sql26 04 14

SQL> show user
USER is "SHUBHAM"
SQL> desc user_constraints
Name
----------------------------------------OWNER
CONSTRAINT_NAME
CONSTRAINT_TYPE
TABLE_NAME
SEARCH_CONDITION
R_OWNER
R_CONSTRAINT_NAME
DELETE_RULE
STATUS
DEFERRABLE
DEFERRED
VALIDATED
GENERATED
BAD
RELY
LAST_CHANGE
INDEX_OWNER
INDEX_NAME
INVALID
VIEW_RELATED
SQL> desc user_cons_columns;
Name
----------------------------------------OWNER
CONSTRAINT_NAME
TABLE_NAME
COLUMN_NAME
POSITION
SQL> delete emp;
14 rows deleted.
SQL> savepoint s1
2 ;
Savepoint created.
SQL> delete dept;
4 rows deleted.
SQL> select * from dept;
no rows selected
SQL> select * from emp;
no rows selected
SQL> rollback to s1;
Rollback complete.
Null?
-------NOT NULL
NOT NULL
Type
---------------------------VARCHAR2(30)
VARCHAR2(30)
VARCHAR2(1)
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
LONG
VARCHAR2(30)
VARCHAR2(30)
VARCHAR2(9)
VARCHAR2(8)
VARCHAR2(14)
VARCHAR2(9)
VARCHAR2(13)
VARCHAR2(14)
VARCHAR2(3)
VARCHAR2(4)
DATE
VARCHAR2(30)
VARCHAR2(30)
VARCHAR2(7)
VARCHAR2(14)
Null?
-------NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
Type
---------------------------VARCHAR2(30)
VARCHAR2(30)
VARCHAR2(30)
VARCHAR2(4000)
NUMBER
SQL> select * from dept;

DEPTNO
---------10
20
30
40
DNAME
-------------ACCOUNTING
RESEARCH
SALES
OPERATIONS
LOC
------------NEW YORK
DALLAS
CHICAGO
BOSTON

no rows selected
SQL> rollback;
Rollback complete.
EMPNO ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------DEPTNO
---------7369 SMITH
CLERK
7902 17-DEC-80
800
20
7499 ALLEN
30
SALESMAN
7698 20-FEB-81
1600
300
7521 WARD
30
SALESMAN
7698 22-FEB-81
1250
500
EMPNO ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------DEPTNO
---------7566 JONES
MANAGER
7839 02-APR-81
2975
20
7654 MARTIN
30
SALESMAN
7698 28-SEP-81
1250
7698 BLAKE
30
MANAGER
7839 01-MAY-81
2850
1400
EMPNO ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------DEPTNO
---------7782 CLARK
MANAGER
7839 09-JUN-81
2450
10
7788 SCOTT
20
ANALYST
7839 KING
10
PRESIDENT
7566 09-DEC-82
3000
17-NOV-81
5000
EMPNO ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------DEPTNO
---------7844 TURNER
SALESMAN
7698 08-SEP-81
1500
0
30
7876 ADAMS
20
CLERK
7788 12-JAN-83
1100
7900 JAMES
30
CLERK
7698 03-DEC-81
950
EMPNO ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------DEPTNO
---------7902 FORD
ANALYST
7566 03-DEC-81
3000
20
7934 MILLER
10
CLERK
7782 23-JAN-82
1300
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
14 rows selected.
SQL> set lines 100
SQL> /
EMPNO
EPTNO
-------------7369
20
7499
30
7521
30
7566
20
7654
30
7698
30
7782
10
7788
20
7839
10
7844
30
7876
20
ENAME
JOB
COMM
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SMITH
CLERK
7902 17-DEC-80
800
ALLEN
SALESMAN
7698 20-FEB-81
1600
300
WARD
SALESMAN
7698 22-FEB-81
1250
500
JONES
MANAGER
7839 02-APR-81
2975
MARTIN
SALESMAN
7698 28-SEP-81
1250
BLAKE
MANAGER
7839 01-MAY-81
2850
CLARK
MANAGER
7839 09-JUN-81
2450
SCOTT
ANALYST
7566 09-DEC-82
3000
KING
PRESIDENT
17-NOV-81
5000
TURNER
SALESMAN
7698 08-SEP-81
1500
ADAMS
CLERK
7788 12-JAN-83
1100
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
EMPNO ENAME
JOB
1400
COMM
EPTNO
-------------7900
30
7902
20
7934
10
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----JAMES
CLERK
7698 03-DEC-81
950
FORD
ANALYST
7566 03-DEC-81
3000
MILLER
CLERK
7782 23-JAN-82
1300
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
14 rows selected.
SQL> set page 400
SP2-0158: unknown SET option "page"
SQL> /
EMPNO
EPTNO
-------------7369
20
7499
30
7521
30
7566
20
7654
30
7698
30
7782
10
7788
20
7839
10
7844
30
7876
20
ENAME
EMPNO
EPTNO
-------------7900
30
7902
20
7934
10
JOB
COMM
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SMITH
CLERK
7902 17-DEC-80
800
ALLEN
SALESMAN
7698 20-FEB-81
1600
300
WARD
SALESMAN
7698 22-FEB-81
1250
500
JONES
MANAGER
7839 02-APR-81
2975
MARTIN
SALESMAN
7698 28-SEP-81
1250
BLAKE
MANAGER
7839 01-MAY-81
2850
CLARK
MANAGER
7839 09-JUN-81
2450
SCOTT
ANALYST
7566 09-DEC-82
3000
KING
PRESIDENT
17-NOV-81
5000
TURNER
SALESMAN
7698 08-SEP-81
1500
ADAMS
CLERK
7788 12-JAN-83
1100
ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
1400
COMM
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----JAMES
CLERK
7698 03-DEC-81
950
FORD
ANALYST
7566 03-DEC-81
3000
MILLER
CLERK
7782 23-JAN-82
1300
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
14 rows selected.
SQL> set pagesize 400
SQL> /
EMPNO ENAME
JOB
COMM
EPTNO
-------------7369
20
7499
30
7521
30
7566
20
7654
30
7698
30
7782
10
7788
20
7839
10
7844
30
7876
20
7900
30
7902
20
7934
10
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SMITH
CLERK
7902 17-DEC-80
800
ALLEN
SALESMAN
7698 20-FEB-81
1600
300
WARD
SALESMAN
7698 22-FEB-81
1250
500
JONES
MANAGER
7839 02-APR-81
2975
MARTIN
SALESMAN
7698 28-SEP-81
1250
BLAKE
MANAGER
7839 01-MAY-81
2850
CLARK
MANAGER
7839 09-JUN-81
2450
SCOTT
ANALYST
7566 09-DEC-82
3000
KING
PRESIDENT
17-NOV-81
5000
TURNER
SALESMAN
7698 08-SEP-81
1500
ADAMS
CLERK
7788 12-JAN-83
1100
JAMES
CLERK
7698 03-DEC-81
950
FORD
ANALYST
7566 03-DEC-81
3000
MILLER
CLERK
7782 23-JAN-82
1300
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
1400
14 rows selected.
SQL> select * from emp
2 where deptno=10;
EMPNO
EPTNO
-------------7782
10
7839
10
7934
10
ENAME
JOB
COMM
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----CLARK
MANAGER
KING
PRESIDENT
MILLER
CLERK
7839 09-JUN-81
2450
17-NOV-81
5000
7782 23-JAN-82
1300
SQL> select * from emp where deptno=10 or deptno=20;

EMPNO
EPTNO
-------------7369
20
7566
20
7782
ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SMITH
CLERK
7902 17-DEC-80
800
JONES
MANAGER
7839 02-APR-81
2975
CLARK
MANAGER
7839 09-JUN-81
2450
10
7788 SCOTT
ANALYST
7566 09-DEC-82
3000
7839 KING
PRESIDENT
17-NOV-81
5000
7876 ADAMS
CLERK
7788 12-JAN-83
1100
7902 FORD
ANALYST
7566 03-DEC-81
3000
7934 MILLER
CLERK
7782 23-JAN-82
1300
20
10
20
20
10
8 rows selected.
SQL> select * from emp where deptno in(10,30);
EMPNO
EPTNO
-------------7499
30
7521
30
7654
30
7698
30
7782
10
7839
10
7844
30
7900
30
7934
10
ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----ALLEN
SALESMAN
7698 20-FEB-81
1600
300
WARD
SALESMAN
7698 22-FEB-81
1250
500
MARTIN
SALESMAN
7698 28-SEP-81
1250
1400
BLAKE
MANAGER
7839 01-MAY-81
2850
CLARK
MANAGER
7839 09-JUN-81
2450
KING
PRESIDENT
17-NOV-81
5000
TURNER
SALESMAN
7698 08-SEP-81
1500
JAMES
CLERK
7698 03-DEC-81
950
MILLER
CLERK
7782 23-JAN-82
1300
9 rows selected.
SQL> select * from emp where deptno=10 and deptno=20;
no rows selected
SQL> select * from emp where job in(clerk,manager);
select * from emp where job in(clerk,manager)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "MANAGER": invalid identifier
SQL> select * from emp where job in('CLERK','MANAGER');
EMPNO ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
D
EPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- --------7369 SMITH
CLERK
7902 17-DEC-80
800
20
7566 JONES
MANAGER
7839 02-APR-81
2975
7698 BLAKE
MANAGER
7839 01-MAY-81
2850
7782 CLARK
MANAGER
7839 09-JUN-81
2450
7876 ADAMS
CLERK
7788 12-JAN-83
1100
7900 JAMES
CLERK
7698 03-DEC-81
950
7934 MILLER
CLERK
7782 23-JAN-82
1300
20
30
10
20
30
10
7 rows selected.
SQL> select * from emp where sal>=1500;
EMPNO
EPTNO
-------------7499
30
7566
20
7698
30
7782
10
7788
20
7839
10
7844
30
7902
20
ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----ALLEN
SALESMAN
7698 20-FEB-81
1600
JONES
MANAGER
7839 02-APR-81
2975
BLAKE
MANAGER
7839 01-MAY-81
2850
CLARK
MANAGER
7839 09-JUN-81
2450
SCOTT
ANALYST
7566 09-DEC-82
3000
KING
PRESIDENT
17-NOV-81
5000
TURNER
SALESMAN
7698 08-SEP-81
1500
FORD
ANALYST
7566 03-DEC-81
3000
300
8 rows selected.
SQL> select * from emp where sal<=1500;
EMPNO
EPTNO
-------------7369
20
7521
30
7654
30
7844
30
7876
20
7900
30
7934
ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SMITH
CLERK
7902 17-DEC-80
800
WARD
SALESMAN
7698 22-FEB-81
1250
500
MARTIN
SALESMAN
7698 28-SEP-81
1250
1400
TURNER
SALESMAN
7698 08-SEP-81
1500
ADAMS
CLERK
7788 12-JAN-83
1100
JAMES
CLERK
7698 03-DEC-81
950
MILLER
CLERK
7782 23-JAN-82
1300
10
7 rows selected.
SQL> select * from emp where sal<1500;
EMPNO
EPTNO
-------------7369
20
7521
30
7654
30
7876
20
7900
30
7934
10
ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SMITH
CLERK
7902 17-DEC-80
800
WARD
SALESMAN
7698 22-FEB-81
1250
500
MARTIN
SALESMAN
7698 28-SEP-81
1250
1400
ADAMS
CLERK
7788 12-JAN-83
1100
JAMES
CLERK
7698 03-DEC-81
950
MILLER
CLERK
7782 23-JAN-82
1300
6 rows selected.
SQL> select * from emp where sal<>1500;
EMPNO
EPTNO
-------------7369
20
7499
30
7521
30
7566
20
7654
30
7698
30
7782
10
7788
20
7839
10
7876
20
7900
30
7902
20
7934
10
ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SMITH
CLERK
7902 17-DEC-80
800
ALLEN
SALESMAN
7698 20-FEB-81
1600
300
WARD
SALESMAN
7698 22-FEB-81
1250
500
JONES
MANAGER
7839 02-APR-81
2975
MARTIN
SALESMAN
7698 28-SEP-81
1250
BLAKE
MANAGER
7839 01-MAY-81
2850
CLARK
MANAGER
7839 09-JUN-81
2450
SCOTT
ANALYST
7566 09-DEC-82
3000
KING
PRESIDENT
17-NOV-81
5000
ADAMS
CLERK
7788 12-JAN-83
1100
JAMES
CLERK
7698 03-DEC-81
950
FORD
ANALYST
7566 03-DEC-81
3000
MILLER
CLERK
7782 23-JAN-82
1300
13 rows selected.
1400
SQL> select * from emp where sal>=1500 and sal<=2450;

EMPNO
EPTNO
-------------7499
30
7782
10
7844
30
ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----ALLEN
SALESMAN
7698 20-FEB-81
1600
300
CLARK
MANAGER
7839 09-JUN-81
2450
TURNER
SALESMAN
7698 08-SEP-81
1500
SAL
COMM
SQL>
SQL> select * from emp where sal<1500 and sal>2450;
no rows selected
SQL> select * from emp where sal<1500 or sal>2450;
EMPNO
EPTNO
-------------7369
20
7521
30
7566
20
7654
30
7698
30
7788
20
7839
10
7876
20
7900
30
7902
20
7934
10
ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SMITH
CLERK
7902 17-DEC-80
800
WARD
SALESMAN
7698 22-FEB-81
1250
JONES
MANAGER
7839 02-APR-81
2975
MARTIN
SALESMAN
7698 28-SEP-81
1250
BLAKE
MANAGER
7839 01-MAY-81
2850
SCOTT
ANALYST
7566 09-DEC-82
3000
KING
PRESIDENT
17-NOV-81
5000
ADAMS
CLERK
7788 12-JAN-83
1100
JAMES
CLERK
7698 03-DEC-81
950
FORD
ANALYST
7566 03-DEC-81
3000
MILLER
CLERK
7782 23-JAN-82
1300
500
1400
11 rows selected.
SQL> select * from emp where sal between 1500 and 2450;
EMPNO
EPTNO
-------------7499
30
7782
ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----ALLEN
SALESMAN
7698 20-FEB-81
1600
CLARK
MANAGER
7839 09-JUN-81
2450
300
10
7844 TURNER
SALESMAN
7698 08-SEP-81
1500
30
SQL> select * from emp where sal not between 1500 and 2450;
EMPNO
EPTNO
-------------7369
20
7521
30
7566
20
7654
30
7698
30
7788
20
7839
10
7876
20
7900
30
7902
20
7934
10
ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SMITH
CLERK
7902 17-DEC-80
800
WARD
SALESMAN
7698 22-FEB-81
1250
JONES
MANAGER
7839 02-APR-81
2975
MARTIN
SALESMAN
7698 28-SEP-81
1250
BLAKE
MANAGER
7839 01-MAY-81
2850
SCOTT
ANALYST
7566 09-DEC-82
3000
KING
PRESIDENT
17-NOV-81
5000
ADAMS
CLERK
7788 12-JAN-83
1100
JAMES
CLERK
7698 03-DEC-81
950
FORD
ANALYST
7566 03-DEC-81
3000
MILLER
CLERK
7782 23-JAN-82
1300
500
1400
11 rows selected.
SQL> select * from emp where sal<1500;
EMPNO
EPTNO
-------------7369
20
7521
30
7654
30
7876
20
7900
30
7934
10
ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SMITH
CLERK
7902 17-DEC-80
800
WARD
SALESMAN
7698 22-FEB-81
1250
500
MARTIN
SALESMAN
7698 28-SEP-81
1250
1400
ADAMS
CLERK
7788 12-JAN-83
1100
JAMES
CLERK
7698 03-DEC-81
950
MILLER
CLERK
7782 23-JAN-82
1300
6 rows selected.
SQL> select * from emp where comm=null;
no rows selected
SQL> select * from emp where comm!=null;

no rows selected
SQL> select * from emp where comm is null;
EMPNO
EPTNO
-------------7369
20
7566
20
7698
30
7782
10
7788
20
7839
10
7876
20
7900
30
7902
20
7934
10
ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SMITH
CLERK
7902 17-DEC-80
800
JONES
MANAGER
7839 02-APR-81
2975
BLAKE
MANAGER
7839 01-MAY-81
2850
CLARK
MANAGER
7839 09-JUN-81
2450
SCOTT
ANALYST
7566 09-DEC-82
3000
KING
PRESIDENT
17-NOV-81
5000
ADAMS
CLERK
7788 12-JAN-83
1100
JAMES
CLERK
7698 03-DEC-81
950
FORD
ANALYST
7566 03-DEC-81
3000
MILLER
CLERK
7782 23-JAN-82
1300
10 rows selected.
SQL> select * from emp where comm is not null;
EMPNO
EPTNO
-------------7499
30
7521
30
7654
30
7844
30
ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----ALLEN
SALESMAN
7698 20-FEB-81
1600
300
WARD
SALESMAN
7698 22-FEB-81
1250
500
MARTIN
SALESMAN
7698 28-SEP-81
1250
1400
TURNER
SALESMAN
7698 08-SEP-81
1500
SAL
COMM
SQL> select * from emp where comm is not null and comm!=0;
EMPNO
EPTNO
-------------7499
30
7521
30
7654
ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----ALLEN
SALESMAN
7698 20-FEB-81
1600
300
WARD
SALESMAN
7698 22-FEB-81
1250
500
MARTIN
SALESMAN
7698 28-SEP-81
1250
1400
30
SQL> select * from emp where comm is null and comm!=0;

no rows selected
SQL> select * from emp where comm is null or comm=0;
EMPNO
EPTNO
-------------7369
20
7566
20
7698
30
7782
10
7788
20
7839
10
7844
30
7876
20
7900
30
7902
20
7934
10
ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
COMM
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SMITH
CLERK
7902 17-DEC-80
800
JONES
MANAGER
7839 02-APR-81
2975
BLAKE
MANAGER
7839 01-MAY-81
2850
CLARK
MANAGER
7839 09-JUN-81
2450
SCOTT
ANALYST
7566 09-DEC-82
3000
KING
PRESIDENT
17-NOV-81
5000
TURNER
SALESMAN
7698 08-SEP-81
1500
ADAMS
CLERK
7788 12-JAN-83
1100
JAMES
CLERK
7698 03-DEC-81
950
FORD
ANALYST
7566 03-DEC-81
3000
MILLER
CLERK
7782 23-JAN-82
1300
11 rows selected.
SQL> select * from emp where comm is null and comm!=0;
no rows selected
SQL> select * from emp where comm is null and comm=0;
no rows selected
SQL> select empno,ename,sal,comm,sal+comm from emp;
EMPNO
---------7369
7499
7521
7566
7654
7698
7782
7788
7839
SAL
ENAME
SAL
COMM SAL+COMM
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------SMITH
800
ALLEN
1600
300
1900
WARD
1250
500
1750
JONES
2975
MARTIN
1250
1400
2650
BLAKE
2850
CLARK
2450
SCOTT
3000
KING
5000
7844
7876
7900
7902
7934
TURNER
ADAMS
JAMES
FORD
MILLER
1500
1100
950
3000
1300
1500
14 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select empno,ename,sal,comm,sal+nvl(comm,0) from emp;
EMPNO
---------7369
7499
7521
7566
7654
7698
7782
7788
7839
7844
7876
7900
7902
7934
ENAME
SAL
COMM SAL+NVL(COMM,0)
---------- ---------- ---------- --------------SMITH
800
800
ALLEN
1600
300
1900
WARD
1250
500
1750
JONES
2975
2975
MARTIN
1250
1400
2650
BLAKE
2850
2850
CLARK
2450
2450
SCOTT
3000
3000
KING
5000
5000
TURNER
1500
0
1500
ADAMS
1100
1100
JAMES
950
950
FORD
3000
3000
MILLER
1300
1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> select empno,ename,sal,comm,sal+nvl(comm,0) as total_sal from emp;
EMPNO
---------7369
7499
7521
7566
7654
7698
7782
7788
7839
7844
7876
7900
7902
7934
ENAME
SAL
COMM TOTAL_SAL
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------SMITH
800
800
ALLEN
1600
300
1900
WARD
1250
500
1750
JONES
2975
2975
MARTIN
1250
1400
2650
BLAKE
2850
2850
CLARK
2450
2450
SCOTT
3000
3000
KING
5000
5000
TURNER
1500
0
1500
ADAMS
1100
1100
JAMES
950
950
FORD
3000
3000
MILLER
1300
1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> select empno,ename,sal,comm,sal+nvl(comm,0) total_sal from emp;
EMPNO
---------7369
7499
7521
7566
ENAME
SAL
COMM TOTAL_SAL
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------SMITH
800
800
ALLEN
1600
300
1900
WARD
1250
500
1750
JONES
2975
2975
7654
7698
7782
7788
7839
7844
7876
7900
7902
7934
MARTIN
BLAKE
CLARK
SCOTT
KING
TURNER
ADAMS
JAMES
FORD
MILLER
1250
2850
2450
3000
5000
1500
1100
950
3000
1300
1400
2650
2850
2450
3000
5000
1500
1100
950
3000
1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> select empno,ename,sal,comm,sal+nvl(comm,0) "toTAl salARY" FROM emp;
EMPNO
---------7369
7499
7521
7566
7654
7698
7782
7788
7839
7844
7876
7900
7902
7934
ENAME
SAL
COMM toTAl salARY
---------- ---------- ---------- -----------SMITH
800
800
ALLEN
1600
300
1900
WARD
1250
500
1750
JONES
2975
2975
MARTIN
1250
1400
2650
BLAKE
2850
2850
CLARK
2450
2450
SCOTT
3000
3000
KING
5000
5000
TURNER
1500
0
1500
ADAMS
1100
1100
JAMES
950
950
FORD
3000
3000
MILLER
1300
1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> select empno,ename,sal,comm,sal+nvl(comm,0),deptno from emp;
EMPNO
---------7369
7499
7521
7566
7654
7698
7782
7788
7839
7844
7876
7900
7902
7934
ENAME
SAL
DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ---------- --------------- ---------SMITH
800
800
20
ALLEN
1600
300
1900
30
WARD
1250
500
1750
30
JONES
2975
2975
20
MARTIN
1250
1400
2650
30
BLAKE
2850
2850
30
CLARK
2450
2450
10
SCOTT
3000
3000
20
KING
5000
5000
10
TURNER
1500
0
1500
30
ADAMS
1100
1100
20
JAMES
950
950
30
FORD
3000
3000
20
MILLER
1300
1300
10
14 rows selected.
SQL> select empno,ename,sal,comm,sal+nvl(comm,0),deptno from emp order by deptno
;
EMPNO ENAME
SAL
DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------------- ----------
7782
7839
7934
7566
7902
7876
7369
7788
7521
7844
7499
7900
7698
7654
CLARK
KING
MILLER
JONES
FORD
ADAMS
SMITH
SCOTT
WARD
TURNER
ALLEN
JAMES
BLAKE
MARTIN
2450
5000
1300
2975
3000
1100
800
3000
1250
1500
1600
950
2850
1250
500
0
300
1400
2450
5000
1300
2975
3000
1100
800
3000
1750
1500
1900
950
2850
2650
10
10
10
20
20
20
20
20
30
30
30
30
30
30
14 rows selected.
desc;
EMPNO
---------7698
7844
7499
7654
7521
7900
7788
7566
7369
7876
7902
7839
7934
7782
ENAME
SAL
DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ---------- --------------- ---------BLAKE
2850
2850
30
TURNER
1500
0
1500
30
ALLEN
1600
300
1900
30
MARTIN
1250
1400
2650
30
WARD
1250
500
1750
30
JAMES
950
950
30
SCOTT
3000
3000
20
JONES
2975
2975
20
SMITH
800
800
20
ADAMS
1100
1100
20
FORD
3000
3000
20
KING
5000
5000
10
MILLER
1300
1300
10
CLARK
2450
2450
10
14 rows selected.
,sal;
EMPNO
---------7934
7782
7839
7369
7876
7566
7788
7902
7900
7654
7521
7844
7499
7698
ENAME
SAL
DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ---------- --------------- ---------MILLER
1300
1300
10
CLARK
2450
2450
10
KING
5000
5000
10
SMITH
800
800
20
ADAMS
1100
1100
20
JONES
2975
2975
20
SCOTT
3000
3000
20
FORD
3000
3000
20
JAMES
950
950
30
MARTIN
1250
1400
2650
30
WARD
1250
500
1750
30
TURNER
1500
0
1500
30
ALLEN
1600
300
1900
30
BLAKE
2850
2850
30
14 rows selected.

desc sal;
select empno,ename,sal,comm,sal+nvl(comm,0),deptno from emp order by deptno desc
sal
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended
desc,sal;
EMPNO
---------7900
7521
7654
7844
7499
7698
7369
7876
7566
7788
7902
7934
7782
7839
ENAME
SAL
DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ---------- --------------- ---------JAMES
950
950
30
WARD
1250
500
1750
30
MARTIN
1250
1400
2650
30
TURNER
1500
0
1500
30
ALLEN
1600
300
1900
30
BLAKE
2850
2850
30
SMITH
800
800
20
ADAMS
1100
1100
20
JONES
2975
2975
20
SCOTT
3000
3000
20
FORD
3000
3000
20
MILLER
1300
1300
10
CLARK
2450
2450
10
KING
5000
5000
10
14 rows selected.
SQL> select empno,ename,sal,comm,sal+nvl(comm,0),deptno from emp order by deptn
o desc,sal desc;
EMPNO
---------7698
7499
7844
7521
7654
7900
7902
7788
7566
7876
7369
7839
7782
7934
ENAME
SAL
DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ---------- --------------- ---------BLAKE
2850
2850
30
ALLEN
1600
300
1900
30
TURNER
1500
0
1500
30
WARD
1250
500
1750
30
MARTIN
1250
1400
2650
30
JAMES
950
950
30
FORD
3000
3000
20
SCOTT
3000
3000
20
JONES
2975
2975
20
ADAMS
1100
1100
20
SMITH
800
800
20
KING
5000
5000
10
CLARK
2450
2450
10
MILLER
1300
1300
10
14 rows selected.
SQL>
desc,sal;
EMPNO
---------7900
7521
7654
7844
7499
7698
7369
7876
7566
7788
7902
7934
7782
7839
ENAME
SAL
DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ---------- --------------- ---------JAMES
950
950
30
WARD
1250
500
1750
30
MARTIN
1250
1400
2650
30
TURNER
1500
0
1500
30
ALLEN
1600
300
1900
30
BLAKE
2850
2850
30
SMITH
800
800
20
ADAMS
1100
1100
20
JONES
2975
2975
20
SCOTT
3000
3000
20
FORD
3000
3000
20
MILLER
1300
1300
10
CLARK
2450
2450
10
KING
5000
5000
10
14 rows selected.
SQL> select empno,ename,sal,comm,sal+nvl(comm,0),deptno from emp order by deptn
o desc,sal desc;
EMPNO
---------7698
7499
7844
7521
7654
7900
7902
7788
7566
7876
7369
7839
7782
7934
ENAME
SAL
DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ---------- --------------- ---------BLAKE
2850
2850
30
ALLEN
1600
300
1900
30
TURNER
1500
0
1500
30
WARD
1250
500
1750
30
MARTIN
1250
1400
2650
30
JAMES
950
950
30
FORD
3000
3000
20
SCOTT
3000
3000
20
JONES
2975
2975
20
ADAMS
1100
1100
20
SMITH
800
800
20
KING
5000
5000
10
CLARK
2450
2450
10
MILLER
1300
1300
10
14 rows selected.
SQL> select empno,ename,sal,comm,sal+nvl(comm,0) "total sal" ,deptno from emp or
der by deptno desc,
"total sal" desc;
EMPNO
---------7698
7654
7499
7521
7844
7900
7902
7788
7566
7876
7369
7839
7782
ENAME
SAL
COMM total sal
DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------BLAKE
2850
2850
30
MARTIN
1250
1400
2650
30
ALLEN
1600
300
1900
30
WARD
1250
500
1750
30
TURNER
1500
0
1500
30
JAMES
950
950
30
FORD
3000
3000
20
SCOTT
3000
3000
20
JONES
2975
2975
20
ADAMS
1100
1100
20
SMITH
800
800
20
KING
5000
5000
10
CLARK
2450
2450
10
7934 MILLER
1300
1300
10
14 rows selected.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1* select empno,ename,sal,comm,sal+nvl(comm,0) "total sal" ,deptno where "tota
l sal">500 from emp
SQL> /
select empno,ename,sal,comm,sal+nvl(comm,0) "total sal" ,deptno where "total sal
">500 from emp order
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00923: FROM keyword not found where expected
SQL> ed
1* select empno,ename,sal,comm,sal+nvl(comm,0) "total sal" ,deptno from emp wh
ere "total sal">500
SQL> /
select empno,ename,sal,comm,sal+nvl(comm,0) "total sal" ,deptno from emp where "
total sal">500 order
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "total sal": invalid identifier
SQL> ed
1* select empno,ename,sal,comm,sal+nvl(comm,0) "total sal" ,deptno from emp or
der by 5 desc
SQL> /
EMPNO
---------7839
7902
7788
7566
7698
7654
7782
7499
7521
7844
7934
7876
7900
7369
ENAME
SAL
COMM total sal
DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------KING
5000
5000
10
FORD
3000
3000
20
SCOTT
3000
3000
20
JONES
2975
2975
20
BLAKE
2850
2850
30
MARTIN
1250
1400
2650
30
CLARK
2450
2450
10
ALLEN
1600
300
1900
30
WARD
1250
500
1750
30
TURNER
1500
0
1500
30
MILLER
1300
1300
10
ADAMS
1100
1100
20
JAMES
950
950
30
SMITH
800
800
20
14 rows selected.
SQL> select * from emp where deptno=&deptno;
Enter value for deptno: 10
old 1: select * from emp where deptno=&deptno
new
1: select * from emp where deptno=10
EMPNO
EPTNO
-------------7782
10
7839
10
7934
10
ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----CLARK
MANAGER
KING
PRESIDENT
MILLER
CLERK
7839 09-JUN-81
2450
17-NOV-81
5000
7782 23-JAN-82
1300
SQL> /
old 1: select * from emp where deptno=&deptno
new 1: select * from emp where deptno=20
EMPNO
EPTNO
-------------7369
20
7566
20
7788
20
7876
20
7902
20
ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SMITH
CLERK
7902 17-DEC-80
800
JONES
MANAGER
7839 02-APR-81
2975
SCOTT
ANALYST
7566 09-DEC-82
3000
ADAMS
CLERK
7788 12-JAN-83
1100
FORD
ANALYST
7566 03-DEC-81
3000
SQL> l
1* select * from emp where deptno=&deptno
SQL> select * from &tname;
Enter value for tname: emp
old 1: select * from &tname
new 1: select * from emp
EMPNO
EPTNO
-------------7369
20
7499
30
7521
30
7566
20
7654
30
7698
30
7782
10
7788
20
ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SMITH
CLERK
7902 17-DEC-80
800
ALLEN
SALESMAN
7698 20-FEB-81
1600
300
WARD
SALESMAN
7698 22-FEB-81
1250
500
JONES
MANAGER
7839 02-APR-81
2975
MARTIN
SALESMAN
7698 28-SEP-81
1250
BLAKE
MANAGER
7839 01-MAY-81
2850
CLARK
MANAGER
7839 09-JUN-81
2450
SCOTT
ANALYST
7566 09-DEC-82
3000
1400
7839 KING
PRESIDENT
17-NOV-81
5000
7844 TURNER
SALESMAN
7698 08-SEP-81
1500
7876 ADAMS
CLERK
7788 12-JAN-83
1100
7900 JAMES
CLERK
7698 03-DEC-81
950
7902 FORD
ANALYST
7566 03-DEC-81
3000
7934 MILLER
CLERK
7782 23-JAN-82
1300
10
0
30
20
30
20
10
14 rows selected.
SQL> /
Enter value for tname: dept
old 1: select * from &tname
new 1: select * from dept
DEPTNO
---------10
20
30
40
DNAME
-------------ACCOUNTING
RESEARCH
SALES
OPERATIONS
LOC
------------NEW YORK
DALLAS
CHICAGO
BOSTON
SQL> select * from emp where deptno=&&deptno;

old 1: select * from emp where deptno=&&deptno
EMPNO
EPTNO
-------------7782
10
7839
10
7934
10
ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----CLARK
MANAGER
KING
PRESIDENT
MILLER
CLERK
7839 09-JUN-81
2450
17-NOV-81
5000
7782 23-JAN-82
1300
SQL> /
old 1: select * from emp where deptno=&&deptno
EMPNO
EPTNO
-------------7782
10
7839
10
7934
10
ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----CLARK
MANAGER
KING
PRESIDENT
MILLER
CLERK
7839 09-JUN-81
2450
17-NOV-81
5000
7782 23-JAN-82
1300
SQL> select * from &tname where deptno=&deptno;

Enter value for tname: emp
old
new
1: select * from &tname where deptno=&deptno

EMPNO
EPTNO
-------------7782
10
7839
10
7934
10
ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----CLARK
MANAGER
KING
PRESIDENT
MILLER
CLERK
7839 09-JUN-81
2450
17-NOV-81
5000
7782 23-JAN-82
1300
note: it will not ask for deptno number beacause previously i give a query for &
& and for this complete session
it will save the value of deptno=10'
so i give dept=&dno
SQL>
Enter
Enter
old
new
select * from &tname where deptno=&dno;

value for tname: emp
value for dno: 20
1: select * from &tname where deptno=&dno
EMPNO
EPTNO
-------------7369
20
7566
20
7788
20
7876
20
7902
20
ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SMITH
CLERK
7902 17-DEC-80
800
JONES
MANAGER
7839 02-APR-81
2975
SCOTT
ANALYST
7566 09-DEC-82
3000
ADAMS
CLERK
7788 12-JAN-83
1100
FORD
ANALYST
7566 03-DEC-81
3000
SQL> select * from emp where ename like'A%';

EMPNO
EPTNO
-------------7499
30
7876
20
ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----ALLEN
SALESMAN
7698 20-FEB-81
1600
ADAMS
CLERK
7788 12-JAN-83
1100
300
SQL> select * from emp where ename like'____';

EMPNO ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
D
EPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- -----
----7521 WARD
SALESMAN
7839 KING
PRESIDENT
7902 FORD
ANALYST
7698 22-FEB-81
1250
17-NOV-81
5000
7566 03-DEC-81
3000
500
30
10
20
SQL> select * from emp where ename like'_____&';
no rows selected
SQL> select * from emp where ename like'_____%';
EMPNO
EPTNO
-------------7369
20
7499
30
7566
20
7654
30
7698
30
7782
10
7788
20
7844
30
7876
20
7900
30
7934
10
ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SMITH
CLERK
7902 17-DEC-80
800
ALLEN
SALESMAN
7698 20-FEB-81
1600
JONES
MANAGER
7839 02-APR-81
2975
MARTIN
SALESMAN
7698 28-SEP-81
1250
BLAKE
MANAGER
7839 01-MAY-81
2850
CLARK
MANAGER
7839 09-JUN-81
2450
SCOTT
ANALYST
7566 09-DEC-82
3000
TURNER
SALESMAN
7698 08-SEP-81
1500
ADAMS
CLERK
7788 12-JAN-83
1100
JAMES
CLERK
7698 03-DEC-81
950
MILLER
CLERK
7782 23-JAN-82
1300
300
1400
11 rows selected.
SQL> select * from emp where ename like'%A%';
EMPNO
EPTNO
-------------7499
30
7521
30
7654
30
7698
30
7782
10
7876
ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----ALLEN
SALESMAN
7698 20-FEB-81
1600
300
WARD
SALESMAN
7698 22-FEB-81
1250
500
MARTIN
SALESMAN
7698 28-SEP-81
1250
1400
BLAKE
MANAGER
7839 01-MAY-81
2850
CLARK
MANAGER
7839 09-JUN-81
2450
ADAMS
CLERK
7788 12-JAN-83
1100
20
7900 JAMES
CLERK
7698 03-DEC-81
950
30
7 rows selected.
SQL> select * from emp where ename like'%LE%';
EMPNO
EPTNO
-------------7499
30
7934
10
ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----ALLEN
SALESMAN
7698 20-FEB-81
1600
MILLER
CLERK
7782 23-JAN-82
1300
300
SQL> DEFINE DNO=10;

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO=&DN0;
Enter value for dn0:
old 1: SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO=&DN0
new 1: SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO=
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO=
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00936: missing expression
SQL>
SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO=&DNO;
old 1: SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO=&DNO
new 1: SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO=10
EMPNO
EPTNO
-------------7782
10
7839
10
7934
10
ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----CLARK
MANAGER
KING
PRESIDENT
MILLER
CLERK
7839 09-JUN-81
2450
17-NOV-81
5000
7782 23-JAN-82
1300
SQL> DEFINE DNO;

DEFINE DNO
= "10" (CHAR)
SQL> UNDEFINE DNO;
SQL> DEFINE DNO;
SP2-0135: symbol dno is UNDEFINED
SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE JOB='ANALYST';
EMPNO ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
D
EPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- --------7788 SCOTT
ANALYST
7566 09-DEC-82
3000
20
7902 FORD
ANALYST
7566 03-DEC-81
3000
20
SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE LOWER(JOB)='analyst';
EMPNO
EPTNO
-------------7788
20
7902
20
ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SCOTT
ANALYST
7566 09-DEC-82
3000
FORD
ANALYST
7566 03-DEC-81
3000
SQL> show feedback

FEEDBACK ON for 6 or more rows
SQL> set feedback on
SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE LOWER(JOB)='analyst';
EMPNO
EPTNO
-------------7788
20
7902
20
ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SCOTT
ANALYST
7566 09-DEC-82
3000
FORD
ANALYST
7566 03-DEC-81
3000
2 rows selected.
SQL> select ename ||'earns salary'|| sal from emp;
ENAME||'EARNSSALARY'||SAL
-------------------------------------------------------------SMITHearns salary800
ALLENearns salary1600
WARDearns salary1250
JONESearns salary2975
MARTINearns salary1250
BLAKEearns salary2850
CLARKearns salary2450
SCOTTearns salary3000
KINGearns salary5000
TURNERearns salary1500
ADAMSearns salary1100
JAMESearns salary950
FORDearns salary3000
MILLERearns salary1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> select ename ||' earns salary'|| sal from emp;
ENAME||'EARNSSALARY'||SAL
--------------------------------------------------------------SMITH earns salary800
ALLEN earns salary1600
WARD earns salary1250
JONES earns salary2975

MARTIN earns salary1250
BLAKE earns salary2850
CLARK earns salary2450
SCOTT earns salary3000
KING earns salary5000
TURNER earns salary1500
ADAMS earns salary1100
JAMES earns salary950
FORD earns salary3000
MILLER earns salary1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> select ename ||' earns salary'|| sal " Employee Information" from emp;
Employee Information
--------------------------------------------------------------SMITH earns salary800
ALLEN earns salary1600
WARD earns salary1250
JONES earns salary2975
MARTIN earns salary1250
BLAKE earns salary2850
CLARK earns salary2450
SCOTT earns salary3000
KING earns salary5000
TURNER earns salary1500
ADAMS earns salary1100
JAMES earns salary950
FORD earns salary3000
MILLER earns salary1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> ed
1* select ename ||' earns salary '|| sal " Employee Information" from emp
SQL> /
---------------------------------------------------------------SMITH earns salary 800
ALLEN earns salary 1600
WARD earns salary 1250
JONES earns salary 2975
MARTIN earns salary 1250
BLAKE earns salary 2850
CLARK earns salary 2450
SCOTT earns salary 3000
KING earns salary 5000
TURNER earns salary 1500
ADAMS earns salary 1100
JAMES earns salary 950
FORD earns salary 3000
MILLER earns salary 1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> select initcap (ename ||' earns salary '|| sal) " Employee Information" fro
m emp;
---------------------------------------------------------------Smith Earns Salary 800
Allen Earns Salary 1600
Ward Earns Salary 1250
Jones Earns Salary 2975
Martin Earns Salary 1250
Blake Earns Salary 2850
Clark Earns Salary 2450
Scott Earns Salary 3000
King Earns Salary 5000
Turner Earns Salary 1500
Adams Earns Salary 1100
James Earns Salary 950
Ford Earns Salary 3000
Miller Earns Salary 1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> select concat( concat(ename,' earns salary '),sal ) " Employee Information"
from emp;
14 rows selected.
from emp order by s
al;

14 rows selected.
from emp order by e
name;
---------------------------------------------------------------ADAMS earns salary 1100
SMITH earns salary 800
14 rows selected.
SQL> select ename,sal from emp;

ENAME
SAL
---------- ---------SMITH
800
ALLEN
1600
WARD
1250
JONES
2975
MARTIN
1250
BLAKE
2850
CLARK
2450
SCOTT
3000
KING
5000
TURNER
1500
ADAMS
1100
JAMES
950
FORD
3000
MILLER
1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> ed
1* select lpad (ename,15),rpad (sal,15) from emp
SQL> /
LPAD(ENAME,15) RPAD(SAL,15)
--------------SMITH
ALLEN
WARD
JONES
MARTIN
BLAKE
CLARK
SCOTT
KING
TURNER
ADAMS
JAMES
FORD
MILLER
--------------800
1600
1250
2975
1250
2850
2450
3000
5000
1500
1100
950
3000
1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> ed
1* select lpad (ename,15)"ename",rpad (sal,15)"salary" from emp
SQL> /
ename
--------------SMITH
ALLEN
WARD
JONES
MARTIN
BLAKE
CLARK
SCOTT
KING
TURNER
ADAMS
JAMES
FORD
MILLER
salary
--------------800
1600
1250
2975
1250
2850
2450
3000
5000
1500
1100
950
3000
1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> select initcap (ename ||' earns salary '|| sal) " Employee Information" fro
m emp;
---------------------------------------------------------------Smith Earns Salary 800
Allen Earns Salary 1600
Ward Earns Salary 1250
Jones Earns Salary 2975
Martin Earns Salary 1250
Blake Earns Salary 2850
Clark Earns Salary 2450
Scott Earns Salary 3000
King Earns Salary 5000
Turner Earns Salary 1500
Adams Earns Salary 1100
James Earns Salary 950
Ford Earns Salary 3000

Miller Earns Salary 1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> ed
1* select initcap (rpad(ename,15) ||' earns salary '|| sal) " Employee Informa
tion" from emp
SQL> /
--------------------------------------------------------------------Smith
Earns Salary 800
Allen
Earns Salary 1600
Ward
Earns Salary 1250
Jones
Earns Salary 2975
Martin
Earns Salary 1250
Blake
Earns Salary 2850
Clark
Earns Salary 2450
Scott
Earns Salary 3000
King
Earns Salary 5000
Turner
Earns Salary 1500
Adams
Earns Salary 1100
James
Earns Salary 950
Ford
Earns Salary 3000
Miller
Earns Salary 1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> ed
1* select initcap (rpad(ename,15,'.') ||' earns salary '|| sal ) " Employee In
formation" from emp
SQL> /
--------------------------------------------------------------------Smith.......... Earns Salary 800
Allen.......... Earns Salary 1600
Ward........... Earns Salary 1250
Jones.......... Earns Salary 2975
Martin......... Earns Salary 1250
Blake.......... Earns Salary 2850
Clark.......... Earns Salary 2450
Scott.......... Earns Salary 3000
King........... Earns Salary 5000
Turner......... Earns Salary 1500
Adams.......... Earns Salary 1100
James.......... Earns Salary 950
Ford........... Earns Salary 3000
Miller......... Earns Salary 1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> ed
1* select initcap (ename ||' earns salary '|| lpad(sal,5,'.') " Employee Infor
mation" from emp
SQL> /
select initcap (ename ||' earns salary '|| lpad(sal,5,'.') " Employee Informatio
n" from emp
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00907: missing right parenthesis
SQL> ed
1* select initcap (ename ||' earns salary '|| lpad(sal,5,'.')) " Employee Info
rmation" from emp
SQL> /
----------------------------Smith Earns Salary ..800
Allen Earns Salary .1600
Ward Earns Salary .1250
Jones Earns Salary .2975
Martin Earns Salary .1250
Blake Earns Salary .2850
Clark Earns Salary .2450
Scott Earns Salary .3000
King Earns Salary .5000
Turner Earns Salary .1500
Adams Earns Salary .1100
James Earns Salary ..950
Ford Earns Salary .3000
Miller Earns Salary .1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> select substr('DONT WASTE TIME',1,4) FROM DUAL;
SUBS
---DONT
1 row selected.
SQL> select substr('DONT WASTE TIME',6,5) from dual;
SUBST
----WASTE
1 row selected.
SQL> ed
1* select substr('DONT WASTE TIME',6,) from dual
SQL> /
select substr('DONT WASTE TIME',6,) from dual
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00936: missing expression

SQL> ed
1* select substr('DONT WASTE TIME',6) from dual
SQL> /
SUBSTR('DO
---------WASTE TIME
1 row selected.
SQL> ed
1* select substr('DONT WASTE TIME',-4) from dual
SQL> /
SUBS
---TIME
1 row selected.
SQL> ed
1* select substr('DONT WASTE TIME',-10,5) from dual
SQL> /
SUBST
----WASTE
1 row selected.
SQL> ed
1* select substr('DONT WASTE TIME',0,5) from dual
SQL> /
SUBST
----DONT
1 row selected.
SQL> ed
SQL> /
S
-
1 row selected.
SQL> ed
SQL> /
S
1 row selected.
SQL> ed
1* select instr('DONT WASTE TIME','TIME') from dual
SQL> /
INSTR('DONTWASTETIME','TIME')
----------------------------12
1 row selected.
SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE INSTR(JOB,'CLERK')>0;
EMPNO
EPTNO
-------------7369
20
7876
20
7900
30
7934
10
ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SMITH
CLERK
7902 17-DEC-80
800
ADAMS
CLERK
7788 12-JAN-83
1100
JAMES
CLERK
7698 03-DEC-81
950
MILLER
CLERK
7782 23-JAN-82
1300
4 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> ED
1* select instr('DONT WASTE TIME AS TIME IS PRECIOUS','TIME',1,2) FROM DUAL
SQL> /
INSTR('DONTWASTETIMEASTIMEISPRECIOUS','TIME',1,2)
------------------------------------------------20
1 row selected.
SQL> select instr('DONT WASTE TIME AS TIME IS PRECIOUS','TIME',-1,2) FROM DUAL
2 ;
INSTR('DONTWASTETIMEASTIMEISPRECIOUS','TIME',-1,2)
-------------------------------------------------12
1 row selected.
SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE SUBSTR(JOB,1,2)>0;
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE SUBSTR(JOB,1,2)>0
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01722: invalid number
SQL> DEFINE STR='DONT WASTE TIME AS TIME IS PRECIOUS"
string beginning "'DONT WAST..." missing terminating quote (').
SQL> DEFINE STR='DONT WASTE TIME AS TIME IS PRECIOUS'
SQL> SELECT SUBSTR(&STR,INSTR(&STR,'TIME',1,2)) FROM DUAL;
old 1: SELECT SUBSTR(&STR,INSTR(&STR,'TIME',1,2)) FROM DUAL
new 1: SELECT SUBSTR(DONT WASTE TIME AS TIME IS PRECIOUS,INSTR(DONT WASTE TIME
AS TIME IS PRECIOUS
SELECT SUBSTR(DONT WASTE TIME AS TIME IS PRECIOUS,INSTR(DONT WASTE TIME AS TIME
IS PRECIOUS,'TIME',1
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00907: missing right parenthesis
SQL> ED
1* SELECT SUBSTR('&STR',INSTR('&STR','TIME',1,2)) FROM DUAL
SQL> /
old 1: SELECT SUBSTR('&STR',INSTR('&STR','TIME',1,2)) FROM DUAL
new 1: SELECT SUBSTR('DONT WASTE TIME AS TIME IS PRECIOUS',INSTR('DONT WASTE T
IME AS TIME IS PRECI
SUBSTR('DONTWAST
---------------TIME IS PRECIOUS
1 row selected.
SQL> ED
1* SELECT SUBSTR('&STR',INSTR('&STR','TIME',1,2),5) FROM DUAL
SQL> /
old 1: SELECT SUBSTR('&STR',INSTR('&STR','TIME',1,2),5) FROM DUAL
new 1: SELECT SUBSTR('DONT WASTE TIME AS TIME IS PRECIOUS',INSTR('DONT WASTE T
IME AS TIME IS PRECI
SUBST
----TIME
1 row selected.
SQL> SELECT ENAME(LENGTH) FROM EMP;
SELECT ENAME(LENGTH) FROM EMP

*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "ENAME": invalid identifier
SQL> SELECT ENAME, LENGTH(ENAME) FROM EMP;
ENAME
LENGTH(ENAME)
---------- ------------SMITH
5
ALLEN
5
WARD
4
JONES
5
MARTIN
6
BLAKE
5
CLARK
5
SCOTT
5
KING
4
TURNER
6
ADAMS
5
JAMES
5
FORD
4
MILLER
6
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT ENAME, LENGTH(ENAME) FROM EMP WHERE LENGTH(ENAME)>4;
ENAME
LENGTH(ENAME)
---------- ------------SMITH
5
ALLEN
5
JONES
5
MARTIN
6
BLAKE
5
CLARK
5
SCOTT
5
TURNER
6
ADAMS
5
JAMES
5
MILLER
6
11 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT TRIM('
HELLO
')FROM DUAL;
TRIM(
----HELLO
1 row selected.
SQL> SELECT TRIM (BOTH '.' FROM '.........HELLO......');
SELECT TRIM (BOTH '.' FROM '.........HELLO......')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00923: FROM keyword not found where expected
SQL> ED
1* SELECT TRIM (BOTH '.' FROM '.........HELLO......')FROM DUAL
SQL> /
TRIM(
----HELLO
1 row selected.
SQL> SELECT TRIM (LEADING '.'FROM '.......HELLOO...') FROM DUAL;
TRIM(LEAD
--------HELLOO...
1 row selected.
SQL> SELECT TRIM (BOTH '.' FROM '..........HELOOO
') FROM DUAL;
TRIM(BOTH'.'FRO
--------------HELOOO
1 row selected.
SQL> SELECT TRIM (BOTH '.' FROM '
HELLOO......') FROM DUAL;
TRIM(BOTH'.'
-----------HELLOO
1 row selected.
SQL> ED
1* SELECT TRIM (BOTH '.' FROM '
SQL> /
HELLOO..
...') FROM DUAL
TRIM(BOTH'.'FROM'H
-----------------HELLOO..
1 row selected.
SQL> SELECT RTRIM ('......HELLO.....','.') FROM DUAL;
RTRIM('....
----------......HELLO
1 row selected.
SQL> ED
1* SELECT LTRIM ('......HELLO.....','.') FROM DUAL
SQL> /
LTRIM('...
---------HELLO.....
1 row selected.
SQL> ED
1* SELECT LTRIM ('......HELLO.
SQL> /
xx....','.x') FROM DUAL
LTRIM('......HE
--------------HELLO. xx....
1 row selected.
SQL> ED
1* SELECT RTRIM ('......HELLO.
SQL> /
xx....','.x') FROM DUAL
RTRIM('......HE
--------------......HELLO.
1 row selected.
SQL> ED
SQL> /
xx....','. x') FROM DUAL
RTRIM('....
----------......HELLO
1 row selected.
SQL>
SQL> ED
SQL> /
xx....','') FROM DUAL
R
1 row selected.
SQL> SELECT ROUND(655.63219,2) FROM DUAL;
ROUND(655.63219,2)
-----------------655.63
1 row selected.
SQL> SELECT ROUND(655.63219,-1) FROM DUAL;
ROUND(655.63219,-1)
------------------660
1 row selected.
ROUND(655.63219,-2)
------------------700
1 row selected.
ROUND(655.63219,-3)
------------------1000
1 row selected.
ROUND(655.63219,-5)
------------------0
1 row selected.
SQL> SELECT TRUNC(49.2342,1) FROM DUAL;
TRUNC(49.2342,1)
---------------49.2
1 row selected.
SQL> SELECT TRUNC(49.2342,-2) FROM DUAL;
TRUNC(49.2342,-2)
----------------0
1 row selected.
SQL> SELECT TRUNC(49.2342,-1) FROM DUAL;
TRUNC(49.2342,-1)
----------------40
1 row selected.
SQL> SELECT TRUNC(49.266,2) FROM DUAL;
TRUNC(49.266,2)
--------------49.26
1 row selected.
SQL> SELECT MOD(2000,300) FROM DUAL;
MOD(2000,300)
------------200
1 row selected.
SQL> SELECT MOD( 2100,300) FROM DUAL;
MOD(2100,300)
------------0
1 row selected.
SQL> SELECT MOD (0,0) FROM DUAL;
MOD(0,0)
---------0
1 row selected.
SQL> SELECT MOD (800,0) FROM DUAL;
MOD(800,0)
---------800
1 row selected.
SQL> SELECT SYSDATE FROM DUAL;

SYSDATE
--------26-APR-14
1 row selected.
SQL> SELECT SYSDATE+1 FROM DUAL;
SYSDATE+1
--------27-APR-14
1 row selected.
SQL> SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP FROM DUAL;
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
--------------------------------------------------------------------------26-APR-14 02.00.12.138000 PM +05:30
1 row selected.
SQL> SELECT LOCAL_TIMESTAMP FROM DUAL;
SELECT LOCAL_TIMESTAMP FROM DUAL
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "LOCAL_TIMESTAMP": invalid identifier
SQL> SELECT LOCALTIMESTAMP FROM DUAL;
LOCALTIMESTAMP
--------------------------------------------------------------------------26-APR-14 02.01.31.027000 PM
1 row selected.
SQL> ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT='DD-MON-YYYY HH:MI:SS AM';
Session altered.
SYSDATE
----------------------26-APR-2014 02:05:10 PM
1 row selected.
SYSDATE
----------------------26-APR-2014 02:05:40 PM
1 row selected.
SQL> SELECT SYSDATE+1 FROM DUAL;
SYSDATE+1
----------------------27-APR-2014 02:05:56 PM
1 row selected.
SQL> SELECT SYSDATE+1/24 FROM DUAL;
SYSDATE+1/24
----------------------26-APR-2014 03:06:14 PM
1 row selected.
SQL> SELECT EMPNO,ENAME,SYSDATE,HIREDATE FROM EMP;

EMPNO
---------7369
7499
7521
7566
7654
7698
7782
7788
7839
7844
7876
7900
7902
7934
ENAME
---------SMITH
ALLEN
WARD
JONES
MARTIN
BLAKE
CLARK
SCOTT
KING
TURNER
ADAMS
JAMES
FORD
MILLER
SYSDATE
----------------------26-APR-2014 02:07:55 PM
26-APR-2014 02:07:55 PM
26-APR-2014 02:07:55 PM
26-APR-2014 02:07:55 PM
26-APR-2014 02:07:55 PM
26-APR-2014 02:07:55 PM
26-APR-2014 02:07:55 PM
26-APR-2014 02:07:55 PM
26-APR-2014 02:07:55 PM
26-APR-2014 02:07:55 PM
26-APR-2014 02:07:55 PM
26-APR-2014 02:07:55 PM
26-APR-2014 02:07:55 PM
26-APR-2014 02:07:55 PM
HIREDATE
----------------------17-DEC-1980 12:00:00 AM
20-FEB-1981 12:00:00 AM
22-FEB-1981 12:00:00 AM
02-APR-1981 12:00:00 AM
28-SEP-1981 12:00:00 AM
01-MAY-1981 12:00:00 AM
09-JUN-1981 12:00:00 AM
09-DEC-1982 12:00:00 AM
17-NOV-1981 12:00:00 AM
08-SEP-1981 12:00:00 AM
12-JAN-1983 12:00:00 AM
03-DEC-1981 12:00:00 AM
03-DEC-1981 12:00:00 AM
23-JAN-1982 12:00:00 AM
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1* SELECT EMPNO,ENAME,SYSDATE,HIREDATE,SYSDATE-HIREDATE FROM EMP
SQL> /
EMPNO
REDATE
--------------7369
3.5898
7499
8.5898
7521
6.5898
7566
7.5898
7654
8.5898
7698
8.5898
7782
9.5898
7788
1.5898
7839
8.5898
7844
8.5898
7876
7.5898
7900
2.5898
7902
2.5898
7934
1.5898
ENAME
SYSDATE
HIREDATE
SYSDATE-HI
---------- ----------------------- ----------------------- ---------SMITH
26-APR-2014 02:09:21 PM 17-DEC-1980 12:00:00 AM
1218
ALLEN
26-APR-2014 02:09:21 PM 20-FEB-1981 12:00:00 AM
1211
WARD
26-APR-2014 02:09:21 PM 22-FEB-1981 12:00:00 AM
1211
JONES
26-APR-2014 02:09:21 PM 02-APR-1981 12:00:00 AM
1207
MARTIN
26-APR-2014 02:09:21 PM 28-SEP-1981 12:00:00 AM
1189
BLAKE
26-APR-2014 02:09:21 PM 01-MAY-1981 12:00:00 AM
1204
CLARK
26-APR-2014 02:09:21 PM 09-JUN-1981 12:00:00 AM
1200
SCOTT
26-APR-2014 02:09:21 PM 09-DEC-1982 12:00:00 AM
1146
KING
26-APR-2014 02:09:21 PM 17-NOV-1981 12:00:00 AM
1184
TURNER
26-APR-2014 02:09:21 PM 08-SEP-1981 12:00:00 AM
1191
ADAMS
26-APR-2014 02:09:21 PM 12-JAN-1983 12:00:00 AM
1142
JAMES
26-APR-2014 02:09:21 PM 03-DEC-1981 12:00:00 AM
1183
FORD
26-APR-2014 02:09:21 PM 03-DEC-1981 12:00:00 AM
1183
MILLER
26-APR-2014 02:09:21 PM 23-JAN-1982 12:00:00 AM
1178
14 rows selected.
SQL> UPDATE EMP SET HIREDATE-SYSDATE WHERE ENAME='ALLEN';
UPDATE EMP SET HIREDATE-SYSDATE WHERE ENAME='ALLEN'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00927: missing equal sign
SQL> ED
1* UPDATE EMP SET HIREDATE=SYSDATE WHERE ENAME='ALLEN'
SQL> /
1 row updated.
SQL> SELECT EMPNO,ENAME,SYSDATE,HIREDATE,TRUNC(SYSDATE-HIREDATE) FROM EMP;
EMPNO ENAME
ATE-HIREDATE)
---------- ---------------------7369 SMITH
12183
7499 ALLEN
0
7521 WARD
12116
7566 JONES
12077
7654 MARTIN
11898
7698 BLAKE
12048
7782 CLARK
12009
7788 SCOTT
11461
7839 KING
11848
7844 TURNER
11918
7876 ADAMS
11427
7900 JAMES
11832
7902 FORD
11832
7934 MILLER
11781
SYSDATE
HIREDATE
TRUNC(SYSD
----------------------- ----------------------- ---------26-APR-2014 02:13:32 PM 17-DEC-1980 12:00:00 AM

26-APR-2014 02:13:32 PM 26-APR-2014 02:12:54 PM
26-APR-2014 02:13:32 PM 22-FEB-1981 12:00:00 AM
26-APR-2014 02:13:32 PM 02-APR-1981 12:00:00 AM
26-APR-2014 02:13:32 PM 28-SEP-1981 12:00:00 AM
26-APR-2014 02:13:32 PM 01-MAY-1981 12:00:00 AM
26-APR-2014 02:13:32 PM 09-JUN-1981 12:00:00 AM
26-APR-2014 02:13:32 PM 09-DEC-1982 12:00:00 AM
26-APR-2014 02:13:32 PM 17-NOV-1981 12:00:00 AM
26-APR-2014 02:13:32 PM 08-SEP-1981 12:00:00 AM
26-APR-2014 02:13:32 PM 12-JAN-1983 12:00:00 AM
26-APR-2014 02:13:32 PM 03-DEC-1981 12:00:00 AM
26-APR-2014 02:13:32 PM 03-DEC-1981 12:00:00 AM
26-APR-2014 02:13:32 PM 23-JAN-1982 12:00:00 AM
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP;
EMPNO ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------------------- ---------- --
-------- ---------7369 SMITH

20
7499 ALLEN
300
30
7521 WARD
500
30
7566 JONES
20
7654 MARTIN
1400
30
7698 BLAKE
30
7782 CLARK
10
7788 SCOTT
20
7839 KING
10
7844 TURNER
0
30
7876 ADAMS
20
7900 JAMES
30
7902 FORD
20
7934 MILLER
10
CLERK
7902 17-DEC-1980 12:00:00 AM
800
SALESMAN
7698 26-APR-2014 02:12:54 PM
1600
SALESMAN
7698 22-FEB-1981 12:00:00 AM
1250
MANAGER
7839 02-APR-1981 12:00:00 AM
2975
SALESMAN
7698 28-SEP-1981 12:00:00 AM
1250
MANAGER
7839 01-MAY-1981 12:00:00 AM
2850
MANAGER
7839 09-JUN-1981 12:00:00 AM
2450
ANALYST
7566 09-DEC-1982 12:00:00 AM
3000
17-NOV-1981 12:00:00 AM
5000
SALESMAN
7698 08-SEP-1981 12:00:00 AM
1500
CLERK
7788 12-JAN-1983 12:00:00 AM
1100
CLERK
7698 03-DEC-1981 12:00:00 AM
950
ANALYST
7566 03-DEC-1981 12:00:00 AM
3000
CLERK
7782 23-JAN-1982 12:00:00 AM
1300
PRESIDENT
14 rows selected.
SQL> UPDATE EMP SET HIREDATE='26-APR-2014' WHERE EMPNO=7844;
1 row updated.
SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP;
EMPNO ENAME
COMM
DEPTNO
---------- ----------------- ---------7369 SMITH
20
7499 ALLEN
300
30
7521 WARD
500
30
7566 JONES
20
7654 MARTIN
1400
30
7698 BLAKE
30
7782 CLARK
10
7788 SCOTT
20
7839 KING
10
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
--------- ---------- ----------------------- ---------- -CLERK
7902 17-DEC-1980 12:00:00 AM
800
SALESMAN
7698 26-APR-2014 02:12:54 PM
1600
SALESMAN
7698 22-FEB-1981 12:00:00 AM
1250
MANAGER
7839 02-APR-1981 12:00:00 AM
2975
SALESMAN
7698 28-SEP-1981 12:00:00 AM
1250
MANAGER
7839 01-MAY-1981 12:00:00 AM
2850
MANAGER
7839 09-JUN-1981 12:00:00 AM
2450
ANALYST
7566 09-DEC-1982 12:00:00 AM
3000
17-NOV-1981 12:00:00 AM
5000
PRESIDENT
7844 TURNER
0
30
7876 ADAMS
20
7900 JAMES
30
7902 FORD
20
7934 MILLER
10
SALESMAN
7698 26-APR-2014 12:00:00 AM
1500
CLERK
7788 12-JAN-1983 12:00:00 AM
1100
CLERK
7698 03-DEC-1981 12:00:00 AM
950
ANALYST
7566 03-DEC-1981 12:00:00 AM
3000
CLERK
7782 23-JAN-1982 12:00:00 AM
1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE HIREDATE='26-APR-2014';
EMPNO ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------------------- ---------- --------- ---------7844 TURNER
SALESMAN
7698 26-APR-2014 12:00:00 AM
1500
0
30
1 row selected.
SQL> ED
1* SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE HIREDATE=SYSDATE
SQL> /
no rows selected
SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE ENAME='ALLEN';
EMPNO ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------------------- ---------- --------- ---------7499 ALLEN
SALESMAN
7698 26-APR-2014 02:12:54 PM
1600
300
30
1 row selected.
SQL> SELECT TRUNC(HIREDATE,'DAY') FROM EMP;
TRUNC(HIREDATE,'DAY')
----------------------14-DEC-1980 12:00:00 AM
20-APR-2014 12:00:00 AM
22-FEB-1981 12:00:00 AM
29-MAR-1981 12:00:00 AM
27-SEP-1981 12:00:00 AM
26-APR-1981 12:00:00 AM
07-JUN-1981 12:00:00 AM
05-DEC-1982 12:00:00 AM
15-NOV-1981 12:00:00 AM
20-APR-2014 12:00:00 AM
09-JAN-1983 12:00:00 AM
29-NOV-1981 12:00:00 AM
29-NOV-1981 12:00:00 AM
17-JAN-1982 12:00:00 AM
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT EMPNO,ENAME,TRUNC(SYSDATE,HIREDATE) FROM EMP;
SELECT EMPNO,ENAME,TRUNC(SYSDATE,HIREDATE) FROM EMP
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00932: inconsistent datatypes: expected NUMBER got DATE
SQL> SELECT EMPNO,ENAME,TRUNC(SYSDATE),TRUNC(HIREDATE) FROM EMP;
EMPNO
---------7369
7499
7521
7566
7654
7698
7782
7788
7839
7844
7876
7900
7902
7934
ENAME
---------SMITH
ALLEN
WARD
JONES
MARTIN
BLAKE
CLARK
SCOTT
KING
TURNER
ADAMS
JAMES
FORD
MILLER
TRUNC(SYSDATE)
----------------------26-APR-2014 12:00:00 AM
26-APR-2014 12:00:00 AM
26-APR-2014 12:00:00 AM
26-APR-2014 12:00:00 AM
26-APR-2014 12:00:00 AM
26-APR-2014 12:00:00 AM
26-APR-2014 12:00:00 AM
26-APR-2014 12:00:00 AM
26-APR-2014 12:00:00 AM
26-APR-2014 12:00:00 AM
26-APR-2014 12:00:00 AM
26-APR-2014 12:00:00 AM
26-APR-2014 12:00:00 AM
26-APR-2014 12:00:00 AM
TRUNC(HIREDATE)
----------------------17-DEC-1980 12:00:00 AM
26-APR-2014 12:00:00 AM
22-FEB-1981 12:00:00 AM
02-APR-1981 12:00:00 AM
28-SEP-1981 12:00:00 AM
01-MAY-1981 12:00:00 AM
09-JUN-1981 12:00:00 AM
09-DEC-1982 12:00:00 AM
17-NOV-1981 12:00:00 AM
26-APR-2014 12:00:00 AM
12-JAN-1983 12:00:00 AM
03-DEC-1981 12:00:00 AM
03-DEC-1981 12:00:00 AM
23-JAN-1982 12:00:00 AM
14 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> SELECT NEXT_DAY (SYSDATE,'FRIDAY') FROM DUAL;

NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE,'FRIDA
----------------------02-MAY-2014 02:36:20 PM
1 row selected.
SQL> SELECT LAST_DAY(SYSDATE) FROM DUAL;
LAST_DAY(SYSDATE)
----------------------30-APR-2014 02:39:55 PM
1 row selected.
SQL> ED
1* SELECT '15-SEP-2014'-1 FROM DUAL
SQL> /
SELECT '15-SEP-2014'-1 FROM DUAL
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01722: invalid number
SQL> ED
1* SELECT TO_DATE('15-SEP-2014')-1 FROM DUAL
SQL> /
TO_DATE('15-SEP-2014')----------------------14-SEP-2014 12:00:00 AM
1 row selected.
SQL> SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'DD-MM-YYYY) FROM DUAL;
ERROR:
ORA-01756: quoted string not properly terminated
SQL> ED
1* SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'DD-MM-YYYY') FROM DUAL
SQL> /
TO_CHAR(SY
---------26-04-2014
1 row selected.
SQL> SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'D-DD-DDD') FROM DUAL;
TO_CHAR(
-------7-26-116
1 row selected.
SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE TO_CHAR(HIREDATE,'DD')='17;
ERROR:
ORA-01756: quoted string not properly terminated
SQL> ED
1* SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE TO_CHAR(HIREDATE,'DD')='17'
SQL> /
EMPNO ENAME
COMM
DEPTNO
---------- ----------------- ---------7369 SMITH
20
7839 KING
10
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
--------- ---------- ----------------------- ---------- -CLERK

PRESIDENT
7902 17-DEC-1980 12:00:00 AM
800
17-NOV-1981 12:00:00 AM
5000
2 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1* SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE TO_CHAR(HIREDATE,'D')='6'
SQL> /
EMPNO ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------------------- ---------- --------- ---------7698 BLAKE
MANAGER
7839 01-MAY-1981 12:00:00 AM
2850
30
1 row selected.
SQL> ED
SQL> /
EMPNO ENAME
COMM
DEPTNO
---------- ----------------- ---------7900 JAMES
30
7902 FORD
20
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
--------- ---------- ----------------------- ---------- -CLERK
7698 03-DEC-1981 12:00:00 AM
950
ANALYST
7566 03-DEC-1981 12:00:00 AM
3000
2 rows selected.
SQL> ED
SQL> /
no rows selected
SQL> ED
1*
SQL>
1*
SQL>
SAL
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE TO_CHAR(HIREDATE,'DDD')='135'

;
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE TO_CHAR(HIREDATE,'DDD')='135'
/
no rows selected
SQL> SELECT EMPNO,ENAME,TO_CHAR(HIREDATE,'Day') from emp;
EMPNO ENAME
TO_CHAR(H
---------- ---------- ---------
7369
7499
7521
7566
7654
7698
7782
7788
7839
7844
7876
7900
7902
7934
SMITH
ALLEN
WARD
JONES
MARTIN
BLAKE
CLARK
SCOTT
KING
TURNER
ADAMS
JAMES
FORD
MILLER
Wednesday
Saturday
Sunday
Thursday
Monday
Friday
Tuesday
Thursday
Tuesday
Saturday
Wednesday
Thursday
Thursday
Saturday
14 rows selected.
SQL> ed
1* SELECT EMPNO,ENAME,TO_CHAR(HIREDATE,'Day') from emp where TO_CHAR(HIREDATE,
'Day')='Thursday'
SQL> /
no rows selected
SQL> ed
1* SELECT EMPNO,ENAME,TO_CHAR(HIREDATE,'fmDay') from emp where TO_CHAR(HIREDAT
E,'fmDay')='Thursday
SQL> /
EMPNO
---------7566
7788
7900
7902
ENAME
---------JONES
SCOTT
JAMES
FORD
4 rows selected.
TO_CHAR(H
--------Thursday
Thursday
Thursday
Thursday

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SQL> show user

SQL> select * from dept;

SQL> select * from emp;

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SMITH

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----JAMES

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SMITH

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----JAMES

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SMITH

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----CLARK

SQL> select * from emp where deptno=10 or deptno=20;

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SMITH

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----ALLEN

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----ALLEN

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SMITH

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SMITH

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SMITH

SQL> select * from emp where sal>=1500 and sal<=2450;

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----ALLEN

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SMITH

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----ALLEN

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SMITH

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SMITH

SQL> select * from emp where comm!=null;

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SMITH

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----ALLEN

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----ALLEN

SQL> select * from emp where comm is null and comm!=0;

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SMITH

SQL> select empno,ename,sal,comm,sal+nvl(comm,0),deptno from emp order by deptno

1: select * from emp where deptno=10

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----CLARK

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SMITH

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SMITH

SQL> select * from emp where deptno=&&deptno;

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----CLARK

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----CLARK

SQL> select * from &tname where deptno=&deptno;

1: select * from &tname where deptno=&deptno

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----CLARK

select * from &tname where deptno=&dno;

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SMITH

SQL> select * from emp where ename like'A%';

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----ALLEN

SQL> select * from emp where ename like'____';

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SMITH

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----ALLEN

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----ALLEN

SQL> DEFINE DNO=10;

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----CLARK

SQL> DEFINE DNO;

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SCOTT

SQL> show feedback

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SCOTT

JONES earns salary2975

JONES earns salary 2975

SQL> select ename,sal from emp;

Ford Earns Salary 3000

ORA-00936: missing expression

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----SMITH

SELECT ENAME(LENGTH) FROM EMP

') FROM DUAL;

HELLOO......') FROM DUAL;

...') FROM DUAL