Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INTRODUCTION
Information and communication technology (ICT) has been used more widely in
classrooms and schools. The utilization and integration of ICT tools into a learning
environment has contributed to a lot of positive consequences in which it has helped
deepen students content knowledge, engage them in constructing their own knowledge,
and support the development of complex thinking skills (Kozma, 2005; Kulik, 2003;
Webb & Cox, 2004).
Nevertheless, there are some barriers that hamper the implementation of the integration
of ICT in teaching and learning processes such as the challenge of insufficient ICT tools
or the absent of functionable tools due to lack of maintenance. In this situation, the
teacher of the schools has to think of other strategies to facilitate the achievement of the
pupils learning outcomes and to enhance the pupils learning. As the effective teaching
method required active participation of the pupils, activities that can let all the pupils to
be engaged in the lesson should be provided.
However, in the situation that the tool is not available, the lesson that
incorporated with the activities that fulfil the key purposes of the lesson is still possible to
be conducted.
OBJECTIVE
This research was carried out to find out strategies for enhancing pupils learning when
there is no functionable LCD projector available at the school.
Date
08/02/10-28/02/10
Activities
Reading literature
Remarks
Relevance articles
were downloaded
from the internet.
4
4-5
6
6
7
8
9
10-11
12
01-07/03/10
01-14/03/10
15-21/03/10
15-21/03/10
Finalize objective
Draft literature review
Devise research approach
Draft research strategy
22-26/03/10
29/03/10-01/04/10
05-11/04/10
12-25/04/10
26/04/10
and method
Cycle 1
Cycle 2
Update literature read
Report writing
Submission of the report
Research Cycles
Cycle 1
Plan
I wish to provide interesting group activity which requires no usage of LCD projector that
can motivate the pupils to learn and promote the spirit of teamwork among them. The
activity should be compatible with the level of the pupils as well. The following activity is
suggested in order to teach about breathing organ of animals:
In a group, the pupils will be required to make animal crafts. They will present the craft to
others and state orally the breathing organs for each animal craft.
For clarification of the ideas, colourful pictures or other suitable teaching and learning
resources will be provided.
Action
Printable animals craft had been downloaded from internet. The links: http://www.dltkkids.com/animals/index.html and http://www.enchantedlearning.com/crafts/animals/ are
some of the example of useful internet links from which the printable animal craft can be
downloaded.
During the stage of eliciting ideas of the lesson which conducted in order to teach about
the breathing organs for certain animals, the pupils were instructed to form a group. The
38 pupils were divided into 9 groups in which each group consist of 4-5 members. They
were asked to follow the instructions given in order to make a craft of animal such as
crab, eagle, fish, frog, monkey and rabbit.
The pupils were then required to present the animal craft they made to other and discuss
in a group to decide the breathing organ for it.
Colourful pictures were used to clarify the breathing organs for animals such as crab,
eagle, fish, frog, monkey and rabbit.
Observation
The pupils were actively participated during the lesson. They love the activity and
enjoyed cooperating with their friend while accomplishing the task given to them.
Furthermore, the pictures had attracted the pupils to listen to the teacher explanation.
Reflection
Strengths:
Although there were no activities such as video viewing or power point presentation or
online interactive games which can be used to easily attracted the attention of the pupils,
the pupils attention were still successfully gain through the activity of making craft
conducted during the lesson. The pupils, even with different intelligence capabilities were
successfully encouraged to be involve in the lesson as well. They loved the activities and
requested for the activity to be repeated during the next lesson. In addition, the colourful
pictures provided which had been enlarged into appropriate size have enabled the
teacher to clarify the breathing organ for the animals effectively.
Weaknesses:
The activity conducted was successfully used to encourage participation of all pupils.
However, the attainment of learning outcomes still can be improved. There were some
pupils (the remedial-class pupils) that have difficulty in spelling and writing. They were
able to state word orally but have difficulty to spell and write the word correctly.
Ways to improve:
Some other interesting activities such as classroom games should be included during the
lesson. The activities should be able to attract the pupils to learn and in the same time
contribute to their improvement in understanding of the content of the lesson as well as
enhancing the achievement of the learning outcomes. Some classroom games
instructions have been downloaded from the internet in order to be applied during the
lesson. The examples of useful internet links that provide ideas for classroom games are
such as http://www.eslkidstuff.com/Classroomgamesframe.htm
and http://www.eslteachersboard.com/cgi-bin/lessons/index.pl.
Cycle 2
Plan
In order to improve the delivery of the content of the lesson, a few more activities will be
integrated during the lesson in the hope that the remedial class pupils will be able to
overcome the problem of spelling and writing. Simple examples will be provided and
teaching aids will be used to help improve the pupils learning.
Action
Colourful pictures had been provided in order to help the pupils to visualize the animals
introduced during the lesson of animal reproduction. The stage of eliciting ideas
conducted by instructing the pupils to classify the animals according to the way they
reproduce. Two columns were provided on the whiteboard: animals that lay eggs and
animals that give birth. The selected pupils were asked to paste the provided pictures of
animals into the suitable columns.
The ability of the pupils to spell and write correctly the name of some animals were
improved by conducting the activity of arranging letter (pupils instruct to arrange letters to
form a word).
Worksheet was given to test the understanding of the pupils.
Observation
The activity conducted successfully gained the attention of the pupils. They voluntarily
participated and were managed to give good cooperation during the lesson.
Reflection
Strengths:
The activity conducted had helped to improve the pupils learning. The activity of
rearranging letter was successfully employed to help the remedial-class pupils to spell
and write the words introduced to them during the lesson correctly (based on their
performance in answering the worksheet given). The clarification of the ideas which
support with the colourful pictures had enhanced the understanding of the pupils.
Weaknesses:
The activities conducted had contributed to the obtainment of the learning outcomes.
However, the activities should not be repeated during each lesson as the teacher should
ensure that the activities conducted were relevance with the intelligence capabilities of
the pupils as well as the content of the lesson.
Ways to improve:
In order to teach effectively the teacher should be able to variety the lesson according to
the need of their pupils. The teaching courseware provided at school can be used as a
beneficial source of reference. Text books and reference books can be used as
references as well. In addition, the teacher can retrieve the information and the teaching
ideas from internet to enhance the lesson.
RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCES
Becta. (2003). What the Research Says about Using ICT in Maths. UK: Becta ICT
Research.
10
Carmen et al. Use of ICTs and the Perception of E-Learning among University Students:
A Differential Perspective according to Gender and Degree Year Group in
Interactive Educational Multimedia, No 7 (October 2003) pp 13- 28).
Kozma, R. (2005). National policies that connect ICT-based education reform to
economic and social development. Human Technology, 1(2), 117156.
Kulik, J. (2003). Effects of using instructional technology in elementary and secondary
schools: What controlled evaluation studies say (Final Report No. P10446.001).
Arlington, VA: SRI International.
Mohamad, M. (2002). The 2003 Budget Speech.
http://www.portsworld.com/budget/Budget%20Speech%202003%20(English).pdf
Trucano, Michael. (2005). Knowledge Maps: ICTs in Education. Washington,
DC: infoDev / World Bank.
Webb, M. & Cox, M. (2004). A review of pedagogy related to information and
communications technology. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 13(3), 235
286.
APPENDICES
A.
No.
11
Name
Gender
Race
P
L
P
L
L
L
L
L
P
P
L
P
P
L
L
L
P
P
L
P
P
P
P
L
IBAN
IBAN
IBAN
IBAN
IBAN
IBAN
IBAN
IBAN
IBAN
IBAN
IBAN
IBAN
IBAN
IBAN
IBAN
IBAN
IBAN
KAYAN
IBAN
CINA
IBAN
IBAN
IBAN
IBAN
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
Johnson
Mella Landan Ak Kunchi
Nickles ak Alezander*
Paul Anting Ak Dennis*
Rachel Ak Sanggau*
Ramos Ak Unting*
Regina Ak Balai*
Robinson Ak Kusa
Rosita Ak Nating
Sabrina Ak Henry
Sandy Ak Seliau*
Sasha Ak Joseph*
Thomas Bryan
Tuah Ak Mengkui*
P
L
L
P
L
P
L
P
P
P
P
L
L
IBAN
IBAN
IBAN
IBAN
IBAN
IBAN
IBAN
IBAN
IBAN
IBAN
IBAN
IBAN
IBAN
B.
Some pictures of classroom activities conducted during lesson.
12
13
C.
Estimated Cost of Action Research Project
No
Material
1
2
A4 Paper
Printer Cartridge
14
Quantity
Total
RM 20.00
- blank ink
1 cartridge x RM 75
RM 75.00
- colour ink
1 cartridge x RM 90
RM 90.00
- manila card
10 pieces x RM 0.50
RM 5.00
- marker
2 pieces x RM 3.50
Total of cost
RM 7.00
RM 197.00
Teaching Aid
15
D.
Gantt Chart of Research Implementation
No
Activities
1
2
3
Reading literature
Finalize objective
Draft literature
review
Devise research
approach
Draft research
6
7
8
9
10
read
Report writing
Submission of the
report
1
/
2
/
3
/
/
/
Week
7
10
11
12
13
/
/
/
/