Kiama topographic map extract

Map 2
1.

Draw a prcis map of the area (label some key human and physical features e.g.
beaches, coastal features, built up areas, roads, railway)
a) How do you think this area is used? Use evidence from the map to support your
answer.
The area close to the coast is used as a residential space, including hotels, caravan parks
and cabin lodges. This is evident from the labels on the map and the red area, which
shows all the buildings in the area.
The headland where the blowhole is was used as a lighthouse. There are also many
beaches, which are used as tourist destinations and as recreational areas, such as surf
beaches.
There is also a railway track running along the coast, to aid with transportation and
tourism.
b) What coastal issues may be created in this area?
The coastal issues created include pollution, both air and land, because it is quite a
residential area. The amount of tourism that Kiama receives also contributes to this
factor, as tourist spots and activities have to be built, as well as accommodation. There
are also many caravan parks, where the land can be harmed from the waste left behind
by park-goers and by the driving of the caravan over the land.
Stormwater run-off can potentially be a considerable problem because there are so
many residential/commercial buildings so close to the coastline. Polluted water will
inevitably run into the ocean and contaminate the fragile marine ecosystem.
Building houses on the sandy beach is also a problem, because it disturbs the natural
cycle of erosion and deposition of sand on the beach and can destroy the beach.
c) Describe the shape of the coastline
The coastline is quite uneven, with many sections of land jutting out into the sea, as
well as many cratering in. There is one straight stretch of land, Bombo Beach. The
headland upon where Kiama Blowhole lies is especially far out into the sea.
d) Explain why bays and headlands have formed along this coastline (include a
diagram to support your answer. Remember to include the different processes
operating erosion, transportation and deposition).

Bays have formed because the rock they were made of was softer than the rock
surrounding it, leading it to be eroded first and creating a crater in the coast. Headlands
have formed for the exact opposite reason, because their rock was harder than the rock
around, so it has not been eroded to the extent of the softer rock. The beaches are
created in the bays by the sediments that are eroded and that have been deposited in the
bays.

e) Identify (label) any areas on your map that may be in danger, include annotations
to explain why.
2.

Draw a transect 15 cm long from GR 010606 straight out east. You will need to include a
key to show your different zones!
a) Describe the transect from west to east
b) Explain why you think the built up area would have developed where it has done.
I think the built up area has developed where it has because it is close to the coast and
the beach, making it a very pleasant area to live in, in terms of weather and recreation.

3.

Produce a sketch map of the photo below. Annotate your sketch map with human and
physical features

4.

What is the scale of this map extract? (Written as a sentence)

The scale of this map extract is 1:25000, meaning that 1 cm on the map is equivalent to 250
m in reality.

5.

What is the contour interval on the map?

20 m

6.

What do contour lines show? What else can show this on a map?
Contour lines show the elevation and shape of the terrain. Different colours and shading can
also show different heights and shapes of the terrain.

7.

Name an area reference where there are very steep slopes.

0158

8.

What coastal feature is found in area reference 0461?

A headland is found in area reference 0461. There is also the Kiama Blowhole
a) Is this an erosional or depositional feature?
This is an erosional feature.
b) Explain how this has formed over time. (Include the type of rock, you may need to
research this, include a photo)
The headland has formed because there are alternating spots of soft and hard rock along
the coast. Over time, the water erodes the soft rock, like sand or clay on either side of
the hard rock, leaving a section of land jutting out.
The blowhole is created when the rock at the back of a cave is harder than the rock on
the roof, so the softer rock on the roof is eroded first and collapses, creating a hole in
the headland where the waves can rush through and be blasted against the back of the
cave through the hole.

9.

What coastal feature is found in area reference 0362?

a) Is this an erosional or depositional feature?
b) Explain the process of longshore drift happening here. (include a diagram)

10.

Suggest an area reference for photo 9. Why did you suggest this?

11.

Give the grid reference for:

a. The Blowhole
b. Kiama Harbour
c. Kaleula Head

12.

What is the human feature located at the following:

a. 036608
b. 031589
c. 033626

13.

In what direction is Spring Creek flowing?

14.

What is the direction and bearing of the Kiama Lighthouse (AR 0461) from Bombo station
(AR 0362)

15.

What is the length of Bombo Beach?

16.

What is the density of buildings in AR 0159?

17.

What is the aspect of the slope at GR 018588?

18.

What is the latitude and longitude of the Kiama Lighthouse?

Map 3
19.

Give the GRID reference for photo 8.

a) Is this an erosional or depositional feature?

b) Explain in your own words how this has formed (use the 4 different processes of erosion to do
explain this in detail)
20.

Give the GRID reference for a spit feature

a) Is this an erosional or depositional feature?

b) What could happen to this feature in the future?
21.

What is the elevation between the spot height in AR9968 and AR9765?

22.

What is the gradient from the spot height in AR9968 to AR9765?