
10
50
45
Nitrite
mg/L
1.0
0.005
cyanide
mg/L
01
0.1
0 07
0.07
0 05
0.05
Selenium
mg/L
0.01
0.01
0.01
Parameter
Unit
416/90
907/02
SNI
Aluminum
mg/L
0.2
Iron
mg/L
1.0
0.3
0.1
Hardness
mg/L
500
500
Chloride
mg/L
500
250
250
Manganese
mg/L
0.5
0.1
0.05
pH
6.5-9.0
6.5-8.5
6.0-8.5
Zinc
mg/L
15
Sulfate
mg/L
400
250
200
Copper
pp
mg/L
g
0.5
10
Ammonia
mg/L
1.5
0.15
11
Lead
mg/L
0.05
0.01
0.005
PP 82/2001
PP 82/2001
KepMenLH 112/2003
Unit
Max Consentration
Parameter
Unit
Max Consentration
PHYSICAL
CHEMICAL
KepMenLH
51/1995
KepMenLH 52/1995
W t water
Waste
t standard
t d d for
f hotel
h t l activities
ti iti
MAX CONCENTRATION
Max Consentration
PHYSICAL
CHEMICAL
MIKROBIOLOGICAL
RADIOACTIVITY
KepMenLH
58/1995
Thank You