Ang dialekto ay ang lokal na wika na ginagamit sa isang lugar, probinsya o

rehiyon. Ito ang maituturing na pangunahing wika na sinusundan lamang ng

pambansang wika. ang mga halimbawa ng dialektong Pilipino: salitang
tagalog, bisaya, ilonggo, ilokano, bikolano atbp.
Idyolek- nakagawiang pamamaraan sa pagsasalita ng isang individual o ng
isang pangkat ng mga tao. ( uri ng wikang ginagamit at iba pa)
- Individwal na estilo ng paggamit ng isang tao sa kanyang wika.
Hal:
Tagalog - Bakit?
Batangas - Bakit ga?
Bataan - bakit ah?

Listening is a broad term used to refer to complex affective, cognitive, and behavioral
processes.[1] Affective processes include the motivation to attend to others; cognitive
processes include attending to, understanding, receiving, and interpreting content and
relational messages; and behavioral processes include responding with verbal and
nonverbal feedback.
Receiving
Receiving is the intentional focus on hearing a speakers message, which happens when
we filter out other sources so that we can isolate the message and avoid the confusing
mixture of incoming stimuli. At this stage, we are still only hearing the message.
.
Understanding
In the understanding stage, we attempt to learn the meaning of the message, which is
not always easy.
Remembering
Remembering begins with listening; if you cant remember something that was said, you
might not have been listening effectively.
Evaluating
The fourth stage in the listening process is evaluating, or judging the value of the
message.
Responding

Respondingsometimes referred to as feedbackis the fifth and final stage of the

listening process. Its the stage at which you indicate your involvement. Almost anything
you do at this stage can be interpreted as feedback.

Formative Feedback
Not all response occurs at the end of the message. Formative feedback is a natural part
of the ongoing transaction between a speaker and a listener. As the speaker delivers the
message, a listener signals his or her involvement with focused attention, note-taking,
nodding, and other behaviors that indicate understanding or failure to understand the
message.
Summative Feedback
Summative feedback is given at the end of the communication. When you attend a
political rally, a presentation given by a speaker you admire, or even a class, there are
verbal and nonverbal ways of indicating your appreciation for or your disagreement with
the messages or the speakers at the end of the message.

Excessive Talking
Good conversational skills are an asset, and a person with these skills are
more likely to achieve professional success. However, talking more than
necessary is a barrier to effective communication. People hesitate to interact
with a person who talks excessively without listening to them. They may also
get bored, and excessive talking may be perceived as aggression.
Prejudice
Prejudice is a preconceived opinion of feeling, which is usually irrational.
Prejudice is very dangerous and has the potential to bring animosity into the
team and to break team spirit. The reason for a prejudice may be the
speaker's race, religion, age or appearance. A prejudiced person will not
make any effort to listen and understand.
Distractions
The four main types of distractions are physical, mental, auditory and visual.
Here's how to avoid this common barrier:
Expecting Others to Share Your Personal Beliefs and Values

Everybody has their own personal beliefs and value systems, and it's natural
to want to apply them to others around us. Learn to appreciate that others
don't have to share your beliefs. In fact, their unique perspectives may shine
light on problems and issues that you haven't been able to deal with before!
Misunderstanding
The inability to hear correctly is one of the many reasons for
misunderstanding what a speaker is trying to communicate. You may think
that it's impolite to ask the speaker to clarify his words or intentions, but
that's not the case at all. Most people will appreciate the fact that you are
making a focused effort to really understand what they are trying to say.
Interrupting
Interrupting a conversation with improper body language or inappropriate
words will have a negative impact in effective communication. Here's some
tips to help you avoid this barrier to effective listening:
Bringing in Emotions
Emotions erect barriers to effective communication. A listener's senses are
not likely to be functioning at their optimum level when he or she is angry.
Likewise, it is not possible to understand or appreciate what the speaker is
saying if the listener is excessively sad.
Noise
Noise is any unwanted sound. It is a great impediment to clear
communication. It is impossible to listen in a noisy environment it becomes
a frustrating experience for both the speaker and the listener.
Fear
Fear is a great barrier to listening. People who are afraid during a
conversation are not likely to listen. They become defensive and tend to
argue.
*Maintain eye contact eye contact keeps you focused on the conversation
at hand and keeps you involved
*Focus on using inviting body language, such as making eye contact,
uncrossing your arms, and turning your shoulders so youre facing the person

speaking. Use your body to show your interest and concern such as nodding
year head.
*Avoid thinking about what youre going to say next. Try not to get ahead of
the speaker by finishing his or her thoughts in your mind before the person is
finished speaking
*Participate in active listening by encouraging the speaker with nods and
affirmative words.
*Paraphrase and repeat what you heard when its your turn to talk. Dont
interrupt If youre interrupting the person speaking to get your point across,
youre not listening
*Ask questions or request examples for clarification and to get a better
understanding of what is being said.
*Stop doing other things fidgeting, texting, reading, etc., while someone
is speaking to you.
*Focus on content, not delivery. If you find yourself counting the number of
times someone clears their throat, touches their nose or says uh, your
attention is not on the subject matter and you need to refocus more on the
message.
*Ask open ended questions. Closed questions close the door to further
conversation by giving a yes or no answer. Whereas, open questions allow
for access to further dialogue. For example, the speaker might say, I dont
like my hair The listener might respond, What about your hair dont you
like? or, Tell me more about your feelings regarding your hair.
*Pay close attention to a speakers body language posture, eye movement
and facial expressions. This will give you cues to the meaning behind the
words being spoken and what he or she is really trying to convey.