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PROBLEMAS RESUELTOS DE

ANALISIS DE ESTRUCTURAS POR EL METODO DE LOS NUDOS

Problema resuelto Pg. 246 Esttica BEDFORD


Problema 6.1 Esttica BEDFORD edic 4
Problema 6.2 Esttica BEDFORD edic 4
Problema 6.4 Esttica BEDFORD edic 5
Problema 6.13 Esttica BEDFORD edic 4
Problema 6.14 Esttica BEDFORD edic 4
Problema 6.1 BEER Johnston edic 6
Problema 6.2 BEER Johnston edic 6
Problema 6.3 BEER Johnston edic 6
Problema 6.4 BEER Johnston edic 6
Problema 6.1 Esttica Hibbeler edic 10
Problema 6.2 Esttica Hibbeler edic 10
Problema 6.3 Esttica Hibbeler edic 10
Problema 6.4 Esttica Hibbeler edic 10
Problema c-34 esttica Hibbeler edic 10
Problema C-35 esttica Hibbeler edic 10
Problema 6.8 esttica Hibbeler edic 10
Problema resuelto Pag. 145 Esttica Meriam
Problema 4.1 Esttica Meriam edicin tres
Problema 4.1 Esttica Meriam edicin cinco
Problema 4.3 Esttica Meriam edicin tres
Problema 4.3 Esttica Meriam edicin cinco
Problema 4.4 Esttica Meriam edicin tres
Problema 4.4 Esttica Meriam edicin cinco
Problema 4.5 Esttica Meriam edicin tres
Problema 4.7 Esttica Meriam edicin tres
Erving Quintero Gil
Tecnlogo electromecnico - UTS
Ing. Electromecnico - UAN
Especialista en Ingeniera del gas - UIS
Bucaramanga Colombia
2011

Para cualquier inquietud o consulta escribir a:


quintere@hotmail.com
quintere@gmail.com
quintere2006@yahoo.com

Mtodo de las juntas o nudos (PROBLEMA RESUELTO PAG. 246 ESTATICA BEDFORD)
El mtodo de las juntas implica dibujar diagramas de cuerpo libre de las juntas de una armadura, una
por una, y usar las ecuaciones de equilibrio para determinar las fuerzas axiales en las barras. Por lo
general, antes debemos dibujar un diagrama de toda la armadura (es decir, tratar la armadura como un
solo cuerpo) y calcular las reacciones en sus soportes. Por ejemplo, la armadura WARREN de la figura
6.6(a) tiene barras de 2 metros de longitud y soporta cargas en B y D. En la figura 6.6(b) dibujamos su
diagrama de cuerpo libre. De las ecuaciones de equilibrio.
400 N

A
2m

2m

Fig. 6. 6(a) Armadura WARREN soportando dos cargas


400 N

800 N

3m

A
AX
1m
AY

1m
2m

400 N

E
1m

1m
2m

EY

TAB

800 N

TBD

TBD

TBC

TDC

D
TDE

TAB
TBC

TAC

TAC

TDE

TEC

TEC

AY

Fig. 6. 6(b) Diagrama de cuerpo libre de la armadura

MA = 0
- 400 (1) - 800 (1 +1+1) + EY (1+1+1+1) = 0

FX = 0

AX = 0

- 400 - 800 (3) + EY (4) = 0

FY = 0

- 400 - 2400 + 4 EY = 0

AY + EY 400 - 800 = 0

- 2800 + 4 EY = 0
4 EY = 2800

EY =

2800
= 700 N
4

EY = 700 N
ME = 0
- AY (1+1+1+1) + 400 (1+1+1) + 800 (1) = 0

- AY (4) + 400 (3) + 800 = 0


- 4 AY + 1200 + 800 = 0
4 AY = 2000

AY =

2000
= 500 N
4

AY = 500 N
NUDO A
El siguiente paso es elegir una junta y dibujar su diagrama de cuerpo libre. En la figura 6.7(a) aislamos
la junta A cortando las barras AB y AC. Los trminos TAB y TAC son las fuerzas axiales en las barras AB
y AC respectivamente. Aunque las direcciones de las flechas que representan las fuerzas axiales
desconocidas se pueden escoger arbitrariamente, observe que las hemos elegido de manera que una
barra estar a tensin, si obtenemos un valor positivo para la fuerza axial. Pensamos que escoger
consistentemente las direcciones de esta manera ayudara a evitar errores.
400 N

TAB
2

TAB

TAB

3
1

AY

TAC
AY

TAB

TAC

C
TAC

TAC

AY

Figura 6.7(a) Obtencin del diagrama de cuerpo libre de la junta A.

Las ecuaciones de equilibrio para la junta A son:

TAB TAC A Y
=
=
2
1
3

Hallar TAC

Hallar TAB

TAB TAC
=
2
1

TAB A Y
=
2
3

T
TAC = AB
2

AY = 500 N

TAB = 577,35 Newton

TAB 500
=
= 288,67
2
3
TAB = 2 (288,67 ) = 577,35 N

TAC =

577,35
= 288,67 N
2

TAC = 288,67 Newton (Tension)

TAB = 577,35 Newton(compresin)


NUDO B
Luego obtenemos un diagrama de la junta B cortando las barras AB, BC y BD (Fig. 6.8 a). De las
ecuaciones de equilibrio para la junta B.
400 N

400 N

TBD

400 N

TBD

TBD

TAB
TAB

800 N

TBD

D
0

60

TBC
TAB (Y)

TBC
TAB

TAC

TAC

TBC TBC (Y)


TAB

TBC (X)

TAB (X)

TBC

600

AY

Figura 6.8(a) Obtencin del diagrama de cuerpo libre de la junta B.

sen 60 =

TAB(Y )
TAB

TAB (Y) = TAB sen 60

TAB(Y ) = TAB

Para abreviar los clculos

sen 60 =

3
2

cos 60 =

1
2

3
TAB
TAB(Y ) =

cos 60 =

TAB = 577,35 Newton

3
(577,35) = 500 N
TAB(Y ) =

TAB (X) = TAB cos 60

TAB (Y) = 500 N

sen 60 =

TBC(Y )
TBC

cos 60 =

TBC (Y) = TBC sen 60

TBC(X )
TBC

TBC (X) = TBC cos 60

TBC(Y ) = TBC

3
TBC
TBC(Y ) =

TAB(X )
TAB

1
TBC(X ) = TBC
2
1
TBC(X ) = TBC
2

1
TAB(X ) = TAB
2
1
TAB(X ) = TAB
2
TAB = 577,35 Newton

TAB(X ) =

1
(577,35) = 288,67 N
2

TAB (X) = 288,67 N

3
TBC
TBC(Y ) =

FY = 0

100 = TBC (Y)

- 400 + TAB (Y) - TBC (Y) = 0

3
TBC
100 =

200
2
TBC =
= 115,47 N
100 =
3
3

TAB (Y) = 500 N


- 400 + 500 - TBC (Y) = 0
100 - TBC (Y) = 0

TBC = 115,47 N

100 = TBC (Y)

(compresin)

Se halla TBC (X)

FX = 0
- TBD + TAB (X) + TBC (X) = 0

1
TBC(X ) = TBC
2

TAB (X) = 288,67 N

TBC = 115,47 N

1
TBC(X ) = (115,47 ) = 57,73 N
2

TBC (X) = 57,73 Newton


- TBD + 288,67 + 57,73 = 0

TBC (X) = 57,73 Newton

- TBD + 346,4 = 0
TBD = 346,4 Newton

(compresin)

NUDO D
Luego obtenemos un diagrama de la junta D cortando las barras BD, DC y DE . De las ecuaciones de
equilibrio para la junta D.
800 N
800 N

800 N

TBD

TBD

TBD

600

TDE

TDC

TDC (Y)

TDE

TDE

TEC

TEC
EY

TDC(Y )
TDC

cos 60 =

TDC (Y) = TDC sen 60

TDC(Y ) = TDC

2
3
TDC
TDC (Y ) =

sen 60 =

TDE

TDE (Y)

TDC
TDE (X)

TDC (X)

TDC

sen 60 =

600

Para abreviar los clculos

sen 60 =

3
2

cos 60 =

1
2

TDC(X )
TDC

TDC (X) = TDC cos 60

1
TDC(X ) = TDC
2
3
TDC
TDC(Y ) =

TDE(Y )
TDE

cos 60 =

TDE (Y) = TDE sen 60

TDE(X )
TDE

TDE (X) = TDE cos 60

TDE (Y ) = TDE

3
TDE
TDE(Y ) =

1
TDE (X ) = TDE
2
1
TDE (X ) = TDE
2

FX = 0
TBD - TDE (X) + TDC (X) = 0
TBD = 346,4 Newton

(compresin)

346,4

- TDE (X) + TDC (X) = 0

TDE (X) - TDC (X) = 346,4 ecuacin 1


Pero:

FY = 0

1
TDE (X ) = TDE
2
1
TDC(X ) = TDC
2

- 800 + TDE (Y) + TDC (Y) = 0


TDE (Y) + TDC (Y) = 800 ecuacin 2
Pero:

Reemplazando en la ecuacin 1

1
TDE
2

1
- TDC = 346,4 ecuacin 3
2

TDE(Y ) =

TDC(Y ) =

3
TDE
2
3
TDC
2

Reemplazando en la ecuacin 2

3
3

TDE +

2 TDC = 800 ecuacin 4


2

resolver ecuacin 3 y ecuacin 4

1
1
TDE - TDC = 346,4 multiplicar por
2
2
3
3

TDE +

2 TDC = 800
2

3
TDC = 346,4
-

3
3

TDE +
2 TDC = 800
2

3
TDE
2

[ 3]

[ 3 ]= 600

3
3

TDE +

2 TDE = 600 + 800 = 1400


2

3
TDE = 1400
2

3 TDE = 1400
TDE =

1400
= 808,29 N
3

TDE = 808,29 Newton (compresin)


Reemplazando en la ecuacin 4, se halla TDC

3
3

TDE +

2 TDC = 800 ecuacin 4


2

3
3

(808,29 ) +

2 TDC = 800
2

3
TDC = 800
700 +

2 TDC = 800 - 700 = 100

2 200
TDC = 100
= 115,47 N
=
3
3
TDC = 115,47 Newton (Tensin)
Problema 6.1 ESTATICA BEDFORD edic 4
Determine the axial forces in the members of the truss and indicate whether they are in tension (T) or
compression (C)
A

10 KN

10 KN

2m

2m

BX

MC = 0
BY (1) 10 (2) = 0

BY (1) = 10 (2)
BY = 20 KN

2m

1m

BX

C
BY

1m

10 KN

C
BY

CY

FX = 0

FY = 0

10 BX = 0

CY BY = 0

BX = 10 KN

CY = BY

1m

CY

Pero: BY = 20 KN

CY = 20 KN

NUDO B
FBA

BX

FY = 0

FX = 0

FBC

BY

FBC BX = 0

FBA BY = 0
FBA = BY

FBC = BX

pero: BY = 20 KN

pero: BX = 10 KN

FBA = 20 KN (tensin)

FBC = 10 KN (tensin)
NUDO A
A
10 KN
FBA
FBA

2
1

FAC

FAC

FBA 10 FAC
= =
2
1
5

10 KN

Hallamos FAC

10 FAC
=
1
5

( )

FAC = 10 5 = 22,36 KN
FAC = 22,36 KN (compresin)

Problema 6.2 ESTATICA BEDFORD edic 4


La armadura mostrada soporta una carga de 10 kN en C.
a) Dibuje el diagrama de cuerpo libre de toda la armadura y determine las reacciones en sus
soportes
b) Determine las fuerzas axiales en las barras. Indique si se encuentran a tensin (T) o a
compresin (C) .

BY
BX

FCB

FAB

=0

FAB

=0

3m

MB = 0

AX

AX (3) - 10 (4) = 0

AX =

40
= 13,33KN
3

AX = 13,33 KN

A
FCA

FCA

AX (3) = 10 (4)
3 AX = 40

FCB

4m

C
10 KN

FY = 0
BY - 10 = 0
BY = 10 KN

MA = 0

BX (3) - 10 (4) = 0

BX (3) = 10 (4)
3 BX = 40

BX =

40
= 13,33KN
3

BX = 13,33 KN

10

NUDO C
FCB

3
10 KN

FCA

C
10 KN

5
4

FCB

FCA

FCB FCA 10
=
=
5
4
3

Hallar FCA

Hallar FCB

FCA 10
=
4
3

FCB 10
=
5
3
(5)10 = 16,66 KN
FCB =
3

FCA =

(4)10 = 13,33 KN
3

FCA = 13,33 kN (compresin)

FCB = 16,66 kN (Tensin)


NUDO A
FY = 0

AX = 13,33 KN
FAB = 0

FX = 0
AX - FCA = 0
AX = FCA
Pero: FCA = 13,33 kN
AX = FCA =13,33 kN

FAB
AX

=0

A
FCA

BY = 10 KN
BX = 13,33 KN

FCB = 16,66 kN (Tensin)


FCA = 13,33 kN (compresin)
FAB = 0

11

Problema 6.4 ESTATICA BEDFORD edic 5


The members of the truss are all of lenght L. Determine the axial forces in the members and indicate
whether they are in tension (T) or compression (C)
F
D

F
FBD

FBA

FBC

FBA

FBC

A
AX = 0
L

FBD

FCD

FCD

FAC

FAC

CY

AY
L

NUDO D

F
F

FBD

FBD

FBD

FBD

D
FDC

600

FCD

FDC (Y)

FDC

MC = 0

AX = 0

AY (L) F (L/2) = 0

FDC (X)

L
AY

CY

FDC

L/2

AY (L) = F (L/2)
AY = F
MA = 0

CY (L) F ( L + L/2) = 0

CY (L) - F ( 3/2 L) = 0
CY (L) = F ( 3/2 L)
CY = F ( 3/2)
CY = 3/2 F

sen 60 =

cos 60 =

FDC(X )
FDC

FDC (X) = FDC cos 60

1
FDC(X ) = FDC
2

Para abreviar los clculos

sen 60 =

3
2

cos 60 =

1
2

FDC(Y )
FDC
12

FDC (Y) = FDC sen 60

FDC(Y ) = FDC

3
FDC
FDC(Y ) =

FY = 0
- F + FDC (Y) = 0
F = FDC (Y)
Pero:
FDC (Y) = FDC sen 60
F = FDC sen 60
DESPEJANDO FDC

FDC =

1
(F) = 1,154 F
sen 60

FDC = 1,154 F (Compresion)

FX = 0

AX = 0

FX = 0

FY = 0

- FBD + FDC (X) = 0

AY + EY 400 - 800 = 0

FBD = FDC (X)


Pero:
FDC (X) = FDC cos 60
FBD = FDC cos 60
Pero: FDC = 1,154 F
F

FBD = (1,154 F) cos 60


FBD = 0,577 F (tensin)
NUDO B

FBA

FBC

FBC

FBC

FBA

FBA

FBD

FBC

A
AX = 0

FBD

FBA

FBD

FBD

L
AY

CY

13

sen 60 =

FBA(Y )
TAB

FBA (Y) = TBA sen 60

FBA(Y ) = FBA

3
FBA
FBA(Y ) =

sen 60 =

FBC(Y )
FBC

cos 60 =

FBA(X )
FBA

FBD
0

60

FBA (X) = FBA cos 60

1
FBA(X ) = FBA
2
1
FBA(X ) = FBA
2

FBA (Y)

600

FBC
FBA

FBC (Y)

FBC (X)

FBA (X)

FBC (Y) = TBC sen 60

FBC(Y ) = FBC

2
3
FBC
FBC(Y ) =

FX = 0

cos 60 =

FBC(x )
FBC

FBC (X) = FBC cos 60

1
FBC (X ) = FBC
2

FBD - FBC (X) - FBA (X) = 0

FBD - FBC(X ) - FBA (X ) = 0


FBC(X ) + FBA (X ) = FBD

Para abreviar los clculos

sen 60 =

3
2

cos 60 =

1
2

PERO:
FBD = 0,577 F

FBC(X ) + FBA (X ) = 0,577 F


1
1
FBC + FBA = 0,577 F (ECUACIN 1)
2
2
FY = 0
FBC (Y) - FBA (Y) = 0

3
3

FBC

2
2 FBA = 0 (ECUACIN 2)

resolver ecuacin 1 y ecuacin 2

1
1
FBC + FBA = 0,577 F multiplicar por
2
2

[ 3]
14

3
3

FBC -

2
2 FBA = 0

3
3
FBC +

2 FBA = 3
2

3
3
FBC -

2 FBA = 0
2

( ) (0,577 F)

3
FBC = F
2

3 FBC = F

1
FBC =
F
3
FBC = 0,577 F (compresin)
Reemplazando en la ecuacin 2

3
3
FBC

2 FBA = 0 (ECUACIN 2)
2

3
3
(0,577 F )

2 FBA = 0
2

3
3
(0,577 F ) =

2 FBA
2

Cancelando terminos semejantes

(0,577 F) = FBA

FBD

FBA = 0,577 F (tensin)

FBD

FBA

FBC

FCD

NUDO A
FBA

FBA
L

FBA

L/2

AY

L/2

FCD

FAC

FAC
AY

FAC
AY

FBC

CY

FAC

15

FBA FAC
=
L
L2
FBA 2 FAC
=
L
L

AY = F
CY = 3/2 F

Cancelando trminos semejantes


FBA = 2 FAC

FDC = 1,154 F (Compresion)

Pero: FBA = 0,577 F

FBD = 0,577 F (tensin)

0,577 F = 2 FAC

FAC =

0,577
F
2

FBC = 0,577 F (compresin)

FAC = 0,288 F (Compresin)

FBA = 0,577 F (tensin)

Problema 6.13 bedford edic 4


La armadura recibe cargas en C y E. Si F = 3 KN, cuales son las fuerzas axiales BC y BE?

AX=0

AY

1m

A FAB
FCA

FAB

1m

FEB

D
FDB

FGD

FDE

FCB

1m
FCA

1m

FDB

FCB
FEC

C
3 kN

FEB

FGD
FDE

FEC

FGE

FGE

GY

6 kN

MG = 0

6 (1) + 3 (1 +1) - AY (1+1+1) = 0

16

6 (1) + 3 (2) - AY (3) = 0


6 + 6 3 AY = 0
6 + 6 = 3 AY

FX = 0

AX = 0

12 = 3 AY

AY =

12
= 4 KN
3

AY = 4 KN
MA = 0
- 3 (1) - 6 (1 +1) + GY (1+1+1) = 0

- 3 - 6 (2) + GY (3) = 0
- 3 - 12 + 3 GY = 0
- 15 + 3 GY = 0
3 GY = 15

GY =

15
= 5 KN
3

AX

AY

1m

1m

1m

GY = 5 KN

FGD

NUDO G
1m

FGD

FGD

G
G
FGE

GY

FGE

3 kN

FGE

FGE

GY

6 kN

FGD

GY = 5 KN

Las ecuaciones de equilibrio para la junta G son:

FGD FGE 5
=
=
1
1
2
Hallar FGD

Hallar FGE

FGE 5
=
1
1
FGE = 5 KN (Tensin)

FGD
=5
2

17

FGD = 2 (5)
FGD = 7,071 KN (compresin)

NUDO D
D
FDB

AX

AY

1m

1m

1m

D
FDB

FDB

FDE

FGD

FDE

FGD
1m

FDB

FGD
FDE

FGD

G
1

FGE

FDE

3 kN

FGE

GY

6 kN

Las ecuaciones de equilibrio para la junta D son:


Hallar FDB

FGD FDE FDB


=
=
1
1
2

5 = FDB

PERO: FGD = 7,071 KN

FDB = 5 KN (compresion)

F
F
= DE = DB
1
1
2
5 = FDE = FDB
7,071

Hallar FDE

5 = FDE

AX

AY

1m

FDE = 5 KN (TENSION)

1m

1m

FDB
FEB

D
FDB

FGD

FDE
FDE

NUDO E

1m

FEB

FEB

FGD
FDE

FEC
FEC

C
E

FGE

3 kN

FEC

FGE

FGE

GY

6 kN

6 kN

18

sen 45 =

FEB(Y )
FEB

FEB (Y) = FEB sen 45

FEB(Y ) = FEB

2
FEB
FEB(Y ) =

cos 45 =

FEB(X )
FEB

FEB (X) = FEB cos 45

FEB(X ) = FEB

2
FEB
FEB(X ) =

FY = 0

FEB(X)
FEB(Y)

FDE = 5 KN

FEB
450

FEC

FGE = 5 KN
6 kN

FDE - 6 + FEB(Y) = 0
PERO: FDE = 5 kN
5 - 6 + FEB(Y) = 0
- 1 + FEB(Y) = 0
FEB(Y) = 1 KN

FEB =

FEB(Y )
1
=
= 1,414 kN
sen45 sen 45

FEB = 1,414 KN (tension)


FEB (X) = FEB cos 45
FEB (X) = (1,414) cos 45
FEB (X) = 1 KN
FX = 0
FGE - FEC - FEB (X) = 0
PERO:
FGE = 5 kN
FEB (X) = 1 KN
FGE - FEC - FEB (X) = 0
5 - FEC - 1 = 0
4 - FEC = 0
FEC = 4 KN (tension)

19

NUDO C
FCB

AX=0

FCA

AY

1m

A
FCA

FEC

1m

FEB

FCA

D
FDB

FCB
FEC

3 kN

FEB

FGD
FDE

FEC
FGE

FCA(Y )
sen 45 =
FCA

FGD

FDE

FCB

1m

1m

FDB

3 kN

FGE

GY

6 kN

FCA (Y) = FCA sen 45

FCA (Y ) = FCA

2
FCA
FCA (Y ) =

FX = 0

cos 45 =

FCA(X )
FCA

FCA(X)

FCA (X) = FCA cos 45

FEC - FAC (X) = 0


FEC = FAC (X)
PERO:
FEC = 4 kN

FCA (X ) = FCA

2
FCA
FCA (X ) =

FCA(Y)

FCB

FCA
450
FEC = 4 KN
3 kN

FAC (X) = 4 kN
FCA (X) = FCA cos 45

FY = 0

FCA =

- FCB - 3 + FCA(Y) = 0

FCA (X )
4
=
= 5,656kN
cos 45
0,7071

FCA = 5,656 KN (tension)

FCA (Y ) =

FCA (Y ) =

2
FCA
2
2
5,656 = 4 KN
2

PERO:
FCA (Y) = 4 kN
- FCB - 3 + 4 = 0
- FCB + 1 = 0
FCB = 1 KN (compresin)

FCA (Y) = 4 kN

20

NUDO A
AX=0

AY

1m

AY = 4 KN
AX=0

1m

D
FDB

FGD

FDE

FCB

1m
FCA

1m

FDB
FEB

FCA
FAB

FAB

FAB

FEB

FCB

FEC

FEC

FCA

FGD
FDE

C
Las ecuaciones de equilibrio para la junta A son:
3 kN

FCA FAB A Y
=
=
1
1
2

FGE

FGE

GY

6 kN

FAB
1

FCA

PERO: AY = 4 KN

FAB A Y
=
1
1

AY = 4 KN

FAB = 4 KN (compresin)
Problema 6.14 bedford edic 4
If you don't want the members of the truss to be subjected to an axial load (tension or compression)
greater than 20 kn, what is the largest acceptable magnitude of the downward force F?

12 m

12 m

4m

13 m

3m

tg =

5
= 0,4166
12

5m
4m

= arc tg (0,4166)
= 22,610

3m

21

tg =

4
= 1,3333
3

+ = 900

= arc tg (1,3333)

+ + = 900

= 90 -

= 53,120

= 90 - 53,12

pero:
= 36,870
= 22,610

= 36,870

+ + = 900

NUDO A

36,87 + 22,61 + = 900

FAB(X)
=36,870

= 900 - 36,87 - 22,61


F

FAB(Y)
FAB

= 30,520

FAC(Y)

FAC
FAC(X)

sen 36,87 =

FAB(Y )
FAB

FAB (Y) = FAB sen 36,87

FAB(Y ) = (0,6 ) FAB

FAC(X )
FAC
FAC(X )
sen 30,52 =
FAC

sen =

FAC (X) = FAC sen 30,52

cos 36,87 =

FAB(X )
FAB

FAB (X) = FAB cos 36,87

FAB(X ) = (0,8) FAB

cos 30,52 =

FAC(Y )
FAC

FAC (Y) = FAC cos 30,52

FAC(Y ) = (0,8614 ) FAC

FAC(X ) = (0,507 ) FAC


FX = 0
FAC(X) - FAB (X) = 0
0,507 FAC - 0,8 FAB = 0 ECUACION 1
FY = 0
FAC (Y) - F - FAB (Y) = 0

22

0,8614 FAC - F - 0,6 FAB = 0 ECUACION 2


NUDO C
FCB

FAC(X)

FCB(X)

FAC

FAC(Y)
FCD

FCB (Y)

FCB

FAC

= 53,120

sen 53,12 =

FCD

FCB(Y )
FCB

cos 53,12 =

FCB (Y) = FCB sen 53,12

FCB(X )
FCB

FAC(X ) = (0,507 ) FAC


FAC(Y ) = (0,8614 ) FAC

FCB (X) = FCB cos 53,12

FCB(Y ) = (0,7998 ) FCB

FCB(X ) = (0,6 ) FCB

FX = 0
FCD - FAC(X) - FCB (X) = 0
FCD 0,507FAC - 0,6 FCB = 0 ECUACION 3
FY = 0
FCB (Y) - FAC (Y) = 0
0,7998 FCB - 0,8614 FAC = 0 ECUACION 4
NUDO D
DX

A
FCD

12 m

FX = 0
DX - FCD = 0 ECUACION 5
0,507 FAC - 0,8 FAB = 0 ECUACION 1
0,8614 FAC - F - 0,6 FAB = 0 ECUACION 2
FCD 0,507FAC - 0,6 FCB = 0 ECUACION 3
0,7998 FCB - 0,8614 FAC = 0 ECUACION 4
DX - FCD = 0 ECUACION 5
DESPEJAMOS F en la ecuacin 2
0,8614 FAC - F - 0,6 FAB = 0 ECUACION 2

BY

FAC

B
BX

FCB

FDB
4m
FDB

DX

FAC

FCB

D FCD FCD

3m

0,8614 FAC - 0,6 FAB = F ECUACION 6

23

Resolver la ecuacin 1
0,507 FAC - 0,8 FAB = 0
0,507 FAC = 0,8 FAB
Despejando

FAC

0,8
FAC =
FAB = 1,577 FAB
0,507
FAC = 1,577 FAB
Reemplazar FAC en la ecuacin 6
0,8614 FAC - 0,6 FAB = F ECUACION 6
0,8614 (1,577 FAB ) - 0,6 FAB = F
1,3592 FAB - 0,6 FAB = F
0,7592 FAB = F
Despejando

FAB

1
F = 1,317 F
0,7592
FAB = 1,317 F
FAB =

Reemplazar FAB en la ecuacin 6


0,8614 FAC - 0,6 FAB = F ECUACION 6
0,8614 FAC - 0,6 (1,317 F) = F
0,8614 FAC - 0,79 F = F
0,8614 FAC = F + 0,79 F
0,8614 FAC = 1,79 F

1,79
F = 2,078 F
0,8614
FAC = 2,078 F
FAC =

Reemplazar FAC en la ecuacin 4


0,7998 FCB - 0,8614 FAC = 0 ECUACION 4
0,7998 FCB - 0,8614 (2,078 F) = 0
0,7998 FCB - 1,79 F = 0
0,7998 FCB = 1,79 F

FCB =

1,79
F = 2,238 F
0,7998

FCB = 2,238 F

FAB = 1,317 F
FAC = 2,078 F
FCB = 2,238 F
FCD = 2,395 F
FDB = 0

Reemplazar FAC y FCB en la ecuacin 3

24

FCD 0,507FAC - 0,6 FCB = 0 ECUACION 3


FCD 0,507 (2,078 F ) - 0,6 (2,238 F) = 0
FCD 1,053 F

- 1,342 F = 0

FCD = 1,053 F

+ 1,342 F

FCD = 2,395 F
LA ESTRUCTURA MAS CRITICA ES FCD
2,395 F = 20

F=

20
= 8,35 KN
2,395

F = 8,35 KN
Problema 6.1 beer edic 6
Por el mtodo de los nudos, halla la fuerza en todas las barras de la armadura representada indicar en
cada caso si es traccin o compresin.
A

4m

1,92 N

1,92 N

BY
3m

la reaccin en B?

FY = 0

1,92 N

BY 1,92 - CY = 0

1,92 ( 3) - CY (4,5) = 0

5,76 - CY (4,5 ) = 0
CY (4,5 ) = 5,76
5,76
CY =
= 1,28 N
4,5
CY = 1,28 N

CY

4,5 m

MB = 0

4m

B
BY
3m

CY

BY 1,92 1,28 = 0
BY = 3,2 Newton

4,5 m

25

Nudo B
FAB
FAB
B

FBC

BY

BY

FBC

FAB FBC 3,2


=
=
5
3
4

Hallar FBC
FBC 3,2
=
3
4
(3) 3,2 = 9,6 = 2,4 N
FBC =
4
4

Hallar FAB
FAB 3,2
=
4
5

FAB =

BY = 3,2 N

(5) 3,2 = 16 = 4 N

FBc = 2,4 Newton (compresin)

4
4
FAB = 4 Newton(compresin)
FCA (Y)

Nudo C

FCA

C
8,5

CY

8,5

7,5

7,5

FCA (X)

FCA

FBC

C
CY

7,5
cos =
8,5
FCA (X) = cos (FCA)

FCA (X ) =

7,5
FCA
8,5

sen =

FX = 0

4
8,5

FBC FCA (X) = 0

FCA (Y) = sen (FCA)

FCA (Y ) =

4
FCA
8,5

FBC -

7,5
FCA = 0
8,5

7,5
FCA
8,5
7,5
2,4 =
FCA
8,5
(2,4) 8,5 = 20,4 = 2,72 Newton
FCA =
7,5
7,5
FCA = 2,72 Newton (traccin)
FBC =

26

Problema 6.1 Beer edic 8


Utilice el mtodo de los nodos para determinar la fuerza presente en cada elemento de las armaduras.
Establezca si los elementos estn en tensin o en compresin.

800 lb

AY
AX

FAC

4 pies
4 pies
C

7,5 pies

tensin

FCB

compresin

FCB
C

Fx= 0

4 CX - 6000 = 0

CX AX = 0

4 CX = 6000

CX =

FAB

tensin

CX

CX ( 4) - 800 (7,5) = 0

FAB

FAC

MA = 0

800 lb

7,5 pies

CX = AX

6000
= 1500 lb
4

AX = 1500 lb.

CX = 1500 lb.
Nudo B
AY

FBA B

AX

800 lb

FBA B

FBA

800 lb

FBC

4 pies

FBC

FBA
CX

FBC
7,5 pies

FBA 800 FBC


=
=
8,5
7,5
4
F
FBA
= 200 = BC
8,5
7,5

7,5
4

FBC

8,5

Hallar FBC

Hallar FBA

F
200 = BC
8,5

FBA
= 200
7,5

FBC = 8,5 (200)

FBA = 1500 N (tensin)

800 lb

FBC = 1700 N (compresin)

27

NUDO C
AY

FCA

FBA B

A FBA

800 lb

AX

FCA

FBC
CX

4 pies

CX

FCA

7,5
4

FBC

CX

FBC

FCA
C

FBC
7,5 pies

8,5

FCA CX FBC
=
=
8,5
7,5
4
Pero:
FBC = 1700 N (compresin)

FBC = 1700 N (compresin)


FBA = 1500 N (tensin)
FCA = 200 (4) = 800 N (tensin)

FCA CX 1700
=
=
7,5
8,5
4
FCA CX
=
= 200
7,5
4
Hallar FcA

FCA
= 200
4
FCA = 200 (4) = 800 N (tensin)

28

Problema 6.2 beer edic 6


Por el mtodo de los nudos, halla la fuerza en todas las barras de la armadura representada indicar en
cada caso si es traccin o compresin.
A

0,75 m

0,4 m
B
1,4 m
2,8 KN
0,75 m

AY
AX

FAC

FAB
tensin

FAB

MA = 0

CX ( 1,4) = 2,8 (0,75)


1,4 CX = 2,1
2,1
CX =
= 1,5 N
1,4
CX = 1,5 KNewton

FCB

CX ( 1,4) - 2,8 (0,75) = 0

0,4 m

tensin

1,4 m

2,8 KN

compresin
FAC
CX

FY= 0
AY 2,8 = 0

FCB
C

AY = 2,8 KNewton

MC = 0

- AX ( 1,4) - 2,8 (0,75) = 0

-1,4 AX = 2,1
2,1
AX = = - 1,5 N
1,4
AX = - 1,5 KNewton (significa que la fuerza AX
esta direccionada hacia la izquierda)

0,75 m

AY

- AX ( 1,4) = 2,8 (0,75)

AX

A
B

1,4 m
2,8 N

MC = 0

0,4 m

AX ( 1,4) - 2,8 (0,75) = 0

AX ( 1,4) = 2,8 (0,75)


CX

1,4 AX = 2,1
2,1
AX =
= 1,5 N
1,4

29

AX = 1,5 KNewton
Nudo A
AY
AY
A

AX
AX

FAB

0,85

0,4

FAB (Y)

0,75

0,75

FAC

FAB

FAB

FAB (X)

FAC

0,75
cos =
0,85
FAB (X) = cos (FAB)
FAB (X ) =

0,85

0,4

AY

sen =

FAB

AX

FAC

0,75
FAB
0,85

0,4
0,85

FAB (Y) = sen (FAB)

FAB (Y ) =

FX = 0
- AX + FAB (X) = 0
0,75
- AX +
FAB = 0
0,85
0,75
AX =
FAB
0,85

AX

FAC

0,85
AX
0,75
0,85
(1,5)
FAB =
0,75
FAB = 1,7 KNewton (traccin)
FAB =

0,4
FAB
0,85

FY= 0

AY

FAB

AY FAC FAB (Y) = 0


0,4
A Y - FAC
FAB = 0
0,85
0,4
(1,7 ) = 0
2,8 - FAC
0,85
2,8 0,8 = FAC
FAC = 2 KNewton (Traccin)

Nudo C
FAC

sen =

FCB

CX
CX

FAC

FCB

1
1,25

cos =

0,75
1,25

FCB (Y) = sen (FCB)

FCB (X) = sen (FCB)

1
FCB (Y ) =
FCB
1,25

F
0,75
CB(X ) =
FCB
1,25

1,25

FCB

0,75

FCB (Y)

FCB (X)

30

FX = 0

0,75 m

AY

CX - FCB (X) = 0

AX

0,4 m

CX = FCB (X)
B

0,75
FCB
1,25
FAC
1,25
FCB
FCB =
CX
0,75
C
CX
CX = 1,5 KNewton
1,25
(1,5) = 2,5 KN
FCB =
0,75
FCB = 2,5 KNewton (compresin)
CX =

1,4 m

0,75

1m

2,8 N

FAC

FCB
C

CX

Problema 6.2 beer edic 8


Utilice el mtodo de los nodos para determinar la fuerza presente en cada elemento de las armaduras.
Establezca si los elementos estn en tensin o en compresin.
4,2 KN
4,2 KN

FBC
FBC

FBA

1,5 m

1,5 m

4m

4m

FBA

CY

3m

A
A

AX
4m

MA = 0

CY ( 4 + 2) - 4,2 (4) = 0

CY ( 6) - 16,8 = 0
6 CY = 16,8

CY =

16,8
= 2.8 KN
6

CY = 2,8 KN

BY

4m

2m

2m

FY = 0
BY + CY 4,2 = 0
Pero: CY = 2,8 KN
BY + 2,8 4,2 = 0
BY 1,4 = 0
BY = 1,4 kN

31

Nudo B

4,2 KN

FBC
1,5 m

FBC

FBA

4,2 KN

FBA

CY

FBC

4m

4,2 KN

3m

FBC

FBA

FBA

AX
4m

BY

2m

cos =

2
= 0,8
2,5

sen =

cos =

FBC(X )
FBC

sen =

1,5
= 0,6
2,5
FBC(Y )

FBC

FBC (X) = cos (FBC)

FBC (Y) = sen (FBC)

FBC (X ) = (0,8) FBC

FBC (Y ) = (0,6 ) FBC

cos =

cos =

4
= 0,7079
5,65
FBA(X )
FBA

FBC(X)

FBC(Y)

1,5

2,5

FBC

4
sen =
= 0,7079
5,65
FBA(Y )
sen =
FBA

FBA (X) = cos (FBA)

FBA (Y) = sen (FBA)

FBA (X ) = (0,7079 ) FBA

FBA (Y ) = (0,7079 ) FBA

FY = 0
FBC(Y) + FBA (Y) 4,2 = 0
FBC(Y) + FBA (Y) = 4,2
0,6 FBC + 0,7079 FBA = 4,2 (Ecuacin 2)

FBA
FBA(Y)

5,65

4,2 KN
4

FBA(X)

FX = 0
FBA(X) FBC (X) = 0

0,7079 FBA - (0,8) FBC = 0 (Ecuacin 1)

Resolver las ecuaciones

32

0,7079 FBA - 0,8 FBC = 0 (-1)


Reemplazando en la ecuacin 1

0,6 FBC + 0,7079 FBA = 4,2

0,7079 FBA - 0,8 FBC = 0

- 0,7079 FBA + 0,8 FBC = 0

Pero:
FBC = 3 KN

0,6 FBC + 0,7079 FBA = 4,2

0,7079 FBA - 0,8 (3) = 0

0,8 FBC + 0,6 FBC = 4,2

0,7079 FBA 2,4 = 0

1,4 FBC = 4,2

FBC =

0,7079 FBA = 2,4

4,2
= 3 KN
1,4

FBA =

FBC = 3 KN (compresin)

2,4
= 3,39 KN
0,7079

FBC = 3,39 KN (compresin)

NUDO C
FBC

4,2 KN

FBC
FBC

FBA

FBC(X)

C
1,5 m

FCA

CY

FBC(Y)

1,5

4m

FCA

FBA

CY

3m

FCA(Y)

FCA

FCA

2,5

2
6,7

FBC

AX

FCA(X)
BY

cos =

4m

2
= 0,8
2,5

2m

cos =

FBC(X )
FBC

sen =
sen =

1,5
= 0,6
2,5
FBC(Y )

3
6
CY

FBC

FBC (X) = cos (FBC)

FBC (Y) = sen (FBC)

FBC (X ) = (0,8) FBC

FBC (Y ) = (0,6 ) FBC

33

6
= 0,8955
6,7

cos =

cos =

FCA(X )
FCA

sen =

FCA (X) = cos (FCA)

sen =

FCA (X ) = (0,8955) FCA

3
= 0,4477
6,7
FCA(Y )
FCA

FCA (Y) = sen (FCA)

FCA (Y ) = (0,4477 ) FCA

FX = 0
FBC(X) FCA (X) = 0

(0,8) FBC - (0,8955) FCA

= 0 (Ecuacin 1)

PERO:
FBC = 3 KN (compresin)

(0,8) FBC - (0,8955) FCA = 0


(0,8)(3) - (0,8955) FCA = 0
2,4 - (0,8955) FCA = 0

FBC = 3,39 KN (compresin)

0,8955 FCA = 2,4

FBC = 3 KN (compresin)

2,4
= 2,68 KN
0,8955
FCA = 3 KN (tension)

FCA = 3 KN (tension)

FCA =

Problema 6.3 beer edic 6


Por el mtodo de los nudos, halla la fuerza en todas las barras de la armadura representada indicar en
cada caso si es traccin o compresin.
945 lb

FX = 0 BX = 0
MB = 0

CY ( 12 + 3,75) - 945 (12) = 0


9 pies

CY (15,75) - 945 (12) = 0


CY (15,75) = 945 (12)

15,75 CY = 11340
12 pies

11340
CY =
= 720 lb
15,75

3,75 pies

34

CY = 720 lb
MC = 0

945 lb

945 (3,75) - BY ( 12+ 3,75) = 0


A

FBA

945 (3,75) = BY ( 15,75)

FCA

945 lb

3543,75 = 15,75 BY

3543,75
BY =
= 225 lb
15,75
BY = 225 lb.

BX

FCA

FBA

FBC

FBC

9 pies

CY

BY

BX
BY

C
CY

12 pies

3,75 pies

NUDO B

sen =

9
15

cos =

12
15

FBA

FBA (X) = sen (FBA)

FBA (Y) = sen (FBA)

F
9
BA(X ) = FBA
15

F
12
BA(Y ) = FBA
15

FBA FBC B Y
=
=
15
12
9
FBA FBC 225
=
=
15
12
9
Hallar FBA
FBA 225
=
15
9
(15) 225 = 375 lb.
FBA =
9
FBA = 375 lb. (compresin)

BY

FBA
BX

FBC
FBC

BX

BY

Hallar FBC
FBC 225
=
12
9

FBC =

(12) 225 = 300 lb.


9

FBC = 300 lb. (traccin)

35

Nudo C
FCA (X)

FCA

FBC

3,75
9,75

C
FCA

FBC

CY

FCA (Y)

FCA

FCA

CY

FBC

C
CY

FCA FBC C Y
=
=
9,75 3,75
9
FCA FBC
=
9,75 3,75

CY = 720 lb

Hallar FCA
(9,75)300 = 780 lb
FCA =
3,75

FBC = 300 lb. (traccin)

BY = 225 lb.
FBA = 375 lb. (compresin)

FCA = 780 lb. (compresin)

FCA = 780 lb. (compresin)


Problema 6.3 Beer edic 8
Utilice el mtodo de los nodos para determinar la fuerza presente en cada elemento de las armaduras.
Establezca si los elementos estn en tensin o en compresin.
B

450 lb
AX

AY
A

10 pies

450 lb

FBA

FBA
FCA

tensin

FBC

compresin

7,5 pie

FCA
24 pies

FBC

compresin

10 pies

CY
7,5 pie

24 pies

MA = 0

CY ( 7,5) - 450 (7,5 + 24) = 0

7,5 CY - 450 (31,5 ) = 0


7,5 CY - 14175 = 0
7,5 CY = 14175

CY =

14175
= 1890 lb
7.5

CY = 1890 lb.

36

NUDO B

AX

A
A

AY

FBA

FBA

450 lb

FBC
26

FBC

10 pies

FBC

10

450 lb

24

FBA

CY

FBC 450 FBA


=
=
26
10
24

24 pies

7,5 pie

Hallar FBA

Cancelando trminos semejantes

F
90 = BA
12
FBA = 90 (12) = 1080 lb (tensin)

FBC 450 FBA


=
=
13
5
12
FBC
F
= 90 = BA
13
12

AY

Hallar FBC

AX

FBC
= 90
13
FBC = 90 (13) = 1170 lb (compresin)

FCA

450 lb

FBC

FCA

10 pies

FBC

FCA

NUDO C

FBA

FBA

CY
C

FBC

24 pies

7,5 pie

CY

cos =
cos =

7,5
= 0,6
12,5
FCA (X )
FCA

FCA (X) = cos (FCA)

FCA (X ) = (0,6) FCA

sen =

sen =

10
= 0,8
12,5
FCA (Y )

FCA(X)

FCA

FCA (Y) = sen (FCA)

FCA (Y ) = (0,8) FCA

10 12,5
FCA(Y)
7,5 FCA

FBC(X)
FBC

26

10 FBC(Y)

24

CY

37

24
= 0,923
26
FBC(X )
cos =
FBC
cos =

sen =

10
= 0,3846
26

FBC(Y )
FBC

FBC (X) = cos (FBC)

sen =

FBC (X ) = (0,923) FBC

FBC (Y) = sen (FBC)

FBC (Y ) = (0,3846 ) FBC


FY = 0
CY - FCA(Y) - FBC (Y) = 0

FX = 0

Pero: CY = 1890 lb.


1890 - FCA(Y) - FBC (Y) = 0
FCA(Y) + FBC (Y) = 1890

FCA (X) - FBC(X) = 0

(0,6) FCA - (0,923) FBC = 0

(Ecuacin 1)

0,8 FCA + 0,3846 FBC = 1890 (Ecuacin 2)


Resolver las ecuaciones
0,6 FCA - 0,923 FBC = 0 (0,3846)
0,8 FCA + 0,3846 FBC = 1890 (0,923)

FBA = 90 (12) = 1080 lb (tensin)

0,23 FCA - 0,354 FBC = 0

FBC = 90 (13) = 1170 lb (compresin)

0,7384 FCA + 0,354 FBC = 1744,47

FCA = 1801,39 KN (compresin)

0,23 FCA + 0,7384 FCA = 1744,47


0,9684 FCA = 1744,47

FCA =

1744,47
= 1801,39 KN
0,9684

FCA = 1801,39 KN (compresin)

38

Problema 6.4 beer edic 6


Por el mtodo de los nudos, halla la fuerza en todas las barras de la armadura representada indicar en
cada caso si es traccin o compresin.
10,8 Kips
35 pies

22,5 pies

10,8 Kips

B
12 pies

D
FX = 0 AX = 0
MA = 0

D (22,5) - 10,8 (22,5) -10,8 (22,5 + 35) = 0

D (22,5) - 10,8 (22,5) -10,8 (57,5) = 0

A FAB

22,5 D - 243 - 621 = 0


22,5 D = 864

10,8 Kips

FAB

FAD

10,8 Kips

FBC

FBC

FBD

AY

864
= 38,4 Kips
22,5
D = 38,4 Kips
D=

D
D

MC = 0

AY (22,5 + 35) + 10,8 (35) D (35) = 0

AY (57,5) + 10,8 (35) (38,4) (35) = 0


57,5 AY + 378 1344 = 0
57,5 AY = 966
966
AY =
= 16,8 Kips
57,5
AY = 16,8 Kips

10,8 Kips
35 pies

22,5 pies

10,8 Kips

AX
AY

12 pies

D
D

39

Nudo A
A

FAB
AY

FAD
FAD(Y)

FAD FAB A Y
=
=
25,5 22,5
12

12

AY

25,5

AY = 16,8 Kips
FAD FAB 16,8
=
=
25,5 22,5
12

25,5
22,5

FAD

22,5

12

FAD

FAD(X)

FAB A

FAB
FAD

Hallar FAB
FAB 16,8
=
22,5
12
(22,5)16,8 = 31,5 Kips
FAB =
12

AY

Hallar FAD
FAD 16,8
=
25,5
12
(25,5)16,8 = 35,7 Kips
FAD =
12

FAB = 35,7 Kips (tensin)

FAD = 35,7 Kips (compresin)

Nudo B
FAB

10,8 Kips

FAB

10,8 Kips

FBC

FBD

10,8 Kips

FAB

FBC
FBD

FBC
FBD

FX = 0

FY = 0

FBC FAB = 0

FBD 10,8 = 0

FAB = 35,7 Kips

FBD = 10,8 Kips (compresin)

FBC = FAB
FBC = 35,7 Kips (tensin)

40

Nudo C
10,8 Kips

10,8 Kips

FBC

FCD

37
35

12

FBC

10,8 Kips

FCD

FBC

FCD

FCD FBC 10,8


=
=
37
35
12

AX = 0 D = 38,4 Kips
AY = 16,8 Kips

Hallar FCD
FCD 10,8
=
37
12
(37 )10,8 = 33,3 Kips
FCD =
12
FCD = 33,3 Kips (compresin)

FAB = 35,7 Kips (tensin)


FAD = 35,7 Kips (compresin)
FBC = 35,7 Kips (tensin)
FBD = 10,8 Kips (compresin)
FCD = 33,3 Kips (compresin)

Problema 6.1 Esttica Hibbeler edic 10


Determine la fuerza en cada miembro de la armadura y establezca si los miembros estn en tensin o
en compresin. Considere P1 = 800 lb. y P2 = 400 lb.
AY

6 pies

8 pies

TCA

AX

TCA

TBC

TBA

tensin

tensin

TBA
P2 = 400 lb

- 400 (8) - 800 (6) + CY (6 + 8) = 0

- 400 (8) - 800 (6) + CY (14) = 0


- 3200 - 4800 + CY (14) = 0

CY
8 pies

TBC

P1 = 800 lb

MA = 0

FX = 0
AX 400 = 0
AX = 400 lb.

41

- 8000 + CY (14) = 0
CY (14) = 8000

CY =

8000
= 571,42 lb
14

CY = 571,42 lb
MC = 0
- AY (6 + 8) - 400 (8) + 800 (8) = 0

- AY (14) - 400 (8) + 800 (8) = 0


- 14 AY - 3200 = 0
14 AY = 3200

AY =

3200
= 228,57 lb
14

AY = 228,57 lb
NUDO B
TBC

TBA (X)

TBC

TBA

TBA

P2 = 400 lb

B
P2 = 400 lb

TBA (Y)

10
T
6 BA

P2 = 400 lb

TBC

8 2

TBC (Y)

TBC (X)

P1 = 800 lb
P1 = 800 lb

sen =

8 4
=
10 5

sen =

cos =

6 3
=
10 5

cos =

sen =

8
8 2
8
8 2

2
2

2
2

P1 = 800 lb

TBA(Y )
TBA(Y )= sen (TBA )
TBA

4
TBA(Y )= (TBA )
5
42

cos =

TBA(X )
TBA(X )= cos (TBA )
TBA

3
TBA(X )= (TBA )
5
FX = 0
- 400 + TBC (X) - TBA (X) = 0
TBC (X) - TBA (X) = 400

2
(TBC ) - 3 TBA = 400 (Ecuacin 1)
2
5

sen =

TBC(Y )
TBC(Y )= sen (TBC )
TBC

2
(TBC )
TBC(Y )=

TBC(X )
cos =
TBC(X )= cos (TBC )
TBC
2
(TBC )
TBC(X )=

FY = 0
- 800 + TBC (Y) + TBA (Y) = 0
TBC (Y) + TBA (Y) = 800

2
(TBC ) + 4 TBA = 800 (Ecuacin 2)
2
5
resolver ecuacin 1 y ecuacin 2

2
(TBC ) - 3 TBA = 400 ( -1)
2
5
2
(TBC ) + 4 TBA = 800
2
5
-

2
(TBC ) + 3 TBA = - 400
5
2
2
(TBC ) + 4 TBA = 800
5
2

7
TBA = 400
5
(400)5
TBA =
7
TBA = 285,71 lb. (Tensin)

Reemplazando en la ecuacin 1

2
(TBC ) - 3 TBA = 400 (Ecuacin 1)
2
5
2
(TBC ) - 3 (285,71) = 400
2
5
2
(TBC ) - 171,42 = 400
2
2
(TBC ) = 571,42
2
2
TBC =
571,42
2
TBC = 808,12 lb. (Tensin)

43

NUDO C
TCA

TBC

8 2
TBC

CY

CY

TCA

Las ecuaciones de equilibrio para el nudo C son:

TCA TBC C Y
=
=
8
8
8 2
Hallar TCA

TCA TBC
=
8
8 2
Pero:
TBC = 808,12 lb.

TCA 808,12
=
8
8 2
TCA =

808,12
= 571,42 lb
2

TCA = 571,42 lb (Compresin)


Problema 6.2 Esttica Hibbeler edic 10
Determine la fuerza en cada miembro de la armadura y establezca si los miembros estn en tensin o
en compresin. Considere P1 = 500 lb. y P2 = 100 lb.
AY

6 pies

8 pies

TCA

AX

TCA

TBC

TBA

tensin

tensin

TBA
P2 = 100 lb

MA = 0

CY
8 pies

TBC

P1 = 500 lb

44

- 100 (8) - 500 (6) + CY (6 + 8) = 0

- 100 (8) - 500 (6) + CY (14) = 0

FX = 0

- 800 - 3000 + CY (14) = 0

AX 400 = 0

- 3800 + CY (14) = 0

AX = 400 lb.

CY (14) = 3800

CY =

3800
= 271,42 lb
14

CY = 271,42 lb
MC = 0
- AY (6 + 8) - 100 (8) + 500 (8) = 0

- AY (14) - 100 (8) + 500 (8) = 0


- AY (14) - 800 + 4000 = 0
- 14 AY + 3200 = 0
14 AY = 3200

AY =

3200
= 228,57 lb
14

TBA (X)

AY = 228,57 lb
NUDO B

TBA (Y)
TBC
TBC

TBA

10
T
6 BA

TBC

8 2

TBC (Y)

TBC (X)

P2 = 400
100 lb

TBA

P2 = 100 lb

P1 = 800
500 lb

P2 = 100 lb
P1 = 500 lb
P1 = 500 lb

8 4
sen = =
10 5
cos =

6 3
=
10 5

sen =

cos =

8
8 2
8
8 2

2
2

2
2

45

sen =

TBA(Y )
TBA(Y )= sen (TBA )
TBA

4
TBA(Y )= (TBA )
5
cos =

TBA(X )
TBA(X )= cos (TBA )
TBA

3
TBA(X )= (TBA )
5
FX = 0
- 100 + TBC (X) - TBA (X) = 0

sen =

2
(TBC )
TBC(Y )=

TBC (X) - TBA (X) = 100

2
(TBC ) - 3 TBA = 100 (Ecuacin 1)
2
5
FY = 0

TBC(Y )
TBC(Y )= sen (TBC )
TBC

cos =

TBC(X )
TBC(X )= cos (TBC )
TBC

2
(TBC )
TBC(X )=

- 500 + TBC (Y) + TBA (Y) = 0


TBC (Y) + TBA (Y) = 500

2
(TBC ) + 4 TBA = 500 (Ecuacin 2)
2
5
resolver ecuacin 1 y ecuacin 2

2
(TBC ) - 3 TBA = 100 ( -1)
2
5
2
(TBC ) + 4 TBA = 500
2
5
-

2
(TBC ) + 3 TBA = - 100
5
2
2
(TBC ) + 4 TBA = 500
5
2

7
TBA = 400
5

Reemplazando en la ecuacin 1

2
(TBC ) - 3 TBA = 100 (Ecuacin 1)
2
5
2
(TBC ) - 3 (285,71) = 100
2
5
2
(TBC ) - 171,42 = 100
2
2
(TBC ) = 271,42
2
2
TBC =
271,42
2
TBC = 383,84 lb. (Tensin)

46

(400)5

TBA =

TBA = 285,71 lb. (Tensin)


NUDO C
Las ecuaciones de equilibrio para el nudo C son:

TCA

TCA TBC C Y
=
=
8
8
8 2

TBC

8 2
TBC

Hallar TCA

CY

CY

TCA

TCA TBC
=
8
8 2
Pero:
TBC = 383,84 lb.

TBA = 285,71 lb. (Tensin)

TCA 383,84
=
8
8 2

TBC = 383,84 lb. (Tensin)


TCA = 271,42 lb (Compresin)

TCA =

383,84
= 271,42 lb
2

TCA = 271,42 lb (Compresin)


Problema 6.3 Esttica Hibbeler edic 10
La armadura, usada para soportar un balcn, esta sometida a la carga mostrada. Aproxime cada nudo
como un pasador y determine la fuerza en cada miembro. Establezca si los miembros estn en tensin o
en compresin. Considere P1 = 600 lb P2 = 400 lb.
P2 = 400 lb

P1 = 600 lb

B FBC

FAB
FAD

FBC

C CY
CX

FAB
FDC

FBD

4 pies
FBD
FAD

FDC

D FED
4 pies

E
FED

EX
EY = 0

4 pies

MC = 0

P1 (4 + 4) + P2 (4) EX (4) = 0

47

600 (4 + 4) + 400 (4) EX (4) = 0


P2 = 400 lb

P1 = 600 lb

600 (8) + 400 (4) 4 EX = 0


4800 + 1600 4 EX = 0

B FBC

FAB

6400 4 EX = 0

FAD

4 EX = 6400

C CY
CX

FAB
FBD

FDC

4 pies
FBD

6400
EX =
= 1600 lb
4

FDC

FAD

EX = 1600 lb

D FED
4 pies

NUDO A

FBC

E
FED

EX
EY = 0

4 pies

P1 = 600 lb

FAB

FAB
4

FAD

4 2
Las ecuaciones de equilibrio para el nudo A son:

P1 = 600 lb

FAD

FAB FAD 600


=
=
4
4
4 2
Cancelar trminos semejantes

F
FAB = AD = 600
2
Hallar FAB

FAB = 600 lb

Hallar FAD

FAD
= 600
2
FAD =

( 2 ) 600 = 848,52 lb

FAD = 848,52 lb (compresin)

FAB = 600 lb (Tension)

48

NUDO E

FED

FX = 0
FED - EX = 0

P2 = 400 lb

P1 = 600 lb

EX

EY = 0

B FBC

FAB

C CY
CX

FAB

FAD

FED = EX

FBC

FDC

FBD

4 pies
FBD

PERO: EX = 1600 lb
FED = 1600 lb (compresin)

FDC

FAD

D FED

FY = 0
EY = 0

FED

4 pies

4 pies

P1 = 600 lb

P2 = 400 lb

EX
EY = 0

NUDO B
P2 = 400 lb
FAB

B FBC
P2 = 400 lb

FAB
FBD

FX = 0
FBC - FAB = 0

FBD

FBC

B FBC

FAB
FAD

FBC

C CY
CX

FAB
FDC

FBD

4 pies
FBD

FBC = FAB

FAD

FDC

D FED

PERO: FAB = 600 lb (Tensin)

4 pies

E
FED

EX
EY = 0

4 pies

FBC = 600 lb (Tensin)


FY = 0
FBD - 400 = 0
FBD = 400 lb (compresin)
FY = 0
CY - 600 - 400 = 0

FX = 0
CX - EX = 0
CX = EX

PERO: EX = 1600 lb
CX = 1600 lb

CY - 1000 = 0
CY = 1000 lb.

49

NUDO C

P2 = 400 lb

P1 = 600 lb

FY = 0
C CY

FBC

CY FDC(Y) = 0

A
CX

CY = FDC(Y)

B FBC

FAB
FAD

FDC

sen =

4 2

CX

FAB
FBD

D FED

1
= 0,7071
2

FDC =

FDC(Y )
sen

FDC =

1000
= 1414,22 lb
0,7071

FDC = 1414,22 lb (tensin)

FDC

FAD

FDC(Y )
FDC

FDC

FBD

FDC(Y) = 1000 lb

C CY

4 pies

PERO: CY = 1000 lb.

sen =

FBC

4 pies

FED

EX
EY = 0

4 pies

FDC

4 2

FDC (Y)

4
FDC (X)

FBC
FDC

FDC (Y)

CY

CX

FBD = 400 lb (compresin)


FBC = 600 lb (Tensin)

EX = 1600 lb

FAB = 600 lb (Tensin)

EY = 0

FED = 1600 lb (compresin)

CX = 1600 lb

FAD = 848,52 lb (compresin)

CY = 1000 lb.

FDC = 1414,22 lb (tensin)

50

Problema 6.4 Esttica Hibbeler edic 10


La armadura, usada para soportar un balcn, esta sometida a la carga mostrada. Aproxime cada nudo
como un pasador y determine la fuerza en cada miembro. Establezca si los miembros estn en tensin o
en compresin. Considere P1 = 800 lb P2 = 0 lb.
FUERZA CERO

P1 = 800 lb

B FBC

FAB

FAD

C CY

FBC

CX

FAB
FDC

FBD = 0

4 pies

FBD = 0

FAD

FDC

D FED
4 pies

MC = 0

FED

EX
EY = 0

4 pies

P1 (4 + 4) EX (4) = 0

800 (4 + 4) EX (4) = 0
800 (8) 4 EX = 0
6400 4 EX = 0
4 EX = 6400

EX =

6400
= 1600 lb
4

EX = 1600 lb

P1 = 800 lb

NUDO A

FAB
P1 = 800 lb

4
FAB

4 2

B FBC

FAB
FAD

C CY
CX

FAB
FBD = 0

P1 = 800 lb

FAD

FBC

4 pies

FDC

FBD = 0

FAD
FAD

Las ecuaciones de equilibrio para el nudo A son:

FAB FAD 800


=
=
4
4
4 2

FDC

D FED
4 pies

E
FED

EX
EY = 0

4 pies

Cancelar trminos semejantes

51

F
FAB = AD = 800
2

Hallar FAD

FAD
= 800
2
FAD = 2 800 = 1131,37 lb

Hallar FAB

( )

FAB = 800 lb

FAB = 800 lb (Tensin)

FAD = 1131,37 lb (compresin)

NUDO E
FX = 0
FED - EX = 0
FED = EX

P1 = 800 lb

E
FED

EX

C CY

FBC

CX

FAB

FAD

EY = 0

PERO: EX = 1600 lb

B FBC

FAB

FDC

FBD = 0

4 pies

FBD = 0

FED = 1600 lb (compresin)


FY = 0
EY = 0

FDC

FAD

D FED
4 pies

FED

EX
EY = 0

4 pies

NUDO B
FUERZA CERO
Si tres miembros forman un nudo de armadura en el cual dos de los miembros son colineales, el tercer
miembro es un miembro de fuerza cero siempre que ninguna fuerza exterior o reaccin de soporte este
aplicada al nudo.
FX = 0
FBC - FAB = 0

B FBC
FAB

FBC = FAB

Pero:
FAB = 800 lb (Tensin)

FBD

FUERZA CERO

P1 = 800 lb

B FBC

FAB
FAD

C CY
CX

FAB
FBD = 0

4 pies

FDC

FBD = 0

FBC = 800 lb (Tensin)


FAD

FY = 0
FBD = 0

FBC

FDC

D FED
4 pies

E
FED

EX
EY = 0

4 pies

52

FY = 0

FX = 0

CY - 800 = 0

CX = EX

CY = 800 lb.

PERO: EX = 1600 lb

CX - EX = 0

FDC

CX = 1600 lb
NUDO C

FDC

FY = 0
CY FDC(Y) = 0

CX
FDC

PERO: CY = 800 lb.

B FBC

FAB

1
= 0,7071
2

FDC

FBD = 0
FDC

4 pies

800
= 1131,38 lb
0,7071

E
FED

EX
EY = 0

4 pies

FBD = 0 lb

FDC = 1131,38 lb (tensin)

CX = 1600 lb

FBD = 0

D FED

FDC =

C CY
CX

FAD

FDC(Y )
sen

FBC

FAB

4 pies

4 2
FDC(Y )
sen =
FDC

EX = 1600 lb

FDC (X)

CY

P1 = 800 lb

FAD

FDC =

FDC (Y)

CX

FDC(Y) = 800 lb

sen =

FDC (Y)

C CY

FBC

CY = FDC(Y)

4 2

FBC

EY = 0

FBC = 800 lb (Tensin)


FAB = 800 lb (Tensin)
FED = 1600 lb (compresin)
FAD = 1131,37 lb (compresin)
FDC = 1131,38 lb (tensin)

CY = 800 lb.

53

Problema c-34 esttica Hibbeler edic 10


Determine la fuerza en cada miembro de la armadura. Establezca si los miembros estn en tensin o en
compresin.
BY
FUERZA CERO

FCB

BX

FAB

FCB

3 pies

C
FDC

FCA
FCA

FDC

FAB

FDA A AX

FDA
2 pies

2 pies
300 lb

FDC

NUDO D

FDC
5

FDC 300 FDA


=
=
5
3
4
FDC
F
= 100 = DA
5
4

FDA

300 lb

3
4

FDA

300 lb

Hallar FDA

FDA
= 100
4

Hallar FCD

FDC
= 100
5

FDA = (4) 100 = 400 lb (compresin)

FDC = (5) 100 = 500 lb (Tensin)


FUERZA CERO
Si tres miembros forman un nudo de armadura en el cual dos de los miembros son colineales, el tercer
miembro es un miembro de fuerza cero siempre que ninguna fuerza exterior o reaccin de soporte este
aplicada al nudo.
FUERZA CERO

FCA = 0

FCB

FDC = FCB
Pero: FDC = 500 lb

C
FDC

FCA = 0

FCB = 500 lb (Tensin)

54

NUDO A
FCA = 0

FAB = 0

FCA = 0

FAB = 0

BY

FDA A AX

FX = 0
FDA - AX = 0

FCB

AX

FDA

FCA = 0

BX

FCB
3 pies

FAB = 0

FY = 0

FCB = 500 lb (Tensin)

FAB = 0

FDA = (4) 100 = 400 lb

FDC
FDC

(compresin)

FDA A AX

FDA
2 pies

2 pies

FDC = (5) 100 = 500 lb

300 lb

(Tensin)

Problema C-35 esttica Hibbeler edic 10


Determine la fuerza en los miembros AE y DC. Establezca si los miembros estn en tensin o en
compresin.
E
D
F
FAB

=0

FAE

FCD

3 pies
FAF = 0

A
AX = 0
AY

FAE

FCB = 0

FAB

FAB

B FCB = 0

4 pies

4 pies
800 lb

FCD

C
CY

FY = 0
AY 800 + CY = 0
Pero: CY = 400 lb
AY 800 + 400 = 0
AY 400 = 0
AY = 400 lb

55

MA = 0
- 800 (4 ) + CY (4 + 4) = 0

- 3200 + CY (8) = 0
CY (8) = 3200

CY =

3200
= 400 lb
8

CY = 400 lb
FX = 0
AX = 0
NUDO C
FY = 0

FCB = 0

FCD

CY FCD = 0
CY

Pero: CY = 400 lb
CY = FCD
FCD = 400 lb (compresin)
FX = 0

F
FAB

FCB = 0

=0

FAE

FCD

3 pies
FAF = 0

A
AX = 0
AY

FAE

FCB = 0

FAB

FAB

B FCB = 0

4 pies

4 pies

FCD

C
CY

800 lb

56

NUDO A
FAF = 0

A
AX = 0

FAE
5

FAE

FAB

FAB

AY

FAE 400 FAB


=
=
5
3
4

FAE A Y FAB
=
=
5
3
4
Pero: AY = 400 lb

AY

FAB

=0

FAE

FCD

3 pies
FAF = 0

A
AX = 0

FAE

FCD

FCB = 0

FAB
4 pies

AY

B FCB = 0

FAB

CY

4 pies
800 lb

Hallar FAE

FAE 400
=
5
3
400(5)
F AE =
3

Hallar FCD

FAB 400
=
4
3
FAB = 533,33 lb (Tensin)

FAE = 666,66 lb (compresin)


Problema 6.8 esttica Hibbeler edic 10
Determine la fuerza en cada miembro de la armadura y establezca si los miembros estn a tensin o en
compresin. Considere P1 = 2 KN y P2 = 1,5 kN.
AY

A
AX

FBA
FBA

Y = 3,464

B
FCB

FBE
FDB

FBE
FDB

EX
CY

FDE

FDE

YF1DB= 1,732
D

3m

FCD

FCB
0

30

FCD
3m

2 KN

1,5 KN

57

ME = 0
- 2 (3) 1,5 (3 + 3) + AX (3,464) = 0

- 6 1,5 (6) + 3,464 AX = 0


- 6 9 + 3,464 AX = 0
- 15 + 3,464 AX = 0
3,464 AX = 15

AX =

tg 30 =

Y
6

Y = 6 tg 30 = 6 (0,5773) = 3,464 m

15
= 4,33 kN
3,464

AX = 500 N

Y
tg 30 = 1
3

NUDO C

Y1 = 3 tg 30 = 3 (0,5773) = 1,732 m
AY

FCB
300

FCD

A
AX

1,5 KN

B
FCB

FCB
FDB

1,5 KN

3,464

Y1 = 1,732

3m

FCD

EX

CY

FCB

FDB

E
FDE

FDE

300

FCD

2 KN

Las ecuaciones de equilibrio para la junta C son:

FCB
F
1,5
=
= CD
3,464 1,732
3
Hallar FCB

FCB
1,5
=
3,464 1,732
1,5 (3,464)
FCB =
= 3 kN
1,732

FCD
1,5 KN

Hallar FCD

F
1,5
= CD
1,732
3
FCD =

1,5 (3)
= 2,598 kN
1,732

FCD = 2,598 kN (compresin)

FCB = 3 kN (tensin)

58

NUDO D

FDB

FDE
AY

FX = 0

FDE
FDB

2 KN

FY = 0

FCD

2 KN

FCD

AX

FDB - 2 = 0

FDE - FCD = 0

FDB = 2 kN (tensin)

FDE = FCD

FCB
FDB

Pero: FCD = 2,598 kN (compresin)


FDE = 2,598 kN (compresin)

EX

CY

FDE

FDE

NUDO B

FCD

FCD

AY

FBA(X)

FCB

FBA

FBA(Y)

FDB

FBA

AX

300
300

FBA

FBE(Y)

CY

FDE

D
2 KN

FBA(Y )
FBA

FCB(Y)

FCB(X)
FDB

FCB

FDB
FDE

FCB

FBE

FDB

300

FBE(X)

FCB

FBE
FBE

1,5 KN

FBE

sen 30 =

300

2 KN

FBA

EX

FCB

FDB

30

FCD

FCD
1,5 KN

Para abreviar los clculos

sen 30 =

3
2

sen 60 =

1
2

FBA (Y) = FBA sen 30

1
FBA(Y ) = FBA
2
59

sen 30 =

FBE(Y )
FBE

cos 30 =

FBA(X )
FBA

FBE (Y) = FBE sen 30

FBA (X) = FBA cos 30

1
FBE(Y ) = FBE
2

FBA(X ) = FBA

sen 30 =

FCB(Y )
FCB

cos 30 =

FCB (Y) = FCB sen 30

cos 30 =

FCB(X )
FCB

FCB (X) = FCB cos 30

FCB(X ) = FCB

FBE(X )
FBE

FBE (X) = FBE cos 30

1
FCB(Y ) = FCB
2

FBE(X ) = FBE

FY = 0
FBA (Y) + FBE (Y) - FCB (Y) - FDB = 0

1
1
1
FBA + FBE - FCB - FDB = 0
2
2
2
Pero:
FDB = 2 kN (tensin)
FCB = 3 kN (tensin)

1
1
FBA + FBE
2
2
1
1
FBA + FBE
2
2
1
1
FBA + FBE
2
2

1
- (3) - 2 = 0
2
1
= (3) + 2
2
= 1,5 + 2 = 3,5

0,5 FBA + 0,5 FBE = 3,5 dividiendo por 0,5 (para simplificar)
FBA + FBE = 7 (Ecuacin 1)
FX = 0
- FBA (X) + FBE (X) + FCB (X) = 0

3
3
3
FBA +
FBE +

2
2 FCB = 0
2

- FBA + FBE + FCB = 0

60

Pero:
FCB = 3 kN (tensin)
- FBA + FBE + 3 = 0
- FBA + FBE = - 3 (- 1)
FBA - FBE = 3

(Ecuacin 2)

Resolver la ecuacin 1 y 2
FBA + FBE = 7 (Ecuacin 1)
FBA - FBE = 3

(Ecuacin 2)

2 FBA = 10

FBA =

10
= 5 kN
2

FBA = 5 kN (tensin)
Reemplazando en la ecuacin 1
FBA + FBE = 7 (Ecuacin 1)
Pero: FBA = 5 kN (tensin)

AX = 500 N

FCB = 3 kN (tensin)

FCD = 2,598 kN (compresin)


FDE = 2,598 kN (compresin)
FDB = 2 kN (tensin)
FBA = 5 kN (tensin)
FBE = 2 kN (compresin)

5 + FBE = 7
FBE = 7 - 5
FBE = 2 kN (compresin)

61

PROBLEMA RESUELTO ESTATICA MERIAM Edic 3.


Calcular, por el mtodo de los nudos, la fuerza en los miembros del entramado en voladizo
B

5m

FBD

FBD
5m

FAB

FBC

FAB

5m

FCD

FBC

FAC

FAC

5m
30 kN

FCE

5m
20 kN

TX

5m
600

60

TY

300

5m

600

EX

A
C
5m
30 kN

E
5m

EY

20 kN

ME = 0

- T (5) + 30 (5 + 5) + 20 (5) = 0

- 5 T + 30 (10) + 20 (5) = 0
- 5 T + 300 + 100 = 0
- 5 T + 400 = 0
5 T = 400

62

T=

400
= 80 N
5

T = 80 N

T
sen 30 = Y
T

T
cos 30 = X
T
TX = T cos 30

TY = T sen 30

Pero: T = 80 N

Pero: T = 80 N

TX = 80 (0,866)

TY = 80 (0,5)

TX = 69,28 N

TY = 40 N

FY = 0

FX = 0

TY + EY - 30 - 20 = 0

TX - EX = 0

TY + EY - 50 = 0

Pero: TX = 69,28 N

Pero: TY = 40 N

TX = EX

40 + EY - 50 = 0

EX = 69,28 N

EY - 10 = 0
EY = 10 KN
A continuacin, dibujamos los diagramas de slido libre que muestren las fuerzas actuantes en cada
nudo. La exactitud de los sentidos asignados a las fuerzas se comprueba al considerar cada nudo en el
orden asignado. No debe haber dudas acerca de la exactitud del sentido asignado a las fuerzas
actuantes en el nudo A. El equilibrio exige
NUDO A

FAB
30 FAC
=
=
5
4,33 2,5

FAB

Hallar FAB

FAB
30
=
5
4,33
FAB =

FAB

FAC

4,33
2,5

30 kN

(30) 5 = 34,64 KN

4,33
FAB = 34,64 kN (tensin)

FAC

30 kN

Se halla FAC

30 FAC
=
4,33 2,5
(30) 2,5 = 17,32 KN
FAC =
4,33
FAC = 17,32 kN (compresion)

63

NUDO B
B
FBD

FBD
FBC

FAB

FBC
FBC (Y)

FAB (Y)
FAB

FBC(Y )
sen 60 =
FBC
FBC(Y) = FBC sen 60

FBC(Y ) = FBC

3
FBC
FBC(Y ) =

sen 60 =

FAB(Y )
FAB

FAB(Y) = FAB sen 60

Para abreviar los clculos

sen 60 =

cos 60 =

3
1
cos 60 =
2
2

FAB(X )
FAB

FAB(X) = FAB cos 60

1
FAB(x ) = FAB
2
1
FAB(x ) = FAB
2

600
FBC (X)

cos 60 =

600
FAB (X)

FBC(X )
FBC

FBC(X) = FBC cos 60

1
FBC(x ) = FBC
2
1
FBC(x ) = FBC
2

FAB(Y ) = FAB

3
FAB
FAB(Y ) =

FY = 0
FBC(Y) - FAB(Y) = 0
FBC(Y) = FAB(Y)

3
3

FBC =

2
2 FAB

FBC = FAB

PERO: FAB = 34,64 kN


FBC = 34,64 kN (compresin)

1
FAB(x ) = FAB
2
64

PERO: FAB = 34,64 kN


1
FAB(x ) = (34,64) = 17,32 KN
2
FAB(x) = 17,32 KN

3
FBC
FBC(x ) =

PERO: FBC = 34,64 kN


1
FBC(x ) = (34,64) = 17,32 KN
2
FBC(x) = 17,32 KN

FX = 0
- FAB(x) - FBC(x) + FBD = 0

PERO:
FAB(x) = 17,32 KN
FBC(x) = 17,32 KN
- FAB(x) - FBC(x) + FBD = 0
-17,32 17,32 + FBD = 0
- 34,64 + FBD = 0
B

FBD = 34,64 KN (tensin)

5m

5m

FCD

FBC

FAC

FAB

FBC

FAB

FED

5m

FBD

FBD

NUDO C

FCD

FCD

FBC

FED
EX

FCE

FAC

FAC

FCE

5m

FCE

5m

EY

20 kN
30 kN

20 kN

FCD (X)

FBC (X)

PERO:
FAC = 17,32 kN (compresion)
FBC = 34,64 kN (compresin)
FBC(x) = 17,32 KN

3
FBC
FBC(Y ) =

3
(34,64) = 30 KN
FBC(Y ) =

FBC(Y) = 30 KN

FBC

FCD

FBC (Y)

FCD(Y)

600

600

FAC

FCE

20 kN

65

cos 60 =

FCD(X )
FCD

FCD(X) = FCD cos 60

1
FCD(x ) = FCD
2
FX = 0
FCD(x) + FBC(x) + FAC FCE = 0

sen 60 =

FCD(Y )
FCD

FCD(Y) = FCD sen 60

FCD(Y ) = FCD

3
FCD
FCD(Y ) =

PERO:
FAC = 17,32 kN (compresin)
FBC(x) = 17,32 KN
FCD(x) + 17,32 + 17,32 FCE = 0
FCD(x) + 34,64 FCE = 0

1
FCD - FCE = - 34,64 (Ecuacin 1)
2
3
FCD
FCD(Y ) =

2
FCD =
FCD(Y )
3
PERO: FCD(Y) = 50 KN
2
FCD =
50 = 57,73 KN
3
FCD = 57,73 kN (Tensin)

FY = 0
- FBC(Y) + FCD(Y) 20 = 0

PERO:
FBC(Y) = 30 KN
- 30 + FCD(Y) 20 = 0
- 50 + FCD(Y) = 0
FCD(Y) = 50 KN

Reemplazar en la ecuacin 1

1
FCD - FCE = - 34,64 (Ecuacin 1)
2
1
57,73 - FCE = - 34,64
2
28,86 FCE = - 34,64
FCE = - 34,64 - 28,86
FCE = - 63,5 (-1)
FCE = 63,5 KN (compresin)

66

NUDO E
B

FED

E
5m

FBC

FAB

FED

5m

FBD

FBD

EX

FCE

5m

FCD

EY

FAB

FCD

FBC

FED

FY = 0

EX

EY - FED (Y) = 0

FAC

FAC

FCE

5m

FED (Y) = EY

PERO:

FCE

5m

EY

20 kN

30 kN

EY = 10 KN
FED (Y) = 10 KN
FED (X)

FED(Y )
sen 60 =
FED

FED

FED (Y) = FED sen 60

FED =

FED (Y)

FED(Y )
10
=
= 11,54 kN
sen 60 0,866

600
EX

FCE

FED = 11,54 KN (compresin)

EY

T = 80 N

EX = 69,28 N

EY = 10 KN

FAB = 34,64 kN (tensin)

FAC = 17,32 kN (compresin)

FBC = 34,64 kN (compresin)

FBD = 34,64 KN (tensin)

FCD = 57,73 kN (Tensin)

FCE = 63,5 KN (compresin)

FED = 11,54 KN (compresin)

67

Problema 4.1 Esttica Meriam edicin tres


Hallar la fuerza en cada miembro de la armadura cargada
B

600N

600N
1,25 m

1,25 m

A
A

AX

AY

B
3m

3m

CY

600N

FBA

FBC

MA = 0
CY (3) 600 (1,25) = 0

3 CY 750 = 0
3 CY = 750

CY =

FBA

AX

FCA

FBC

FCA

CY

AY

750
= 250 N
3

CY = 250 N
MC = 0
AY (3) 600 (1,25) = 0

FX = 0

3 AY 750 = 0

600 AX = 0

3 AY = 750

600 = AX

750
AY =
= 250 N
3

AX = 600 Newton

AY = 250 N
Nudo B
B

600N

FBC

FBA

FBC FBA 600


=
=
3,25 1,25
3
FBC FBA
=
= 200
3,25 1,25

FBA

FBC

FBA

AX

FCA

AY

FBC
1,25

600N

FBA

3,25
3

600N

FBC
FCA

C
CY

Hallar FBC

FBC
= 200
3,25
FBC = 200 (3,25)
FBC = 650 Newton (compresin)

68

Hallar FAB

FBA
= 200
1,25
FAB = 200 (1,25)
FAB = 250 Newton (traccin)
Nudo C
FBC

B
C

FCA

FBC

CY = 250 N

CY

1,25

FBC

3,25
3

FBC C Y FCA
=
=
3,25 1,25
3

600N

FBA

FCA

FBA

AX

FCA

FBC
FCA

AY

C
CY

FBC = 650 Newton (compresin)

650 C Y FCA
=
=
3,25 1,25
3
Hallar FCA

650 FCA
=
3,25
3
(650) 3
FCA =
3,25
FCA = 600 Newton (traccin)

CY = 250 N AX = 600 Newton


AY = 250 N
FAB = 250 Newton (traccin)
FBC = 650 Newton (compresin)
FCA = 600 Newton (traccin)

69

Problema 4.1 Esttica Meriam edicin cinco; Problema 4.2 Esttica Meriam edicin tres
Hallar la fuerza en cada miembro de la armadura simple equiltera
AY
AX A

1,732 m

2m

2m

CX (2) - 735,75 ( 1,732) = 0

W=mxg

m
w = 75 kg 9,81
= 735,75 Newton

2
seg

W = 735,75 Newton

CX (2) = 1274,31

CX =

735,75 N

CX

MA = 0

2m

1274,31
= 637,15 N
2

CX = 637,15 Newton
FX = 0

FY = 0

CX - AX = 0

AY 735,75 = 0

CX = AX

AY = 735,75 Newton

AX = 637,15 Newton
Nudo B

FBA 367,87
=
2
1

FBA

30

367,87 N

FBC
735,75 N

2
1,732

FBA

735,75 N
367,87 N

1,732
1
FBC
2

FBA = 2 X 367,87
FBA = 735,75 Newton

FBC 367,87
=
2
1
FBC = 2 X 367,87
FBC = 735,75 Newton

70

Nudo C

FBC FCA C X
=
=
2
1
1,732
FBC = 735,75 Newton (compresin)

735,75 FCA
=
2
1
735,75
FCA =
2

CX

FBC

FCA

300

CX

FCA
FBC

1,732

FCA = 367,87 Newton (tensin)

Problema 4.3 Esttica Meriam edicin tres


Hallar la fuerza en cada miembro de la armadura cargada. Explicar por que no hace falta saber las
longitudes de los miembros.

2,4 kN

2,4 kN

600

300

600

300

AX
CY

AY

Nudo B
2,4 kN

2,4 kN

FBA

300
2,4 kN

FBA

FBC

FBA (Y)

600

FBA

FBC

FBC (Y)

FBA (X)

FBA(Y )
sen 30 =
FBA

FBC

FBA(Y) = FBA sen 30

1
FBA(Y ) = FBA
2
1
FBA(Y ) = FBA
2

FBC (X)

Para abreviar los clculos

sen 30 =

1
2

sen 60 =

3
2

cos 60 =

1
2

cos 30 =

3
2

71

sen 60 =

FBC(Y )
FBC

cos 30 =

FBC(Y) = FBC sen 60

FBC(Y ) = FBC

3
FBC
FBC(Y ) =

cos 60 =

FBC(X )
FBC

FBC(X) = FBC cos 60

1
FBc(x ) = FBC
2
1
FBc(x ) = FBC
2

FX = 0

FBA(X )
FBA

FBA(X) = FBA cos 30

FBA(x ) = FBA

3
FBA
FBA(x ) =

FBA(X) - FBC(X) = 0

3
1

FBA - FBC = 0 (ECUACIN 1)


2
2

FY = 0
FBA(Y) + FBC(Y) - 2,4 = 0

Resolver las ecuaciones

3
1

2 FBA - 2 FBC = 0 3

3
1
FBC = 2,4
FBA +

2
2

( )

3
1
FBC = 2,4 (ECUACIN 2)
FBA +

2
2

3
FBC = 0
-

2
3
1
FBC = 2,4
FBA +

2
2

3
FBA
2

3
1
FBA + FBA = 2,4
2
2
2 FBA = 2,4

FBA =

2,4
= 1,2 kN
2

FBA = 1,2 kN (compresin)

72

3
1
FBA - FBC = 0 (ECUACIN 1)

2
2

3
1

FBA = FBC
2
2

3 FBA = FBC
FBA = 1,2 kN

3 (1,2 ) = FBC
FBC = 2,078 kN (compresin)
FBC

Nudo C

FCA(X )
cos 60 =
FCA

FBC
0

60

600

FCA

FCA (X) = (cos 60) FCA

CY

FCA

FCA (X)
CY

600

FCA

FX = 0

FCA (Y)

FCA (X) - FBC = 0


(cos 60) FCA - FBC = 0
(cos 60) FCA = FBC

FCA =

FBC 2,078
=
= 1,039 kN
cos 60
0,5

FBA = 1,039 kN (traccin)

73

Problema 4.3 Esttica Meriam edicin cinco


Determine the force in each member of the truss. Note the presence of any zero-force members.

5 kN

AY
Ax

3m

FAB

A
FBC

MA = 0

1m

FCA

FCA

FCD
Dx

DX - 15 = 0

B
FBC

FBC

DX (1) - 5 (3) = 0

FAB

FCD

FBC
C

2m

DX = 15 KN
FX = 0
DX AX = 0

5 kN

AY
Ax

b=3m

DX = AX

FBC
1m

=26,560

c= 5

FBC

a=2 2
D

Dx

2m

C
ley de cosenos

PERO: DX = 15 KN

a2 = b2 + c2 2 b c sen

AX = 15 KN

a 2 = (3)2 +

FY = 0
AY 5 = 0
AY = 5 KN

tg =

2
1

= arc tg (2)
= 63,430

( 5 )2 - 2 (3) ( 5 )sen 26,56

a2 = 9 + 5- 6

( 5 )(0,4471)

a 2 = 14 - 2,68

( 5)

a 2 = 14 - 6 a 2 = 8

a= 8 =2 2

74

+ = 900
= 900 -
= 900 63,43

= 26,560
FAB

NUDO B

FBC(X)

5 kN

FBC
FAB

5 kN

=450

FBC(Y)

FBC

FBC

ley de cosenos
c2 = a2 + b2 2 a b sen

( 5 )2 = (2 2 )2 + (3)2 - 2 (2 2 )(3) sen


5 = 8 + 9 - 12 ( 2 ) sen

= arc tg 0,7071
= 450
cos = cos 45 = 0,7071
sen = sen 45 = 0,7071

5 = 8 + 9 - 16,97 sen

5 = 17 - 16,97 sen

16,97 sen = 17 - 5 = 12
12
sen =
= 0,7071
16,97

FBC(X) = FBC cos 45


Pero:

FBC = 7,071 KN
FBC(X) = FBC cos 45

75

FBC(X) = FBC cos 45

FBC(X )
cos 45 =
FBC
FBC(X) = FBC cos 45

Pero:

FBC = 7,071 KN
FBC(X) = FBC cos 45

FY = 0
FBC(Y) 5 = 0

FBC(X) = (7,071) (0,7071)

FBC(Y) = 5 kN

FBC(X) = 5 kN

FBC(Y )
5
=
= 7,071 kN
sen 45 0,7071
FBC = 7,071 KN

FX = 0
FBC(X) FAB = 0

FBC =

FAB = FBC(X) FAB = 5 kN

NUDO C
5 kN

FCA
FCD

AY

FBC
C

Ax

3m

FAB

A
FBC

1m

FCA(X )
cos 26,56 =
FCA
FCA(X) = FCA cos 26,56

FAB
=450

FCA

FBC

FBC

FCA

FCD
Dx

FCD

FBC
C

2m

FCA(X) = 0,8944 FCA

FBC(X)
FY = 0
FCA(Y) FBC(Y) = 0
FCA(Y) = FBC(Y)

FBC(Y)

FBC
=450

FCD
0

Pero: FBC (Y) = 5 kN

=26,56

FCA

FCA(Y) = 5 kN

sen 26,56 =

FCA(Y )
FCA

FCA(Y)

FCA(X)

76

FCA =

FCA(Y )
5
=
= 11,18 kN
sen 26,56 0,4471

FCA = 11,18 kN (tensin)


FX = 0
- FBC(X) + FCD FCA(X) = 0

Reemplazando la ecuacin 1
FCD 0,8944 FCA = 5 (Ecuacin 1)

Pero: FBC(X) = 5 kN

Pero: FCA = 11,18 kN

- 5 + FCD FCA(X) = 0

FCD 0,8944 (11,18) = 5

FCD FCA(X) = 5

FCD 10 = 5

FCA(X) = 0,8944 FCA

FCD = 5 + 10 = 15 kN

FCD 0,8944 FCA = 5 (Ecuacin 1)

FCD = 15 Kn (compresin)

5 kN

AY

NUDO D
Ax

FAB

FX = 0
DX - FCD = 0
DX = FCD

3m

FBC
1m

Fy = 0

FBC

FBC

FCA

FCD
Dx

=450

FCA

Pero:

FCD = 15 Kn

FAB

FCD

FBC
C

2m

FBC = 0

77

Problema 4.4 Esttica Meriam edicin tres; Problema 4.6 Esttica Meriam edicin cinco;
Hallar la fuerza en cada miembro de la armadura cargada
E

3m

FED

FAE

D
FED

2 kN

FBD

FEB

FCD
FCD

FEB

MC = 0

FAE

- AY (6) + 2 (3) = 0

6 AY = 2 (3)
AY = 1 kN

FAB

AY

FAB

FBC

C
FBC

6m

CX
CY

FX = 0

MA = 0

CX 2 = 0

2 (3) - CY (6) = 0

FBD

CX = 2 kN

2 (3) = CY (6)
CY = 1 kN
Nudo A
FAE

4,24
FAE

CY

FAB

AY

FAB

C Y FAB FAE
=
=
4,24
3
3

Se halla FAB

CY = 1 kN

1 FAB
=
3
3

1 FAB FAE
=
=
4,24
3
3

FAB = 1 kN (tension)

Se halla FAE

1 FAE
=
3 4,24

FAE =

4,24
= 1,41kN
3

FAE = 1,413 Kn (compresin)

78

Nudo E
E

4,24
FED

FAE

FEB

FAE

FED

FEB

FEB FED FAE


=
=
4,24
3
3
FAE = 1,413 kN

FEB FED 1,413


=
=
3
3
4,24

Se halla FEB

Se halla FED

FEB
= 0,3332
3

FED
= 0,3332
3

FEB = 3 (0,3332) = 1 kN
(tensin)

FED = 3 (0,3332) = 1 kN
(compresin)

FEB FED
=
= 0,3332
3
3
Nudo B
FEB

FBC

FBD
4,24

B
FAB

FBD
FBC

3
FBD (Y)

FEB = 1 kn

FBD

FAB = 1 kN

FBD (X)

3
tg = = 1
3

= arc tg (1)
= 450

FY = 0
FEB - FBD(Y) = 0

FBD(Y )
sen =
FBD
FBD(Y )
sen 45 =
FBD

1 = FBD(Y)

FBD (sen 45) = FBD(Y)

1 = FBD (sen 45)

FBD(X )
cos =
FBD
FBD(X )
cos 45 =
FBD

FBD =

FEB = FBD(Y)
FEB = 3 (0,3332) = 1 kN

1
1
=
= 1,414 kN
sen 45 0,7071

FBD = 1,414 kN

79

FBD (X) = FBD (cos 45)

FX = 0

FBD = 1,414 kN

FBC - FBD (X) FAB = 0

FBD (X) = 1,414 (cos 45)

FBC = FBD (X) + FAB

Pero: FAB = 1 kN
Pero: FBD (X) = 1 kN

FBC = 1 + 1
FBD (X) = 1,414 (0,7071)

FBC = 2 kN

FBD (X) = 1 kN
Nudo C
FCD
CX
FCD

FCD - CY = 0

CX - FBC = 0

CX

FBC
CY

FY = 0

FX = 0

CY
FBC

FCD = CY

CX = FBC

CY = 1 kN

FBC = 2 kN
(traccin)

FCD = CY = 1 kN (traccin)

CX = FBC = 2 kN
Problema 4.4 Esttica Meriam edicin cinco
Calculate the forces in members BE and BD of the loaded truss.

8 pulg.

8 pulg.

FBC

FBC

Cx

FEB

FEB
FAB

A
MC = 0

FAE

FAE

FBD

FAB

FED

CY

8 pulg.

FBD
FED

Dx

DY
1000 lb

1000 (8 + 8) - DX (8) = 0

1000 (16) - 8 DX = 0
16000 - 8 DX = 0

80

8 DX = 16000

DX =

16000
= 2000 lb.
8

FX = 0
CX - DX = 0

DX = 2000 lb.
C

CY

CX = DX
CY

PERO: DX = 2000 lb.

CX = 2000 lb.

Cx

Cx

Las ecuaciones de equilibrio para la fuerza C son:

CY CX
=
2
2
Cancelando trminos semejantes
CY = CX
PERO: CX = 2000 lb.
CY = 2000 lb.
8 pulg.

NUDO A

8 pulg.

CY
2

C
Cx

FAB

FAB
FAB

FAE

8 2

8 pulg.
1000 lb
FAB

8
1000 lb

FAE

FAE

FAE

Las ecuaciones de equilibrio son:

FAB 1000 FAE


=
=
8
8
8 2
Cancelando trminos semejantes

FAB
= 1000 = FAE
2

Dx

DY
1000 lb

Hallar FAE

1000 = FAE
FAE = 1000 lb. (Compresin)

81

Hallar FAB

FAB
= 1000
2
FAB = 1000

( 2)

FAB = 1414,21libras (tensin)


8 pulg.

NUDO E

8 pulg.

FBC

CY

FBC

FEB

Cx

FBD

FAB
FEB
FED
FAE

8 pulg.

FEB

FBD

FAB

FY = 0
FEB = 0

FAE

FAE

FED

FED

Dx

D
DY

1000 lb

FX = 0
FAE - FED = 0
FAE = FED

FBD(X)

PERO: FAE = 1000 lb.


FBD(Y)

FED = 1000 lb. (Compresin)


NUDO B

FAB(X)

8 2

8 2
FBD

FAB
8

FAB(Y)
FBC

FBC
FBC

FAB

FBD
FBD
FEB

=0

Las ecuaciones de equilibrio para la junta B son:

FAB FAB(Y ) FAB(X )


=
=
8
8
8 2

FAB

Hallar FAB(X)

FAB
= FAB(X )
2
1414,2
2

= FAB(X )

FAB(X) = 1000 lb.

Cancelando trminos semejantes

FAB
= FAB(Y ) = FAB(X )
2
82

PERO: FAB = 1414,21libras


Hallar FAB(Y)

FAB
= FAB(Y )
2
1414,2
2

= FAB(Y )

FAB(Y) = 1000 lb.


FY = 0
FBD (Y) FAB (Y) = 0

FX = 0
FBC - FBD(X) - FAB(X) = 0
PERO: FAB(X) = 1000 lb.
FBC - FBD(X) = FAB(X)
FBC - FBD(X) = 1000 ECUACION 1

FBD (Y) = FAB (Y)

Pero: FAB (Y) = 1000 lb.


FBD (Y) = 1000 lb.
Las ecuaciones de equilibrio para la junta B son:

FBD FBD(Y ) FBD(X )


=
=
8
8
8 2
Cancelando trminos semejantes

FBD
= FBD(Y ) = FBD(X )
2
Pero: FBD (Y) = 1000 lb.
FBD(Y ) = FBD(X )
FBD (X) = 1000 lb.

FBD
= FBD(Y )
2
Pero: FBD (Y) = 1000 lb.

( 2 ) FBD(Y )
FBD = ( 2 )1000

FBD =

Hallar FBC
FBC - FBD(X) = 1000 ECUACION 1
PERO:
FBD (X) = 1000 lb.
FBC - 1000 = 1000
FBC = 1000 + 1000
FBC = 2000 lb. (traccin)
DX = 2000 lb.
FAB = 1414,21libras (tensin)
FAE = 1000 lb. (Compresin)
FED = 1000 lb. (Compresin)
FEB = 0
FBC = 2000 lb. (traccin)

FBD = 1414,2 libras (compresin)

83

Problema 4.5 Esttica Meriam edicin tres;


Hallar la fuerza en cada miembro de la armadura cargada. Influye la carga de 6 kN en los resultados.
3
4

10 kN

4m

BX = 6 kN

6 kN

4m

3
5

10 kN

4
BY =8 kN

4m

4m

BX = 6 kN

AY

10 kN

BY =8 kN

4m

AX

FAB
FAE
4m F
AE

FCB

FCD

CY

FBE

BX = 6 KN
FED

Hallar BY

4m

BY
=2
4

- 8 (4) + CY (8) - 6 (8) = 0

FX = 0

- 4 + CY - 6 = 0

BX - AX = 0
= 6 KN

CY = 10 KN

BX = 3 (2) = 6 KN

FCD

- BY (4) + CY (4 + 4) - 6 (4 + 4) = 0

CY - 10 = 0

Hallar BX

BX
=2
3

FCB

FBD

FED

MA = 0

6 kN
4m

FAB
FBE

B X 10 B Y
= =
5
4
3

BY = 4 (2) = 6 KN
PERO: BX

BY = 8 KN

BX = AX
AX = 6 KN

84

MC = 0

- AY (4 + 4) + BY (4) = 0

PERO: BY = 8 KN

- AY (8) + 8 (4) = 0
- AY + 4 = 0
AY = 4 kN

AY

NUDO A

sen =

FAE(Y )
FAE

sen =

2 3
3
=
4
2

FAE(Y) = sen FAE

AX

AY

2
4

2m

FAE(X)

FAB
FAE

2 3
FAE(Y)

AX

FAB

1
FAE(X ) = FAE
2

FAB
FBE

4m F
AE

FAE

FAE

3
FAE(Y ) =
FAE
2
FAE(X )
cos =
FAE
2 1
cos = =
4 2
FAE(X) = cos FAE

2m

FX = 0
FAE(X) AX + FAB = 0
PERO: AX = 6 KN

FAE(Y) = sen FAE

FAE(Y ) =

3
FAE
2

FAE(Y )

FY = 0
AY FAE (Y) = 0

FAE(X) + FAB = AX

FAE =

FAE(X) + FAB = 6

PERO:
AY = 4 kN

1
FAE + FAB = 6 (ECUACION 1)
2

PERO: FAE (Y) = 4 Kn

FAE (Y) = AY

FAE =

2
3

(4) = 4,618

kN

FAE = 4,618 KN (tensin)

FAE (Y) = 4 kN

1
FAE + FAB = 6 (ECUACION 1)
2
PERO: FAE = 4,618 KN

85

1
FAE
2
1
FAB = 6 - (4,618) = 6 - 2,309 = 3,691 kN
2
FAB = 3,691 KN (tensin)
FAB = 6 -

BX = 6 kN

NUDO C
AY
6 kN

FCB
FCD

4m

AX

BY =8 kN

10 kN

FAB
FAE

FAB

FCB
FBD

FBE

4m F
AE

FCD

FED
4m

FCB
CY

FBD

FBE
FED

PERO:
CY = 10 kN

4m

CY

FY = 0
CY 6 - FCD (Y) = 0

6 kN

FCD

10 6 - FCD (Y) = 0

FCD(Y )
FCD
FCD (Y) = FCD sen 60
FCD(Y )
4
FCD =
=
= 4,618 kN
sen 60 0,866
sen 60 =

4 - FCD (Y) = 0
FCD (Y) = 4 KN

6 kN

FCB

FX = 0

FCB - FCD(X) = 0

600

FCD (Y)

FCB = FCD(X)
FCB = 2,309 kN (compresin)

FCD
FCD (X)

FCD = 4,618 KN (tensin)


CY = 10 KN

cos 60 =

FCD(x )
FCD

FCD (X) = FCD cos 60


PERO:
FCD = 4,618 KN (tensin)
FCD (X) = 4,618 (0,5) = 2,309 kN

86

NUDO B
FX = 0

6 - FAB - FCB + FBE(X) FBD(X) = 0


PERO:
FAB = 3,691 KN
FCB = 2,309 kN

BX = 6 kN

6 - 3,691 - 2,309 + FBE(X) FBD(X) = 0

BY = 8 kN

FAB

FBE(X) FBD(X) = 0

FBE cos 60 - FBD cos 60 = 0

BX = 6 kN

BY =8 kN

10 kN

FAB

FCB

600

600

FBD

FBE

FCB

FBE (Y)

FBE

FBD
FBD (Y)

0,5 FBE 0,5 FBD = 0 (ECUACION 1)


FBE (X)

FBE(Y )
sen 60 =
FBE
FBE(Y) = FBE sen 60

FY = 0
FBE (Y) + FBD (Y) - 8 = 0
FBE (Y) + FBD (Y) = 8

FBE sen 60 + FBD sen 60 = 8

FBD(Y )
FBD
FBD(Y) = FBD sen 60
sen 60 =

FBE(x )
FBE
FBE(X) = FBE cos 60
cos 60 =

0,866 FBE + 0,866 FBD = 8 (ECUACION 2)

FBD (X)

FBD(x )
FBD
FBD(X) = FBD cos 60
cos 60 =

Resolver las ecuaciones 1 y 2

0,5 FBE 0,5 FBD = 0 (0,866)


0,866 FBE + 0,866 FBD = 8 (0,5)

BX = 6 kN

0,433 FBE 0,433 FBD = 0


0,433 FBE + 0,433 FBD = 4
0,866 FBE = 4
4
FBE =
4,618 KN
0,866
FBE = 4,618 kN (compresion)
NUDO E

AY

10 kN

A
AX

FAB
FAE

FAB

4m

FBD

FCB
FCD

CY

FBD

FBE
FED

6 kN

FCB

FBE

4m F
AE

FED

4m

FBE

FAE

BY =8 kN

FED
4m

FCD

87

FED

FAE(Y )
FAE
FAE(Y) = FAE sen 60

FBE(Y )
FBE
FBE(Y) = FBE sen 60

FAE(x )
FAE
FAE(X) = FAE cos 60

FBE(x )
FBE
FBE(X) = FBE cos 60

sen 60 =

FAE

FAE (Y)

600

FAE (X)

FBE

FBE (Y)

600

FBE (X)

FX = 0

cos 60 =

sen 60 =

cos 60 =

FED - FAE (X) FBE (X) = 0


FED - FAE cos 60 FBE cos 60 = 0
PERO:
FBE = 4,618 kN
FAE = 4,618 KN
FED = FAE cos 60 + FBE cos 60
FED = 4,618 (0,5) + 4,618 (0,5)
FED = 2,309 + 2,309 = 4,618 KN (Tension)
FED = 4,618 KN (Tension)

CY = 10 KN AY = 4 kN AX = 6 KN
FAE = 4,618 KN (tensin)
FAB = 3,691 KN (tensin)
FCD = 4,618 KN (tensin)

FCB = 2,309 kN (compresion)


FBE = 4,618 kN (compresion)
FED = 4,618 KN (Tension)

Problema 4.7 Esttica Meriam edicin tres; Problema 4.12 Esttica Meriam edicin cinco
Calcular las fuerzas en los miembros CG y CF de la armadura representada

ME = 0

4 (2 + 2 + 2) + 2 (2 + 2) DX (3) = 0

4 (6) + 2 (4) DX (3) = 0

FX = 0
DX EX = 0
EX = DX
EX =10,666 KN

24 + 8 3 DX = 0
32 3 DX = 0

88

3 DX = 32

DX =

32
= 10,666 KN
3

NUDO A
FAB

FAB

FAG

2 KN
2m

2m

DX = 10,666 KN

FAG

B FBC FBC C FCD


FBG

FAG

6
6,7

FAB

FAB

FAG

4 KN

4 KN

4 KN

FGF

Las ecuaciones de equilibrio para la junta A son:

FAB FAG 4
=
=
6
6,7
3

FGC

FGF

FCD D
Dx

FCF
FCF

FGC
G

DY

2m

3m

Hallar FAB

CY

FAB FAG 4
=
=
6
6,7
3
FAG 4
=
6,7
3
(6,7 ) 4 = 8,94 KN
FAG =
3

FAB 4
=
3
6
(
4) 6
FAB =
= 8 KN
3
FAB = 8 KN (tensin)

Ex

Hallar FAG

FAG = 8,94 KN (compresion)

NUDO B
2 KN

FAB

2 KN
2m

2m

FBC
A

FAB

FAB

B FBC FBC C

FBG

DY
D
Dx

FBG

FAG
4 KN

2m

FAG

3m

G
F

FX = 0
FBC - FAB = 0

FY = 0

FBG - 2 = 0

CY

Ex

FBC = FAB
PERO: FAB = 8 KN (tensin)

FBG = 2 KN (compresin)

FBC = 8 KN (tensin)

89

NUDO G
2 KN
2m

2m

FBG
FGC
A

FAG

FAB

FAB

B FBC FBC C

4 KN

FGF

FAG

FGF

3
tg = = 0,5
6

= 26,56

FAG(X)

FAG(Y)

FGF(Y )
sen 26,56 =
FGF
FGF(Y) = FGF sen 26,56

sen 26,56 =

FGC(Y )
FGC

FGC

FAG

F
E

FGC(Y)

Ex

CY

26.56
26.560

26.56

FGF
FBG

FGF(Y)

FGF(X)

FGC(Y) = FGC sen 26,56

sen 26,56 =

FGF

3m

FGC(X)

= arc tg (0,5)

FGC

FGC
G

DY
Dx

FBG

FAG
G

2m

FAG(Y )
FAG

FAG(Y) = FAG sen 26,56


FX = 0

FGF(X )
FGF
= FGF cos 26,56

cos 26,56 =
FGF (X)

FGC(X )
FGC
= FGC cos 26,56

cos 26,56 =
FGC (X)

FGC (X) + FAG (X) - FGF (X) = 0


PERO:
FGC (X) = FGC cos 26,56
FGF (X) = FGF cos 26,56

FAG(X )
FAG
= FAG cos 26,56

cos 26,56 =
FAG (X)

FAG (X) = FAG cos 26,56


FAG = 8,94 KN (compresion)
FAG (X) = FAG cos 26,56
FAG (X) = (8,94) cos 26,56
FGC (X) + FAG (X) - FGF (X) = 0
FGC cos 26,56 + (8,94) cos 26,56 - FGF cos 26,56 = 0

90

FGC + 8,94 - FGF = 0


FGC - FGF = - 8,94 (Ecuacin 1)
Resolver las ecuaciones

FY = 0

FGC - FGF = - 8,94 (-0,4471)


0,4471 FGC + 0,4471 FGF = 6

FGC (Y) + FGF (Y) - FAG (Y) - FBG = 0

-0,4471 FGC + 0,4471 FGF = 4


0,4471 FGC + 0,4471 FGF = 6

PERO:
FGC(Y) = FGC sen 26,56
FGF(Y) = FGF sen 26,56
FBG = 2 KN (compresin)

0,4471 FGF + 0,4471 FGF = 4 + 6

FAG(Y) = FAG sen 26,56


FAG = 8,94 KN (compresion)
FAG (Y) = (8,94) sen 26,56
FAG (Y) = (8,94) (0,4471)
FAG (Y) = 4 KN

0,8942 FGF = 10

FGF =

10
= 11,18 KN
0,8942

FGF = 11,18 KN (compresion)

FGC (Y) + FGF (Y)


FGC (Y) + FGF (Y)
FGC (Y) + FGF (Y)
FGC (Y) + FGF (Y)

Reemplazar la ecuacin 1
FGC - FGF = - 8,94 (Ecuacin 1)

0,4471 FGC + 0,4471 FGF = 6


(Ecuacin 2)

Pero: FGF = 11,18 KN


FGC 11,18 = - 8,94
FGC = 11,18 - 8,94
FGC(Y)

26.560

FGC
FGC(X)

NUDO C
FBC

FCD

FBC

FGC = 2,24 KN (tensin)

FCD

FCF
PERO:
FBC = 8 KN
FGC = 2,24 KN

FGC(X )
FGC
= FGC cos 26,56
= (2,24) cos 26,56
= (2,24) 0,8944

FCF
2 KN
2m

2m

FGC

- FAG (Y) - FBG = 0


-4 -2=0
-6=0
=6

FAB

FAB

B FBC FBC C FCD


FBG

FAG
4 KN

2m

FAG

FGC

FGF

FGF

FCD D
Dx

FCF
FCF

FGC

DY

3m

cos 26,56 =

FGC (X)
FGC (X)
FGC (X)

CY

Ex

91

FGC (X) = 2 KN
FX = 0

sen 26,56 =

FCD - FBC - FGC (X) = 0

FGC (Y)
FGC (Y)
FGC (Y)
FGC (Y)

PERO:
FBC = 8 KN
FGC (X) = 2 KN

FGC(Y )
FGC

FY = 0

= FGC sen 26,56


= (2,24) sen 26,56
= (2,24) 0,4471
= 1 KN

FCF - FGC (Y) = 0


FCF = FGC (Y)
PERO:
FGC (Y) = 1 KN

FCD - FBC - FGC (X) = 0


FCD - 8 - 2 = 0
FCD - 10 = 0
FCD = 10 kN (tensin)

FCF = 1 KN (compresin)

Determinar la fuerza que soporta el elemento KN de la armadura.


1m

0,7 m

0,7 m

0,7 m

0,7 m

700 N

700 N

1200 N

0,5 m

0,5 m

C
D

700 N

2,5 m

92

NUDO Q
1200 N

FQN

0,7 m

0,7 m

K
FX = 0

Q
FQN

FQP

FQN

1200 N

FQP

0,5 m

FQP

1200 - FQN = 0

700 N

700 N

0,5 m

FQN = 1200 N (tension)


FY = 0

FQP = 0
700 N

NUDO O

0,7 m

0,7 m

FOP

Q
FQN

FQN

0,5 m

FX = 0

FOL

M
700 N

P
FOP

0,5 m

FOP

FY = 0
L

FOP - 700 = 0
FOP = 700

FQP
FQP

=0

FOL = 0

1200 N

N (tensin)

FOL

FOL

700 N

700 N

700 N

NUDO P
0,7 m

0,7 m
FPN(X)
0,86

FPN(Y) 0,5

FPL(Y)

0,5
sen =
= 0,581
0,86
cos =

0,7
= 0,813
0,86

cos =

FPN(X )
= 0,813
FPN

FQP
FPN

0,7

=0

FPN

0,5 m

FPL(X)

= 700 N

I
700 N

FOL

700 N

FOP
FOP

FPL
FOP

FQP

FPL

0,5 m

1200 N

FQP

FPN

0,5
0,7

Q
FQN

0,86
FPL

N FQN

FOL

700 N

93

FPN(X) = 0,813 FPN

FPN(Y )
= 0,581
FPN
= 0,581 FPN

sen =
FPN(Y)

FX = 0
FPL(X) - FPN(X) = 0

FPL(X)

0,813 FPL - 0,813 FPN = 0

FPL(Y )
= 0,581
FPL
= 0,581 FPL

sen =

cancelando trminos semejantes


FPL - FPN = 0 (ECUACION 1)

FPL(X )
= 0,813
FPL
= 0,813 FPL

cos =

FPL(Y)

FY = 0
FQP + FPN(Y) + FPL(Y) - FOP = 0
PERO:
FQP = 0 KN
FOP = 700 KN
FPN(Y) - FPL(Y) - 700 = 0
FPN(Y) - FPL(Y) = 700
0,581 FPN + 0,581 FPL = 700 (ECUACION 2)
Resolver las ecuaciones
FPL - FPN = 0 (ECUACION 1)
0,581 FPN + 0,581 FPL = 700 (ECUACION 2)
FPL - FPN = 0 (0,581)
0,581 FPN + 0,581 FPL = 700
0,581 FPL 0,581 FPN = 0
0,581 FPN + 0,581 FPL = 700
(2) 0,581 FPL = 700
1,162 FPL = 700

FPL =

700
= 602,4 N
1,162

94

FPL = 602,4 N (compresin)


FPL = FPN (ECUACION 1)
FPN = 602,4 N (tensin)

0,7 m

0,7 m

NUDO N
Pero: FPN = 602,4 N (tensin)

FNK

N FQN

FNK

FPN FQN

FNM

0,5 m

FNM

0,5
sen =
= 0,581
0,86

cos =
FPN(X)

FPN(X) = 0,813 (602,4)


FPN(X) = 489,75 N

sen =

FPN(X)

FPN(Y) 0,5

700 N

FOL

700 N

FOP
FOP

FPL

FQP

FPL

0,7
cos =
= 0,813
0,86

1200 N

FQP

FPN

0,5 m

FPN (X )
= 0,813
FPN
= 0,813 FPN

FOL

700 N

0,86
FPN

0,7

FQN

= 1200 N

FNK

FPN (Y )
= 0,581
FPN

FY = 0
FNM

FPN(Y) = 0,581 FPN


FPN(Y) = 0,581 (602,4)

FNM - FPN(Y) = 0
PERO:
FPN(Y) = 350 N

FPN(Y) = 350 N

FNM = FPN(Y)

FX = 0
FQN + FPN(X) FNK = 0

FNM = 350 N (compresin)

Pero:
FQN = 1200 N
FPN(X) = 489,75 N

FQN = 1200 N (tensin)

FQP = 0

FQN + FPN(X) FNK = 0

FOP = 700

FOL = 0

1200 + 489,75 - FNK = 0

FPL = 602,4 N (compresin)

1689,75 - FNK = 0

FNK = 1689,75 N (tensin) FNM = 350 N (compresin)

N (tensin)

FPN = 602,4 N (tensin)

FNK = 1689,75 N (tensin)

95

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