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HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS
 www.hup.harvard.edu email: customer.care@triliteral.org tel: (800) 405󰀭1619
cloth • $29.95
ISBN 9780674736900
240 pages • 9 color illustrations, 21 halftones, 18 line illustrations
Governing Behavior 
 How Nerve Cell Dictatorships and  Democracies Control Everything We Do
Ari Berkowitz
Governing Behavior
 provides an accessible and engaging review of modern theories of neuroethology. Berkowitz presents an account of the experiments behind the theories that is at once clear, concise, scholarly, and entertaining.  His overarching analogy between nervous systems and governments works—and helps the reader to grasp the fundamental concepts of autonomy and  partnership that characterize neural circuits.” 
—Leslie Tolbert, University of Arizona
From simple relexes to complex choreographies of movement, all animal behavior is governed by a nervous system. But what kind of government is it—a dictatorship or a democracy?Nervous systems consist of circuits of interconnected nerve cells (neurons) that transmit and receive information via electrical signals. Every moment, each neuron adds up stimulating and inhibiting inputs from many other neurons to determine whether to send an electrical signal to its recipients. Some circuits are dominated by a single “dic
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tator” neuron that gathers information from many sources and then issues commands, such as the Mauthner neuron that triggers escape in ish. In other more “democratic” circuits, such as those mediating eye movements in monkeys, the outcome is determined by a tally of “votes” from a large population of neurons. Rhythmic movements like breathing and locomotion are generated by “government programs” within the central nervous system, but modiied by a soup of chemi
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cals and by free market–like feedback from sensory neurons. Nervous systems also use sophisticated surveillance of the surrounding envi
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ronment and keep track of their own decisions in order to avoid inter
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nal conlicts. Nervous systems are not restricted to using one set of procedures at a time. They have evolved over long periods to control behaviors in whichever ways are most eective, and they essentially combine multiple forms of government simultaneously.Engaging and accessible,
Governing Behavior 
 explains the variety of structures and strategies that control behavior, while providing an overview of thought-provoking debates and cutting-edge research in neurobiology.
Ari Berkowitz
 is a Presidential Professor in the Department of Biology and Director of the Cellular and Behavioral Neurobiology Graduate Program at the University of Oklahoma.

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