Cazuri de Solo-Terorism

Anders Behring Breivik
Andres Behring Breivik (AFI: 'n 'be i 'b ik ; n. 13 februarie 1979)[1] este un
extremist de dreapta norvegian, cunoscut pentru planificarea i executarea atacurilor din
Oslo i Utya de pe data de 22 iulie 2011.[8][9][10]
Cuprins
1 Biografie
2 Atacurile din 2011
3 Note
4 Legturi externe
Biografie
Breivik s-a nscut n Oslo la 13 februarie 1979,[2] ca fiu al lui Wenche Behring, asistent,
i al lui Jens David Breivik, economist, care a lucrat ca diplomat la Ambasada Regal
Norvegian n Londra i mai trziu n Paris.[11] i-a petrecut prima parte a vieii la
Londra, pn la vrsta de un an cnd prinii si au divorat, rmnnd apoi n custodia
mamei sale, alturi de care a trit ntr-un cartier din partea de vest a Osloului. Ambii si
prini s-au recstorit: tatl cu o diplomat, iar mama cu un ofier al armatei norvegiene.
[12]
Atacurile din 2011

Articol principal: Atacurile din Norvegia din 2011.
La 22 iulie 2011 Breivik a detonat o main-capcan n apropierea cldirilor
guvernamentale din Oslo, ucignd opt oameni. La o distan de cteva ore, a debarcat pe
insula Utya, unde se desfura o tabr a Partidului Muncitoresc, i, pretiznd a fi
poliist, a deschis focul asupra tinerilor prezeni, mpucnd mortal 69 de persoane.[10][13]
[14]
Cea mai tnr dintre victime a fost Sharidyn Svebakk-Bhn,[15] care tocmai mplinise
14 ani.[16]
ntruct vinovia sa a fost evident, procesul lui Breivik a fost dominat de dezbaterea
privind sntatea sa mintal. Dup multiple analize psihologice, s-a constatat c Breivik
este responsabil pentru faptele sale, i a fost condamnat la 21 de ani de nchisoare.[
Atacurile din Norvegia din 2011

De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liber
Salt la: Navigare, cutare
Fotografie imediat dup ce a avut loc explozia

Atacurile din Norvegia din 2011 au fost dou atacuri teroriste consecutive lansate
mpotriva guvernului, populaiei civile i unei tabere de var.
La data de 22 iulie 2011 la 15:26 CEST, o explozie puternic propagat dintr-o main
capcan din centrul capitalei norvegiene Oslo, n apropierea unor cldiri guvernamentale,
[1]
a cauzat decesul a opt persoane i rnirea altora, dintre care mai mult de zece victime
n stare critic.
n total, 77 de persoane (69 n urma celui de-al doilea atac) au decedat ca urmare a
exploziei din Oslo i a atacului cu arme de la o tabr a tineretului laburist de pe insula
Utya.[2][3]
Poliia norvegian l-a arestat pe Anders Behring Breivik, un extremist de dreapta[4]
norvegian n vrst de 32 de ani,[5] ca urmare a mpucturilor n mas de pe insula
Utya,[6] acesta fiind ulterior acuzat de producerea ambelor atacuri.[7] Ca rspuns,
Uniunea European, NATO i ri din ntreaga lume i-au exprimat sprijinul pentru
Norvegia i au condamnat atacurile.
Atacul fundamentalistului cretin din Norvegia, Anders Behring Breivik, a venit pe

neateptate. ns el nu a venit din neant. Situaia geopolitic schimbat dup prbuirea
comunismului rsritean a contribuit n mare msur i la o modificare a scenei
extremiste de dreapta din Apus. Internetul a creat i premisele pentru o comunicare rapid
ntre grupuri i persoane cu afiniti ideologice.
Astfel, Internetul a devenit pentru acetia un forum de propagand i organizare, ct i o
reea de transmitere a mesajelor. Totodat, Internetul devenise i o surs de inspiraie
pentru fptai individuali, care i construiesc ideologia eclectic din mesajele culese din
spaiul virtual.
n manifestul lui Anders Behring Breivik apar toate stereotipurile vehiculate n cercurile
conservatoare de dreapta, n cluburile de dezbatere neofasciste, n programele partidelor
radicale de dreapta, ale asociailor ezoterice, populiste i clerical-fundamentaliste. Este o
palet larg care cuprinde totdeauna i o declaraie de rzboi.
La Breivik inta este marxismul cultural (un concept cu nuane antisemite folosit i n
scrierile hitleritilor, fascitilor italieni sau legionarilor romni), societatea multicultural,
globalizarea i islamul. Aceste fenomene trebuie combtute, pentru c ele amenin,
chipurile, Occidentul cretin. Iar Occidentul trebuie salvat cu orice pre! Cu aciunea lui
dement, Breivik dorea s atrag atenia asupra obsesiilor sale ideologice, cutndu-i
modele n istorie. Se considera un urma al templierilor, care, dup 1118 aprau cu arma
n mn ara de natere a lui Isus.
Admirator al lui Vlad epe
n manifestul su i exprim i admiraia pentru voievodul romn Vlad epe. n secolul
al XV-lea acesta a dus, cu succes, n numele cretinismului, cteva rzboaie contra
expansiunii otomane, intrnd n istorie ca un domnitor crud, care-i trgea adversarii n
eap. Biografia voievodului l-a inspirat n secolul al XIX-lea pe autorul englez Bram
Stoker la crearea personajului de roman Dracula - devenit simbolul unui monstru
sngeros.
Admiratorii postumi ai lui Vlad epe l consider drept un domnitor cretin neptat i
patriot, o piedic n faa nvlirii musulmanilor spre Apus. Nu e deci nici o surpriz c
templierul norvegian l consider pe Vlad epe drept model n lupta sa contra
prezumtivei ameninri islamice i a disoluiei multiculturale a statelor naionale
europene, susinut de marxiti.
Cu scenarii de ameninare similare opereaz n ultimii 20 de ani diverse grupri, dar i
autori ca Thilo Sarrazin care vorbete despre declinul iminent al Germaniei i al culturii
i civilizaiei occidentale.
Stil bombastic i sacral
Dup 1990 au aprut peste tot aceti profei ai declinului care, de la Moscova la Dublin,
au strnit ecouri prin rspndirea predicilor lor apocaliptice. Ct de deschis este o parte a
opiniei publice pentru anumite lozinci populiste, naionaliste i xenofobe se poate vedea
n Ungaria. Aici partidul de guvernare Fidesz a introdus n preambulul Constituiei un soi
de crez naional. Textul este redactat ntr-un stil bombastic-sacral cu scopul de a trezi
amintiri legate de mileniul cretin glorios al Ungariei.
Recursul la istorie i invocarea unor figuri compromise fac parte din rechizitele
ideologice ale tuturor micrilor naionaliste de dreapta care se manifest n Europa
postcomunist. Naional-bolevicul rus, Alexandr Dughin neag n manifestul su
Arktogaia (ar nordic) imperiul contemporan al apocalipsei", descriindu-l ca
expresie a lui Anticrist i a capitalismului atlantico-liberal.
Dughin se revendic din religia ortodox, Revoluia Conservatoare, Noua Dreapt i s-a
inspirat, pe alocuri, din scrierile fascistului italian, Julius Evola (un admirator al lui
Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, liderul micrii legionarilor romni care-l adorau pe
arhanghelul Mihail). Evola devenise n ultimii ani o surs de inspiraie pentru numeroi
extremiti de dreapta din Est i Vest.
mpotriva cosmopolitismului i internaionalismului nivelator, contra masonilor i
materialismului ateu pledeaz i un clgur moldovean - Savatie Batovoi - n cteva
scrieri deghizate n romane science-fiction. n aceste romane sunt atacate valorile
occidentale, multiculturalismul i ecumenismul. Potrivit clugrului, doar un naionalism
cretin se poate opune cu succes globalizrii. Fr a fi citit crile clugrului (inspirate,
pe alocuri, tot din teoriile toxice care circul pe Internet), norvegianul Breivik a transpus
mesajul, punnd mna pe arm.
Asta este in engleza dar mai consistenta sic red ca mai poti lua elemente de aici

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Born
Nationality
Religion
Criminal
penalty
Date
Location(s)
Target(s)
Killed
Injured
Weapon(s)
13 February 1979 (age 34)[1]

Oslo, Norway[2]
Norwegian
Christianity (Church of Norway)[3][4]
21 years preventive detention
Killings
22 July 2011
15:25 CEST
Oslo and Utya, Norway
Norwegian Labour Party
77
319[5]
Car bomb (made using ammonium
nitrate/fuel oil) (ANFO)
Ruger Mini-14 Carbine
Glock 34 pistol
Anders Behring Breivik (Norwegian pronunciation: [n: ber brivik];[6] born

13 February 1979) is the perpetrator of the 2011 Norway attacks. On 22 July 2011, he
bombed government buildings in Oslo, killing eight people. He then killed 69 more
people, mostly teenagers, in a mass shooting at a Workers' Youth League (AUF) camp on
the island of Utya.[7][8] In August 2012 he was convicted of mass murder, causing a fatal
explosion, and terrorism.[9][10]
On the day of the attacks, Breivik electronically distributed a compendium of texts
entitled 2083: A European Declaration of Independence, describing his far-right militant
ideology.[11][12][13][14] In them, he lays out a worldview encompassing Islamophobia,
support for "far-right Zionism"[11] and opposition to feminism.[15][16] The texts call Islam
and Cultural Marxism "the enemy", argue for the violent annihilation of "Eurabia" and
multiculturalism and advocate deportation of all Muslims from Europe based on the
model of the Bene decrees.[17][18] Breivik wrote that his main motive for the atrocities
was to market his manifesto.[19]
Two teams of court-appointed forensic psychiatrists examined Breivik before his trial.
The first report diagnosed Breivik as a paranoid schizophrenic.[20] A second psychiatric
evaluation was commissioned following widespread criticism of the first.[21] The second
evaluation was published one week before the trial; it concluded that Breivik was not
psychotic during the attacks nor during the evaluation.[22] He was instead diagnosed as
having a narcissistic personality disorder.[23] His trial began on 16 April 2012, with
closing arguments made on 22 June 2012.[24]
On 24 August 2012, the Oslo District Court issued findings that Breivik was sane, and
guilty of murdering 77 people. He was sentenced to 21 years in prison, in a form of
preventive detention that required a minimum of 10 years incarceration and the
possibility of an extension of that incarceration for as long as he is deemed a danger to
society. This is the maximum penalty in Norway; he will likely remain in prison for the
remainder of his life.[25] Breivik announced that he did not recognize the legitimacy of the
court, and therefore did not accept its decision; he claims he "cannot" appeal because this
would legitimize the authority of the Oslo District Court.[26][27]
Contents
1 Biography
o 1.1 Early life
o 1.2 School
o 1.3 Adulthood
o 1.4 Planning attacks
2 2011 attacks
3 Arrest and preparations for trial
o 3.1 Psychiatric evaluation
4 Criminal trial
o 4.1 Court verdict
5 Post-trial
6 Writings and video
o 6.1 Forums
o 6.2 YouTube video
6.3 Manifesto
6.3.1 Content
6.3.2 Comments
o 6.4 Defence hearing
7 Religious and political views
o 7.1 Islamophobia and Zionism
o 7.2 Christianity
8 Links to organizations
o 8.1 Oslo Shooting Club
o 8.2 Freemasons
o 8.3 Progress Party
o 8.4 English Defence League (EDL)
o 8.5 Knights Templar
9 Writing influences
10 Notable books related to Anders Behring Breivik
o 10.1 Controversy about "The Mother"
11 In popular culture
12 See also
13 References
14 External links
o
Biography
Early life
Anders Behring Breivik grew up on the west side of Oslo. From 1982 to 1994 he lived
with his mother in this house in Skyen.
Breivik was born in Oslo on 13 February 1979,[1][2] the son of Wenche Behring (1946
2013), a nurse, and Jens David Breivik (born 1935), a civil economist, who worked as a
diplomat for the Norwegian Embassy in London and later Paris.[28] He spent the first year
of his life in London until his parents divorced when he was one year old. His father, who
later married a diplomat, fought for his custody but failed. When Breivik was four, two
reports were filed expressing concern about his mental health, concluding that Anders
ought to be removed from parental care.[29] One psychologist in one of the reports made a
note of the boy's peculiar smile, suggesting it was not anchored in his emotions but was
rather a deliberate response to his environment.[30] In another report by psychologists
from Norway's centre for child and youth psychiatry (SSBU) concerns were raised about
how his mother treated him: "She 'sexualised' the young Breivik, hit him, and frequently
told him that she wished that he were dead." In the report Wenche Behring is described as
"a woman with an extremely difficult upbringing, borderline personality structure and an
all-encompassing if only partially visible depression" who "projects her primitive
aggressive and sexual fantasies onto him [Breivik]". The psychologist who wrote the
report was later forbidden from giving evidence in court by Behring who herself was
excused from testifying on health grounds.[31]
Breivik lived with his mother and his half sister in the West End of Oslo and regularly
visited his father and stepmother in France, until they divorced when he was 12. His
mother also remarried, to an officer in the Norwegian Army.[29] His family name is
Breivik, while Behring, his mother's maiden name, is his middle name and not part of the
family name. His family name comes from Breivika in Hadsel, and literally means "broad
vik".[7]
Anders Breivik has criticised both of his parents for supporting the policies of the
Norwegian Labour Party, and his mother for being, in his opinion, a moderate feminist.
He wrote about his upbringing: "I do not approve of the super-liberal, matriarchal
upbringing as it completely lacked discipline and has contributed to feminising me to a
certain degree."
Breivik attended Smestad Grammar School, Ris Junior High, Hartvig Nissens Upper
Secondary School and Oslo Commerce School.[32] A former classmate has recalled that he
was an intelligent student who often took care of people who were bullied.[33] Breivik
chose to be confirmed into the Lutheran Church of Norway at the age of 15.[4][34][35][36]
When he reached adolescence Breivik's behaviour was described as having become
rebellious. In his early teen years he was a prolific graffiti artist, part of the hip hop
community in Oslo West. He took his graffiti much more seriously than his comrades and
was caught by the police on several occasions; Child Welfare Services were notified once
and he was fined on two occasions.[37] According to Breivik's mother, after he was caught
spraying graffiti on walls in 1995, at the age of 16, and fined, his father stopped contact
with him.[37][38] They have not been in contact since then.[39] The opposite view is claimed
by Breivik's father, that it was his son who broke off contact with him and that he would
always have welcomed Anders despite his destructive activities.[40] At this age he also
broke off contact with the hip hop community after he had a falling out with his best
friend.[41]
School
Breivik attended Smestad Primary School and Ris middle school in the west of Oslo, and
Hartvig Nissens school and Oslo Commerce School (199598). A classmate said that
Breivik was perceived as an intelligent person, physically stronger than others of the
same age; he took care of people who were bullied.[42]
Since adolescence, Breivik had spent much time on weight training, and started using
anabolic steroids. He cared a lot about his own looks and about appearing big and strong.
In his early twenties he underwent cosmetic surgery, according to friends, in the chin,
nose and forehead, and was very satisfied with the result.[43]
Adulthood
Breivik was exempt from conscription to military service in the Norwegian Army and has
no military training.[44] The Norwegian Defence Security Department, which conducts the
vetting process, say he was deemed "unfit for service" at the mandatory conscript
assessment.[45] In 1997, at age 18, he lost 2 million kroner ($369,556)[46] in the stock
market.[47]
After the age of 21 Breivik was in the customer service department of an unnamed
company, working with "people from all countries" and being "kind to everyone".[48] A
former co-worker described him as an "exceptional colleague",[49] while a close friend of
his stated that he usually had a big ego and would be easily irritated by those of Middle
Eastern or South Asian origin.[50]
Planning attacks
Breivik claims that in 2002 (at the age of 23) he started a nine-year-plan to finance the
2011 attacks, founding his own computer programming business while working at the
customer service company. He claims that his company grew to six employees and
"several offshore bank accounts", and that he made his first million kroner at the age of
24.[51] The company was later declared bankrupt and Breivik was reported for several
breaches of the law.[52] He then moved back to his mother's home, according to himself to
save money. The first set of psychiatrists who evaluated him said in their report his
mental health deteriorated at this stage and he went into a state of withdrawal and
isolation.[53] His declared assets in 2007 were about NOK 630,000. (US$116,410[46]),
according to Norwegian tax authority figures.[48] He claims that by 2008 he had about
NOK two million (US$369,556[46]) and nine credit cards giving him access to 26,000 in
credit.[51]
In May 2009 he founded a farming company under the name "Breivik Geofarm",[54]
described as a farming sole proprietorship set up to cultivate vegetables, melons, roots
and tubers.[55]
Also in 2009 he visited Prague in an attempt to buy illegal weapons. He was unable to
obtain a weapon there, and Breivik decided to obtain weapons through legal channels in
Norway instead.[56] He obtained one semi-automatic 9 mm Glock 17 pistol legally by
demonstrating his membership in a pistol club in the police application for a gun licence,
and the semi-automatic Ruger Mini-14 rifle by possessing a hunting licence.[57] Breivik's
manifesto included writings detailing how he played video games such as World of
Warcraft to relax, and Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 for "training-simulation".[58] He
further told a court in April 2012 that he trained for shooting using a holographic device
while playing Call of Duty. He claimed it helped him gain target acquisition.[59]
Breivik had no declared income in 2009 and his assets amounted to 390,000 kroner
($72,063[46]), according to Norwegian tax authority figures.[48] He states that in January
2010 his funds were "depleting gradually". On 23 June 2011, a month before the attacks,
he paid the outstanding amount on his nine credit cards so he could have access to funds
during his preparations.[51]
In late June or early July 2011, he moved to a rural area south of sta in mot, Hedmark
county, about 140 km (87 mi) northeast of Oslo,[60] the site of his farm. As he admits in
his manifesto he used the company as a cover to legally obtain large amounts of artificial
fertiliser and other chemicals for the manufacturing of explosives.[60] A farming supplier
sold Breivik's company six tonnes of fertiliser in May.[61] The newspaper Verdens Gang
reported that after Breivik bought a small quantity of an explosive primer from an online
shop in Poland, his name was among 60 passed to the Police Security Service (PST) by
Norwegian Customs as having used the store to buy products. Speaking to the newspaper,
Jon Fitje of PST said the information they found gave no indication of anything
suspicious. In his manifesto Breivik described his first experiments with explosives, and
details a successful test detonation at a remote location on 13 June 2011.[citation needed] He
sets the cost of the preparations for the attacks at 317,000 "130,000 out of pocket and
187,500 euros in lost revenue over three years." [sic][48]
Breivik's farmer neighbour described him as looking like a "city dweller, who wore
expensive shirts and who knew nothing about rural ways". Breivik had also covered up
the windows of his house. The owner of a local bar, who once worked as a profiler of
passengers' body language at Oslo airport, said there was nothing unusual about Breivik,
who was an occasional customer at the bar.[62]
2011 attacks
Main article: 2011 Norway attacks
Oslo city centre, shortly after Breivik's ANFO car bomb detonated
Flowers laid in front of Oslo Cathedral the day after the attacks.
On 22 July 2011, Breivik bombed government buildings in Oslo, which resulted in eight
deaths.
Within hours after the explosion he arrived at Utya island, the site of a Norwegian
Labour Party youth camp, posing as a police officer in order to take the ferry to the
island, and then opened fire on the unarmed adolescents present, reportedly killing 69.[63]
[64][65]
The youngest victim was Sharidyn Svebakk-Bhn of Drammen,[66] who was 14
years old.[67] Another victim was Trond Berntsen, the step-brother of Crown Princess
Mette-Marit (the son of Princess Mette-Marit's late stepfather).[68]
Breivik confessed and stated that the purpose of the attack was to save Norway and
Western Europe from a Muslim takeover, and that the Labour Party had to "pay the price"
for "letting down Norway and the Norwegian people".[69]
When an armed police SWAT unit from Oslo arrived on the island and confronted him, he
surrendered without resistance.[70] After his arrest, he was held by armed police on the
island, and interrogated throughout the night, before being moved to a holding cell in
Oslo. On the way to his first jail meeting, Breivik's police escort was met with an angry
crowd, some of whom shouted "burn in hell" or "traitor", while others used stronger
words.[65][69][71]
Arrest and preparations for trial

On 25 July 2011, Breivik was charged with violating paragraph 147a of the Norwegian
criminal code,[72][73] "destabilising or destroying basic functions of society" and "creating
serious fear in the population",[74] both of which are acts of terrorism under Norwegian
law. He was ordered held for eight weeks, the first four in solitary confinement, pending
further court proceedings.[72][75] The custody was extended in subsequent hearings.[76] The
indictment was ready in early March. The Director of Public Prosecutions had initially
decided to censor the document to the public, leaving out the names of the victims as well
as details about their slayings. Due to many reactions, this decision was reversed shortly
prior to its release.[77] On 30 March, the Borgarting Court of Appeal announced that it had
scheduled the expected appeal case for 15 January 2013. It will be conducted in the same
specially constructed court room where the initial criminal case will be tried.[78]
Anders Behring Breivik has been remanded at Ila Prison since his arrest. There, he has at
his disposal three prison cells: one where he can rest, sleep, and watch DVD movies or
television, a second that is set up for him to use a PC without Internet connection, and a
third cell with gym equipment that he can use. Only selected prison staff with special
qualifications are allowed to work around him, and the prison management aims to not let
his presence as a high-security prisoner affect any of the other inmates.[79] Subsequent to
the January 2012 lifting of letters and visitors censorship for Breivik, he has received
several inquiries from private individuals,[80] and he has devoted time to writing back to
like-minded people. According to one of his attorneys, Breivik is curious to learn whether
his manifesto has begun to take root in society. Breivik's attorneys in consultation with
Breivik are considering to have some of his interlocutors called to witness during the
trial.[81] Several media, both Norwegian and international, have requested interviews with
Breivik. The first such was cancelled by the prison administration following a
background check of the journalist in question. A second interview has been agreed to by
Breivik, and the prison has requested a background check to be done by the police in the
country where the journalist is from. No information has been given about the media
organisations in question.[82]
Psychiatric evaluation
Breivik underwent his first examination by court-appointed forensic psychiatrists in 2011.
The psychiatrists diagnosed him with paranoid schizophrenia, concluding that he had
developed the disorder over time and was psychotic both when he carried out the attacks
and during the observation. He was also diagnosed with abuse of non-dependenceproducing substances antecedent of 22 July. The psychiatrists consequently found Breivik
to be criminally insane.[83][84]
According to the report, Breivik displayed inappropriate and blunted affect and a severe
lack of empathy. He spoke incoherently in neologisms and had acted compulsively based
on a universe of bizarre, grandiose and delusional thoughts. Breivik alluded to himself as
the future regent of Norway, master of life and death, while calling himself "inordinately
loving" and "Europe's most perfect knight since WWII". He was convinced that he was a
warrior in a "low intensity civil war" and had been chosen to save his people. Breivik
described plans to carry out further "executions of categories A, B and C traitors" by the
thousands, the psychiatrists included, and to organise Norwegians in reservations for the
purpose of selective breeding. Breivik believed himself to be the "knight Justiciar grand
master" of a Templar organisation. He was deemed to be suicidal and homicidal by the
psychiatrists.[83]
According to his defence attorney, Breivik initially expressed surprise and felt insulted by
the conclusions in the report. He later stated that "this provides new opportunities".[85]
[clarification needed]
The outcome of Breivik's first competency evaluation was fiercely debated in Norway by
mental health experts, over the court-appointed psychiatrists' opinion and the country's
definition of criminal insanity.[86][87] An extended panel of experts from the Norwegian
Board of Forensic Medicine reviewed the submitted report and approved it "with no
significant remarks".[88] News in the meantime emerged that the psychiatric medical staff
in charge of treating prisoners at Ila Detention and Security Prison did not make any
observations that suggested he suffered from either psychosis, depression or was suicidal.
According to senior psychiatrist Randi Rosenqvist, who was commissioned by the prison
to examine Breivik, he rather appeared to have personality disorders.[87][89][90] Counsels
representing families and victims filed requests that the court order a second opinion,
while the prosecuting authority and Breivik's lawyer initially did not want new experts to
be appointed. On 13 January 2012, after much public pressure, the Oslo District Court
ordered a second expert panel to evaluate Breivik's mental state.[91] He initially refused to
cooperate with new psychiatrists.[92] He later changed his mind and in late February a new
period of psychiatric observation, this time using different methods than the first period,
was begun.
If the original diagnosis had been upheld by the court, it would have meant that Anders
Behring Breivik could not be sentenced to prison. The prosecution could instead have
requested that he be detained in a psychiatric hospital.[93] Medical advice would then have
determined whether or not the courts decided to release him at some later point. If
considered a perpetual danger to society, Breivik could have been kept in confinement for
life.[94] Shortly after the second period of psychiatric observation prior to the trial was
begun, the prosecution stated that they expected that Breivik would be declared legally
insane.[95][96] On 10 April 2012, the second psychiatric evaluation was published with the
conclusion that Breivik was not psychotic during the attacks and he was not psychotic
during their evaluation.[22] Instead, they diagnosed antisocial personality disorder and
narcissistic personality disorder.[23][97][98] Breivik expressed hope at being declared sane in
a letter sent to several Norwegian newspapers shortly before his trial, writing about the
prospect of being sent to a psychiatric ward he stated: "I must admit this is the worst
thing that could have happened to me as it is the ultimate humiliation. To send a political
activist to a mental hospital is more sadistic and evil than to kill him! It is a fate worse
than death."[99]
On 8 June 2012, Professor of Psychiatry Ulrik Fredrik Malt testified in court as an expert
witness, stating that he finds it unlikely that Breivik is schizophrenic. According to Malt,
Breivik suffers from Asperger syndrome, Tourette syndrome, narcissistic personality
disorder and possibly paranoid psychosis.[100] The Asperger syndrome conclusion was
rebutted by Eirik Johannesen.[101] Johannesen had observed and spoken to Breivik for
more than 20 hours.[102]
Criminal trial
Main article: Trial of Anders Behring Breivik
The criminal trial of Breivik began on 16 April 2012 in Oslo Courthouse under the
jurisdiction of Oslo District Court. The appointed prosecutors are Inga Bejer Engh and
Svein Holden with Geir Lippestad serving as Breivik's lead counsel for the defence.
Closing arguments were held on 22 June.[24]
Court verdict
On 24 August 2012 Breivik was adjudged sane and sentenced to containmenta special
form of a prison sentence that can be extended indefinitelywith a time frame of 21
years and a minimum time of 10 years, the maximum penalty in Norway.[103] Breivik's
lead counsel Geir Lippestad confirmed that his client would not appeal the sentence.[104]
The court stated that "many people share Breivik's conspiracy theory, including the
Eurabia theory. The court finds that very few people, however, share Breivik's idea that
the alleged 'Islamisation' should be fought with terror."[105]
Post-trial
The entrance of Skien Prison

As of 26 July 2012, Anders Behring Breivik had received almost 600 letters in his prison
cell. Although he has a computer at his disposal, he does not have access to the Internet.
All correspondence from Breivik therefore must be sent on paper, and the prison
authorities monitor the content. The newspaper Verdens Gang reported on 26 July 2012
that Breivik planned to set up an organisation he called the Conservative Revolutionary
Movement which he envisioned consisting of around 50 right-wing activists in Europe, as
well as an organization for imprisoned right-wing activists. The newspaper writes that
Breivik has written to, among others, Peter Mangs and Beate Zschpe. Since the trial he
has spent 810 hours per day writing. He has said that he wants to write three books: the
first being his own account of the events on the day of the attacks, the second discussing
the ideology underlying his actions, and a third on his visions for the future. He has also
stated that he wants to study political science during his prison sojourn.[106][107]
Politicians from several Norwegian parties have protested Breivik's activities in prison,
which they see as him continuing to espouse his ideology and possibly encouraging
further criminal acts.[108] The prison authorities have queried the Ministry of Justice on
whether these activities, which Breivik terms as network building, can be perceived in the
context of the terrorist acts he has committed and have received an affirmative reply from
the ministry. This would mean that letters from Breivik may be confiscated.[106][107] The
clause which authorises such measures contains the wording, "...if the package contains
information on planning or execution of punishable offense, evasion of the execution or
acts which will disturb peace, order, and security".[106]
On 23 July 2012 Breivik was transferred to Skien Prison. The transfer was unannounced
to the public and unknown to Breivik himself due to reconstruction work at Ila Prison
where Breivik was to serve out his prison sentence under psychiatric care due to
inadequate security at Norwegian psychiatric hospitals. He was incarcerated at Skien for
approximately ten weeks.[109]
In November 2012 Anders Behring Breivik wrote a letter of complaint to the prison
authorities about the conditions he is being held under. Amongst his complaints were that
his cell is not adequately heated and he has to wear three layers of clothing to stay warm,
his cell is poorly decorated and has no view, the handcuffs used when he moves around
the prison are too sharp and cut his wrists and he is too rushed for his morning shave and
teeth cleaning.[citation needed] He has described his conditions in prison as a "mini Abu
Ghraib."[110]
On 23 March 2013 Breivik's mother Wenche Behring Breivik died from complications
from cancer.[111] On the same day media said that mother and son "took farewell during a
meeting at Ila last week. Breivik was permitted to move himself out of the cage in the
visit roomto give his mother a goodbye hug (avskjedsklem)".[112] Breivik had asked for
permission by the prison officials to attend his mother's funeral service;[113] the request
was rejected.[114]
Writings and video

Forums
Janne Kristiansen, Chief of the Norwegian Police Security Service (PST), has stated that
Breivik "deliberately desisted from violent exhortations on the net [and] has more or less
been a moderate, and has neither been part of any extremist network."[115] He is reported
to have written many posts on the Islam-critical[116] website document.no.[117] He also
attended a meeting of "Documents venner" (Friends of Document), affiliated with the
website, in the fall of 2009.[118] Due to the media attention on his Internet activity
following the 2011 attacks, document.no compiled a complete list of comments made by
Breivik on its website between September 2009 and June 2010.[119][120][121]
In his writings Breivik displays admiration for the English Defence League (EDL),
expressing an interest in starting a similar organisation in Norway, and writing that he had
advised them to pursue a strategy of provoking overreaction from Jihad Youth/ExtremeMarxists, which in turn might draw more people to join the organisation.[citation needed] On 25
July 2011 British Prime Minister David Cameron announced a review of Britain's own
security following the attacks.[122] EDL issued a statement on 24 July 2011 condemning
the attacks, saying that "No form of terrorism can ever be justified and the taking of
innocent lives can never be justified".[123] Some editorialists criticised the EDL and other
anti-Muslim groups in this context.[124][125][126] The Norwegian newspaper Dagens
Nringsliv writes that Breivik sought to start a Norwegian version of the Tea Party
movement in cooperation with the owners of document.no, but that they, after expressing
initial interest, ultimately turned down his proposal because he did not have the contacts
he promised.[127] He also expressed his admiration of the Russian Prime Minister Vladimir
Putin, finding him "a fair and resolute leader worthy of respect", though he was "unsure
at this point whether he has the potential to be our best friend or our worst enemy."
Putin's spokesman Dmitri Peskov has denounced Breivik's actions as the "delirium of a
madman".[128]
YouTube video
Six hours before the attacks, Breivik posted a YouTube video urging conservatives to
"embrace martyrdom" and showing himself wearing a thermal sports top and pointing a
Ruger Mini-14.[citation needed] He also posted a picture of himself as a Knight Templar officer
in a uniform festooned with gold braid and multiple medals.[citation needed] In the video he put
an animation depicting Islam as a trojan horse in Europe.[129] Analysts describe it as
promoting physical violence towards Muslims and Marxists who reside in Europe.[130]
Manifesto
Content
Breivik has been linked to a document titled 2083: A European Declaration of
Independence,[131] which is 1,518 pages long and bears the name "Andrew Berwick".[132]
[133]
Breivik admitted in court that it was mostly other people's writings he had cut-andpasted from the web.[134] The file was e-mailed to 1,003 addresses about 90 minutes
before the bomb blast in Oslo.[131][135] The document describes two years of preparation of
unspecified attacks, supposedly planned for autumn 2011, involving a rented Volkswagen
Crafter van (small enough to not require a truck driving license) loaded with 1,160
kilograms (2,600 lb) of ammonium nitrate/fuel oil explosive (ANFO), a Ruger Mini-14
semi-automatic rifle, a Glock 34 pistol, personal armor including a shield, caltrops, and
police insignias. It also reports that Breivik spent thousands of hours on gathering email
addresses from Facebook for distribution of the document, and that he rented a farm as a
cover for a fake farming company buying fertilizer (3 tons for producing explosives and 3
tons of a harmless kind to avoid suspicion) and as a lab. It describes burying a crate with
the armor etc. in July 2010 in the woods, and collecting it on 4 July 2011, and
abandoning his plan to replace it with survival gear because he did not have a second
pistol. It also expresses support for far-right groups such as the English Defence
League[136] and paramilitaries such as the Scorpions.[137]
The introductory chapter of the manifesto defining "Cultural Marxism" in the Frankfurt
School conspiracy theory sense is a copy of Political Correctness: A Short History of an
Ideology by the Free Congress Foundation.[138][139][140] Major parts of the compendium are
attributed to the pseudonymous Norwegian blogger Fjordman.[141] The text also copies
sections of the Unabomber manifesto, without giving credit, while replacing the words
"leftists" with "cultural Marxists" and "black people" with "muslims".[142] The New York
Times described American influences in the writings, noting that the compendium
mentions the anti-Islamist American Robert Spencer 64 times and cites Spencer's works
at great length.[143] The work of Bat Ye'or is frequently cited.[144] Neoconservative blogger
Pamela Geller,[145] Neo-pagan writer Koenraad Elst[146] and Daniel Pipes are also
mentioned as sources of inspiration.[147] The manifesto further contains quotes from
Thomas Jefferson and George Orwell,[148] as well as from Jeremy Clarkson's Sunday
Times column and Melanie Phillips' Daily Mail column.[149] The publication speaks in
admiration of Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Geert Wilders, Bruce Bawer, Sra Trifkovi,[150] and
Henryk M. Broder.[151] Breivik blames feminism for allowing the erosion of the fabric of
European society.[15] The compendium advocates a restoration of patriarchy which it
claims would save European culture.[15][152]
In his writings Breivik states that he wants to see European policies on multiculturalism
and immigration more similar to those of Japan and South Korea,[153] which he said are
"not far from cultural conservatism and nationalism at its best".[154] He expressed his
admiration for the "monoculturalism" of Japan and for the two nations' refusal to accept
refugees.[155][156] The Jerusalem Post describes his support for Israel as a "far-right
Zionism". He calls all "nationalists" to join in the struggle against "cultural
Marxists/multiculturalists".[11]
He summarizes his goals, stating "I believe Europe should strive for: A cultural
conservative approach where monoculturalism, moral, the nuclear family, a free market,
support for Israel and our Christian cousins of the east, law and order and Christendom
itself must be central aspects (unlike now)."[157]
Comments
Norwegian computer security analysts are in the process of researching what appear to be
hidden codes in Breivik's manifesto, including references to the GPS coordinates of
several major sites throughout Europe.[158]
Benjamin R. Teitelbaum, PhD student at Brown University, argues that several parts of
the manifesto suggest that Breivik was concerned about race, not only about Western
culture or Christianity, labeling him as a white nationalist.[159]
Thomas Hegghammer of the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment has described
the ideologies of Breivik as "not fitting the established categories of right-wing ideology,
like white supremacism, ultranationalism or Christian fundamentalism", but more akin to
macro-nationalism and a "new doctrine of civilisational war".[160] Norwegian social
scientist Lars Gule characterised Breivik as a "national conservative, not a Nazi".[161] Pepe
Egger of the think-tank Exclusive Analysis says "the bizarre thing is that his ideas, as
Islamophobic as they are, are almost mainstream in many European countries."[162]
In one section of the manifesto entitled "Battlefield Wikipedia" Breivik explains the
importance of using Wikipedia as a venue for disseminating views and information to the
general public,[163] although the Norwegian professor Arnulf Hagen claims that this was a
document that he had copied from another author and that Breivik was unlikely to be a
contributor to Wikipedia.[164] According to the leader of the Norwegian chapter of the
Wikimedia Foundation an account has been identified which they believe Breivik used.
[165][166]
In the second day of his trial Breivik cited Wikipedia as the main source for his
worldview.[167] The blogger Fjordman claims that a large part of his manifesto quoted
Wikipedia and that it "probably shaped his strange and imprecise political vocabulary".
[168]
Defence hearing
In the pre-trial hearing, February 2012, Breivik read a prepared statement demanding to
be released and treated as a hero for his "pre-emptive attack against traitors" accused of
planning cultural genocide. He said, "They are committing, or planning to commit,
cultural destruction, of which deconstruction of the Norwegian ethnic group and
deconstruction of Norwegian culture. This is the same as ethnic cleansing."[169]
Religious and political views

Islamophobia and Zionism
Following his apprehension, Breivik was characterised by analysts as being a right-wing
extremist with anti-Muslim views and a hatred of Islam,[170] who considered himself a
knight dedicated to stemming the tide of Muslim immigration into Europe.[171][172]
He was at first described by many in the media as a Christian fundamentalist, Christian
terrorist, nationalist and right-wing extremist.[65][173][174][175][176][177] He claims that the
European Union is a project to create "Eurabia"[178][179][180] and describes the 1999 NATO
bombing of Yugoslavia as being authorised by "criminal western European and American
leaders".[181] The Jerusalem Post describes him as pro-Israel and strongly opposed to
Islam, and asserts that his manifesto includes "extreme screed of Islamophobia" and "farright Zionism".[11] In his writings Breivik states that "the Battle of Vienna in 1683 should
be celebrated as the Independence Day for all Western Europeans as it was the beginning
of the end for the second Islamic wave of Jihads."[182]
The manifesto urges the Hindu nationalists to drive Muslims out of India.[183] He demands
the forced deportation of all Muslims from Europe, based on the model of the Bene
decrees.[17][184]
Christianity
In 2009, he wrote "Today's Protestant church is a joke. Priests in jeans who march for
Palestine and churches that look like minimalist shopping centres. I am a supporter of an
indirect collective conversion of the Protestant church back to the Catholic."[185] On his
Facebook profile, Breivik described himself as a Christian, though he is critical of the

Catholic and Protestant churches, objecting to their "current suicidal path".[citation needed]
Before the attacks, he stated an intention to attend Frogner Church in a final "Martyr's
mass".[186]
The manifesto states its author is "100 percent Christian",[4] but he is not "excessively
religious"[4] and considers himself a "cultural Christian" and a "modern-day crusader".[3][4]
His manifesto states "I'm not going to pretend I'm a very religious person, as that would
be a lie", calls religion a crutch and a source for drawing mental strength, and says "I've
always been very pragmatic and influenced by my secular surroundings and
environment." Regarding the term cultural Christian, which he says means preserving
European culture, he notes, "It is enough that you are a Christian-agnostic or a Christianatheist (an atheist who wants to preserve at least the basics of the European Christian
cultural legacy...)"[3][177] Furthermore, Breivik stated that "myself and many more like me
do not necessarily have a personal relationship with Jesus Christ and God."[3][187]
Nevertheless, he stated that he planned to pray to God seeking for his help during his
attacks.[188]
Breivik condemns Pope Benedict XVI for his dialogue with Islam: "Pope Benedict has
abandoned Christianity and all Christian Europeans and is to be considered a cowardly,
incompetent, corrupt and illegitimate Pope." It will thus be necessary, writes Breivik, to
overthrow the Protestant and Catholic hierarchies, after which a "Great Christian
Congress" would set up a new European Church.[189] He has also condemned Christian
missionary activity in India as it would lead to the "total destruction of the Hindu faith
and culture", and he expresses support for the Hindutva movement against Indian
Communist movements.[190]
American Christian press has also highlighted that Breivik appears to have addressed
followers of the Neopagan religion of Odinism in his writ. In regards to them, he says,
"even Odinists can fight with us or by our side as brothers" in the Knights Templar
organisation of which Breivik claims to be a founding member. He later says to reject
Odinism, saying that the Thor's Hammer cannot unify the people of Europe, but that the
Christian cross will.[191]
Deputy police chief Roger Andresen initially told reporters that information on Breivik's
websites was "so to speak, Christian fundamentalist".[65][192][193][194] Subsequently, others
have disputed Andresen's characterisation of Breivik as a Christian fundamentalist.[189][195]
Rev. Olav Fykse Tveit, head of the World Council of Churches and himself Norwegian,
accused Breivik of blasphemy for citing Christianity as a justification in his murderous
attack.[3][196]
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Atacurile armate din Toulouse i Montauban

De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liber
Salt la: Navigare, cutare
Atacurile armate din Toulouse i Montauban 2012
Departamentele unde alerta terorist Vigipirate a fost ridicat la cel mai nalt nivel
Loc
Regiune Midi-Pyrnes, Frana:

Toulouse
Obiectiv
Data
Tip atac
Arme
Mori
Rnii
Montauban
Soldaii francezi i civilii evrei
11 martie 2012
22 martie 2012
Atac armat la coal, crime n mas
Pistolul M1911
8 (4 civili,[1] 3 soldai, atacatorul)
5
Atacurile armate din Toulouse i Montauban au fost o serie de atacuri armate care au
avut ca int soldaii francezi i civilii evrei din oraele Montauban i Toulouse din
regiunea Midi-Pyrnes, Frana n martie 2012.[1][2][3] n total, apte persoane au fost
ucise, iar alte cinci persoane au fost rnite, patru foarte grav. Fptuitorul a fost mpucat
i ucis dup un asediu de 30 de ore fcut de poliie.
Primul atac a avut loc pe 11 martie, cnd un parautist musulman francez a fost mpucat
mortal n Toulouse. Un al doilea atac a avut loc pe 15 martie, cnd au fost ucii doi
soldai n uniform, iar un altul a fost rnit ntr-un centru comercial din Montauban. Pe
19 martie, patru oameni, inclusiv trei copii, au fost ucii la coala evreiasc de zi Ozar
Hatorah.[4][5] Ulterior, Vigipirate, nivelul de alert terorist din Frana , a fost ridicat la cel
mai nalt nivel n regiunea Midi-Pyrnes i departamentele din jur.[6] Organizaia
Naiunilor Unite,[7] multe guverne din jurul lumii,[8] i Consiliul francez al credinei
musulmane au condamnat atacurile.[9]
Autorul a fost identificat ca fiind Mohamed Merah, de 23 de ani, un terorist islamist
franco-algerian[10], care a fost n trecut un infractor mrunt.[11][12][13][14] Merah a atacat
personalul Armatei Franceze, din cauza implicrii sale n rzboiul din Afganistan. Merah
a admis motivaii antisemite[15] i a spus c a atacat coala evreiasc pentru a razbuna
copiii palestinieni, declarnd: Evreii i ucid pe fraii si surorile noastre n Palestina.[16]
[17][18]
Merah a fost crescut ntr-o atmosfer de ur i rasism,[19] iar anchetatorii francezi cred
c Merah a trecut la Salafism n nchisoare, iar radicalizarea lui a crescut dup dou
cltorii pe care le-a fcut n Afganistan i Pakistan.[12][20][21][22] Unele surse au citat, de
asemenea, apropierea lui Merah de Al-Qaeda[23][24] i faptul c avea probleme
psihologice[14], ca factori n atacurile armate.[25] Merah a spus c era mujahedin i a
pretins c avea legturi cu grupul terorist al-Qaeda[26], dei acest lucru a fost negat de
ctre autoritile franceze.[27][28] Preedintele Sarkozy a descris atacul ca fiind unul izolat.
[29]
a b France shooting: Toulouse Jewish school attack kills four. BBC News. 19 martie
2012. Accesat la 19 martie 2012.
^ Chrisafis, Angelique (19 martie 2012). Toulouse shooting: four killed outside
Jewish school. The Guardian. Accesat la 19 martie 2012.
^ Eroare la citare: Etichet <ref> invalid; niciun text nu a fost furnizat pentru
ref-urile numite BBC_What_We_Know
^ Une fusillade devant une cole juive Toulouse fait au moins trois morts (n
French). Le Monde. Agence France-Presse, Reuters. 19 martie 2012.
^ Four killed in shooting at Jewish school in France. Haaretz. 19 martie 2012.
Accesat la 19 martie 2012.
^ "France on highest terror alert in shooting region" CBS News
ref-urile numite condemn2
^ Toulouse shooting: Israeli PM condemns 'despicable murder of Jews'. The Daily
Telegraph (London: TMG). 19 martie 2012. Accesat la 23 martie 2012.
ref-urile numite Condemn1
^ http://www.zinfos974.com/Alger-refuse-d-accueillir-la-depouille-de-Merah-il-seraenterre-a-Toulouse_a39683.html
ref-urile numite WP
ref-urile numite theaus
^ Authorities Helpless to Prevent Lone Wolf Attacks. Spiegel Online. Accesat la 10
iunie 2012.
ref-urile numite SMHpsych
ref-urile numite as
^ What are the real lessons to be learned from the Toulouse killings?. The Telegraph.
^ Siege Of French Gunman Into Second Day. Sky News. 22 martie 2012. Accesat
la 31 martie 2012.
ref-urile numite eitb
^ How my hate-filled family spawned Merah the monster. Independent. Accesat la
13 noiembrie 2012.
^ Alexander, Harriet (Toulouse shootings: the making of a French jihadi killer with a
double life). Toulouse shootings: the making of a French jihadi killer with a double life.
The Telegraph. Accesat la 1 aprilie 2012.
^ Toulouse shootings: Merah's path to murde. BBC. 22 martie 2012. Accesat la 2
aprilie 2012.
^ Beaumont, Peter (21 martie 2012). Mohamed Merah: polite neighbour who was
turned down by French army. The Guardian. Accesat la 10 aprilie 2012.
^ How did Mohammed Merah become a jihadist?. CNN. 26 martie 2012. Accesat
la 3 aprilie 2012.
^ Allen, Peter (28 martie 2012). Jewish schoolboy, 12, beaten up in latest antiSemitic attack to hit France... as school where Islamic terrorist Merah killed four receives
hate mail. Daily Mail. Accesat la 28 martie 2012.
ref-urile numite CNNBernard
^ French school shooting suspect will surrender for killings 'in name of al-Qaeda' to
end siege. National Post. 21 martie 2012.
^ No evidence French gunman had ties to Al Qaeda, official says. Fox News.
^ Format:Cite article
^ Mohamed Merah Had No Al Qaeda Terror Network Links, Says Sarkozy.
Huffington post. 3 iunie 2012.
Varianta in engleza
Varianta in engleza
Toulouse and Montauban shootings

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
2012 Toulouse and Montauban shootings
Toulouse
Montauban
Location of Toulouse and Montauban, France

Midi-Pyrnes region, France:
Location
Toulouse
Montauban
11 March 2012
22 March 2012
Muslim French soldiers and Jewish
civilians
Spree shooting, school shooting,
siege
Three Colt 45s
AK-47 assault rifle
Uzi submachine gun
Sten submachine gun
Winchester 12 gauge pumpaction shotgun
9mm Glock pistol
Colt Python .357 Magnum
revolver
Date
Target
Attack type
Weapon(s)
Numerous other firearms
Deaths
Injured (nonfatal)
Perpetrator
8 (including the perpetrator)

5
Mohammed Merah[1]
The Toulouse and Montauban shootings were a series of three gun attacks targeting
Muslim French soldiers and Jewish civilians in the cities of Montauban and Toulouse in
the Midi-Pyrnes region of France in March 2012.[2][3][4] In total, seven people were
killed, and five others were injured, four seriously. The perpetrator was shot and killed
after a 30-hour siege with police.
The first attack occurred on 11 March, when a Muslim French paratrooper was shot dead
in Toulouse. A second attack on 15 March killed two uniformed soldiers and seriously
injured another in a shopping centre in Montauban. On 19 March, four people, including
three children, were killed at the Ozar Hatorah Jewish day school.[5][6] Thereafter, the
Vigipirate, France's terror alert system, was raised to its highest level in the MidiPyrnes region and surrounding departements.[7] The United Nations,[8] many
governments around the world,[9] and the French Council of the Muslim Faith condemned
the attacks.[10]
The perpetrator was identified as Mohammed Merah, a 23-year-old French-Algerian
Islamist[11] terrorist who was previously a petty criminal.[12][13][14][15] Merah attacked French
Army personnel reportedly because of its involvement in the war in Afghanistan. Merah
admitted antisemitic motivations,[16] and said he attacked the Jewish school because "The
Jews kill our brothers and sisters in Palestine."[17][18][19]
Merah was raised in an "atmosphere of racism and hatred",[20] and French investigators
believe that Merah turned to Salafism in prison and his radicalization increased after two
journeys he made to Afghanistan and Pakistan.[13][21][22][23] Some sources have also cited
Merah's familial connections to Al Qaeda[24] and his history of psychological issues[15] as
factors in the shootings.[25] Merah said he was a mujaheed and claimed ties to the terrorist
group al-Qaeda,[26] though this has been denied by French authorities.[27][28] President
Sarkozy described the attack as isolated.[29] The police investigation suggested that he was
not working alone and had made more than 1,800 calls to over 180 contacts in 20
different countries, in addition to several trips to the Middle East and Afghanistan.[30]
Contents
1 Attacks
o 1.1 11 March: paratrooper in Toulouse
o 1.2 15 March: three paratroopers in Montauban
o 1.3 19 March: Ozar Hatorah school in Toulouse
1.3.1 Victims
2 Profile of perpetrator
o 2.1 Earlier life
2.2 Manhunt
2.3 Siege and death
2.4 Motivation
2.5 Filming
3 Reactions
o 3.1 Reactions in French society
o 3.2 Rallies
o 3.3 Criticism of media
4 Aftermath
o 4.1 Fears of backlash
o 4.2 Internet law proposal
o 4.3 Anti-Semitic incidents
o 4.4 Possible accomplice
o 4.5 Arrest and expulsion of radical Islamists
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
o
o
o
o
Attacks
The shootings were connected and were perpetrated by Mohammed Merah (see below).
The authorities determined that all of the attacks involved the same weapon, a .45 pistol.
[4][31]
In all three attacks, the helmeted shooter arrived and left on the same stolen scooter.
[32]
11 March: paratrooper in Toulouse

On 11 March, Master Sergeant Imad Ibn-Ziaten, aged 30, an off-duty paratrooper in the
1st Parachute Logistics Regiment (1er Rgiment du train parachutiste) was killed when he
was shot in the head at point-blank range outside a gym in Toulouse.[3][4] At the time IbnZiaten was waiting to meet someone who had claimed to be interested in buying a
motorcycle from him, and it is suspected that the supposed buyer attacked him instead.[4]
The perpetrator was described as wearing a helmet and riding a motorcycle.[33]
The family of Ibn-Ziaten subsequently buried him in their hometown of M'diq, Morocco.
[34]
15 March: three paratroopers in Montauban

On Thursday, 15 March, at around 14:00, two uniformed soldiers were killed and a third
was seriously injured outside a shopping centre in Montauban, around 50 km north of
Toulouse, while withdrawing money from a cash machine. They were all from the 17th
Parachute Engineer Regiment (17e Rgiment du gnie parachutiste), whose barracks are
close to the town. Corporal Abel Chennouf, 24, and Private Mohamed Legouad, 23, both
of North African origin, were killed. Corporal Loc Liber, 28, from Guadeloupe, was left
in a coma. The security cameras showed the killer on a powerful moped and wearing a
black helmet. The killer reportedly pushed aside an elderly woman, who was waiting to
withdraw money from the cash machine, while taking aim.[4][35][36]
19 March: Ozar Hatorah school in Toulouse
Map of the school, and access map of Merah's residence.

The Ozar Hatorah school in Toulouse is part of a national chain of at least twenty Jewish
schools throughout France, educating children of primarily Sephardic, Middle Eastern
and North African descent. The school is a middle and secondary school, with most
children between the ages of 11 to 17. It also serves as a transportation node for other
schools. Many parents bring their younger children to Ozar Hatorah, and place them on
shuttle buses that travel to the other schools in the area.
At about 8:00 am on 19 March, a man drove up to the Ozar Hatorah school on a Yamaha
TMAX motorcycle. He dismounted, and immediately opened fire toward the schoolyard.
The first victim was a rabbi and teacher at the school who was shot outside the school
gates as he tried to shield his two young sons from the gunman. The gunman shot one of
the boys as he crawled away, as his father and brother lay dying on the pavement. He
then walked into the schoolyard, chasing people into the building.
Inside, he shot at staff, parents, and students. He chased an 8-year-old girl into the
courtyard, caught her by her hair and raised a gun to shoot her. The gun jammed at this
point and he changed weapons from what the police identified as a 9mm pistol to a .45
calibre gun, and shot the girl in her temple at point-blank range.[32][37][38][dead link][39] The
gunman then retrieved his moped and drove off.
Security was increased in the immediate aftermath of the shooting. Many Jewish
institutions were already under continuous protection, but as a result of the shootings,
streets in France that have Jewish institutions on them were closed to traffic.[32] President
Nicolas Sarkozy, as well as other candidates in the presidential elections, immediately
traveled to Toulouse and to the school and the election campaign was suspended. Sarkozy
called for a minute of silence in all schools the following day.[40]
The type of scooter used in the shootings, a Yamaha TMAX.

On 23 March, Ange Mancini, intelligence adviser to President Sarkozy, said Merah had
wanted to kill a soldier, but arrived too late and instead attacked the nearby Jewish
school.[41]
Victims
Four people died: 30-year-old Rabbi Jonathan (Yonatan) Sandler; his two oldest (out of
three) children Aryeh, aged 6, and Gabriel, aged 3; and the head teacher's daughter, eightyear-old Miriam Monsonego, the girl shot in the head.[39][42][43] Bryan Bijaoui, a 17-yearold[44] Jewish boy, was gravely injured.[45] It was the worst school-related attack in French
history.[46]
The bodies of all four dead were flown to Israel on 20 March, accompanied by French
foreign minister Alain Jupp.[47] They were buried by family members at the Har
HaMenuchot cemetery in Jerusalem. The two deceased children of Sandler were dual
French-Israeli citizens, as are Sandler's widow and surviving child.[48]
Profile of perpetrator
Mohammed Merah
Born
Died
10 October 1988[49]
Toulouse, France
22 March 2012 (aged 23)[50]
Toulouse, France
Algeria
Citizenship
France
Occupation
Mechanic
Organization Al-Qaeda (disputed)[27]
Religion
Islam[26]
Zoulika Aziri (mother)
Parents
Mohamed Benalel Merah (father)[51]
Mohammed Merah (Arabic: ; 10 October 1988 22 March 2012) was a French
and Algerian citizen, born to French parents of Algerian descent.[52][53]
Earlier life
Merah was born on 10 October 1988. His parents divorced when he was five.[54] He was
raised, along with his two brothers and sisters, by his single mother in a "tough part of
Toulouse".[55] As a minor he was described as having "a violent profile from childhood
and behavioural troubles".[56]
During his youth he was arrested numerous times, mostly for petty crimes such as pursesnatching.[55] He was first arrested in 2005 and served two short prison terms; the first
was 18 months in 2007-8 for aggravated robbery,[54] the second was in 2009. His
convictions reportedly included thefts and driving offences.[57] According to his friends he
never went to the mosque.[58] He was known to French authorities because he had
travelled to Afghanistan and Pakistan.[59]
After the shootings, a French intelligence document, dating back to 2006, was published
by French TV station M6, which presented Merah as a member of the Islamist jihadist
movement, Forsane Alliza, a France organisation with a cluster of followers in Toulouse,
that are suspected of inciting to violence and terrorism.[60] Merah was described as having
the "ability to travel and furnish logistic assistance to other militants." The document
revealed that Merah was under surveillance since 2006.[61] Forsane Alizza was outlawed
in France for encouraging citizens to travel to Afghanistan to fight jihad.[62] Police have
been investigating whether Merah acted alone in planning his attacks. The lawyer for the
group, speaking after the shootings, denied claims that the leader of the group had any
connections with Mohammed Merah.[62]
On 25 December 2008, Merah tried to commit suicide by hanging.[58] A subsequent
psychiatric report described Merah as polar narcissistic noting Merah's slicked back hair
and Merah's interest in personal grooming and designer clothes. Merah was described as
a polar introvert. The psychiatrist stated Merah's "mood is stable" but that he "recently
had dark thoughts"[54] and spoke of "suicidal intentions." He found Merah to be "anxious"
and "introverted" but not "psychologically disturbed".[63] He said Merah exhibited
"neurotic fragility due to the departure of his father and lack of supervision on his
mother's part."[54] Merah had a history of psychological problems,[15] and French
intelligence officials have suggested he had a double life or even a split personality which
allowed him to party in nightclubs and drink alcohol with acquaintances who were
unaware that he was amassing an arsenal of weapons, visiting Afghanistan and Pakistan
and was methodically plotting attacks.[64]
In January 2008, he tried to join the French Army, but was rejected due to his criminal
past. In July 2010, he went to the recruitment centre of the Foreign Legion and stayed
overnight, but left before he could be evaluated.[65]
According to declassified documents, the DCRI (French domestic intelligence), Merah
and his older brother Abdelkader had been placed under surveillance in late 2009, in
particular after they travelled to Egypt, where Merah went to learn Arabic. In 2010, he
was identified as a "new recruit" in radical Islamist circles, and questioned by the DCRI
after returning from a visit to Pakistan.[66]
French media reported that in 2010 he had forced a neighbour's boy to watch bloody
videos from Afghanistan and then beat up the boy's sister after the mother intervened.[56]
Bernard Squarcini said that Merah "appeared on radars" when arrested in Kandahar,
Afghanistan in December 2010, while visiting as a "tourist." He was followed officially
after his return from Pakistan in 2011.[61]
The French newspaper JDD reported Merah's friends described him as a "nice guy" who
"got on well with everyone".[56] Sometimes his friends found him devout, but other times
Merah would go clubbing.[55] A friend commented that Merah identified "more with Islam
than with France"[28] One of his friends said that Merah had been seen in a Toulouse night
club three weeks before the attacks.[52] He had also been in Geneva, Switzerland on a
skiing trip with two friends a month before the attacks. He allegedly bought the GoPro
video camera which he used to film the attacks, from a Fnac store in Geneva.[67]
According to Merah's lawyer, he was sentenced to a month in prison on 24 February 2012
after driving without a driving licence, and was due before the judge again in April.[68]
Merah had reportedly split from his wife days before the shootings.[69][70] He was
unemployed at the time of the shootings after having worked as a coachbuilder.[71]
Manhunt
Departements where Vigipirate terror alert was raised to its highest level
The killings spurred one of the biggest manhunts in modern French history. The police
erected roadblocks in Toulouse and placed extra security outside Jewish and Islamic
schools across France. Because of the ethnic identities of the victims, most of whom were
of Jewish or Arab descent, police initially suspected the involvement of neo-Nazis.[72]
Since he drew little attention to himself otherwise, police faced an uphill struggle in
focusing in on Merah as a suspect, even as the killings continued. Merah had taken care
to ensure that the magazine and shell casings he left offered no fingerprints or DNA. The
search for Sergeant Ibn Ziaten's bogus motorbike buyer was homing in on the Merahs'
computer, as cross-checks revealed that the Toulouse woman who owned the IP address
had two sons on the anti-terrorism watchlist. The hunt for the gunman's scooter also took
a decisive turn when Merah asked a motorcycle mechanic in Toulouse about removing a
GPS anti-theft tracking device on his bike. Merah also said that he had just repainted the
bike white.[73]
Siege and death

An hour before police surrounded his apartment, Merah called the French television
channel France 24 and Ebba Kalondo, the editor who spoke with him, reported that for
Merah, "these acts were not only necessary, but that they were to uphold the honour of
Islam.[74][74] According to Ebba Kalondo, "He said he was in connection with al Qaeda,
that what he had done was only the beginning. He said he was against the law on the veil
and fought against the French participation in operations NATO in Afghanistan."[19] At
03:00 local time (02:00 UTC), the French police tried to arrest Merah at his apartment on
Sergent Vign Street in the Cte Pave neighborhood. Merah shot at the police through
the door, injuring three police officers in the process.[52][59]
The RAID, an elite anti-terrorist unit, surrounded the 1960s five-storey block of flats
soon after.[59][75] Merah was armed with an AK-47, an Uzi, a Sten, a Winchester 12 gauge
Pump-action shotgun, three Colt 45s, a 9mm Glock, and a Colt Python .357 Magnum.
Further weapons were found in a rented Renault Megane parked near the apartment
building.[52][75] The five-story building block and nearby buildings were evacuated and the
police turned powerful spotlights onto Merah's building in an attempt to blind him and
prevent him from observing the police operations. The electricity and gas supplies were
cut off to the apartment block and the street lights in the neighbourhood were switched
off.[75] Merah exchanged a Colt 45 for a walkie-talkie which was used to communicate
with the police. He told them the location of a bag containing the blood-spattered camera
that he had used to film his attacks. One of Merah's brothers was arrested, and another
handed himself into custody. Police found weapons and explosives in his brother's car.[59]
[76]
His mother was brought to the scene to help with negotiations, but she refused to
become involved, due to her lack of influence on him.[77] Merah informed the police that
he intended to give himself up at 22:45. Contact was established with him at that time but
Merah then said that he would not succumb without a fight and would kill policemen if
necessary. In the late evening of 21 March, blasts were heard at the apartment block
which were intended to intimidate the gunman into surrendering."[59] The police blew off
the window shutters with a grenade, after which two shots were heard. After that there
was no response from the Merah until 11:00 the next day. The police continued the
explosions at regular intervals, in an effort to wear Merah down. Officers did not know if
Merah was alive as he did not respond to the series of explosions during the night and on
Thursday morning.[53]
Faade of Merah's apartment.

At 10:30 on 22 March, the decision was taken to arrest him. Grenades were thrown into
the apartment but elicited no response. A 15-strong team of specially trained officers
decided to enter the flat first by the door, then using the windows whose shutters had
been removed during the night. The team deployed technical devices and video
equipment to inspect the different rooms. No presence was detected until a device was
introduced into the bathroom. At that point the killer emerged shooting long and frequent
bursts.[78] The officers returned fire and snipers opposite attempted to neutralise him.
Mohammed Merah then jumped out of the window with weapon in hand and continued to
shoot. Merah was shot in the head by a police sniper, and he was found dead on the
ground.[79][80]
Less than one hour later it was announced to media in Toulouse that Merah was dead.[81]
Merah's death was later confirmed by President Sarkozy.[50][82] Agence France-Presse
reported that three police officers had been injured in the preceding gunfire, one of whom
sustained "fairly serious" wounds. It was discovered that Merah had a bulletproof vest,
components of Molotov cocktails and weapons parts stockpiled inside his flat.[82]
During the standoff with police, Merah told police that he intended to keep on attacking,
and he loved death the way the police loved life. He also claimed connections with alQaeda.[83][84][85]
Motivation
Prior to the discovery of Merah as the attacker, French President Nicolas Sarkozy said
that the antisemitic motivation of the school attack appeared obvious.[86] After Merah was
identified, Sarkozy stated that "the Islamic faith has nothing to do with the insane
motivations of this man,"[87] and others have echoed this view.[88][89] Merah admitted antiSemetic motivations for his attack.[16] Some media have described Merah as an "Islamic
terrorist".[12][13][90] Merah said that he was motivated by France's ban on wearing the burqa,
that "the Jews have killed our brothers and sisters in Palestine,"[19] and he wanted to
avenge the French Army's involvement in the war in Afghanistan.[18][19] Mustafa Akyol
argues that this is an expression of nationalism but not religion.[91] An editor at France 24
reported that Merah told him that these acts were not only necessary, but that they were to
uphold the honour of Islam".[74] Merah's other statement made during the murders, "you
killed my brothers, I kill you",[59][92] is interpreted by Ed West as an expression of

tribalism and not religion.[88][91]
Mohammed Merah older brother, Abdelghani, said that Mohammed was raised in an
"atmosphere of racism and hatred" and blamed his family for Mohammed's attraction to
extremist Islamism and antisemitism. Merah's sister, Souad, was recorded saying, "I am
proud of my brother. He fought until the end... Jews, and all those who massacre
Muslims, I detest them."[20] Abdelghani said that their mother frequently stated that Arabs
were born to hate Jews during their childhood and that there may be more "Mohmmed
Merah's" if families were allowed to teach such hatred.[93]
Mustafa Akyol argued that Merah was not motivated by Islam and points out that Merah
was seen at a nightclub the week before the shootings. He commented that one did not
have to be a pious Muslim to be inspired by Al-Qaeda which represents militant Muslim
nationalism.[91]
Dan Bilefsky linked Merah's anger to the unemployment and alienation of immigrants in
France and said this affected his evolution into a self-styled jihadist.[28] Rosie DiManno
argued that Merah was neither motivated by religion, nor the treatment of immigrants in
France. She noted that while Merah had familial links with militant Islam (his mother
was married to the father of Sabri Essid, who was arrested in 2007 at an Al Qaeda safe
house in Syria for militants en route to Iraq), there was no evidence of Merah's
involvement with militant groups or even a religious congregation. DiManno instead
characterizes Merah as a sociopath who adopted a terror agenda as a cover for his preexisting rage and who sought "posthumous grandeur."[94]
Paul Sheehan attacks what he calls progressives going into overdrive to "dissociate the
violence from Islam" when it was revealed the killer was a Muslim who supported alQaeda. He observes that the film of the shootings was mailed to the al-Jazeera TV had
been dubbed with verses from the Koran invoking jihad and the greatness of Islam and
that Merah studied the Koran during his time in prison which has become a recruitment
ground for radical Islam. Sheean argues that Merah specifically targeted Muslim soldiers
and Jews and that this was premeditated.[95] President Sarkozy's intelligence adviser stated
that Merah did not originally plan on targeting the Jewish school, but only did so after he
arrived too late to kill a soldier nearby.[41]
According to Christian Etelin, Merah's lawyer since he was 16, Merah was suffering from
"psychological difficulties". Etelin lawyer stated that Merah was abandoned by his father
as a child, and there were reports that he split with by his wife days before the attacks.[69]
[70]
Etelin denied that Merah was an Islamist, and said the shootings could have been an
episode of "paranoid schizophrenia during which he completely disconnected from
reality."[63] Bernard Squarcini, the head of DRCI (France's domestic intelligence agency),
stated, "you have to go back to his broken childhood and psychiatric troubles. To carry
out what he did smacks more of a medical problem and fantasy than a simple jihadist
trajectory."[25]
Intelligence documents later showed Mohamed Merah was not working alone and had
made more than 1,800 calls to over 180 contacts in 20 different countries, in addition to
several trips to the Middle East and Afghanistan, casting doubt over Squarcini's view of
Merah as a solitary figure that was not part of a terrorist network.[30][96]
Filming
Merah filmed all of the killings using a GoPro camera strapped to his body.[52][59] He made
a video of them set to music and verses of the Koran.[97] The video was sent to news
agency Al Jazeera. After a request from French President Nicolas Sarkozy, Al Jazeera
opted not to air the video.[98] One video shows Merah shooting two Muslim[99] French
soldiers in Montauban; he is heard shouting Allahu Akbar.[13]
Reactions
Mourning[100] flags of the European Union, France and Midi-Pyrnes on the Capitole de
Toulouse after the attacks.
The attacks were condemned by many governments around the world.[9] The United
Nations condemned the killings "in the strongest possible terms."[8] The French Council
of the Muslim Faith also condemned the attacks.[10]
In a speech to Palestinian youths at an UNRWA event, the European Union's High
Representative Baroness Ashton said, "When we think about what happened today in
Toulouse, we remember what happened in Norway a year ago, when we know what is
happening in Syria, and we see what is happening in Gaza and Sderot and in different
parts of the world we remember young people and children who lose their lives." Israeli
ministers harshly criticised her comparison of the Toulouse murders to the situation in
Gaza. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said, "It is unthinkable to compare a massacre
and the Israeli army's surgical, defensive actions against those who use children as human
shields." Lady Ashton said that the press reporting of her speech was "grossly distorted"
and that had she also referenced Israeli victims in Sderot, but this had been incorrectly
omitted from the original transcript.[101][102][103]
The Palestinian Authority also condemned the attacks as "racist crimes". Palestinian
Prime Minister, Salam Fayyad, said terrorists must stop trying to justify their acts of
violence "in the name of Palestine."[10]
Reactions in French society

On 19 March, the date of the attack on the Jewish school, President Sarkozy declared the
date to be "a day of national tragedy." Both Sarkozy and Francois Hollande condemned
the attacks.[104] On 20 March, cities across France observed a minute's silence in
remembrance of the victims of the shooting at the Jewish school.[105] Dalil Boubakeur,
Rector of the Grand Mosque of Paris, condemned the attacks. Gilles Bernheim, the Chief
Rabbi of France, called for strengthening the links between Jewish and Muslim
communities.[106] According to Rabbi Marc Schneier thousands of Muslims and Jews
joined together in solidarity marches in communities throughout Paris.[107]
Many Jewish children in France were afraid to go to school after the shootings, and
Jewish teenagers reported fears of dressing in a recognisably Jewish manner. Some Israeli
politicians called on French Jews to emigrate to Israel to escape the anti-Semitism in
France.[108]
A number of French media questioned the role of the security services during the
operation and whether more could have been done to prevent the killings. French
counter-terrorism expert Christian Prouteau criticised the siege operation, saying tear gas
might have been used to capture Merah alive, and reduce the chance he could attack
police.[109][110]
Following Merah's death, an English teacher from Rouen asked her students for a
moment of silence and called Merah a "victim". Most of the students immediately left the
classroom and wrote to the director. Only when the students began to leave and
remonstrate did the teacher appear to back down, saying that she was "not feeling too
well" and would "perhaps take some time off." A representative of teachers union SGENCFDT said she was weak and had health concerns and immediately regretted what she
said. A school spokesman said what had happened was a "sad incident" and a disciplinary
procedure was under way. The teacher was suspended a few days later at the request of
French education minister Luc Chatel, who said he "condemned this unspeakable
behaviour without reservation".[111][112]
Nicholas Vancour reported that the reaction in Les Izards, a "sensitive urban zone" where
Mohamed Merah grew up, of which many are Muslim Arabs[113] and where the
unemployment rate for people under 30 is rising and can reach 30%,[63] was to regard
Merah to be "one of their own, no matter what he did." One woman was supportive of
Merah's family; a woman who was a family friend of the Merahs, expressed sympathy for
him, but said she did not condone his actions. A group of twenty youths accosted the
police, and Mohamed Redha Ghezali, a 20-year-old man from the neighbourhood, was
sentenced to three months in prison for praising Merah's actions. The man while
haranguing police officers had said, "My friend Mohamed is a real man too bad he
wasn't able to finish the job." He was convicted of "provoking racial hatred" and
"apology for terrorism" and the Toulouse prosecutor stated that the state would
"systematically pursue" people expressing support for Merah.[114][115] Some young men of
the neighbourhood found conspiracy theories more convincing than that one of their own
could be a killer. A movement is under way to mount a demonstration in support of the

imprisoned Abdelkader Merah, who faces charges of complicity in murder and
conspiracy to commit acts of terrorism.[63][116]
Mohammed Merah's older brother, Abdelghani, later wrote a book condemning the heroworship of Mohamed among some young French Muslims. He recalled "whoops of joy"
and that people were congratulating his mother at the wake for Mohammed.[20]
Rallies
On 19 March, several thousand people marched silently in Paris in memory of the victims
of the shootings.[117] On 24 March, hundreds of people gathered in Lyon and Rouen, to
pay tribute to the victims in silent marches. Many held signs saying "We will never
forget".[118] In Toulouse, 6000 people marched on 25 March, including mayor Pierre
Cohen, Chief Rabbi of France Gilles Bernheim and Hassen Chalghoumi, the imam at
Drancy.[119][120]
Small demonstrations honouring Merah were held on housing estates, including the
Toulouse one where he grew up. A small rally of around 30 people[118] was held in
Toulouse in tribute of Merah and was dispersed by French police. The AGI reported that
most protesters were young women wearing the burka, which is banned in France in
public places.[121][122] Several people acquainted with the killer attempted to leave flowers
outside his flat. Members of the group said this was a gesture to restore dignity to the
Muslim community of Toulouse and to the gunmans family and was not an attempt to
vindicate Merah while others said that they did not wish to judge him harshly and that the
vilification of Merah was unfair. The New York Times quoted Pierre Cohen, the mayor of
Toulouse stating that rumours of Muslims organizing a demonstration for Merah were
"false".[123][124] Graffiti in Toulouse read "Viva Merah", "Vengeance" and "Fuck the kippa"
before being cleaned.[125]
Criticism of media
A news camera in the centre of Toulouse after the shootings.

Joel Braunold criticised the "airbrushing anti-Semitism out of the Toulouse attack" and
described the view that Merah was "imbued neither with the values of Islam, or driven by
racism and anti-Semitism" as shocking. He criticises the "dehumanization of Merahs
victims" that were a religious leader and three small children of a particular minority
community, and the way in which some have interpreted this as a symbol of attacking
society in general. He is disturbed at the "inabilities of some to even mention antiSemitism as a cause" despite the fact that this mans victims were not random and were
Jews.[126]
The media were also criticized for targeting far-right groups as being the perpetrators of
this attack before the attacker was known.[127][128]
Aftermath
Fears of backlash
In the aftermath, many French Muslims feared the stigmatization of the Muslim
community,[129][130][131][132][133] and an increase in Islamophobia.[134] President Sarkozy also
warned against stigmatizing millions of French Muslims because of the actions of a
single extremist.[133][135]
Internet law proposal

President Sarkozy proposed a new law that would imprison those who repeatedly visit
websites promoting terror or hatred.[136] According to The Times of India, legal experts are
concerned that such a law could curtail freedom of speech.[137] Reporters Without Borders
accused Sarkozy of trying to create an internet surveillance system.[136]
Anti-Semitic incidents
The French Jewish community documented 90 anti-Semitic incidents in the 10 days that
followed Merah's attack. The Service de Protection de la Communaut Juive (SPCJ)
recorded 148 anti-Semitic incidents in March and April with forty-three of those
classified as violent. The authorities also recorded 105 instances of anti-Semitic
intimidation and threats during those two months.[138][139] Jewish graves were vandalised in
Nice.[140] The SPCJ said the situation was "deeply worrisome" and reflected support for
Merah's attack.[138] The Interior Minister Manuel Valls held a meeting with Jewish
representatives in which he promised increased protection for Jewish institutions in
France.[139]
The French police investigated email and telephone threats received by staff at the school
in the days following the attacks.[141] On 26 March, a 12-year-old boy was hit and
punched in the back of his head as he left his Ozar Hatorah school in Paris "by youths
reciting anti-Semitic slogans".[141][142][143] In one attack a Jewish man and his friend were
attacked by people identifying themselves as Palestinians who promised to "exterminate"
the Jews.[138] In Villeurbanne, three youths wearing Jewish skullcaps were leaving a
Jewish school when they were attacked with a hammer and iron bars. Incoming French
Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault described the attack as "intolerable violence".[139][144]
Possible accomplice
Mohamed Merah's brother Abdelkader Merah, aged 29, was detained after the death of
his brother and faces preliminary charges[needs update] of complicity in murder and conspiracy
to commit acts of terrorism. Investigators believe that he may have assisted Mohamed
with the preparation of the killings. Abdelkader's lawyer denied these allegations, saying
that press reports that Abdelkader expressed pride in his brother's acts were false, and that
he had not been aware of Mohamed's plans.[116] In Les Izards (the community where
Mohammed Merah grew up), where some planned to mount a demonstration in support
of Abdelkader, many find the idea of an organised plot by the Merahs to be absurd.[63]
Arrest and expulsion of radical Islamists

Police arrested 19 suspected militants, connected to the extreme Islamist group Forsane
Alizza,[60] during dawn raids in Toulouse and a number of other cities. According to the
BBC the arrests appeared to be in response to the shootings.[145] They were suspected of
inciting to violence and terrorism, according to the daily Le Parisien. The CNN[60] and
BBC reported that French authorities did not link any of those arrested to Merah.[146] The
French prosecutor has denied any link between the arrests, which are the product of an
investigation begun in October 2011, and shootings.[147] President Sarkozy also said the
arrests were not directly linked to Mohammed Merah.[148][149]
In discussing alienation and Les Izards, the community where Merah spent much of his
youth, Nicholas Vinocur writes, "The fear is, there may be more Mohamed Merahs in
waiting among Europe's largest Muslim community, of some five million people in
France a worry that may partly explain Friday's roundup of 19 suspected militant
Islamists as Sarkozy's government asserts a firm grip on security." [63] Professor Olivier
Roy doesn't think that disenfranchised youth are vulnerable to terrorism, writing "For
every Qaeda sympathizer there are thousands of Muslims who don the French Army
uniform and fight under the French flag."[150]
Sarkozy requested that the police increase its surveillance of "radical Islam" amid rising
concerns of a jihadist threat in France.[148] There were suggestions that the government
and DCRI were intensifying efforts to deal with suspected militants after being criticised
for allowing Merah to slip through the net.[145] The domestic intelligence agency seized
several firearms, including five rifles, four automatic weapons and three Kalashnikovs, as
well as a bulletproof vest during the raids. French officials said that two radical Islamists
were deported and three more are to be expelled. French Interior Minister Claude Gueant
said that the two deported were a Malian imam who had preached anti-Semitism and
promoted wearing the burka, which is illegal in France in public space, and Ali Belhadad,
an Algerian with involvement in a 1994 Marrakech attack. Two imams from Saudi Arabia
and Turkey and a suspected Tunisian militant are also due for expulsion from France. A
police source stated that some of the arrested were planning to kidnap a Jewish
magistrate.[151]
On 4 April, French police arrested 10 people on suspicion that they were "Islamist
militants". On 5 April, four of them were released after prosecutors found insufficient
evidence to detain them. On 6 April, there were reports that the French police would
release the last six individuals as well.[152]
The Interior minister commented "We do not accept Islamic extremism. This is not a new
policy... but after what happened in Toulouse and Montauban we have to be more vigilant
than ever." President Sarkozy said the aim was to deny the entry of certain people to
France who did not share the country's values and that, "It's not just linked to Toulouse.
It's all over the country. It's in connection with a form of radical Islam" and added that
more suspected Muslim extremists will be rounded up. He said that after the traumatic
events in Montauban and Toulouse, it was necessary to "draw some conclusions."[153]
The government banned six Islamist leaders from entering France for a Muslim
conference expected to be held in Paris.[61][145][153]
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Merah la police". Le Parisien. 21 March 2012.
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Police Storm Apartment After 30-Hour Siege". The New York Times.
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Ynet. Retrieved 16 May 2012.
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Sarkozy Says The Huffington Post UK. Accessed: 1 June 2012.
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Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
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Huffington Post.
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sa famille". Le Monde. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
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March 2012.
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are tied with a black ribbon
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demands Baroness Ashton resign after she compares incident to Gaza". The Daily
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Toulouse and Gaza". Times of Israel. 20 March 2012.
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March 2012.
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After Killings".
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Associated Press. 23 March 2012.
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^ Jump up to: a b "19 arrested in French police raids, Sarkozy says". CNN. 30 March
Lesh teroristul in slapi

Organizaiile teroriste, modernizate i ele, antreneaz nu doar n tabere, ci i prin Internet.
Primul caz de ?radicalizare autoindus" din Romnia se numete Florian Lesch. Procesul
teroristului Florian Lesch este pe rol. n timp ce aprarea ncearc s demonstreze c
acesta nu este un terorist, experii spun altceva: ?butelia" lui Lesch putea omor cel puin
o sut de oameni. Pentru structura antitero a SRI, dar i pentru procurorii care au lucrat la
dosar, Florian Lesch a reprezentat o premier n Romnia. La fel de periculoas ns ca
orice alt form de terorism.
O parte a presei centrale, citnd surse SRI, a pus semnul egal ntre Lesch i organizaia
terorist ?Fraii Musulmani" i Fundaia Taiba. ns, preedintele Fundaiei Taiba neag
orice legtur ntre organizaia sa i ?Fraii Musulmani", catalogat de Departamentul de
Stat i de Consiliul Europei drept una terorist. Date oficiale ale SRI arat c Florian
Lesch a participat, n Romnia, la tabere de pregtire religioas, ocazie cu care a intrat n
legtur cu membri ai organizaiei extremist-teroriste ?Fraii Musulmani?.
Dup convertirea la islamism i alegerea unui nume care a aparinut unui fost soldat din
cea de-a aptea Brigad a Armatei Islamice Bosniace, Lesch s-ar fi declarat dispus s se
sacrifice ntr-un atentat terorist. Autoritile au intervenit dup ce Lesch a pregtit o
bomb pe care vroia s o detoneze ntr-un cartier studenesc din Timioara.
Lugojeanul Florin Lesch a fost condamnat la inchisoare dupa ce a incercat sa detoneze o
masina-capcana in Timisoara
Lesch s-a declarat un simpatizant al fundamentalismului islamic si a denuntat politica
antiterorista dusa de Romania
El a promis ca va apela la alte foruri pentru a-si face dreptate
Florin Lesch, din Lugoj, primul roman acuzat si trimis in judecata pentru fapte de
terorism, a fost condamnat, ieri, la 12 ani de inchisoare, printr-o sentinta pronuntata de
Curtea de Apel Timisoara. Prin aceeasi hotarare, instanta a mai dispus confiscarea, atat a
telefonului mobil, cat si a masinii si chiar a buteliilor, care ar fi urmat sa fie folosite la
producerea unui atentat. Pe 26 iunie 2006, Lesch a fost arestat la iesirea din Buzias, fiind
suspectat ca intentiona sa detoneze o masina-capcana intr-o zona aglomerata din
Timisoara, cu scopul de a se razbuna pe politica anti-terorista dusa de tara noastra.
Ieri, la ultima infatisare in instanta, inculpatul a afirmat ca este victima unei inscenari si
ca nu avea de gand sa comita vreun act terorist si ca, daca se face vinovat pentru ceva,
este ca a condus fara permis. "Nu pot sa accept sa fiu privit ca si un terorist. Este cea mai
proasta si banala telenovela. M-au facut pe mine terorist cu doua butelii", a declarat
Lesch.
El a mai spus ca nu recunoaste site-ul extremist pe care ar fi postat mesaje de amenintare
si nici inregistrarea video cu cagula pe fata. La fel, Lesch a negat ca ar fi adeptul unor
idei extremiste si a amenintat ca va face apel la toate forurile pana i se face dreptate. "O
sa lupt pentru libertatea mea, pentru ca nu doresc sa-mi petrec restul zilelor in inchisoare,
pentru o fapta pe care nu am facut-o", a mai spus lugojeanul. Acesta a recunoscut, insa,
apartenenta sa religioasa, sustinand ca nu ii este rusine ca este musulman. De asemenea,
el a mai aratat ca familia i-a fost amenintata, iar mama si tatal vitreg au parasit tara din
aceasta cauza. Probele acuzarii au demontat, insa, declaratia lui Lesch. Procurorii au
reusit sa demonstreze ca inculpatul urma sa detoneze doua butelii de gaz cu ajutorul unui
aprinzator de aragaz conectat artizanal la un telefon mobil. Anterior retinerii sale, el a fost
filat aproape un an, pe numele sau fiind deschis si un dosar penal din 29 septembrie anul
trecut. Sectia Timis a SRI a sesizat inca de atunci DIICOT, atragand atentia ca Florin
Lesch avea un site propriu pe Internet "prin care isi promova intentia de a adera la
structuri teroriste".
Caracterizat de prieteni i vecini ca "un biat bun", Lesch a intrat n vizorul SRI nc din
decembrie 2004, fiind suspect c punea la cale aciuni teroriste. Convertit la islamism n
urm cu Caracterizat de prieteni i vecini ca "un biat bun", Lesch a intrat n vizorul SRI
nc din decembrie 2004, fiind suspect c punea la cale aciuni teroriste. Convertit la
islamism n urm cu doi ani, Florin Lesch, care i alesese pseudonimul Aynan Hassan
Abger, vorbea cursiv limba arab. Intrat n legtur cu membri ai organizaiei extremistteroriste "Fraii musulmani", Lesch i exprima, n anturaj, adeziunea la jihadul islamic,
acuznd politica pro-occidental a Romniei, dar i relaiile cu SUA. El a fost reinut luni
seara, la ieirea din Buzia, n timp ce se ndrepta spre Timioara. Tnrul inteniona s
detoneze aici dou butelii, n semn de protest fa de prezena militarilor n Irak. Explozia
urma s fie declanat printr-un dispozitiv artizanal comandat pe internet, care se activa
la un apel pe mobil cu ajutorul unui aprinztor de aragaz. Mesajul de ameninare, postat
pe internet de Lesch, arta c, n cazul n care "fraii" islamiti nu sunt lsai n pace,
"suntem pregtii n orice moment n Romnia. Allah".Anchetatorii au avansat mai multe
locuri din Timioara unde urma s se produc explozia: Aeroportul Traian Vuia,
Complexul Studenesc sau chiar centrul oraului. Unul dintre ofierii sub acoperire care a
participat la capturarea lui spune c acesta avea rezervorul plin de benzin i c alimenta
maina dintr-un bidon, progresiv, pentru a avea ct mai mult combustibil n momentul
exploziei. Doi prieteni ai lui Lesch au fost audiai n acelai caz, dar au fost eliberai din
lips de probe. Casa din Lugoj a unuia dintre ei, unde se presupune c era punctul de
ntlnire, a fost percheziionat. Anchetatorii nu au descoperit dect componente de
calculator i dischete sparte, aruncate n spatele blocului. Florin Lesch este absolvent al
unei coli profesionale i se prezenta ca director de linie mecanic al SC Press Corn SRL
Lugoj. Un "biat bun" - n viziunea vecinilorVecinii lui Florin Lesch s-au artat ocai de
arestarea tnrului. Toi sunt de acord c este "un biat bun", retras i linitit, cu care n-au
avut niciodat probleme. i ziaritii lugojeni sunt de prere c acest caz "este puin
umflat". Pe de alt parte, ofierii sub acoperire timioreni care au participat la capturarea
suspectului de terorism s-au artat extrem de deranjai de faptul c mass-media nu ia n
serios acest caz. Prietena i mama suspectului de terorism s-au artat mirate de gestul lui
Florin. Lesch i-a luat la revedere de la ele, nainte de a pleca spre locul n care ncerca
s-i pun n aplicare "planul". Anchetatorii au dispus efectuarea unei expertize
psihiatrice a lugojeanului.Cazul se poate repetaProf. Hanibal Dumitracu, psiholog la
Universitatea Bucureti, ne-a declarat c acest caz s-ar putea repeta. "Cred c acest tnr
nu este singurul care nu s-a integrat social i nu a interiorizat valorile democraiei. i el, i
alii n aceeai situaie au nevoie s se identifice cu ceva... astfel, Lesch s-a identificat cu
un grup islamist. Exist un sentiment al eecului pe care l au teroritii, n general. Ei au
pierdut, din punct de vedere cultural, rzboiul cu Occidentul i au sentimentul c prin
anarhie pot recupera decalajul. Cum e un copil care dup ce ia btaie n lupt dreapt
trieaz i arunc n adversar cu o piatr", ne-a declarat prof. Dumitracu.

Cazuri de Solo-Terorism

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Cazuri de Solo-Terorism

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Anders Behring Breivik

Atacurile din 2011

Atacurile din Norvegia din 2011

Salt la: Navigare, cutare

Fotografie imediat dup ce a avut loc explozia

Atacul fundamentalistului cretin din Norvegia, Anders Behring Breivik, a venit pe

Anders Behring Breivik

Anders Behring Breivik

13 February 1979 (age 34)[1]

Anders Behring Breivik (Norwegian pronunciation: [n: ber brivik];[6] born

Arrest and preparations for trial

The entrance of Skien Prison

Writings and video

Religious and political views

Facebook profile, Breivik described himself as a Christian, though he is critical of the

^ Jump up to: a b "Dagens navn [Today's names]". Aftenposten, morgen. 15

^ Jump up to: a b "Norway's mass killer Breivik 'declared sane'". BBC

Jump up ^ "Skytternes taushet". Dagbladet (in Norwegian). Retrieved 2

Jump up ^ Liss Goril Anda Journalist, Norway (25 November 2011).

Jump up ^ Moren tok farvel med Breivik i fengselet - VG Nett om

Jump up ^ "2083: A European Declaration of Independence". Internet

Jump up ^ "Norway killer Anders Behring Breivik's cultural references".

^ Jump up to: a b "Google cache of Facebook page of Anders Behring

Atacurile armate din Toulouse i Montauban

Regiune Midi-Pyrnes, Frana:

Toulouse and Montauban shootings

2012 Toulouse and Montauban shootings

Location of Toulouse and Montauban, France

Numerous other firearms

8 (including the perpetrator)

11 March: paratrooper in Toulouse

15 March: three paratroopers in Montauban

19 March: Ozar Hatorah school in Toulouse

Map of the school, and access map of Merah's residence.

The type of scooter used in the shootings, a Yamaha TMAX.

Siege and death

Faade of Merah's apartment.

killed my brothers, I kill you",[59][92] is interpreted by Ed West as an expression of

Reactions in French society

could be a killer. A movement is under way to mount a demonstration in support of the

A news camera in the centre of Toulouse after the shootings.

Internet law proposal

Arrest and expulsion of radical Islamists

Jump up ^ "Gunman kills 4 outside Jewish school in France". Associated Press. 19

Jump up ^ A. D. McKenzie (23 March 2012). "French Muslims Fear Stigmatisation

Lesh teroristul in slapi

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