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BO GrAo DUC

vA DAO TAO

r *iadt
=s-,?

* sQt TOAN HQC vIFr NAM


6ere)
r995
NAM THI,32

tAp cHi na NcAv ts nANc tnAxc

m D6 rn6c vfi c6c Bfil ro6n vE so rHqc


A

m MQT so o4NG KHAc c0A BAI TOAN CON BUOM


rl2?

m D THI TUYCN SINH LOP IO

DHTH TP

Hd

CTII NNINH

PYTHAGORE

rudr Au seu nmm wx&w


uor GllI{G Beffi8B t&ffiffi

,lnh : Trudrrg Qudc hqc Hud

ToAN HQC VA TUbI TRE


MATHEMATICS AND YOUTH

MUC LUC
Trang

For lower Secondary School Leuel Friends


Nguy1ru Van Vinh - Da thrlc vd cdc bii to5n
v6 sd thuc.

ki trudc
Solution of Problents in Preuious issue
C6c bdi cia s6 212.

Phan Nam.

bii toin

Hilng "con

bu6m"

Db ra ki ndy.
Crlc

bii

in This Issue.
Tl1216, ... TlO1216,

Bgn c6 bidt
Do you know
Ki s6 Hy Lap

Lll2l6, L2l2l6

10

cd

11

o Nguy&t. Minh Hd. - Dinh Ii Ptolcmc tdng qudt t2

dng kinh c,ii crich day vd hoc lodn


Kaleidoscope, Refornt of Maths Teaching
artd Learning.
H6i Am sau bdi b6o "Voi cring bing kidn"

13

NGO DA]. TU
HOANCi CHUNG

nOr ocir.rc erEru

r4e

Nguy6n CAnh Todn, Hodng


Chring, Ng6 Dat Tf, L6 Kh6c
Bio, Nguy6n Huy Doan. Nguy6n
ViCt Hei, Dinh Quang Hriro,
Nguy6n XuAn Huy, Phan Huy
Khai. Vu Thanh Khidt, LO l{ei
KhOi, Nguy6n Van Miu, Hodng
LO I{inh, Nguy0n Kh6c Minh,
Trdn Van Nhung. Nguy6n Dang
Phdt, Phan Thanh Quang, Ta
Hdng QuAng, Dang Hung Th6ng,

Vrl Drrong Thlry, Trdn Thdnh

Tidu st ctic nhd todn hoc


B io grap hy of Mathematicians

- Pythagore
o Hod.ng L Minh - D6 thi tuydn sinh ldp 10
DHTH TP Hd Chi Minh
o Gidi tri todn hoc
Huu Lin

Phd tdng biAn Qp

MQt s6 dang kh6c

Problems

fip

NCIIYE,N CANH TOAN

Gidri bdi

cria

Tdng biAn

Ddnh cho ctic ban Trung hoc Co sb

14

Trai, LO Brl Kh6nh Trinh, Ng6


Vit Trung, Dang Quan Vi6n.

16

Fun with Mathematics.


Vu Kim Thiy - GiAi ddp bdi Du lich xuy6n Vi6t
Bia
Vu Hodng Thdi - Di6n sd vdo tam gi6c

Tru sd tba soan :


45B Hlrng chu6i, He

i[r Ngv'a;nil'CJ-

Noi

tF-nO Cni uintr

DT: 213786 Bin td.p uo, tyi !u-; VU KIM THIIY


Trinh 6dy: HoANG HAI
DT: 356111

Dinh
rh cho c6c b4n Trung hoc Co s6d

DA THUC >\VA t\'CAC BAI TOAN


VE SO THUC
Thong qic ki thi hoc sinh gi6i, thi vdo c6c
idp chuy6n to6n thrrdng cd cdc bii torin chrlng
minh m6t s6 ndo dd ln s6 nguy6n, hodc ld s6
vo ti. Bei vidt ndy xin gi6i thi6u v6i c6c ban
m6t rlng dung cria da thrlc dd giAi c6c bii todn

loai niy.

NGIIYfiN VAN VINH


(TP Hb Ch; Minh)

1), - 2a : O, nhrl vAy x chinh


nghiam cria da thrlc 13 + (2a - l)x - 2a (l)
x3 + 72a

_Khia:U.1 ru c6x=

trinh b6i dudng hgc sinh gi6i,


c6c ban da bi6t dinh li sau ddy vd cftc hQ qu&
v6 da thrlc.

nguy6n, q ld s6

phAn s6 t6i giAn


"

{q-tp fa "O

tu nhien kh6c 0) ld nghidm cira

da thrlc v6i he sd nguY6n


ort *on-1*-1 +.., + arx * o,r(o,.,kh:ic0)(1)
thi p ld rJ6c sd c'&.a ao vd g li rl6c sd cita an.
HQ qui 1. Moi nghiQm nguy6n cta da thrlc
(1) d6u li trdc sd cta h6 sd tu do oo.
HQ qui 2. Moi nghiQm huu ti cira da thrlc
v6i h6 s6 nguy6n * + an-rxn-l 4 ... * arx * ao

- Khi o,

Budc 1; LAp mdt da thrlc vdi h6 sd nguy6n


cd m6t nghi6m x : a.
Budc 2; Chfng minh ring hoac ld da thrlc
rda tim duoc kh6ng cci nghiOrn nguy6n, ho6c
Id trong sd tdt cA c6c nghiQm nguy6n cd thd cci
cira da thrlc, kh6ng c<i nghi6m nio bing a.

Du6i dey

li

mOt sd

Bai l. Ddtx =

VAy

lTid=T

!a

v6i mqi a

2 ] t, ",; r = 1 li sd trr nhi6n

Bei 2. Chrlng minh ring

Giai.
X6tx3 = 6 - 1x,hay x3 * 5r - 6 = 0
Suy ra r li nghiOm cta da thrlc 13 + fu - 6 (2)

- 6 : (x - l)(*2 +r + 6)Vida
thrlc bdc hai x2 + x * 6 kh6ng cci nghiOm n6n
r : 1 ld nghiOm thr:c duy nhdt cira da thrlc (2)
Kdt luAn : x = l ld mOt sd htu ti.
B}ri 3. Chrlng minh ring sd o : tt[Z +3t[4
*

bx

a3

Tacdx3

ld sd vd ti.
Giai.
6 + 33{8 1srl7 + 3{Z;,

-6: o
Sry ra a le
x3 -6x -6 (B)
a3

-Ga

nghi6m

Sd o kh6ng phAi ld s6

Chrlng minh

ring v6i mqi

r
,
" *thi

lh

m6t sd trr nhi6n (Thi vdo l6p 10 chuyOn Tb5n


TP Hd Chi Minh 1982).

Giai.

x3

= 2a +

(l -

2a)x

1985)

x6t
+

sd

(Thi hqc sinh gi6i TP Hd Chi Minh vdng

bii todn vAn dung.

o+a*l
s

:ft
I ;. I ; :,

'31-1

Tb cd 1 - 8o dm n6n da thrlc
E,
(1) crj nghidm thuc duy nhdt r : 1.

d6u ld sd nguy6n.

Dga vio dinh li vd e1.c hQ qui ndy, cd thd


rrit ra quy tic sau dAy dd chrlng minh m6t s6
o cho trudc ld mOt sd vd ti (hay ld mdt sd htu
ti)

':

Th cri xz + 12a-11x -2a = (x-l)@2+x+2a)


x6t da thrlc bic hai x2 *x l2acd A : 1 - 8o

Tbong chrtong

Dinh li : Ndu

li

hay

cta da thrlc

htu ti, vi gia

st1

nguoc

li s6
lai o. li s6 hiru ti thi
3r[2
3{4
+
< 4, t:(.cld?
nguy6n. D6 thdy 2 <
< a < 4. Suy ra a : 3. Nhung 3 lai khdng phni
ld nghi6m ctra da thrlc (3). V0 li.
theo hQ quA 2, o phai

Di6u v6li chrlng t63r[2

+ 3{4li

s6 vo ti.

Bei 4. Chrlng minh ring s6 c : rl7 + rl5 U


sd v6 ti.
Giai. Gia sir nguoc lai c ld .,U n:" ti, ta cci

C6ng tirng vd hai bdt d6ng thrlc, ta cci

Gita hai sd tu uhi6n 7 vi 8 kh6ng cri sd tti


nhi6n ndo, theo m6nh dd tr6n ta suy ra o ld s6
vd ti.

c2: E: 2{6 Suyra{6 = ;ldmOts6


hrfu ti. Vo li. Di6u v6 li dd chrlng t6
c - \[, + {5 ta mOt sd vo ti.
Bai 5. Chrlng minh ring s6 6 : :{2 1:{B
li m6t sd v6 ti.

Bei 8. Tkong cac da thfc sau ddy, xrlc dinh


xem nghi6m nh6 nhdt cria chring li sd hfru ti,
hay li sd v6 ti ?
a) P(r) =x,6 +?rcs -zr4 +x3 +5x2 *6x -l
U)Q(r) = x7 - Lr6+ ?t5 - x4- 5x3- 6xz- 6x+l

Giai. Gia sil ngrJoc lai b ld mOt sd hrru ti.


X6t b3 : S + 83{6 13117 + 3rl5;, do dd
b3 = b+ 83{6 . b. Suy ra 3{6 =
+li

sd htru

ti.

Vo

Giii. a) Nghi6m htru ti ctra da thrlc P(x)


thi chi c<j thd Id t hoac -1. Nhdn thdy
P(1) : 0, do dci c<i thd phAn tich
P(x) : (r - 1)(rs + gx.4 + x3 + 2,x2 + 7x + l)
Da thrlc xs +3x4 +r3 + 2xz +7x * 1 cci bdc
16 ndn phAi cci it nhdt li m6t nghiOm thuc. Mat
ndu cri

m6t

li

Di6u v6 li dd chdng t6 6 = 3t[2 + 3{5 ta


m6t sd vO ti. Qua cdc bdi todn tr6n ddy, ta cci
thd di t6i m6nh dd tdng quSt sau diy.

N6u

o vi b ld

c : 3{a + 3{t

c5c s6 tU nhi6n

thi

khdc : tdt cd c6c h6 sd cria da thrlc bdc 16 d6u


dtlong, do dri nghiOm thr.Ic cria da thrlc phAi ld
sd Am, trlc li nh6 hon 1. Tt dd crj thd kdt luAn
nghi6m nh6 nhdt cira da thitc P(x) ld s6 vd ti.

sd

hodc l} m6t sd ttr nhi6n, hoac


ld mOt sd v0 ti. ThAt vAy : d6 ddng kidm tra
dtroc ring s6 c : 3{7 + 3r/O ta mot nghiom

ctra da thrlc vdi he sd


(*3 -o-q3 - 27abx3

b) Th

nguy6n.

Theo hd qud 2 : ndu da thrlc niy cci nghidm


huu ti thi nghiOm dd phAi li sd nguy6n. Do dd
ndu nghiOm c : 3,{a + 3{b kh6ng phAi ln sd
nguyOn

(x)

cci

(r +1 ) (16 -3r5 +i5*4 -613 1*2 -7 x +71

Da thrlc
kh6ng

cci

x6 -gxS +5x4 -Gx3 +x2

-7x * l

nghi6m htu ti. Mat khric, d5 thdy ndu

da thrlc bdc chin niy cci nghi6m thrrc thi


nghiGm dri phni drrong. VAy c<i thd di tdi kdt
ludn : nghiOm nh6 nhdt ctia da thrlc ld s6 hiru

thi c ph6i ld sd vO ti.

T[ong bdi hoc "Sd v6 ti - 56 thrrc" (Dai s6 9


- 1994), o.ic ban de bi6t c6c sd {2, tl6, 3rlB ta
c5c s6 vO ti. Du6i ddy chring ta s6 chrlng minh

bdi torin tdng qurit

7<3{zg+3\[23<8

ti.

'

cci

Bai 9. Hay lip m6t da thrlc v6i h6 s6 nguy6n


m6t nghi6m ld a : ri7 + VE.

Bai 6. Ndu o ld mOt sd trr nhi6n vi n ld s6


trl nhi6n, n > 2 thi "{; ho6c ld mOt sd nguy6n

Giai. X6t a2 = 5 +2{6, do dd


@z -S1z : 24 hay, al - lOaz +1 : 0. Nhrr
vay a =,{2 + {5 n nghiOm cria da thrlc

Giai. Gie sit "{o kh6ng phAi ld sd nguy6n.


D6 thdy c : '{a ld m6t nghidm ctra da thrJc

x4-lox2+1.

hoac ld m6t s6 vO ti.

Bai

vdi h6 sd nguy6n * - a. Da thrlc nhy ndu cci


nghiOm htu ti thi nghi6m d<i phAi li sd nguy6n.
Nhrrng theo 976 s&n,{ a kh6ng phni ld sd nguy6n,
do d<j n{o phAi la sd vO ti.

Xric dinh xem, sd


-5{, Id s6 v6 ti hay la

+3rn

Giai. Tb c6 c3 : t4 - 3c, do dd
cr * 3c - 14 = 0. Suy ra c ld nghi6m cria da

Bei 7. Chrlng minh ring s6


a = 3r[23 + 3{123 li m6t s6 v6 ti.
Giii : Ban d6 ding kidm tra duoc

thrlc v6i

hO sd nguy6n.

P(x) : x3 + 3x - L4.
NhAn
thdy
P(x) = (x -2)(x2 +2n + 7) trong d<i da thfc
x2 + ?-x + 7 kh6ng cci nghi6m thrrc. Di6u ndy cci
nghia x = 2ld nghiOm thrrc duy nhdt cita P(x).

5 ^2<,,12J<B

| '

I0.

c =3,[7 +N2
s6 hrtu ti,

3'tl;ri <5

Kdt luAn : c ld s6 hrru ti


2

*c : 1
+lcl =1
ll"l +lbl+16-cl
+lc
[lo-al

fl"

+O

-al:2

(1)
(2)
(3)

Tt (1) vd (2), ta c6 a, b, c cing ddu ho6c


bing 0, nghia ld ab > O ; bc > 0 ; ca > O (4).
Tt (2) vi (3), k6t hqp vdi
l* -yl < lrl + lyl, ta cd
zlal +2lbl +2lcl : l" -bl + lb -cl +
:

Beri Tll2l2. Tim sd xYz bidt rang


3rfffi : (x +y + z)4" udi (n e N)
Ldi gini : (cria Tta.n Thi Ngsc Hd'i, 9T,
Chuy6n LA Khidt, Quing Ngei).
Giisrl n >- l.Vir > 1 n6n ndu

! :

z=

thi 3,{ffi = 3\i106 e N. Tbong khi


(x+y+")4" eN.Vo[!

dd

* z >- | thl x * Y * z 2 2,suy ra


1r+y+z;{" >-21 - 16 > 10:3{1000 ,3'{ryr.
YAy n : 0. Tb c6 xyz = (x * y + z)3. (l)
Met kh6c ta cd 64 <W < 1000 haY
ndu y

4<x*y+z<lO(2)
Th lai c<i : ndu o e N thi a3 <:]nia cho 9 c<i sd
du le 0, 1, 8, Vdy (x + y * z)3 chia cho 9 cri sd
drr li 0, 1, 8.
Til (1) suy ra ffi chia 9 crj s6 du la 0, 1, 8
hay x * y 4 z chiag cci sd du la 0, 1, 8 (3)

TII (2) va (3) suy ra x *Y *e : 8 hoac 9.


* x * y * z = 8+ (x *Y i z)3 : 83 : 512 :

(5+1+2)3

* x *y *z : 9
= (x *y * z)3 :
(7+2+9)3VayW--512

93

729

+lc-al <2lal +zlul +zlcl.

Suy ra c6c ddu bing phAi xdy ra, hay :


o6 < 0 ; 6c ( 0 ; co < 0 (5). Tt (4) va (5),
ta c6 : ab = bc : ca = O hay hai trong ba s6 o,
6, c phAi bing 0. Kdt hgp v6i (1), ta cci sd cdn
lai ph6i bang + 1.
Di6u ki6n dtr : thay cdc gS5' tri (+1 ;0;0),
(0 ; a1 ; 0), (0, 0, +1) chob6ba(a ; b ; c) vdo
ding thrlc dangx6t, ta drloc c6c d&ng thrlc dfng
v6i moi x, !, z R. VAy, dd ld cdc gi5 tri cdn
tim cria (a; b ; c).
NhQn x6t. Cric bdi d6u giii dring, tuy nhi6n
cbn nhi6u bei giai chrla gon, mOt vii bii qu6n
n6u di6u ki6n dri. Ldi gi6i t6t gdm c6 :VuTlung
Abru (Quynh Hoa, Quj'nh Phu, Thrii Binh),
Nguydn Thanh Hod.i (9T, PTTH Lam Sdn,
Thanh H6a), Pham Tharuh Vd.n (7H, PTCS
chuy6n Hni Phdng), La Quang Nd.m (9 Todn,
Drlc Phd, Qunng Ngei)
oANc vrPN

Gid.i uir.bi|n luQn phuong


sau theo tham s6 a
x3 gxz + 3(o + t)x (a * 1)z g

BldiTglzlz.

Nhan x6t. C<j rdt nhi6u ban giAi drlng bii


niry. Cdc ban sau ddy ctng cd ldi giai tdt :
Nguydn Thi Thrly,8T, NK ThuAn Thdnh, Hd
Bic-; Le Tidn Dat, Chuy6n V-! Thrrdng Tin,
Hd Thy ; Tfd'n Ngqc Thanh, Pham Qudc
Chinh, gq NKBim Som, Thanh H6a;Hit.Van
Thd.nh,10 Li, Phan BQi ChAu, NghQ An ; Tfd.n
Hod.i ThuotuS, 9, NK Ha Tinh ; Tluong Vinh
Ldn, 9CT, Xudn Ninh ; NguYdn Vi|t Thanh ;
8C, LOc Ninh ; Tfd.n. Dtlc ThuQn, g/1, Nam Li,
Quing Binh ; Nguydn DtTc Linlt,8, NE Vinh
Linh, Quln gTYi ; Vu Drtc Phi, 9l Nguy6n Du ;
Nguydn T(in Thi)n,9A, Thttong Cdng Dinh,
TP Hd chi Minh'
rd NGUYEN

trinh

Ldi gini : (Cria cdc ban D6 Minh Hoitng 97:,


Bim Son, ThanhH6a, Nguy6n ThanhNgo,9t
Thdn Ddng Ninh, Nam Dinh, Tfd.n L Nam.9"I
Le Khidt, QuAng Ngdi, NguydnViQt Dtrng,9T,

Phan B6i Chau, NghQ An.


X6t a * -1. Nhdn hai v6 vli (a * 1) ta drroc
(a+l)x3 - ex2p+t1 + 3x(a+L)2 - (o+1): = 6

*-ax3+(r-a-113=g
*x3r[a:a*t-r
r(1 +3r[o)=o+1

atl
x=#=3{;z-3{r-+1
r{o *
1

Y6i a = -1 phrrong trinh trd thdnh

Bdi T21212. Tim tdt cd s6 thr,tc a, b, c dd


lax +by +czl *lbx +cY +azl +
+lcx *-ay * bzl : lrl + lyl + lzl lil dd.ng thtlc
ding Yx, y, z e R

x3-gr2-o*r:o,r=3
Nhan x6t : Cdc b7nLuong Hftu ThuQn,7,
Nghia Hinh, QuAng Ngdi, Tluong Vinh Ld.n,
9 Tbdn, Qutng Ninh, QuAng Binh, D6 Hbng
Soz, 9l Lam Son, Thanh H<ia cring cci ldi giAi

Ldi gi6i : Di6u kiQn cdn : do ding thrlc dring


v6i mgir, !, z e R n6n vdi cAc gi6 tri (1 ; 1 ;
1), (1 ;0;0), (1 ;-1 ;0) ctra (x;Y; z),tac6
hQ phrtong trinh :

tdt. MOt sd b4n srl drlng k6t quA cria bii T812OB
hodc ding phr:ong phap giai phuong trinh bic
ba tdng qirat cring cho kdt quA dring nhrrng

c5ch lim niy ddi vd khdng phr) hop v6i y6u cdu
cho c6c l6P PTCS'
DANG HUNG rHANG

B,di T4l2l2. Hinh uu6ng ABCD c6 canh


don ui. Trn canh AB uit AD chqn hai didm M,
Nsoo cho chu ui tam gidc AMN bartg 2. Chung

minh rdng hai tia CM, CN chia duitng cheo


BD thd.nh ba doan thd.ng md. dO ddi ba doan
nd.y lQp nAn tam giac uuOng c6 diAn ich khOng
lon hon

_.:. 1
\2 + l2)t

BdiTilzlz.T?ong mat ph&ng cho hai hinh


binh hd.nhABCD uirAB'C'D'c6iinh D chung.
Ching minh rang hai tam gid,c AB'C uitA,BC,
c6 ci"tng trong tdm.
Ldi giai. Goi M vi N ldn ludt la trung didm
cl&a cdc doan th&ng DB' vd DB, vd, G : BM fi
B'N (ndu D kh6ng thu6c drrdng thing BB'). D6
thdy ring BM ld dudng trung tuydn chung cria
hai tam gtr6c DBB', A'B C' vd B'N ld trung tuye"n
chung cria hai tam giric DBB', AB'C. Vi vAy hai
tam gi:ic AB'C vd A'BC'cci cring trong tdm G
vdi tam giac DBB'.

Ldi giai : X6t ph6p quay ,Bf0' theo chi6u

A'

kim d6ng h6, ta c6 : B -D ; L vu6ng CBM


A vuOng CDM', n6n A, D, M' thing hdng vd
BM-: DM' ; CM = CM'. Ta c6 ; NM' = ND +
DM' = ND + BM : AD + AB - (AN * AM) :
2 - (Z - MN) = MN. Kdt hop vdi CM' - CM,

=
N

-L

(-

Y-

. -\l/
-

2M

lt

BC
ta cci CN ld trung trUc cira MM',hay M, M'd6i
xilng v6i nhau qua CN. Ldy didm 11 tr6n tia
I,{M sao cho NI/ =.1[A h ca{.-ddi xrlng v6i
D qua CN (1) r,1n CHM = CDM' : 90o. M4t
khdc, MH : MN - N}r : NM'- NB : DM' :
BM ndn hai tam gi6c vudng BMC, HCM bdng

nhau (tr.h.2, A vu6ng). Suy ra H d6i xg.ng_vdi


B--wa CIV-LU.Tr) (1I vdJ2Lta c6 : EHF =
EHC + CHF : EBC + CDF = 45o * 45o :
90o. VAy L EHF vu6ng tai H. Tr) (1), (2) talai
c6 FH : FD ; EH : EB, vb. phdn ddu ciia bdi
to6n d5 drroc chrlng minh. Dat x - HF ; y HE ; S li di6n tich A HEF, tacci S :
Oo

|*r.

Z\[xy=2\[ZS

rtP-+T >a[xy:blzs.
Sry
>*y
*\t?Ttr
x
2(t + {Zl{s Ma
bing VZ vi bang BD, n6n {s
=

ra
vd trrii

#p=

<

vA

hay

suy ra dpcm.
(2 + 11z1z'
-,
NhQn x6t, Ldi giai tdt g6m cri : Mai Thanh
Binh (8M, Marie Curie, Ha N6i), Hod.ng Manh
Cuiltlg (9A, PTCS D6ng Mi - D6ng Hdi, QuAng
Binh), Nguydn Anh Tl^td.n (9T, Phan B6i ChAu,
NghQ An), Vu Tlung Bbn (94, Quj'nh Hoa,
Quj'nh Phr1, Thrii Binh).
oANc vIEN

Tlrrdng hgp D e (BB') thi hai drrdng thing


BM vit B'N trirng nhau nhung ta cflng d6 ddng
chrlng minh drroc ring cdc didm G, chia trong
doan MB vd G, chia trong doan NE' theo cirng

.1s6

ti

trung nhau, vi" do dd G, Gz: G chinh


=
7
li trong tAm cria hai tam gSac AB'C vd A,BC,.
NhAn x6t. 1) Cci rdt nhidu ban tham gia
giai bai todn tr6n nhrrng it dat didm tdi da.
Phdn ddng c5.c ban lAp luAn thidu chat ch6 vi
qu6n kh6ng x6t tnrdng hgp D thu6c drrdng
thing BB'.
2) MOt s6 ban st dung phrrong ph6p vecto,
ldi gini kha
ryn bing c6ch chrtng minh rang :

AA'+BB'*CC':A
Mat khdc. lai co :*
+

AA'+B'B+CC':3GG'

trong dci G vb, G'ldn lrrot ld trong tAm cfia c6c


tam giric AB'C vdA'BC', Tr) dd suy ra G' G.
=
3) Cac ban sau dAy cri ldi giai tdt : Mai ?hinh
Hi6p, 98, Nga Hii, Nga Son, Thanh Hcia,
Hodng Mpnh Crrdng, 91, D6ng Mi, Ddng H6i,
QuAng Binh, Nguy6n Anh T\rdn, g! phan B6i
ChAu, Ngh6 An, Dodn Minh DrJc 8D chuy6n
Quj'nh Phu, Thai Binh, Tbdn Thi Ngoc Hai, 9T,
LO Khidt, QuAng Ngdi, Ltrong Hrlu ThuAn, Z!
Nghia Hhnh, Qu6ng Ngii, Ng6 Drlc Khrinh,
10A, LO Thriy, Qu6ng Binh, Tfrrong Thudn,
11A, Ca Mau, Minh Hii, Tldn Qud Ldrri, 11!
p1o D_uy T,t, Qu{1sB1n!, \syvon L6 L1rc, 9A1,
Ddm Doi, Minh HAi, T[dn Dic Anh, 9T, Nen'g

3. Do khdng hidu ring, sd nguy6n t6 16 p


trong bii ra li sd cho trd6c, n6n kh6ng it ban
d6 cho ldi giAi sai.
N(;trYiN rHAc rr,ttrurt

khiSu Hn Tinh, Vri Thanh Ttr;g, 8T, Ddng


Hrlng, Thrii Binh, Nguy6n Hitu Cudng, 10T,
DHSP Ha Nqi 1, Tbdn L6 Nam, !)T. L0 Khidt,
QuAng Ngdi, NguySn Th6 Vfr, fttj, D6ng Son,
Thanh Hcia, Th Thi6n Tbdn, 118. !\dn Nguy6n
Hen, HAi Phdng.
NGTTYEN DA},i; PI{AT
B,di TSl2l2

Ching ntinh rai,4, tbn tai cac


!, z th.6a ntrtrt dang thtlc :

r* 1y)'- zP
p ld' m.Qt s6 nguYAn ''t ld.

cci dang

[*2
t'

lf

rz0'-l)ll'-1+t111

vip nguy6n t6 n6n m j : 1 (modp)


(theo Dinh li
nh6 I ecma) ::)
lp - l1r,P-t + 1 : 0 (ntodp) + tirti tai k N*
sao cho (p - l)nl- t + 1 : kp. Bdr rhd, tt (1) ta
thdy, khi chgn rr,*, : nt thi ta ,.i. cci n + 1 sd
Yi n1.p

nguyon duong xl, x2, ...,

x,,

f(rt

r l6n nhdt
> f4) > fk)
a) x 2 J z
> *2 > y'z.N6u e > 0 thi x >- ! > z >- o
-22
- f(y):
-x2>y2> ,2*x'Z:!2:22+f(x)
-fr'z)+x:!=2.
Ndur(0+O>x>J2z--->
,.1 <y2 <22-x2:!2=22x=y:2,
Ndur > 0 > z.K}ri d6 y2 : f(z) < f@) : a
+o > 0. Lai cdz2 = f(x) > f(Q1 - s +

+... +rrtf = r,,+t.


Th4tviy,chotrxt: x2=
rrtr'-l

= fG)

KhOng giArh tdng qu:it giA srr


>-

,\nP

= fttl

l'2 :

+r!

tL

- llT

Nguy6n Binh Khi6m, Vinh Long) X6t him


f$) = F +P +t *a c6 f'61= $,sz +2t +1 > 0
d,o d6 f(t) ld hdm d6ng bid-n. H6 phrrong trinh

D6 Quang Tlto, Tlinh H{tu Tiu:';: - 10T Lam


Son. Thanh IJ:6a; Duong Vd.nY"': - 10T Phan
B6i Chdu, NghQ An ; Tfd,n Ngr'',"2n Ngqc vi
Ng6 Duc Thitnh - A,,10T CT D}j'iH Ha NQi) :
Tb chrlng minh Bdj tod.n tdng gi'Ilf sau '. "Cho
n N* vi sd nguy6n td p th6a tririn di6u ki6n
rul p. Ching minh rii,ng, tbn tai ' ,tc sd ngu.yn
duong x1t x2t ...t xrt, xrt*l th,6a mt; ;, dong th,ilc :

J,r(r *r! + ... +ttl =

phuang trinh

c6 m.Ot nghiQm duy nhd.t.


Ldi giai : (ciab4n Th.ai Minh.Hod.ng

Ldi giei @ia Nguydn On1, |i:'ttl' - 9T Tbdn


Dang Ninh, Nam Dinh ; NguYit: Nggc Htng,

rtir

!2:zl+22+z+a
z2:x'l+x2+x+a

sd nguy1n duong x,

trong d6

iT7l2.l2. Ching minh.


*2 = y, +y2 +y +a

--->f(x)

=-rl"(rl"-1)2<0v6li.

xtt+t -. rzl th6a man

VdykhdngxAyrax>0>2.
b) x > z 2 Y +72 > Y2 > 12
Ttrong tu nhu tr6n nd.u I >- 0 hay r <

y6u cdu cira d6 bdi.

Dac bi6t, cho n = 2 vd p li s* irguy6n t6 16,


bai
to:in tdng quat ta cd Bni tr,,,i.n da ra,
tt
Nh4n x6t : 1. MQt sd b4n cht: ring kdt qui
cria Bai torin tdng qu6t ndu tr6n v in kh6ng thay
ddi khi thay di6u ki6n "z N*, i:, lii nguyan fi
ud. n1 p" bdi di6u ki6n "2, p N* t i (n, p) = 7" !
2. Ngoni cdc ban di n6u t6n t: i r6n, c5c ban
sau dAy cring cci ldi giai t5t : l''gd D*c Duy,
Phant Dinh Tluitng fil Ct Tr,"in Phii, Hei
Phdng) ; Tfd.n Tidn Dung (10T'. Amsterdam,
Ha Ngi) ; Nguydn Ba llitng, LA';'td.n Anh (I0
CT, DHTH Ha N6i) ; Ph.am ,\t:h Ttud.n, D6

tasu.ytax:!:2.

Ndur > 0 > y +xz : f0) < f(0) : a


/ = f(x) > f{0) = o. Ndu r'ir, th\x > z
> {a -x2 > z2-x2: !2: " z'2*x = ! = z

trdivdix>0>y.
Ndu z . - {; li luan nhrr a) ta ddn ddn
mAu thudn.
Vay hg cri nghiOm duy nhdt x. : Y : z = t,.
qd., {,, Ia nghim duy nhit cria phuong trinh

t't+t'*t*a:0.

Hbng Son, Nhu Qui Tho, Phar: Minh TLd'n,


Pha.nt Manh Quang. L Minh jjran (9T, 11T,
Lam Son, Thanh Hcja) ; Nguy{ri H6ng Chung
(10T, Phan BQi ChAu, NghQ Ant ; La Quang
Ndnu (9! Drlc Phd, QuAng Ngait : Nguydn Thi
Hd.i Ydn, L Arulr Vfi (ll Cl Quric hoc HUO) ;
Vu Dic Phi (9T, Nguy6n Du, Gb VdP, T.P'
HCM) vi,Nguydn La L4c (9A, D.{m Doi, Minh
Hai).

Nhfln x6t : C6c ban Phonr. Dinh Tl'uitng


11CT Hai Phbng, Nguydn Hodng Cdng llT
QuAng Ngai, Til Minh H d.i, ll D 6cLdc, N g uy 6n
Thanh Titng, 111 Ddng Thrip, Pham. Qu6c
Chfnh,9T Thanh Hcia cci ldi giai tdt. Rdt nhi6u
ban m5c sai ldm khi cho ring "kh6ng mdt tdng
>- z|-'
qudt cri thd gia s'(!. x >-

-y

DANG IIUN(} THANG

Bei T8i2l2. Cho day sd a,, dttoc

V4.y or+

I * an-,

dn: 7*"

2(1)

luaimoin>

Chnng ntinh.h rang

: | +2 (n -llrts4t1\ uoi nwi n 2 1.


:
rA ddy tal li pha.n ngulen cio a ud {
"l
a - [a] lit. phd,n phd.n cia a).
o,,

Ldi giai.
Th cci

(cira tdt cA cdc ban)

l-#]

*an-,

=--r.--.

hay

-l*a,,-l .

_l*a,,-l-

[---]n,
_l*e,,.1

"l--;-t] =r*on-t."1- * )+"


suYra'

,*o

s rn = 2+an-t" l-;=]
Yn>2.

<

Th chring minh

z+ t

bing phtiong phrlp quy nap.

Khin:1,tacd:
+2
-Zlr"ul,) : t : o, n6n (1) dung
..In : .(n
l'.

vdi

Gii srl (1) drlng vdin

k, t(tcld

0k = 1 + 2 ( k -2ltot$l) Oa,
thi o* = 1 + 2,7,' - !P) vA /
p < logrk <p * 1 * 2P < ft <

hcrp.

Khi dd

ak: l+2(k-2P) < k -'2P < k < k+ 1 "


+p <logr(k +1) < p-rl+

.u
?*o,
<k+
1*o*
r=
"+o<
[7.;]
Do

2P*t

llosz& + 1)l or

')])

ak:
Khi dd
ok = 1 +2(k

*a,.

2P)

k+h+! =

)P+1

2P)

2P+1

1-2llos2(k+l)l \

Bdi todn drroc chrlng minh.


Nhfln x6t : Cric ban sau ddy cri ldi giAi tdt :
Ngd Dic Thdnh, Nguydn. Bd. Hilng, Tl"d.n
Nguyen Nggc (A,, DHTHHN),DOng Thanh Hd.
(1iA CT DHSPHN1 ), L Dtlc (9,\ Ng6 Si Li6n,
Ha NOi), LA Van Manli ( 1 1CT Hda Binh), Phqm
Thy Hnng (1 1A Chuy6n Th6i Binh), Dd.a Xudn
Vinh, NguyAn Thi Hd.i Ydn, Cao Thd Anh, LA
AnhVu (QH HuO, TOn Thdt Th.ang (11Ar Le
Quy DOn, Di Nang), Nguydn L Luc (9A, Ddm
Doi, Minh HAi), Nguydn Hbng Chung (lOT
Phan BOi ChAu, Ngh6 An), L Qua.ng Nd.nt (9,
chuy6n Drlc Phd, QuAng Ngai), Cao Quydt Hie.p
(9T Nang khidu, Hoing Hcia, Thanh H5a),Nhu
Quj, Tho, Sao D6, Nguy1n Ngoc Hung, TYirult
Hitu I\'ung, LA Minh Hidu, Pham Minh Tifin,
(Lam Son, Thanh H6a), NguyAn Tlong Hda
(Phan Dang Luu), Pham. Dinh Ttuitng, Ng6
Dic Duy (Tt'dn Phu, HAi Phbng)
NC;TIYF,N

VAN

uAu

crto t* dien qua mOt didm O cho tntdc trong


khdng giart. Chrtng rninh rdng cdc duitng thang
A,Aj, BoBt, CrCt ua DnDrdbng quy.
Lbi giai. Goi G ld trong tAm trl di6n ABCD
vd O'ddi xfng v6i O qua G ; thd thi, theo giA
+

->
=OA+3OAo - OB*3OBo=
: o'c + Bico: o-b + son,,

=2+1+2(h-2p) = 1+2(k + 1-2p) = 1+


+ 2[ro&tk +
'Tfudng hqp 2 :

- 2 * au- (k + L) : 2 + I + 2(k :1+2(k+l -2P+1)

=o

ak+t:2*ao-&+ tlI u41 f=2+au

,(u:1

-l+h*rlL_ltl

thiSt ta c6 cac h6 thrlc sau :


+-:++--+++
(i) 2OO' = 4OG: OA-r OB + OC + OD
---+

vdY

*;1 :

Bii Tgl2l2. Cdc didm A,,, 8,,, C,,, Dn txong


ing lit trorug td.m cdt nnt BCD, CDA, DAB, ABC
ci,a tu die.ru ABCD. Ggi A,, 8,, C,, D, tuong tng
ld. cac didm d6i xing c{to cac dinh A, B, C, D

2'P+1.

Tbttdng hop 1 : o*.. k.

=2+ar_tk

p = llogrkl

Vi ou < k n6n cdn x6t hai tn/bng

>p

t = 2 + ax- (k+ 1) [ n

= 1+2(k+
\/

*an_r_

_7

1*a,

dinh

xd.c

bdiar:1ud.

p*1=[ogr(&+1)].

'6

hav
r+ li
(ii) 2oo' - -oA, + gOAo - -ObL * BObo =
- - on, + Boto - - ob, + Bo-b,
:

Cdc h6 thrlc (ii) niy chrlng t6 ring c6c dudng


th6ng AAr,BoBt,CoC, vir DoD, d6ng quy d
didm O', chia ngodi c5c doan thing trrong tlng
theo ti s6 1/3 :

q04dqoDol
oEr- d4- rer- o'4- 3

N<ii khrlc di la,

tu

".i"

tf

trr dion A,brCrD, trdirfpfiO$'vi

tAm O',

.1

ti

sd

i,

I{N :- HE zHN HE BM
- ME- btw* BC - DM- DM-

diQn A.BoCoDo la binh yi

ttft3,

trong dd O' ddi xrlng vdi O qua

trong tArn G cira trl diOn ABCD.


NhQn x6t. 1':') Cci nhi6u ban tham ga g:.ei
bdi to6n niy ; tuy nhi6n phdn d6ng c6c ban
kh6ng sr1 dung phrrong ph6p v6cto hodc khdng
srl dq;g do dai dai s6 n6n nhin chung ldp ludn
thiSu ch4t ch6. Crlng tdt d.6lrg ti6c, c6 mQt ban
sai : LdY
sit dung v6cto nhdn*

Y"*,*ih

didm A2, xdc dinh bdi OG = iOAz rdi chrlng


+
--)
minh A,y'r: AtAn tt dd kdt lu6n A.14, di qua
didm Ar. Di6u niy dring, nhttng tr) d<i L<hdng
thd kdt"luAn .B.,,B1, C.,C, vd. Dp, d6u di qua
suY lu6n-trrong trr M )'
A,bing
2o; COnB cri thd stt dung phrrong phap bidn
hinh dd giai bii to6n tr6n. Thdt v6y, ph6p d(ii xting
t6m O chinh la ph6p vi tVV;r, tAm O, ti s6 -1'
X6t ph6p d6ng dang Z ld tich cira ph6p d6i xrlng,

=+IIN:

BH
HA

BH.BC

N ld didm c5 dinh vd ta crj dPcm.


Nh4n x6t
1. Bai nhy drloc cdc ban gili bing nhi6u
crich. S5 d6ng gini rdt ddi'
VQy

2. Cdc ban sau day giai dring vi ng6n gon


Vu Ngqc Duong,8 to6n cdp II nang khi6u Th6i
Nguy6n, B6c Th:ii ; LaVan Manh 11CT PTTH
C[uy6n Hodng Ven Thu, Hda Binh ; NgO Van
:

Sang, gA THCS Chu Van Ar,, L.Dic, 945


THCS Ng6 Sy Li6n, Mai Thanh Binh, Tfd.n
Anh Son, Nguydn T!"ung Tli, D6 Duc Hanh 8M,
Mari Quyri, L Thirnh No,m. 9A, Bd Van Dan,
Tfd.n Bd.ng 9H Tlung Vtlong, Tid.n Hd.i Son,
10A DHTH, Nguydn DuY Titng, 10A1 THCB
Hodn Kidn, Tfd.n Minh Anh, 10T1 He NQi Amsterdam , Vu Tltd.nlt T?ung, PTTH Nguy6n
T)d| Nguy1n Sy Phong, Phan Linh, 94, PT
chuy6n NN, DQrLg Thanh Hd 11A CT
t6nr O vA phdp ti tU f;l/3 t;irn G, ti s6 - i
DHSPHNI, Vo Quynh Anh, 9CT, Nghia Thn,
ry
tr-l/3
Chi Vuong,l0A PTTH Li6n Hd, Ddng
Nguy1n
.V-l
L tt
'(,
NQi ;Ngzy6n Xud.n llit'o, l2A PTTH
Ha
Anh,
R6 rdng ld ph6p ddng dang Z ndy bi6'n tf
Nguydn Anh Hoa, DQng ViQt
Ng6
Quydn,
di6n A,BrCrD, thdnh trl di6n A,,8,,C,,D,, vd Z
Cudng, Nguy6n Thanh Nga 9T, Nguydn llbng
(-1)
x
k
s6
ti
tU,
vi
Dang Ninh, T?d.n Dtc Quybn
ph6p
mQt
Dung,8I'Trdn
Ia
. 1, : 1 _Do dd citc drrdng thing 10A1, LO H6ng Phon g, Phsm Thanh Hdi 1OAl,
( -; ) ;
PTTH Hd Nam, Nam Hd ; Tfdn Hoitng ViQt,
vl
tim
quy
6
11A PTTH Chi Linh, HAi hrrng ; Tiuong Trang
d6ng
vd.
D.,D,
A,rA1,BoBy,C.C,
Khanh 10CT, Vinh L4c, Vinh Ph:6; Pham Dinh
tvo'.
Tfuitng, Ngo Duc Duy tlCT, PTNK Tldn Phri,
NGI]YEN OANC; PHA
HAi Phbng ; Philng Thanh Tilng 9CT TX Thei
10A PTTH NguY6n
Bei T1O/212 : Cho tam gid'c ABC cd'n 6 A' Binh, ?b Thi Bich Hq.nh Tfd.n Ngqc Than h,
Son,
Hbng
D6
Hd
My
HuQ,
;
mQt
TrAn AB ld.y mQt d.idm. D ttit. b1n BC ta ld'y
Thanh Hod,i, 9T, Lam Son, Thanh
didm E sao cho hinh chidu cfia DE lan BC bd'ng Nguydn
Hria ; Nguydn Anh Dung 11A DHSP Vinh,
g6c
udi
uudng
dudr'g
rd.ng
minh
Nghe An ; Nguydn Anh Ttud.n B, Tfd'n Tin
i U" Ching
Giang, gT NK Hn Tinh ; Hod.ng manh Cudng,
DE tai E luOn lu6n di qua mQt didm cd dinh'
91 CII D6ng MY, QuAng Binh ; NguYdn Dic
Ldi giai : (Mai
Linh, 8 NK Vinh Linh, QuAng Tr! ; La Minh
Drlc Khoa, 12A, Ba
Tfudng, Cao Thd Anh, LDCT Qu6c hoc Hud;
Dinh, Ng. Sdn,
Tbn. Thdt Thd.ng, 11A1 PTTH LG QUY DOn,
Thanh Hria)
QuAng Nam - Dd Neng ; Tfd'n La Nam,gT, Le
GliM,II ldn luot
Khldt, QuAng Ngei ; Til Minh Hd.i ; llCT
li hinh chidu vu6ng
PTTH Bu6n Ma ThuQt, DicLic; Dit'rt Khd.nh
gric cria D vi A tn
IIdo, 10T LuongVan Ch6nh, Phf YGn ;Nguydn
BC, goj giao didm
Thd.nh Tfung, 11T PTTH ChuYOn Binh
cta drrdngthingqua
Thuin ; Nguydn NhQt Nam, 11A, Vrlng Thu,
E vu6ng g6cv1iDE
Ba Rla - VOng Tb:u, Nguydn Hod.ng LQc,IOCT
vd atrang thang AII li N. Th 6 L6 H6ng Phong, Vu Dtlc Phti, gT Nguy6n Du,
BH = ME = ln-BC +9M = HE
Gb Vdp, TP Hd Chi Minh ; Luu Bdo Linh,llll,
knac fllfE = MED (ctrng Phu v6i Tfrrong Dinh, Gb C6ng Ti6n Giang ; Nguydn
-UAt
Td.n inh Khoa, 10T'ChuyOn Nguy6n Binh
HEI,I)
(trudng
d6ng
hgp
Khi6m, Vinh Long ; Nguydn Thanh Tttng, LIT
Do dci L HNE ^ LMED
PTTH SaD6c, Ddng Th6P ; T?uong ThuQn,
d4ng cria A vu6ng).
1

llA, Le Chi Nguydn,

BdiL2t2t')

10A, Chuy6n Phan Ngoc

Hidn, Cd Mau ; Nguydn La L+tc 9A1 THCS


Ddm Doi, Minh HAi.
vO xru lr{(rY.

Voi macli dien uA


chi ct;,t uOn kd

bAn, sd

ld,SOVnhung;itKrmd,
td 27V khi t ti d6ng
ngat K' td.2.1\' hhi chi
d6ng 2 ngol K1K2, lit

B.diLU2t2
MQt bd.ng chuy'n nghidng nrQt goc ct so uoi
phuong ngang, dang chuydndQngu,,xudng duoi.

18V khi tling

MQt hbn garh niim trn bang chuybn uit. duoc giu
yen bd.ng mQt soi dd.y buQc c6 dinh d ddu trn
hinh u0. Ngudi t@ cdt d*t dny. Tinh cOng cia
Irlc nw sat td.c dung l.An ltbn gach cho ddn thiti
didnt hdn gqch dgt duoc udn t6c u,, cila bang
chuybn. Cho h4 sd rua sat giila uiAn gach uirbang
chuybn lit. p, hhdi luqng cira uin gach lit nt

cd.

KF{s. Bit)t kh.i d6ng KrKl{, bidn trd


3=

4,8Q uit tsubn. din phat cdng sudt 270W.


1) Tinh E. r ud. gid. tri ntoi diQn trd ngoiti

2) Nhich {on chay C d Rt sang pltdi hay


sang trai d.d ,,tng sudt ntach igoiti gid.m.
Ldi giai. Khi ddng K.K;K3, cr5 dbng chinh
qua ngu6n

18**,
18*4*
18 18 (1)
t"'=TE - i8
,i-= o"
4s

24 24 24
I"=Er-V=U+",*iQ)

trong
quy chi6u g6n v6i mat ddt. Tbong he quy
chidu niy vi6n gach chigtrie dgng cria ba luc :
trgng lgc P, phAn IJrc N ctra bing chuy6n vd
luc ma s5t trrlot 4r.r. Hqp lltc cria chring sE
truydn gia tdc cho vi6n gach lim t6ng vdn tdc
cfia nri trl 0 ddn u, (hinh ve). Ap dung dinh li
Ta hey x6t chuydn d6ng ctia vi6n gach

!'

dQng

n6ng

_.8272727
t'--v
;=4+q(3)
Khi Kl mr;. ddng chinh qua ngudn

ilo 30
I - -E
;@)
rrKu

Ttdd 41"'- 8.f,,= Er = tS*E = l;r


F
: 2t6
91'," - gI', =
14'49
r
R2 -Rz =

An*Ao^,-mgh *

F-"s

'-->mgssitut

LWa

LOI'

1,ntui

=2

* pmgco* = muj
2

.O

SuyraS =
2g(sina * pcow)

A-"ll

"."

FJo,

c-

8r,,, = ,

e .f)

r : 2,4{2 vA R, : l2e)
Vi khi K,K{. dcing cri -R. :
Tt

27a

.--+

dd

l8V

4,8f,) vir

= f,rr6, mach ngodi dat c6ngsudt

crrc d?i. VAy cho con chay C sang trrii hay sang
phAi, c6ng su{t mach ngodi ddu gi6m.
Nhgn xdt. Cdc em cci ldi giai t6t: Nguydn

pcow)

ntu2

= 36Q

{Ir,

pmgcosa . uj

2g(sina

827
- 9I = r=.i3r-Et=18el

Tb cd p,,1'

ul

AF-" =

24

Khi chi drir-rg K, dbng chinh qua ngudn

hQ

P+tgd

Drtc Phuong, 10L, PTTH Ha

Nh4n x6t. Cric em cri ldi giai t6t: Tb Huy


Cuitng, 11A1, PTTH chuy6n Thrii Binh ; Moi
Thil Hirng 1 1CT Dno Duy Tr), QuAng Binh, Doo
L; l2A PTTH chuy6n Th6i Binh ; Luong Vdn

NOi

Amsterdam ; Tit Minh HAi,l1CT, PTTH Bu6n


Ma Thu6t, Daklak ; Hoitng Thitrth Ngqc, 1lCL,
PTTH Luong V6n Tuy, Ninh Binh ; Luu Bdo
Linh,11/1, PTTH Tfriong Dinh, Gd C6ng, Ti6n
Giang ; Mai fhA Hilng 1lCT Ddo Duy TrI,
QuAng Binh.

Thudng, 10L, PTTH chuydn Nghe An ; Nguydn


I{6ng Minh, Bo10Ao PTCL, DHTH Ha N6i.
oK.

MT

!
'fi

Khi chi d<ing KrK, dbng chinh qua ngudn

Hudng d6n giai

rulQt

Sd DA[{G rnAC CUn gil tOAt't "@0n {Bttnrn".


PHAN NAM HUNG
(Qud.ng Ned.i)

Chic nhi6u ban tr6 y6u torin d6 drrgc lim

I
I

ii

duimg thd.ng niry cd.t hai dudng ch6o AC


keo diti tai M uit, N.
Chtng minh IM = IN

bii

torin "Con budm". TYong bai vidt


nav tOi mudn dtloc trao ddi bang nhtng lAp
ludn hop l!, ta c6 thd di d6-n mQt k6t quA manh
hon kdt quA ctra bii to6n "Con bu6m"
Tlrrdc h6t ta xudt ph6t til bai to6n "Con
brl6m"
Bhi to6n 1. (Bai to6n con budm).
Cho n&t duirrtg trin tdm O uit ddry cung
MN ; Gqi I lit trung
didnt crta ddy cung
d6. QuaI tahi haiddy
cltys !t!ac_td. !!.uo. r
CD. Ndi AD uir BC hat
dal,cung nity ldn luot ti
cat MN toi P ud Q
Ching minh IP =
rQ.
Giai.
TitO tahaOK t CBvir.OL L ADN6iOP
vd OQ.
D6 thdy t{iec OIQX-nQi tidp drrgc dudng
trdn, vi vdy IOQ : II(Q (1)
Trtong trl, OIBL ct1ng li trl giric n6i ti5p, vi
vdy : IOP : ILP tZ)
Nhung ta lai ccj L CIB - L AIO vd tr)
quen vdi

Giii

tt

: i6il

Biri to6n 3.
Cho ttl giar ADCD nQi ti6p dudng tritn tdm
O ; goi I ld. giao didnt. hai cqnh d6i diQn AD ud
BC h1o diri ; qua I, d4ng dtitng th&ng d uu6ng
gdc udi OI ; Canh DC ud. AB heo ddi Lan lua
cat d tai M ud. N.
Ching minh IM = IN

"Cho trl g16e ADBC neri tidp dtrdng trdn tAm


O ; gc,i.I li giao didm hai drrdng ch6o CD vi
AB, MN li m6t dtrirng thirng vu6ng gdc v6i OI
tai I ; P vi Q ldn luc,t la giao didm cria hai c4nh
d6i di6n CB vi DD vdi MN. Chfng minh

Giii:

IQ".
so

BD vd AC bii hai canh ddi di6n cbn lai lh. : DC


v?r AB t6i cci bni torin 3.

Tbi cd thd ph6t bidu dudi d4ng bai to6n sau

tr6n

Ndi OM v6i ON ; Tr] O ha OH r BD va


OK L AC r6t trl gi6c IHON c6 I vit H cilng
nhin ON v6i mQt goc-:apnt clyrrl6n ttl giSc dci
ndi ti6p viy ta c6 : IHN = ION (1)
Trtt-ng trJja-gtng cd ttl giric IKOM nOi ti6p
+ II(M : IOM Q')
Th,lai cd L IBD vd A,IAC cri gr5c / clqtg vn
B = A (gtic n6i ti6p cirng ch6n cung DC:) cho
ndn A .IBD L IAC md OH L BD va
OK L AC + H vd K lir trung didm cira cdc
canh BD yiAC cho n6n L IHD - L, IKC +
IHN = IKM B)
(1) ; (2) vn (3)
i6rt
o'i,
OI t MN + IM = /N (d.p.c.m)
Ndu trong bii torin 2 tdi thay hai drrdng ch6:

t CBvdOL L ADchon6nKviLldn
ludt la trung didm cira c6c dfur.cgLngC!=qAAD
cho non L CIK ^ L AIL *AQ - ILP G)
Tt (1), (2)yL(3) taco QOI = POIhaY OI
ln phin gec QOP ma O1 L PQ cho n6n -IP =
OQ (d.p.c.m) hinh - 1.

Cric ban chri y n6i dung bii tod.n


bdi todn 1 kh6ng cri gi thay ddi.

BD

NIM

OK

IP =

u?t.

vdi

NI,IM

Nhrrng t6i nghi ta cd thd ddi vai trb hai


drrdng ch6o thAnh hai canh ddi di6n cbn hai
canh ddi din thdnh hai dudng chtio - thi c<i
bhi torin sau.

Bhi todn 2

Cho tt? giac ABCD nQi tilp dudng trbn td'm


O ; gqi I lit. giao didm cfi,a hai canh d6i die.n
AD uit. BC hio dit,i tdi'Au kiQn AB * CB) quo I
ta d.1ng duang th.ang d, uuOng g6c udi OI ;

kem tiep tra,ng 15;

Vn. >- 7 (re N) Chfng minh


khOng bi chan.

ring

d6y sd (.tn)

TRANfr,Y*}BANG

Bai T9/216 : GiA srl M li m6t didm bdt ki


nim trong rn6t trl di6n gdn d6u ABCD. Ha
MM,, MM-.,, MM , vd, MM o ldn ltrot vudng gcic
(ABCt.
(CDA:, (DAB)

Bli

-)t
^. D''
SO

vd
v6i cric mat tBCDt,
Goi r vD. P ldn lrrot Ia b6n kinh mat cdu n6i tidp
vd bdn kinh dudng trdn ngoai tidp m5i mdt cria
trl di6n ABCD. Chring minh ring :

CAC LOP THCS


Tl/216 : Tim 6 cht s6 tAn cirng cira

ilMff+M4+Mlvrt,+Mtu4>

DANG HT]NC].fF,tANG
(IId Nai)

>
,r
otv

Elni TZl2lS : GiAi Phuong trinh


(x + 2)2 + (x *3)3 + @ + 4)4 : 2
-r't
tot Nc;Qc ANU

Bai T101216 : Gii srl P ld mOt didm tr)y y


nim trong L ABC vd a , p, 7 li dd l6n c5c gcic
c:ia LABC.Ki hi6u Rt, Rz, Ri la khoAng c6ch
trl didm P tdi circ dinh vd rt, tz, r.lir khoing

Biri T3/216 : Chfng minh bdt d&ng thrlc


3

crich tr) P t1i c6rc canh ctta L ABC . Chr.'tng rninh


bdt ding thrlc :
Rl .sin2a + Ri. sin2P + l?]. sin27 <

NCiT}YF]N DI]
(Ildi Phnng)

Bei T4l2fG : Cho hai taru glac ABC vit

3(r? + ri + rZ)
Khi nio dat drrqc ddu ding thrlc.

<

AB'C' trong dd B : B', A * A' : l8U'.


Chrlng minh

ring

(a+b)(a'-b')="c'
@ : BC, b = CA, c : AB, a' :
:
b' C'A', c' = A'B'v6ia' > b'l

B'C'

I.IOANG DTI,C I'AN


@a Nai)

cAc ofi vAr

NGLTYEN DIJCTAN
(TP Hb Cht Minh)

R?
LI1,

et

tri di6n trd cria ddy n6i, khcia K vi Ampe


k6. Khi K ddng Archi 0,5A.
1) Xac dinh sd chi cria Al khi K dcing

qua gi6

scichi c0aA,

CAC LOP THCB


mQt s6 nguY6n td.
2P kh6ng thd bidu
vd m li c5c sd trr
dci
a
di6n dudi d4ng am trong
nhi6n vir nL > 7.

Bei T6/216 : Cho P ld


Chrlng minh ring sd 5p -

TRAN DUY HINH

vi

A" khi K rrrb.


Bidt ring -R
vd Rn c6 916, ta
nguy6n drrong.
Hai Ampe kdA,
vd A, cci 916 td
di6n
nhau

- trd

nhu

LAI THE HIN

(Btnh Dinh)

(Thdi Binh)

Bei fi/216 : Tim sd thrrc ft l6n nhdt sao cho

Bidi L2l2l6: Srlc cAn cria kh6ng khi ti le


v6i vAn tdc cira mdt vAt theo hQ sd ft. MOt vAt
rdi tt dO cao ft. xu6ng mdt thdi gian ld ro. Ngudi
ta nhAn thdy cflng vQt dy nhrrng drtoc n6m l6n
dQ cao h vdi vdn t6c u^ thi crlng mdt thdi gian
li t^. Chrlng minh ring r. vd u.li6n h0 v6i nhau
kh6hg phu thudc vd.o h.-

a3+b3+c3+kabc>+.*
*c=7,

.2
: l0V,r1 = 0, 2 : 5V, r, : b R'B6
2) X6c dinh

QUOC HAN
(Nsh An)

v6i mgi a, b, c > 0 th6a min di6u kiQn o * b

il

BAi L1l216 : Cho mach dien nhu hinh vo

BdiT51216: Goi (O, R), (1,,R") ldn ludt la


dtrdng trdn ngoai tidp vi drrong tfbn bdng tidp
gcic A cria A,43C. Chrlng minh rang

IA.IB .IC = 4R

< {,+

i{b oYi4Jy1,,lNri

(Qutin'; NEAi)

4{T--dI + 4{1 - o 4 +{1 .ul 4


v6i lol <

4f2cosA. cosB . cosC

NGUYEN MINH DOC


(Hd Nai)

NGUYEN LE DONG
(TP Hb Cht Minh)

Bai T8/216 : cho dEY s6 (r,,) th6a m6n


xr = | vi(n + lXrn + 1- xn) 2 l*xn
10

s,

PROBT.EMS

Ben c6 bida

IN THTS TSSUE

KI

FOR LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOLS.

T1/21E., Find the last six digits

numbet'5".
TZlzlE. Splve the equation
\x + 2)L * (r * 3)' + (r *

4]}"

T31216. Prove the inequalitY

of

the

=2

1.

T41216. Let be given two trizmglesABC and

A'B'C'such that B=B',A+A'

=180t'.

Prove that
(a + b) (a' - b') = cc'
(a : BC, b = CA, c : AB, a' = B'C',
C'-N, c' = A'B' ; suppose that a.' > b').

b' =

istzrc. Let (O, R) and (1, E,)

be

respectively the circurncircle and the exlcircle


(in-angle A) of the triangle A-BC" Prove that
IA.IB.IC : 4R.Rl
FOR UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOLS.

II = 357, XXHH F III : 2254,


HHHFAAAAIII:393,
FXXXFHHAA=8720,...
tong th6 ki thf III tnt6c cdng nguy6n, h6
HHH F f

TGl?l6. Prove that for every prime p, thg


number 5p - 2p can not be represented as o''',
where o and m are natural numbers, m > l.
T't1216. Find the greatest real number k
such that

a3+b3

Attic dd cung cdp cdch vidt s6 drroc goi ld


Ionian. C6c s6 tt 1 ddn 9 drroc ki hicu bdi
chin chit ddu cria chit cai Hi Lap :
a = l,F : 2,T = 3, 5 : 4,8: 5, I = 6,
:'7,r1
= 8, .9 : 9. cric sd tr) 10 d6n 90 drroc
e
ki hieu bang chin chr3 ti6p theo :

ki

+c3+ kabc>*.*

t=10, rc:20,,1 =30, p=40, , -50,


6=60,o=70,lz=80,1:90.
C6c sd 100 ddn 900 la chin chir cudi cirng
,P

fcosAcosBcosC;

T101216. Let P be an arbitrary point inside


the triangle ABC and a, f , T be the measures
of the angles of this triangle. Let f 1, Rz, R3
be the distances from P to the vertices and
t7, t2, r, be the distances from P to the sides
of ABC. Prove the relation :
Rlsinza + n)sinzP + Rlsinzy <

100, d

6OO,V

= 2A0,f
700, co

300,

400,

g=

NGUYEN CAo THANG

< 3(r? + rtr + r1).


When does equality occur

5OO,

800, )= 900
Cdc sd hdng nghin, hirng chgc nghin drroc
ki hieu nhtl tr6n, nhrrng th6m vdo dang trrrdc
ddu phdy hodc mdt sd doc. Vi du :
le = 5000, lco:800 000,..,
Ngudi ta ding m6t vach ngang d6t tr6n c5c
ki s6 dd phan biQt vdi chtr vidt. Vi dq :
TF : 12, p -- 45, @tty : 883
Tbong thdi dd, c5c loai ki s6 tr6n drrgc dirng
rdt nhi6u ndi nhu Arabs, Jews vi nhi6u ddn
tdc kh6c 6 virng CAn D6ng. Ching ai cri thd
bi6t n<i xudt xrl tt diu.

M4 M4

>
{,
=T.

s6

hG

for every a, b, c > 0 satisfying a * b * c = t.


'tgl2l6. Let be given o. sequence (r.) such
thatr, = 1 and (z + 1)(r--, -x-) > I *'x^,Vn
> I d N). Prove that'the sequence (i,.,) is
not bounded.
TS1216. Let M be an arbitrary point inside
an equifaced tetrahedron ABCD and let
M1, M2, M3, M4be the orthogonal projections
of M respectively on the faces (BCD), (CDA),
(DAB), (ABC). Let r denote the radius of the
inscribed sphere of ABCD and f denote the
radius of the circumcircle of a face of ABCD.
Prove that :
.+
d rurfi + M^frr. +

_r
o)p

ni Lap cd

Chrlng ta d6 biSt cri m6t s6 cdc h6 ki sd drroc


vidt theo c6ng c6c g16 td cric ki s6 cci mit trong
sd dci. Quen thudc nhdt li h6 ki sd La Ma. O
ddy, xin gidi thiQu vdi c6.c ban hai hQ ki sd nua
drrqc vidJ cirng theo phrrong phSp tr6n.
Hd Attic cta ki s6 dttoc srl drlng trong thdi
Hi Lap d. Cac s6 l, 2,3, 4 duoc ki hi6u b6i cac
vach drlng I, IL III, ruI. Sd 5 drroc ki hi6u ld I
(chfr crii ddu cria tit c6 pente - ndm doc ldpi) ;
Cric s6 6,7,8,9 drroc vi6t li f I, f II, f III,
f IIIi. 56 10 duoc vidt ld A (chri c6i ddu cria
deca - mrldi). Cdc s6 100, 1000, 10 000 duoc
ki hi6u la H, X, M cric chit ddu cl ,a c*c t6n goi
sd trrong rlng. Cac s6 50, 500 vd 5000 duoc cho
bdi td hop c6c ki sd 5 - 10, 5 - 100 vi 5 - 1000 :
F , F , F . C6c s6 cdn lai trong pham vi 10 000
drroc vidt drrdi dang cOng gi6 tri. Vi du :

+fi-_]+a.f1-;+aft+o<g
for lol <

SO

(TP Hb Cht Minh).


Srtu tdm

11

DENH

rf PT0r,Enrrfi rdnrc euar


NcurEN urun uA
(Hcii Phitng)

Dinh li Pt6lcme l:] dinh ti

ndri ti6ng rrong

: Arn; A
-Z: A,, - t
A2na1=A,,iA,n+,:Al

'Iiong dtl : A

hinh hoc plr:ing

Dinh ti I (Ptdlm) : Cho-AdBC n6i tidp drrdng trirn (0).

,11

li

nrilr didm thu6c cung itClkhrrng chiral). Khi tlri

hieu

Ptolenle . 'Iiong bli b6o n:iy t6i xin gi6i thiu m6r huring tiing
qu:it liti;r khic cria no.
IlSv cf xem dinh li I lir rlinh li Pt6lrn cho tam giric (nQi
tiip). V:iv crl hay khirng mot dinh li Ptdleme cho da gidc n6i
ti0p. Dei gi6i quydt vdn dE nly, tnttic h6t hdy bit dhu tit mQt
trur)ng hrtp drtn giin nri ta cir tlrd xeur n<i li dinh li Pt(ilemc
cho tla qi;ic dbu (niii tidpl v6i sfj c;rnh l.

i:I *-r,'

Dinh li 2 : Cho tla-gi5c dBu AoAt..A,) n6i tidp dut)ng


{rdn ((/) M lA mot di6m thu6c ,urrg 2,,7rn (kh6ng ctrira

(n.tu,,* , \ i
\ A,A,

Klri

t.
" z.
"':-n
-' ....
quayv6cto

g.cqrav-90o

2 n,o,*ri:d
1(i(n

dti:

Chri'ng minh

MA*

11

'Iiongd6ln I : A,; R*q'' h ph"p


t

,11:...;r11.-1)

2 *n*=2

'Itong dinh li tren cfing nhU trong cic dinh li riip rhco. ki
(Of Q') chi g(rc tlinh htlclng grita lrai til O.t. (]y
Dd.chitng nrinh rlinh li -1. rnrilc hdr ra phir hii'u vi chitng
minh bd db sau :
Bb dE 4 (Dinh li "Con nhinr"1 : 'liong m:it plilg ,f,4,
hU<lng cho da giitcArAr...Anvi h vctrJ tldn vi : ti.,er.i -n.
Xr{c dinh lthrt-sau :

All.MC+CA.MB=BC.tl[A
Nqdii ta cl6 tting qurit h6a ttinh li I rhdnh bdr ding thirc

Khi rlti

-1

-,

()<k<n
1(k(n
Chfi'ng minh : Viti moi i : 0- 1.....2n ta cti (h.1)

tt:. ru!:1iu+ffi,f
- v,t? + zoit . v)
()r4:
,

,,

=R-+lrtl+2()M.MA,
Stty

| t,A,*

'Ih crl (h.2)


1-<i(n

r++

r:i : \l-1: + zOM . MA. =

MA

.M.4,r:()M.w=O

= 2 n' n,r- I /t-rll' l,!l'''.


",;''n'
r<i<n

. )\4't)\z<
-'- ,tar MAau \\
-,

+ l(

M/:*-r.

, _l=}

) = l)

=z- = ^MA'r Nhil gi:r lhidt AoAt...,1,ol tta gi:ic tlbu n6i tidp dur)ng
tlrn (()) ta c6 :

^MA2k

\i- MA* _ \r MA1_1 )


>
MA:, -,
' '
u *7* nMA.o , *?* ,

uer*- r= a
> MAzr-)
-=o1*\
0<k<n
1(k(n

v4y:

=,\ ue*:Z
u<k<D

l(k(n

cu

(iA;+,)

= R-s' (24o,+,) ='. n-q'' (6 = ri


IIQ qui 5 : 'ILong mit phing tiinh huirng dro rlu gi6c
A1A/...AD n6i tidp dUdng trirrr (0) sao cho (_r niiru rrung

A1A)...AD. Khi d6
rl

ng A o A ro (khdng chita

A,

; ... ; A zn - t).

, Al,rl.rron*r

MA*_,

DiBh li 3 (Pt0l6m6 tbng qudt) : Tiong mdr phing tlinh


hLttirrg cho ,Ja giStcA,AS;.Arnnei tidp dtldng trdl (O). M lA
i6nr thudc

\.1 r

quiit hdn.

n''l' (A,A,*r.1r*;1,,:

1^<i(n^-or

"
oA)1 + ryl2tt
t,tr. o.ny+))'i t )Ar , o'

ltong d6lo :.1n

Dinh li 2 d5 drlc,c bhitng rninh. Tiong phdp chitng minh


rrn ta thdy ding thilc (*) dong vai trd quydt dinh. Nhdn xr
niy grli cho ta hu6ng phr{t bidu vi chirng minh m6t <finh li t6ng

rrr r^rt

Ao41:41
k

Chrlng minh : V6i nr6i


1.2...., n drfng cAc tlttrlng

thing d* tidp xric v6i 1O; tai

Ak

(h.3).
Br: dr O do +, (d
d, + t: dt)'

D4r

Gii sitR

llperooAr*+r))\M*

,21- ll
.n

l;

ro"* - t, oA,r-,)]

(oAzr

Th thdy

li

r, oA

r, + r))\ W

* -,
12

Bn

hlin kinh cta (O).

r=

, -l

{u l1<oe r-

16Aay,Bo+r=Br)

day

X6t cla giric B1Bz...BD

*,g

r",

t, oA

)f

*,gl)eer,(r,rk+D.l

Ap-tittng bd db 4 cho cla gi6c B1Bo...Bn

- oA2; ...;
OA1;

oA,

d6 ddng

nhfl

vi

6ng frfnh eal cach:eay

hC vdctc,

Nhd he qui 5 vA phudng


phdp ch(nrg minh dinh li 1, ta d6
ding chilng minh dr-tctc dinh li 3.
Vic thuc hi6n chi ridt xin denh
cho ban doc.
Dinh li 3 cir ching lA stl t6ng Il
.la
quht cia clinh li I hay kh6ng ?
h6y ki6ur tra rlibu d6. (h.4)
'I'heo dinh li 3 ta cci :

';
I ,sl g.tc,oB1]

L+

Hbi dm sau bdi bdo

"vol clrrlc niNc KIfrhr

_1

LTS : Toa soan Tap chl Tod.n hgc uit. TLdi


trd c6 nhQn duoc thu cia cdc tdc gid. Ngo
Thuc Lanh. V{r Ttud.n, Ng6 Xud.n Son trd ldi

..

ryl : eA,()c)f L MC
))
L4

.
- +,sl-l
' l,si-t
; luB. oA) ..1
I
; \oc. oB)lt)I Mu
L+
I L4
..
-t (uA.OC)l +,S I
- l,x L
l;
l()8.()A)llMA
I-q
.])
.l
I L4
C+B

vr5 P,d*c toen

ctrlclc hQ quA 5.

A+C

B+A

! kidn dd nAu bong biri bd.o n6i trn. Ddp


tng quybn duoc th6ng tiru nhibu chi'u cia

cac

ban dgc uit. thd theo yAu ciiu cila ba tac gid.
n6i bAn, dudi ddy chung t6i xin dang nguyn
udn bic thil d6.

C IB

-(,s z +ry 2)MC+(ry 2 +u;)ua


B+A
: f A+C
+u-f:1
ve
2t

"

f ir trr a6 d?ring suy ra :


sirtC

MC +

si1ffi

MB = sinA MA
BC .MA

Q,fri @ cndo ode

+AB.MC +CA.MB:

Nhrl vliy, rluc ti6u tran cllu cta ta di drldc thrlc hi6n. Tirv
nhin tt6 cho lroz'ur cirinh viin rlil dang x6t. xin gi6i thiu m6t
dinh li nita. N(r li srt trI(tng trt cr-ia clinh li 3 cho trding hctp ila
giae rroi tiep \ (-1i s6 u;rnlt ch:'itt.

T!ong's6 b5,o 213 thrlng 311995 ciia tap chi


Tb6n hoc vi tudi tr6 ban Ddo Tbudng Giang
(T4,c gid bdi "Voi crlng bdng ki6n') n6u thSc m6c
vd c6ch chrlng minh tinh chdt

ilinh ti 6 : Trn mit phing rlinh hrldirg cho rl;r giac


AoAi...A,n- , ntli tidp drldng tri)n (O) ,&1 in m6t didm thu6c
cungl.,l,n -, (kh6ng chit.-r1., . ...,1:n -:). Khi d(r
:

, .l

.t

;,",^-'' oA, )) ul1toe,..


,1
+> {, ryllQAro^z.oA2il
+
'^l
1't

u.t)lu,t,.

{ af@)d.x: a I

trong s6ch gi6o khoa GiAi tich 12 c&a nhcim tric


gie DI{SPHN1 (NgO Thric Lanh, Vr1 T\rdn, Ng6
XuAn Son).

t<r?nr.r t*
*u -l \oAtk uA.k+))lMA2k+
L,
. .I
* ,,
+
{ L i(oAr^- ,.o,t ^ -,t)
-1
* ,x
*:.oA t))l MA z" _ z
Li(oA2n
:

l}<",,

{a

+)

*z oA,)f *,g

.I

{'x liP'troLl

I ( k ( n - l(

'

*,r

.1

[;

(oA

*-

t.oA

zk

lf,1oe,,

Xin gini d6p thic rnSc nhrr sau :

o4))}MA

C-6ch chrlng minh trong SGK le hoin todn


drlng, Cri thd giAi thfch 16 th6m nhrr sau, do
dao him hai vdcira (1) beng nhau vd bdngafk)

n6n:

1) Vd

+
^'o'a ro_ tt)

)f]

MA r*

-,

cd. cd.c

-l
oA
e
{txl ooa,.oa ) )+ wl oPa 6- 1. ) )M r^-,
Dd ban doc hir3u rir ! nghia cda riinh li uiy xin ph;it bi6u m6t

qui don giin


HQ

(O). M
.16

mQt

(C la

rrha't cria no

qui 7 : Cho hinh vu6ng flCD

:ndi

trrii cira (1), theo dinh nghia, ld ho tdt

nguyn hdm

cia

hd,m sd af(x).

2) Ndu gqi F(x) ld m6t nguyOn hitm


ftic F'(x) = flx7) thi :

* . -1

f@)dx (o ;* 0) (1)

ti6p dudng trbn

hing

ln hing s6

MA-MD=(vz+t)(MB-Mq

sd tny y)

li m6t nguy6n him cria af(x) vd aC


tiy y (do a * 0) n6n hidn nhi6n

aF(x) + aC, trtc

Tir]6c khi k6t thfic xin nu m6t cAu h6i. Li6u cci hay kh6ng
cdc bdt ding thitc Ptdl6m tting qudt mA cdc ctinh li 3 vi 6 chi
ld trildng hgp cl3ng thiic cria chr'urg. Mong ban doc cirlg quan
tanr suy nghi vii vdn db nAy.

uA

phdi crta (1), cilng ld ho td,t


cia hd.m sd af(x) (D.p.c.m).

cd cdc nguyn hdm

HA

N)i

ngdy 27

- 4-

CAC TAC GIA

13

f(x)

I s61ax = alF(x) + cf = a\(x) + ac

Y\ aF(x)

clitln thu6c cung ZalmrOng ch(ta B, C). Khi

c{oa

199s

mf cnq-rvEu oAc urA

ro,iri HQC

PYTHAGO&E (P5g'AGO)
Pythagore (khoing 580-500 trudc CN)
ngrrdi Hy lap sinh d dAo Samos, m6t

giric ddu, l6t kd v6i nhtng hinh vu6ng vd hinh


luc gi6c ddu, c5c hinh dy d6u cri canh bing nhau
(xem hinh).

trungtim

thudng mai vd van hrja bdy gid, 6 trong bidn


Eg6e. Tuong truydn ltic trai trd 6ng tr)ng di
chu du thi6n ha dd hoc h6i cric n6n vdn minh :
sang Ai CAp hoc c6c tu si 22 r.im, di tidp sang
Babylone, d lai dAy 12 ndm, cd thd cdn dd sang
ci An Do. Tudi ngodi 50 6ng m6i trd v6 ch6u
Au dinh cu E Crotone, m6t hAi cAng vd trung
tAm vin hria, thu6c dia La Ma, d tAn ctng mi6n
Nam Italia. Tf,i ddy 6ng md trtldng day T?idt
hoc, Thdn hoc, Dao dric hoc, ToSn hoc. T[rrdng
tdn tai 30 n6m. \Ao thdi cudi, do vi nhtng biSn
d6ng chinh tri, x6 h6i cria phong trio qudn
chring ddi dAn chri 6 Crotone, tnrdng Linh sang
c6c thi trdn Tbrente, Metapont 6 gdn dd. Khi
tnldng ddi ddn Metapont thi cfrng vrla hic cao
trdo khdi nghia nd ra 6 ddy. Tfong m6t d6m
bidn dOng tnrdng bi ddt ch6y, cu gid Pythagore
ngodi 80 tudi chdt trong ddm hla. C6c m6n d6
cira tntdng v6 sau tAn m4n sang Hy L4p, md
c6c trtldng day chri ydu v6 sd hoc, hinh hoc, tao
n6n m6n ph6i Pythagore. Ho dd lai cho ddi sau
nhrlng thuydt gleng cria Pythagore, nhu trong
cl.c trl;6c tdc c:'ua Aristotdle, Platon, ... Cdn
Pythagore hinh nhrt kh6ng dd lai tnr6c illc gi.

Ong da ding phuong phrip hinh hoc dd


chrlng rninh rang tdng c6c sd 16 li6n tidp thi
bing m6t sd chinh phuong (1 + 3 : 4, I + 3 +
5 : 9, ...), hiCu g&acac binh phuongcria hai sd
nguy6n li6n tidp thi bang mOt sd 16 (22 - 12 :
3, 32 - 22 = 5,...). 0rg cdn nghi6n crlu vd c6c
da di6n d6u trong kh6ng gian ba chi6u, nhrr trl
di6n ddu, luc di6n d6u (kh6i lnp phttong), b5t
di6n d6u, v6 c6c ti s6, c6c cdp s5.
Cdng hi6n dec sic nhdt cta Pythagore v6
todn hoc ln da phrit hi6n vi trin trd cuOc khirng
hoAng thrl nhdt cira to6n hoc. Pythagore cci
quan niQm si6u hinh v6 cdc sd. Nhtt m6t nhd
ti6n tri crj thdn cAm Pythagore thuydt gi6ng
cho c6c m6n d6 ring cdc s6 lA nguy6n li vd c6i
ngu6n cria moi vdt (le principe et la source de
toutes choses). Trf c6c sd trr nhi6n I, 2, 3, ...

Hinh
hoc, ?hi6n van hoc. Ong la m6t trong nhiing
nhd ddu ti6n chri trudng rang Tlrii Ddt li m6t
qui cdu, drlng d trung tAm vfl tru. Mdt Tidi,
Mat T[ang, c5c vi sao thi quay quanh T!6i Ddt,
song Mat Tldi, Met T[Eng vh m6t s6 hdnh tinh
m6i c6i cci str di chuydn ri6ng, khric vdi srr di
chuydn c:iuLa cdc vi sao hdng ngdy quay quanh
Vd to6n, Pythagore nghi6n crlu 56 hoc,

1Y6i Ddt.

Vi Pythagore diy c6ng hoc h6i ddi tnr6c cho


n6n mOt sd kdt qu6, md v6 sau cho ld cta
Pythagore, ki thuc dd cci trl tru6c. Nhri dinh li

Pythagore trong tam giSc vu6ng


a2 = b2 + c2 da duoc bidt td

Ai

di

hiru tiPq"', (p, q lA cric s6 trr


nhi6n) vd khing dinh ring vdi ct.c sd hitu ti ta
c<j thd bidu di6n moi s6. Thd nhrrng khi tinh
,{V ongthdy t6 ra nri kh6ng thd bidu di6n bing
mdt s6 hfru ti ndo ! Vdy c6c sd cira 6ng kh6ng
6ng

ddn c5.cs6

bidu di6n drroc chi6u ddi dttdng ch6o cri.a mdt


hinh vu6ng cci canh bing don vi, thd thi ldm
sao mi chring lai cri thd la nguy6n li vd c6i
ngu6n cria moi vAt ?! Pythagore bdi r6i, md
kh6ng vuot ndi di6u b6 t6c niy. 6ng cAm thdy
nhqc nh6 vi gi6o li ctra minh ph6 sAn th6m hai.
Cu6i cirng 6ng vd s5c mdn d6 quydt dinh s6
gidu kin, kh6ng dd 16 di6u khring hoAng dri.
Sau khi Ong mdt, m6t mOn d6 li Hippas, m6c

CAp, Babylone,

Hy Lap, Tbung Qudc, cdn ti s6 l6t cit vdng r


= 0,6180339887... thi c<i tr) Babylone.
Pythagore ldn ddu ti6n chi ra ring tdng c6c
gcic trong cria tam gi6c thi bing 180o, ring m6t
phing ccj thd phri kin bing nhitng hinh tam
t4

Chti thich - Cho doan thingl-B. Didm (duy


nhdt) D AB ggi ln l6t c6t vdng cria AB ndu

ddu kh6ng dtloc srr th6a thuQn cira h6i d6ng


m6n, dd drla th6m nhtng di6u mdi vio bii gi6ng
cria Pythagore vi dem trinh bdy cho ngudi
khac. V6 sau Hippas ch6t trong mdt vu d6m
tdu bidn. C6c mdn d0 det ra cAu chuy6n Hippas
bi chdt vi da tidt 16 di6u bi dn. Hon 100 nam
sau nhd todn hoc Eudoxe (khoAng 408-355
tnt6c CN) giAi drtoc cu6c kh&ng hoAng thf nhdt
cira todn hoc bing m6t li thuydt sd v6 ti, tudng
tu nhu li thuydt hi6n dai cr.ia nhd todn hoc Drlc
Richard Dedekind (1831-1916) 6 cu6i thd ki

nd chia doan AB theo

AD

D6 ddng tinh dugc

fi-t

xIX.

Mgt cdng hidn quan trong khdc

.ADDB
sd r : -AB :

ti

c'(ta

q,6180339887...

Ngrrdi ta cho ring cac hinh chu nhAt cri ti


sd (chi6u r0ng)/(chi6u ddi) bang r ld hdi hda
nhdt. Vi udy c6.c khungcrla sd, tdm pann6, c6nh
crta tri... thudng hay ldy theo ti s6 r.

Pythagore vd phrrong ph6p luAn ln 6ng de d6


ra phrrong ph6p chdng minh. Tlrr6c 6ng ngrrdi
ta khOng nhAn 16 ring chrlng minh mQt vdn
dd to6n hoc ld phAi di tr) gi6 dinh. Py'thagore

Tlong li thuydt tdi rru h6al6t cit vdng drroc


lim mdt phrrong phdp hrru hi6u dd db tim
didm crrc tidu cria m6t hdm f(x) dar, cdch tr6n
m6t doan AB, khi didm crrc tidu n}.y khOng thd
tim bing phuong ph6p tinh dao hdm. (Hdm
don cdch (unimodal) ln hnm chi c<i m6t didm
cuc tidu - hay m6t didm crrc dai, tr6n AB).

ld ngudi chdu Au ddu ti6n chri trrrong rang


trong Hinh hoc cdn phii det ra cdc giA dinh

dirng

ban ddu, goi ld ti6n d6. Tt dd lap luAn chrlng


minh drroc tidn hinh bing c6ch 6p dung cho
aic ti6n d6 m6t ph6p li luAn suy di6n chnt ch6
de dl cten ket luan.

iruu lrgN
@n Nai)

Mdt sd dgng khac

Goi btl, N ldn lddt Ia giao didm gia AC vit


BD vdr d vd. P, Q ldn luot ld giao didm ctra AD
vd BC v6i d Khi dri Th cd : .I ld trung didm cria

...

(tidp theo trang 9)

Ndi OMvd ON ;

Tt

O hq

OH

DC tac6

MNvdPQ.

Nci tdng quat hon

IOM : IHM (l)


Trl O ha OK L AB ta cfln&crt.hl gl.agfQKN
n6i tidp drroc dudng trbn > ION = IKN (2)
Th cflng chri y A IDC ^ L IBA vd H vd K

li

cric trung didm cria DC

rye_ ^ A- IKA +

)i\AD

cho n6n A
hay

^
= /ON

mh

IM:IN

Luu j,; d bii todn 3 cci thd xAy ra. DC llAB


luc dd cdc ban cd thd xem hai didm M, N d xa
v6 tAn v6 hai phia. (vi DC ll AB ll d) nh:: vay
thi / la trung didm cria MN v6n drlng.
Tr) bai to6n (1) (2) (3) Th nit ra bdi todn
tdng qudt

toSn 1 ld, d cri thd

Blri to6n 5. Cho dridng tr6n tAm O, d ld


m6t drldng thing d ngodi drrdng trbn (O), Trf
O ha OI .l. d, Qua 1 ta k6 tidp tuydn IA vit cat
tuydn ICD ; goiM, N ldn ludt la giao didm cira
d v1i cdc dudng thhng AD vi. DC. Chrlng minh

IKA : IHC

IHM (3)
^
Tl] (1), (2) vd (3) = IOM
(d.p.c.m)
+
IM
/|/
OI t MN
=

IKN

bii

kh6ng cat dudng fidrl (O) vd ndu d cilt (O) th\


dd la bai torin 1.
Ndu ta ddc bi6t h6aA : B thi khi dd cat tu;rdn
1,4-B suy bi6n vd tidp tuydn ta cd bei to4n sau,

Drrong nhi6n ndu ICD suy bidn vd ld tidp


tuydn /C thi ban cci ngay AC ll d liL mOt di6u
md ta da bi6t.
Dac bi6t 6 bii to6n 5 ndr ICD le dudng kinh
ban thu drroc bii to6n 6 :
Blri todn 6 : Cho drrdng trdn (O) dudng
th&ng kh6ng cilt (O) dudng kinh DC L d tai
.I, qua I dung tidp tuydn IA t1i drrdng trdn ;
ddy cung DA cil d tai M khi dd ta c6 IA = IM.
Bdi to6n 5 vA bdi torin 6 xin ddnh lai dd c6c
ban kidm tra.

Bhi to6n 4 :
Cho dudng trdn tAm O ; d li' m6t drrdng
thing bdt k, (kh6ng phAi ld tidp tuydn ctra O)
goi,I ld chdn drrdng vu6ng gdc h4 tt tdm O t6i
d. Qua I ta k6 hai crit tuydn IAB vit ICD tfli
dtrdng trdn.

15

l6p rc cHUvEt't
oE vn DAp Aru rnl ruvEN sNH
\,
ToAN - TIN HOC DHTH TP HO CHi MINH 1994
(voNG r

- l.tcAY so/7/xee4)

Beri 1. Sd.u d|i b6ng A, B, C, D, E uit. F tham


dtt m\t gid.i uO d,ich. Dudi ddry ld, nam kh&ng
dinh kltd.c nhau ub hai dQi c6 mQt trong trQn
chung kdt : a) A ud. C b) V uiL E c) B ud. F
d)Aud.F e)Aud.D.
Bidt rd.rug c6 bdn khang dinh dnng m.Qt n*a
nt0t kh&ng dinh. sai hod.rt tod.n. FId.y ch.o bidt
hai dQi nd.o dttoc thi ddu trong trQn chung kdt'
Ldi giei : Ndu d6i A kh.6ng lot vio chung
kdt thi trong ba kh&ng dinh a), d), e) phAi cci
it nhdt hai khing dinh ld dring mQt nrla vAy
d6i lot vdo chung kdt phni ld hai trong ba dOi
C, F vdD. Suy ra hai d6i B vd.O kh6ng lot vio
chung kdt, tilc la kh&ng dinh b) ld sai, cbn b6n
kh6Lng dinh cdn lai dring m6t nrla. Nhring khi
d6 cA" C, D vd F d6u phAi cung lot vio chung
ud.

Vdi li luAn tudng trr, ta thdy v6i 2000 s6 thi


sau 1999 ldn xcia sO cbn lai dring m6t s6 chin.
BAi 3. Tim tdt cd. cd.c cQp sd tu nhin (x, y)
sao cho y * 1 ch.ia hdt cho x ud x + 1 chia hdt
cho y.

Ldi giai : Trl di6u ki6n cria bii to6n suy ra


> y vity *1> x. Kdt hop lai ta crjr - 1
< y < r * 1, nghia lny chi ccj thd ld mdt trong
bas6r -l,x,x*1.

x*l

! : x-

x Ndu

thiy

vr)a la rr6c

ciar -

kdt:Vdly!

vta li rl6c cria r * 1 n6n sG id irdc cria (r + 1)


- (r - L) :2, nghia ldy : t hayl' : 2. Nduy
: 1 thi x : !* 1 : 2. Ndu ), : Zthir :./*
1 = 3. C6 hai cap s6 (x:2,y : 1) r,d (r - 3,
t = 2) d6u th6a di6u ki6n bii to5.n.
* Ndu ! : x thi y via ld rrdc cria r vrla ld
rJ6c cira r * 1 n6n chi cd thd le J : 1 vi khi dd
r : 1, Cap s6 (r : 1, J : 1) hidn nhi6n th6a

VAy chi crj thd A ld m6t trong hai d6i crj mnt
d trAn chung kdt. Khi dd C, D vd .F' kh6ng iot vio
chung kdt. Ma B cfrng khOng thd vdo chung kdt
(khi dd khdng cci khing dinh ndo ld hoin todn
sai cA). Suy ra chi c<j thd E lot vdo chung kdt.

J:ol'

Ttjm lai hai d6i A vd E de g4p nhau d trin


chung kdt.
Beri 2.
a) Trn bd.ng c6 uidt 1994 sd : 7, 2, ..., 1994.
Cho php x6a hai sd bd.t ky trong nhilng s6 trn
bd.ng uit. ui& theru mQt sd bd.ng tdng crta hai sd
d6 (Nttu ud.y sau m6i lI,n x6a thi s6 cd'c sd duoc
uidt ffan bdng gid.m di 1).

di6u kiOn.
* Ndu ! : x + 1 thi x : ! - 1. Do tinh d6i
xrlng cria hai s6 x vd y n6n ta c0ng tim 'ra cdc
cap s6 tudng rlng li (.x : 7, I : 2) vd (x : 2,

ltim lai cci 5 cap sd trr nhi6n th6a min di6u


ki6n bni toan Id
(1, 1)(1, 2)(2, l)(2,3)(3, 2)
BAi 4.
a) Cho a < b < c < d lit. 4 sd thqc tity j,. V6i
cd.c gid. tri tltuc nito cita x tlli bidu thtc

f(x)=

nhd.n gid.

Chung minh sau 1993 ldn x6a, ban bdltg


s cdn.

lai

1 sd ld.

b) Ndu thay sd 1994 trong cd.u a) baig s6


2000 thi sau 1999 ld.n x6a ban bd.ng sa cbn lai
1 sd chan h.ay sd 16 ?

Ldi

giii:

Vdi m6i ldn xcja hai sd a, b c6 thd x6y ra ba


khi nang: hodc a, b cing chin hay cung16 thi
sau khi xria chfng di vd th6m vio tdng a * b
li sd ch6n, ta thdy tdng sd c6c sd 16 tr6n bAng
hoac khdng thay ddi, honc gi6m di 2. Cbn ndu
a, b khSc tinh chin 16 thi tdng a + b ld 16 dd
tdng sd 16 cflng kh6ng thay ddi. Ttim l4i, tdng
s5 sd 16 sau m5i ldn xria vd vidt s6 kh6ng thay
ddi hoac gi6m di 2, md sd sd 16 ban ddu ld 1994 :
2:997, n6n sau khi xria di 1993 ldn s6 cdn
lai drlng m6t s6 16.

lx-al +lr-bl +l*-"1 +lx-dl


tri

nh6 n hdt,

b) Hay phd.t bidu uit.

gidi biti

tod.n tdng qud.t

udi n s6 thrlc.

Ldi gini : T[6n drrdng thing s6 ta danh ddu


c6c didm A, B, C, D ilng vdi c1.c s6 a < b < c
< d, Didm M ki hi6u cho giri tri r. Cd thd xAy
ra cdc trudng hop sau :

1)r<okhidci

f(x) : MA + MB + MC + MD : MA + 3AB
+zBC+CD
Suy ra tr6n khoAng ndy, gi5 tri nh6 nhdt
dat dr;oc khiM : Avd bing 3A-B +2BC +CD.

2)a<r<bkhidri
f(x) = AM + MB + MC + MD

AB + 2MB

+2BC+CD
Suy ra tr6n kho6ng ndy, gi5 tri nh6 nhdt
dat dr:oc khi M : B vi bing A.B + 2BC + CD.
16

3)b<r<ckhidri

f(x) : AM + BM + MC + MD
CD = const

AB + zBC

4)c<x<dkhidd

f(x)

AM + BM + MC + DM = AB + 2BC

+ CD + 2CM,
Suy ra tr6n khoAng niy, girl tri nh6 nhdt
dat dtroc khi M : C vi bing,4JB + zBC + CD.

5)d<rkhid<j

f(x) : AM + BM + CM + DM : AB + zBC
+3CD+DM
Suy ra tr6n kho6ng nay, gi6 tri nh6 nhdt
dat duoc khi M : B vd bing,4-B + zBC + CD.
So s6nh cdc tnrdng hop tr6n, ta thdy f(x)
dat g15. tri nh6 nhdt Id AB + zBC * CD : b a +2(c - b) + (d - c) : d + c - b - a khi md6

<r<c.

Bdi toSn tdng qudt cho n s6 thrrc drroc ph6t


bidu nhu sau
Cho n sd thqtc al { a2 I ... < arr. Xtit bidu thic
fkl : I * - orl + l, - a2l +... + lr - o,,l
Tint cac sd thtlc x dd f(x) nhqn gid. tri nh6
nhiit.
Th x6t c5c trtldng hgp n : 2k vi n : 2k - L

canh - canh - gdc bing nhau. Cd thd xAy ra


hai trrrdng hop :
a) Hai tam giric niy bing nhau : khi dri hai
tarm gS,6c ABD vd ACE crlng bing nhau (tnrdng
hop g<ic - canh - g<ic) suy ra AB = AC, tam
g15c ABC cAn d A.
b) Hai tam giric
niy kh6ngbingnhau,
tam g76c ABC kh6ng
cen6l: kli d<i giA sii
g6c C > B. Th ldy
didm E'tr6n A-B sao
cho IE' : IE - ID.
Khi dd hai tam gi6c

IE'A vn IDA-Ifurg
nhaq. C6ggag BEI:^
^
IE:A- IDy'*luy ra BIL= ^B&"..-Do @JpC
+J.eA- BAC, suyra ABlt ACB+ BAC:
3 BAC = 180i'. Viy g<ic BAC : 60').

Y6in:2kthi
It' lr-o,l +l*-oyl>@*-a)
JIr -o.l + lr - ox-rl > (a*-, -or)

t:
I l, -o*l

-o1111 > @r*r-a1,)


Ldy tdng cdc bdt ding thrlc tr6n ta cri
fk) -- (ozx+ o2r_r * ... * r**r) - (c, * ar-l
... +oo) Ddu bang xiy ra khi vd chi khi ak ( r
( ok* 1'

t"

lr

Trrong tu v6i n
lx - al + l,

2k

-|

- ox_tl >- (au_, - a)


lx -a2l + lr - oz*-zl > @u_r-a2)

lx - o.p*l +

lr - o*tl > (apa1 - ap1;)


lx-aol >o

Ldy tdng cdc bdt ding thrlc tr6n ta

ccj

f(x) > (azx-tlazt-z*... +o**1) - (ar*a,

+ ... + o*_r)
Ddu bing xAy ra khi va chi khi x : ak.
BAi 5. Chotam gid.cABC c6 hai duisng phdn
gid.c trong BD ud. CE cat nhau tai I. Bidt rdng
ID = IE, ching minlylfutg hoQc tam gid.c ABC
cd.n. tai A hoQc g6c BAC : 600.
Ldi gini : Ndi A.I li dttdng phAn gi6c ctia
g6c A. Khi dd hai tam g16c IEA vit IDA cci c[p

***
(voNG 2 - NGAY 31.7.1ee4)
Bei f . Giei he phrrong trinh

I *'-*, *3y2:13

(1)

lx2 +4xv -2y2: -6(2)


Bei 2. Cho tam g16c ABC vu6ng 6 A, c6 O,

ldn lrrot li tdm cdc dudng trdn ngoai tidp, nOi


tidp. Det BC : a, CA: b, AB : c.
a) Tinh cric dd dai 10, 18 theo a, b, c.
b) Bidt ri"ng tam gSac IOB vu6ng d I chrlng
minh :

AB:AC:BC:3:4:5
BAi 3 : Chilng minh rang khdng t6n tai mdt
s6 nguy6n > 0
a2, d2, 03, ... sao cho v6i moi sd td nhi6n rz,
m ta c6 i on, : ar.* er_r,
Biri 4 : Chring minh ring tdn tai duy nhdt
hai sd nguy6n drtong x vd y th6a mdn c6c tinh
chdt sau
i) r vi y d6u ccj hai cht sd.

diy ting thrlc srJ c6c

li)x:2y
iii) M6t chrf sd ciray thi bing tdng, cdn chrl
bing tri tuy6t ddi cira hi6u hai chtt s6

s6 kia

cta x.
Beri 5 : M6t tam giric ddu duoc chia thinh
m6t s6 hitu han cdctam gi6c con. Chrlng minh
ring s6 crj m6t tam gi6c con crj cA ba gric nh6
hon hay bing 120".
HOANG LE MINH
(TP Hb Chi Minh)

t
\.l\-

Gidi dfip bd,i :


DU LlCh xUvEN

vlfr

Nhidu ban d6 gili ldi giei ve da sd la dring.


56 d6ng c6c b4nchondi6mxudt phat la M6ng

C6i, Cao Bing ho5c Ndm Cdn. Ngodi ra l)


c6c d6 thi T ang Sdn, Bic Giang, Th6i
Nguy6n, Viet Tri, Y6n B6i, Hii Dr.ldng, HAi
Phdng, Nam Dinh... Ban Tq Qudc Hung,l6p
6, tnldng Phan Chu Trinh, Bu6n Ma Thu6t
lai bit ddu ti Thanh H6a. Hai bpn Trbn Duy

Hilng, Trbn Vdt Dfing,118 PTTH ff ThnY,


QuAng Binh tim duQc 8 di6mxudt phSt'
Cac bqn c6 liri giii gti vd s6m vir dtng
I'a Nguy4n Thi Thtly Wnh 10A PTTH Da
Phic. NguyEn Xudn Trudng, Tien Dudc, S6c
Sdn, Pharn Hd Son, Phan Thanh Tilng lCT,
L Thi Bich Hanh.6CT. Nghia TAn. Ha NQi,

Rui Duy Hing. 9A. T6 Hi6r-r. Hii Pht)ng,


Ngu.tin Li Dttng..8T NK Ha Bic. l-i Hdi Yin
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Tlti Thiitrr.98. chuy6n (lng Hda. HA Tey, Bili

PI'I'H VEn Giang.L Dqi Ngqtn.


PTTII Vin Liln. Hii Hdng. L Thdnh
C.6ng. 6T. Pharn Huy Qaang. I)6ng Hung.
Thd l)ung.

11A

'I'h1ii Binh. Hd Thanh Tudn, Vu Trhn Caong.

Phun 7 hi Thuy

Hanh.l0AI fr:ln

dA tim drl<lc 2 c6ch cli dirng.

Sau clAy l) m6t c6ch giii xrlit ph6t tr)


M6ng CAi va kdt th[rc li Ndrn Cdn.

VI] KIM THUY

ISSN:0866-8035
Chi sd 12884

Mi

s6 : 8BT18M5

Qtr6c TtrAn.

Quing. Ng5i, Phan NhQt llay 11Ar I'TTH


Th6t Nr'it. Cin Thrr. Ngulin Thi M! NgPc
10A1 PT1'H LC Quy Don. Long An. Rdt hoan
ngh6nh ban Npyn Thi XuAn Nurtng l6p 7
VIn trlldng Chuyn Dirc Ph6, Quing NgSi

Dibn sd vio tam giic


Cho m6t hinh tam gi6c, c6 9 6 tam gi6c con
nhrr hinh v6. Ban hey clidn cdc sri tri 1 d6n 9
vio n5i 6 tam gi6c con sao cho t6ng c6c so
thu6c c6c 6 dec theo rn6i canh cira tam gi5c (5
s6) cl6r-r blng nhau.

C6 bao nhiu c6ch dir-in sd nhil vAy '/

V6 HOANG THAI

tai Trung tAm Vi tinh vA


Chd bAn in Nhi xudt bAn Girio duc.
tai
Xrtdng
In
In xong vn $li luu chidu th6ng 611995.
S5p chtr

,t

7T. Trdn Ding Ninh. Nam H). Bni Thi Tu


9C Vinh Phr.hc. Vinh L6c. Thanh lfoa. Dinh
Libn 76i, Hodrtg Dirth Thi, Tq KiEu Hung
gc'f NK Vinh. Ngzrydn Hau An.9A. Qr-rjrnh
L.in. Qr,rirrh Ltttt, Ngtydn Tdi 'fhu.6,4. NK
Yn Thinh. Ngh An. Trhn Thanh Til. l}CT
Dio Duv Tit. Quring B\rh. Nguyn Pham
Phuong Thdo.917 Nguycn Tri Phtlclng, Hu6.

Gi6:

2000d

[Iai nghin ilbng

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