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i f
BO GrAo DUC
vA DAO TAO
r *iadt
=s-,?
DHTH TP
Hd
CTII NNINH
PYTHAGORE
MUC LUC
Trang
ki trudc
Solution of Problents in Preuious issue
C6c bdi cia s6 212.
Phan Nam.
bii toin
Hilng "con
bu6m"
Db ra ki ndy.
Crlc
bii
in This Issue.
Tl1216, ... TlO1216,
Bgn c6 bidt
Do you know
Ki s6 Hy Lap
Lll2l6, L2l2l6
10
cd
11
13
NGO DA]. TU
HOANCi CHUNG
r4e
- Pythagore
o Hod.ng L Minh - D6 thi tuydn sinh ldp 10
DHTH TP Hd Chi Minh
o Gidi tri todn hoc
Huu Lin
Problems
fip
Gidri bdi
cria
Tdng biAn
14
16
i[r Ngv'a;nil'CJ-
Noi
Dinh
rh cho c6c b4n Trung hoc Co s6d
loai niy.
_Khia:U.1 ru c6x=
nguy6n, q ld s6
{q-tp fa "O
- Khi o,
Du6i dey
li
mOt sd
Bai l. Ddtx =
VAy
lTid=T
!a
v6i mqi a
Giai.
X6tx3 = 6 - 1x,hay x3 * 5r - 6 = 0
Suy ra r li nghiOm cta da thrlc 13 + fu - 6 (2)
- 6 : (x - l)(*2 +r + 6)Vida
thrlc bdc hai x2 + x * 6 kh6ng cci nghiOm n6n
r : 1 ld nghiOm thr:c duy nhdt cira da thrlc (2)
Kdt luAn : x = l ld mOt sd htu ti.
B}ri 3. Chrlng minh ring sd o : tt[Z +3t[4
*
bx
a3
Tacdx3
ld sd vd ti.
Giai.
6 + 33{8 1srl7 + 3{Z;,
-6: o
Sry ra a le
x3 -6x -6 (B)
a3
-Ga
nghi6m
Sd o kh6ng phAi ld s6
Chrlng minh
r
,
" *thi
lh
Giai.
x3
= 2a +
(l -
2a)x
1985)
x6t
+
sd
o+a*l
s
:ft
I ;. I ; :,
'31-1
Tb cd 1 - 8o dm n6n da thrlc
E,
(1) crj nghidm thuc duy nhdt r : 1.
d6u ld sd nguy6n.
':
Tbong chrtong
Dinh li : Ndu
li
hay
cta da thrlc
st1
nguoc
li s6
lai o. li s6 hiru ti thi
3r[2
3{4
+
< 4, t:(.cld?
nguy6n. D6 thdy 2 <
< a < 4. Suy ra a : 3. Nhung 3 lai khdng phni
ld nghi6m ctra da thrlc (3). V0 li.
theo hQ quA 2, o phai
+ 3{4li
s6 vo ti.
sd htru
ti.
Vo
m6t
li
N6u
o vi b ld
c : 3{a + 3{t
c5c s6 tU nhi6n
thi
sd
b) Th
nguy6n.
(x)
cci
Da thrlc
kh6ng
cci
-7x * l
7<3{zg+3\[23<8
ti.
'
cci
x4-lox2+1.
Bai
+3rn
Giai. Tb c6 c3 : t4 - 3c, do dd
cr * 3c - 14 = 0. Suy ra c ld nghi6m cria da
thrlc v6i
hO sd nguy6n.
P(x) : x3 + 3x - L4.
NhAn
thdy
P(x) = (x -2)(x2 +2n + 7) trong d<i da thfc
x2 + ?-x + 7 kh6ng cci nghi6m thrrc. Di6u ndy cci
nghia x = 2ld nghiOm thrrc duy nhdt cita P(x).
5 ^2<,,12J<B
| '
I0.
c =3,[7 +N2
s6 hrtu ti,
3'tl;ri <5
*c : 1
+lcl =1
ll"l +lbl+16-cl
+lc
[lo-al
fl"
+O
-al:2
(1)
(2)
(3)
! :
z=
dd
4<x*y+z<lO(2)
Th lai c<i : ndu o e N thi a3 <:]nia cho 9 c<i sd
du le 0, 1, 8, Vdy (x + y * z)3 chia cho 9 cri sd
drr li 0, 1, 8.
Til (1) suy ra ffi chia 9 crj s6 du la 0, 1, 8
hay x * y 4 z chiag cci sd du la 0, 1, 8 (3)
(5+1+2)3
* x *y *z : 9
= (x *y * z)3 :
(7+2+9)3VayW--512
93
729
BldiTglzlz.
trinh
*-ax3+(r-a-113=g
*x3r[a:a*t-r
r(1 +3r[o)=o+1
atl
x=#=3{;z-3{r-+1
r{o *
1
x3-gr2-o*r:o,r=3
Nhan x6t : Cdc b7nLuong Hftu ThuQn,7,
Nghia Hinh, QuAng Ngdi, Tluong Vinh Ld.n,
9 Tbdn, Qutng Ninh, QuAng Binh, D6 Hbng
Soz, 9l Lam Son, Thanh H<ia cring cci ldi giAi
tdt. MOt sd b4n srl drlng k6t quA cria bii T812OB
hodc ding phr:ong phap giai phuong trinh bic
ba tdng qirat cring cho kdt quA dring nhrrng
c5ch lim niy ddi vd khdng phr) hop v6i y6u cdu
cho c6c l6P PTCS'
DANG HUNG rHANG
_.:. 1
\2 + l2)t
A'
=
N
-L
(-
Y-
. -\l/
-
2M
lt
BC
ta cci CN ld trung trUc cira MM',hay M, M'd6i
xilng v6i nhau qua CN. Ldy didm 11 tr6n tia
I,{M sao cho NI/ =.1[A h ca{.-ddi xrlng v6i
D qua CN (1) r,1n CHM = CDM' : 90o. M4t
khdc, MH : MN - N}r : NM'- NB : DM' :
BM ndn hai tam gi6c vudng BMC, HCM bdng
|*r.
Z\[xy=2\[ZS
rtP-+T >a[xy:blzs.
Sry
>*y
*\t?Ttr
x
2(t + {Zl{s Ma
bing VZ vi bang BD, n6n {s
=
ra
vd trrii
#p=
<
vA
hay
suy ra dpcm.
(2 + 11z1z'
-,
NhQn x6t, Ldi giai tdt g6m cri : Mai Thanh
Binh (8M, Marie Curie, Ha N6i), Hod.ng Manh
Cuiltlg (9A, PTCS D6ng Mi - D6ng Hdi, QuAng
Binh), Nguydn Anh Tl^td.n (9T, Phan B6i ChAu,
NghQ An), Vu Tlung Bbn (94, Quj'nh Hoa,
Quj'nh Phr1, Thrii Binh).
oANc vIEN
.1s6
ti
AA'+BB'*CC':A
Mat khdc. lai co :*
+
AA'+B'B+CC':3GG'
r* 1y)'- zP
p ld' m.Qt s6 nguYAn ''t ld.
cci dang
[*2
t'
lf
rz0'-l)ll'-1+t111
x,,
f(rt
r l6n nhdt
> f4) > fk)
a) x 2 J z
> *2 > y'z.N6u e > 0 thi x >- ! > z >- o
-22
- f(y):
-x2>y2> ,2*x'Z:!2:22+f(x)
-fr'z)+x:!=2.
Ndur(0+O>x>J2z--->
,.1 <y2 <22-x2:!2=22x=y:2,
Ndur > 0 > z.K}ri d6 y2 : f(z) < f@) : a
+o > 0. Lai cdz2 = f(x) > f(Q1 - s +
= fG)
,\nP
= fttl
l'2 :
+r!
tL
- llT
phuang trinh
rtir
!2:zl+22+z+a
z2:x'l+x2+x+a
sd nguy1n duong x,
trong d6
--->f(x)
=-rl"(rl"-1)2<0v6li.
VdykhdngxAyrax>0>2.
b) x > z 2 Y +72 > Y2 > 12
Ttrong tu nhu tr6n nd.u I >- 0 hay r <
tasu.ytax:!:2.
trdivdix>0>y.
Ndu z . - {; li luan nhrr a) ta ddn ddn
mAu thudn.
Vay hg cri nghiOm duy nhdt x. : Y : z = t,.
qd., {,, Ia nghim duy nhit cria phuong trinh
t't+t'*t*a:0.
-y
V4.y or+
I * an-,
dn: 7*"
2(1)
luaimoin>
Ldi giai.
Th cci
l-#]
*an-,
=--r.--.
hay
-l*a,,-l .
_l*a,,-l-
[---]n,
_l*e,,.1
,*o
s rn = 2+an-t" l-;=]
Yn>2.
<
Th chring minh
z+ t
Khin:1,tacd:
+2
-Zlr"ul,) : t : o, n6n (1) dung
..In : .(n
l'.
vdi
k, t(tcld
0k = 1 + 2 ( k -2ltot$l) Oa,
thi o* = 1 + 2,7,' - !P) vA /
p < logrk <p * 1 * 2P < ft <
hcrp.
Khi dd
.u
?*o,
<k+
1*o*
r=
"+o<
[7.;]
Do
2P*t
llosz& + 1)l or
')])
ak:
Khi dd
ok = 1 +2(k
*a,.
2P)
k+h+! =
)P+1
2P)
2P+1
1-2llos2(k+l)l \
VAN
uAu
->
=OA+3OAo - OB*3OBo=
: o'c + Bico: o-b + son,,
=o
,(u:1
-l+h*rlL_ltl
vdY
*;1 :
2'P+1.
=2+ar_tk
p = llogrkl
>p
t = 2 + ax- (k+ 1) [ n
= 1+2(k+
\/
*an_r_
_7
1*a,
dinh
xd.c
bdiar:1ud.
p*1=[ogr(&+1)].
'6
hav
r+ li
(ii) 2oo' - -oA, + gOAo - -ObL * BObo =
- - on, + Boto - - ob, + Bo-b,
:
q04dqoDol
oEr- d4- rer- o'4- 3
tu
".i"
tf
tAm O',
.1
ti
sd
i,
I{N :- HE zHN HE BM
- ME- btw* BC - DM- DM-
ttft3,
Y"*,*ih
=+IIN:
BH
HA
BH.BC
BdiL2t2t')
bAn, sd
ld,SOVnhung;itKrmd,
td 27V khi t ti d6ng
ngat K' td.2.1\' hhi chi
d6ng 2 ngol K1K2, lit
B.diLU2t2
MQt bd.ng chuy'n nghidng nrQt goc ct so uoi
phuong ngang, dang chuydndQngu,,xudng duoi.
MQt hbn garh niim trn bang chuybn uit. duoc giu
yen bd.ng mQt soi dd.y buQc c6 dinh d ddu trn
hinh u0. Ngudi t@ cdt d*t dny. Tinh cOng cia
Irlc nw sat td.c dung l.An ltbn gach cho ddn thiti
didnt hdn gqch dgt duoc udn t6c u,, cila bang
chuybn. Cho h4 sd rua sat giila uiAn gach uirbang
chuybn lit. p, hhdi luqng cira uin gach lit nt
cd.
18**,
18*4*
18 18 (1)
t"'=TE - i8
,i-= o"
4s
24 24 24
I"=Er-V=U+",*iQ)
trong
quy chi6u g6n v6i mat ddt. Tbong he quy
chidu niy vi6n gach chigtrie dgng cria ba luc :
trgng lgc P, phAn IJrc N ctra bing chuy6n vd
luc ma s5t trrlot 4r.r. Hqp lltc cria chring sE
truydn gia tdc cho vi6n gach lim t6ng vdn tdc
cfia nri trl 0 ddn u, (hinh ve). Ap dung dinh li
Ta hey x6t chuydn d6ng ctia vi6n gach
!'
dQng
n6ng
_.8272727
t'--v
;=4+q(3)
Khi Kl mr;. ddng chinh qua ngudn
ilo 30
I - -E
;@)
rrKu
An*Ao^,-mgh *
F-"s
'-->mgssitut
LWa
LOI'
1,ntui
=2
* pmgco* = muj
2
.O
SuyraS =
2g(sina * pcow)
A-"ll
"."
FJo,
c-
8r,,, = ,
e .f)
r : 2,4{2 vA R, : l2e)
Vi khi K,K{. dcing cri -R. :
Tt
27a
.--+
dd
l8V
4,8f,) vir
crrc d?i. VAy cho con chay C sang trrii hay sang
phAi, c6ng su{t mach ngodi ddu gi6m.
Nhgn xdt. Cdc em cci ldi giai t6t: Nguydn
pcow)
ntu2
= 36Q
{Ir,
pmgcosa . uj
2g(sina
827
- 9I = r=.i3r-Et=18el
Tb cd p,,1'
ul
AF-" =
24
hQ
P+tgd
NOi
MT
!
'fi
rulQt
I
I
ii
bii
Giii
tt
: i6il
Biri to6n 3.
Cho ttl giar ADCD nQi ti6p dudng tritn tdm
O ; goi I ld. giao didnt. hai cqnh d6i diQn AD ud
BC h1o diri ; qua I, d4ng dtitng th&ng d uu6ng
gdc udi OI ; Canh DC ud. AB heo ddi Lan lua
cat d tai M ud. N.
Ching minh IM = IN
Giii:
IQ".
so
tr6n
t CBvdOL L ADchon6nKviLldn
ludt la trung didm cira c6c dfur.cgLngC!=qAAD
cho non L CIK ^ L AIL *AQ - ILP G)
Tt (1), (2)yL(3) taco QOI = POIhaY OI
ln phin gec QOP ma O1 L PQ cho n6n -IP =
OQ (d.p.c.m) hinh - 1.
BD
NIM
OK
IP =
u?t.
vdi
NI,IM
Bhi todn 2
ring
d6y sd (.tn)
TRANfr,Y*}BANG
Bli
-)t
^. D''
SO
vd
v6i cric mat tBCDt,
Goi r vD. P ldn lrrot Ia b6n kinh mat cdu n6i tidp
vd bdn kinh dudng trdn ngoai tidp m5i mdt cria
trl di6n ABCD. Chring minh ring :
ilMff+M4+Mlvrt,+Mtu4>
DANG HT]NC].fF,tANG
(IId Nai)
>
,r
otv
NCiT}YF]N DI]
(Ildi Phnng)
3(r? + ri + rZ)
Khi nio dat drrqc ddu ding thrlc.
<
ring
(a+b)(a'-b')="c'
@ : BC, b = CA, c : AB, a' :
:
b' C'A', c' = A'B'v6ia' > b'l
B'C'
NGLTYEN DIJCTAN
(TP Hb Cht Minh)
R?
LI1,
et
qua gi6
scichi c0aA,
vi
- trd
nhu
(Btnh Dinh)
(Thdi Binh)
a3+b3+c3+kabc>+.*
*c=7,
.2
: l0V,r1 = 0, 2 : 5V, r, : b R'B6
2) X6c dinh
QUOC HAN
(Nsh An)
il
IA.IB .IC = 4R
< {,+
i{b oYi4Jy1,,lNri
(Qutin'; NEAi)
NGUYEN LE DONG
(TP Hb Cht Minh)
s,
PROBT.EMS
Ben c6 bida
IN THTS TSSUE
KI
numbet'5".
TZlzlE. Splve the equation
\x + 2)L * (r * 3)' + (r *
4]}"
of
the
=2
1.
=180t'.
Prove that
(a + b) (a' - b') = cc'
(a : BC, b = CA, c : AB, a' = B'C',
C'-N, c' = A'B' ; suppose that a.' > b').
b' =
be
a3+b3
ki
+c3+ kabc>*.*
fcosAcosBcosC;
100, d
6OO,V
= 2A0,f
700, co
300,
400,
g=
5OO,
800, )= 900
Cdc sd hdng nghin, hirng chgc nghin drroc
ki hieu nhtl tr6n, nhrrng th6m vdo dang trrrdc
ddu phdy hodc mdt sd doc. Vi du :
le = 5000, lco:800 000,..,
Ngudi ta ding m6t vach ngang d6t tr6n c5c
ki s6 dd phan biQt vdi chtr vidt. Vi dq :
TF : 12, p -- 45, @tty : 883
Tbong thdi dd, c5c loai ki s6 tr6n drrgc dirng
rdt nhi6u ndi nhu Arabs, Jews vi nhi6u ddn
tdc kh6c 6 virng CAn D6ng. Ching ai cri thd
bi6t n<i xudt xrl tt diu.
M4 M4
>
{,
=T.
s6
hG
_r
o)p
ni Lap cd
+fi-_]+a.f1-;+aft+o<g
for lol <
SO
11
DENH
: Arn; A
-Z: A,, - t
A2na1=A,,iA,n+,:Al
'Iiong dtl : A
,11
li
hieu
Ptolenle . 'Iiong bli b6o n:iy t6i xin gi6i thiu m6r huring tiing
qu:it liti;r khic cria no.
IlSv cf xem dinh li I lir rlinh li Pt6lrn cho tam giric (nQi
tiip). V:iv crl hay khirng mot dinh li Ptdleme cho da gidc n6i
ti0p. Dei gi6i quydt vdn dE nly, tnttic h6t hdy bit dhu tit mQt
trur)ng hrtp drtn giin nri ta cir tlrd xeur n<i li dinh li Pt(ilemc
cho tla qi;ic dbu (niii tidpl v6i sfj c;rnh l.
i:I *-r,'
(n.tu,,* , \ i
\ A,A,
Klri
t.
" z.
"':-n
-' ....
quayv6cto
g.cqrav-90o
2 n,o,*ri:d
1(i(n
dti:
Chri'ng minh
MA*
11
,11:...;r11.-1)
2 *n*=2
'Itong dinh li tren cfing nhU trong cic dinh li riip rhco. ki
(Of Q') chi g(rc tlinh htlclng grita lrai til O.t. (]y
Dd.chitng nrinh rlinh li -1. rnrilc hdr ra phir hii'u vi chitng
minh bd db sau :
Bb dE 4 (Dinh li "Con nhinr"1 : 'liong m:it plilg ,f,4,
hU<lng cho da giitcArAr...Anvi h vctrJ tldn vi : ti.,er.i -n.
Xr{c dinh lthrt-sau :
All.MC+CA.MB=BC.tl[A
Nqdii ta cl6 tting qurit h6a ttinh li I rhdnh bdr ding thirc
Khi rlti
-1
-,
()<k<n
1(k(n
Chfi'ng minh : Viti moi i : 0- 1.....2n ta cti (h.1)
tt:. ru!:1iu+ffi,f
- v,t? + zoit . v)
()r4:
,
,,
=R-+lrtl+2()M.MA,
Stty
| t,A,*
r++
MA
.M.4,r:()M.w=O
. )\4't)\z<
-'- ,tar MAau \\
-,
+ l(
M/:*-r.
, _l=}
) = l)
=z- = ^MA'r Nhil gi:r lhidt AoAt...,1,ol tta gi:ic tlbu n6i tidp dur)ng
tlrn (()) ta c6 :
^MA2k
uer*- r= a
> MAzr-)
-=o1*\
0<k<n
1(k(n
v4y:
=,\ ue*:Z
u<k<D
l(k(n
cu
(iA;+,)
A1A)...AD. Khi d6
rl
ng A o A ro (khdng chita
A,
; ... ; A zn - t).
, Al,rl.rron*r
MA*_,
\.1 r
quiit hdn.
n''l' (A,A,*r.1r*;1,,:
1^<i(n^-or
"
oA)1 + ryl2tt
t,tr. o.ny+))'i t )Ar , o'
rrr r^rt
Ao41:41
k
Ak
(h.3).
Br: dr O do +, (d
d, + t: dt)'
D4r
Gii sitR
llperooAr*+r))\M*
,21- ll
.n
l;
ro"* - t, oA,r-,)]
(oAzr
Th thdy
li
r, oA
r, + r))\ W
* -,
12
Bn
r=
, -l
{u l1<oe r-
16Aay,Bo+r=Br)
day
*,g
r",
t, oA
)f
*,gl)eer,(r,rk+D.l
- oA2; ...;
OA1;
oA,
d6 ddng
nhfl
vi
hC vdctc,
';
I ,sl g.tc,oB1]
L+
_1
..
ryl : eA,()c)f L MC
))
L4
.
- +,sl-l
' l,si-t
; luB. oA) ..1
I
; \oc. oB)lt)I Mu
L+
I L4
..
-t (uA.OC)l +,S I
- l,x L
l;
l()8.()A)llMA
I-q
.])
.l
I L4
C+B
ctrlclc hQ quA 5.
A+C
B+A
cac
ban dgc uit. thd theo yAu ciiu cila ba tac gid.
n6i bAn, dudi ddy chung t6i xin dang nguyn
udn bic thil d6.
C IB
"
MC +
si1ffi
MB = sinA MA
BC .MA
+AB.MC +CA.MB:
Nhrl vliy, rluc ti6u tran cllu cta ta di drldc thrlc hi6n. Tirv
nhin tt6 cho lroz'ur cirinh viin rlil dang x6t. xin gi6i thiu m6t
dinh li nita. N(r li srt trI(tng trt cr-ia clinh li 3 cho trding hctp ila
giae rroi tiep \ (-1i s6 u;rnlt ch:'itt.
, .l
.t
u.t)lu,t,.
{ af@)d.x: a I
t<r?nr.r t*
*u -l \oAtk uA.k+))lMA2k+
L,
. .I
* ,,
+
{ L i(oAr^- ,.o,t ^ -,t)
-1
* ,x
*:.oA t))l MA z" _ z
Li(oA2n
:
l}<",,
{a
+)
*z oA,)f *,g
.I
{'x liP'troLl
I ( k ( n - l(
'
*,r
.1
[;
(oA
*-
t.oA
zk
lf,1oe,,
o4))}MA
n6n:
1) Vd
+
^'o'a ro_ tt)
)f]
MA r*
-,
cd. cd.c
-l
oA
e
{txl ooa,.oa ) )+ wl oPa 6- 1. ) )M r^-,
Dd ban doc hir3u rir ! nghia cda riinh li uiy xin ph;it bi6u m6t
(O). M
.16
mQt
(C la
rrha't cria no
:ndi
nguyn hdm
cia
hd,m sd af(x).
* . -1
f@)dx (o ;* 0) (1)
hing
ln hing s6
MA-MD=(vz+t)(MB-Mq
sd tny y)
Tir]6c khi k6t thfic xin nu m6t cAu h6i. Li6u cci hay kh6ng
cdc bdt ding thitc Ptdl6m tting qudt mA cdc ctinh li 3 vi 6 chi
ld trildng hgp cl3ng thiic cria chr'urg. Mong ban doc cirlg quan
tanr suy nghi vii vdn db nAy.
uA
HA
N)i
ngdy 27
- 4-
13
f(x)
Y\ aF(x)
c{oa
199s
ro,iri HQC
PYTHAGO&E (P5g'AGO)
Pythagore (khoing 580-500 trudc CN)
ngrrdi Hy lap sinh d dAo Samos, m6t
trungtim
Hinh
hoc, ?hi6n van hoc. Ong la m6t trong nhiing
nhd ddu ti6n chri trudng rang Tlrii Ddt li m6t
qui cdu, drlng d trung tAm vfl tru. Mdt Tidi,
Mat T[ang, c5c vi sao thi quay quanh T!6i Ddt,
song Mat Tldi, Met T[Eng vh m6t s6 hdnh tinh
m6i c6i cci str di chuydn ri6ng, khric vdi srr di
chuydn c:iuLa cdc vi sao hdng ngdy quay quanh
Vd to6n, Pythagore nghi6n crlu 56 hoc,
1Y6i Ddt.
Ai
di
ddn c5.cs6
CAp, Babylone,
AD
fi-t
xIX.
.ADDB
sd r : -AB :
ti
c'(ta
q,6180339887...
dirng
iruu lrgN
@n Nai)
...
Ndi OMvd ON ;
Tt
O hq
OH
DC tac6
MNvdPQ.
li
rye_ ^ A- IKA +
)i\AD
cho n6n A
hay
^
= /ON
mh
IM:IN
IKA : IHC
IHM (3)
^
Tl] (1), (2) vd (3) = IOM
(d.p.c.m)
+
IM
/|/
OI t MN
=
IKN
bii
Bhi to6n 4 :
Cho dudng trdn tAm O ; d li' m6t drrdng
thing bdt k, (kh6ng phAi ld tidp tuydn ctra O)
goi,I ld chdn drrdng vu6ng gdc h4 tt tdm O t6i
d. Qua I ta k6 hai crit tuydn IAB vit ICD tfli
dtrdng trdn.
15
l6p rc cHUvEt't
oE vn DAp Aru rnl ruvEN sNH
\,
ToAN - TIN HOC DHTH TP HO CHi MINH 1994
(voNG r
- l.tcAY so/7/xee4)
x*l
! : x-
x Ndu
thiy
vr)a la rr6c
ciar -
kdt:Vdly!
VAy chi crj thd A ld m6t trong hai d6i crj mnt
d trAn chung kdt. Khi dd C, D vd .F' kh6ng iot vio
chung kdt. Ma B cfrng khOng thd vdo chung kdt
(khi dd khdng cci khing dinh ndo ld hoin todn
sai cA). Suy ra chi c<j thd E lot vdo chung kdt.
J:ol'
di6u kiOn.
* Ndu ! : x + 1 thi x : ! - 1. Do tinh d6i
xrlng cria hai s6 x vd y n6n ta c0ng tim 'ra cdc
cap s6 tudng rlng li (.x : 7, I : 2) vd (x : 2,
f(x)=
nhd.n gid.
lai
1 sd ld.
Ldi
giii:
nh6 n hdt,
gidi biti
udi n s6 thrlc.
1)r<okhidci
f(x) : MA + MB + MC + MD : MA + 3AB
+zBC+CD
Suy ra tr6n khoAng ndy, gi5 tri nh6 nhdt
dat dr;oc khiM : Avd bing 3A-B +2BC +CD.
2)a<r<bkhidri
f(x) = AM + MB + MC + MD
AB + 2MB
+2BC+CD
Suy ra tr6n kho6ng ndy, gi5 tri nh6 nhdt
dat dr:oc khi M : B vi bing A.B + 2BC + CD.
16
3)b<r<ckhidri
f(x) : AM + BM + MC + MD
CD = const
AB + zBC
4)c<x<dkhidd
f(x)
AM + BM + MC + DM = AB + 2BC
+ CD + 2CM,
Suy ra tr6n khoAng niy, girl tri nh6 nhdt
dat dtroc khi M : C vi bing,4JB + zBC + CD.
5)d<rkhid<j
f(x) : AM + BM + CM + DM : AB + zBC
+3CD+DM
Suy ra tr6n kho6ng nay, gi6 tri nh6 nhdt
dat duoc khi M : B vd bing,4-B + zBC + CD.
So s6nh cdc tnrdng hop tr6n, ta thdy f(x)
dat g15. tri nh6 nhdt Id AB + zBC * CD : b a +2(c - b) + (d - c) : d + c - b - a khi md6
<r<c.
IE'A vn IDA-Ifurg
nhaq. C6ggag BEI:^
^
IE:A- IDy'*luy ra BIL= ^B&"..-Do @JpC
+J.eA- BAC, suyra ABlt ACB+ BAC:
3 BAC = 180i'. Viy g<ic BAC : 60').
Y6in:2kthi
It' lr-o,l +l*-oyl>@*-a)
JIr -o.l + lr - ox-rl > (a*-, -or)
t:
I l, -o*l
t"
lr
Trrong tu v6i n
lx - al + l,
2k
-|
lx - o.p*l +
ccj
+ ... + o*_r)
Ddu bing xAy ra khi va chi khi x : ak.
BAi 5. Chotam gid.cABC c6 hai duisng phdn
gid.c trong BD ud. CE cat nhau tai I. Bidt rdng
ID = IE, ching minlylfutg hoQc tam gid.c ABC
cd.n. tai A hoQc g6c BAC : 600.
Ldi gini : Ndi A.I li dttdng phAn gi6c ctia
g6c A. Khi dd hai tam g16c IEA vit IDA cci c[p
***
(voNG 2 - NGAY 31.7.1ee4)
Bei f . Giei he phrrong trinh
I *'-*, *3y2:13
(1)
AB:AC:BC:3:4:5
BAi 3 : Chilng minh rang khdng t6n tai mdt
s6 nguy6n > 0
a2, d2, 03, ... sao cho v6i moi sd td nhi6n rz,
m ta c6 i on, : ar.* er_r,
Biri 4 : Chring minh ring tdn tai duy nhdt
hai sd nguy6n drtong x vd y th6a mdn c6c tinh
chdt sau
i) r vi y d6u ccj hai cht sd.
li)x:2y
iii) M6t chrf sd ciray thi bing tdng, cdn chrl
bing tri tuy6t ddi cira hi6u hai chtt s6
s6 kia
cta x.
Beri 5 : M6t tam giric ddu duoc chia thinh
m6t s6 hitu han cdctam gi6c con. Chrlng minh
ring s6 crj m6t tam gi6c con crj cA ba gric nh6
hon hay bing 120".
HOANG LE MINH
(TP Hb Chi Minh)
t
\.l\-
vlfr
11A
Phun 7 hi Thuy
Hanh.l0AI fr:ln
ISSN:0866-8035
Chi sd 12884
Mi
s6 : 8BT18M5
Qtr6c TtrAn.
V6 HOANG THAI
,t
Gi6:
2000d