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TheCreedof
heCreedofAlAl--a/w
w
"#%&'( +,-.( 01
TranslationWithAddedCommentary1
by
byShaykhAb
ShaykhAbdamaldamal-Narj
Narj2
Releasedbywww.marifah.net1428H
:B k,T6g9 \#+-g.A B +,@6j WT 6-` {We say with regards to the belief in the Oneness of
Allh,asbelievers,bythesuccessthat
Allh,asbelievers,bythesuccessthatAllh
,asbelievers,bythesuccessthatAllh
Allhgrants:}
grants:}
:}
1Thetranslationoftheoriginaltextisin{{bold}
bold}
bold}
2
ShaykhAbdamal-NarjconvertedfromchristianitytoIslmwhilelivinginChina.Hehassincestudiedand
receivedIjzahsinvariousworksofTanaffiqhandAshariaqdahfromtheMashyekhofDamascusandKuwait,
including:al-ShaykhMuhammadThiral-Afghn(AbulTasan),al-ShaykhMustafChebaro(astudentofMawln
al-ShaykhAbdulRazzqal-Talab),al-ShaykhImdNahlw,al-ShaykhA/madal-Shm(ShihbuddnAbAmr),
al-ShaykhA/madHajal-KurdandShaykhMuhammadJumuah(oneoftheprominentstudentsofMawlnal ShaykhAbdulRazzqal-Halab).
.C( n#01 o +@ B
.1
{Allh
{He
Allh isOne,}intheabsolutesense.Therefore,
isOne,}
doesnothaveapartner}orapart.
doesnothaveapartner}
CQpA W1 o
.2
{NothingresemblesHim}
{NothingresemblesHim}
rs?.# W1 o
.3
{NothingcanpreventHimfromhavingHisWill.}
{NothingcanpreventHimfromhavingHisWill.}
r0,u C( o
.4
{ThereisnotruegodotherthanHim.}
{ThereisnotruegodotherthanHim.}
.+g9< 9 b#+3
.5
Heis{Eternal
{Eternal
{Eternalwithoutanybeginning.}
withoutanybeginning.}
.%Sg`< 9 bx
.6
Heis{Everlastingwithoutanyend.}
{Everlastingwithoutanyend.}
{Everlastingwithoutanyend.}
+,_# o VI7# o
.7
{Hedoesnotbecomeannihilatedorgotoruin.}
{Hedoesnotbecomeannihilatedorgotoruin.}
.+#0# %A o 6Y# o
.8
{NothingexistsexceptwhatHehaswilled.}
{NothingexistsexceptwhatHehaswilled.}
xistsexceptwhatHehaswilled.}
%a C}Q_j o
.9
{WhatenterstherealmofideasdoesnotgraspHim}
{WhatenterstherealmofideasdoesnotgraspHim}
i.e. the reality of His self or His attributes. This is
because He does not have a limit, boundary, shape or
form as the author says explicitly below and ideas
arealwayslimited,astheythemselvesarecreations.
%STa C+j o
.10
%`a C_e# o
.11
{Humans do not
not resemble Him.}
Him.} Thus He does not
haveabody,limbs,placeordirection.
.12
{AttributedwithLife,notdying.Hecontrolsallthings
anddoesnotsleep.}
anddoesnotsleep.}
.13
Heis{acreatorwithoutanyneed.}
{acreatorwithoutanyneed.}
{acreatorwithoutanyneed.}
.14
{He provides
provides creation}
creation} with the provisions they get
"-eA <9 H%9 "T%A {without burden, creates death without fear of
anything,resurrectswithoutdifficulty.}
anything,resurrectswithoutdifficulty.}
.15
C-Q attributes,beforeHiscreationcameintobeing.}
attributes,beforeHiscreationcameintobeing.}Heis
eationcameintobeing.}
therefore not influenced by anything or anyone, and
fearsnoone.
.16
{Nothing was added to His attributes through their
Cg7f \A bSQ_3 existence, that He was not attributed with before.}
before.}
Thatis,Allhdoesnotchangebytheexistenceofnew
things, or changes in creation. He is not affected or
influenced by anything, because He has no beginning
andnoneeds.
.19
.20
W1 K VQH C`9 n(
.22
{ThisisbecauseHehasthePowertocreateanything}
{ThisisbecauseHehasthePowertocreateanything}
C,QH 0A K 0,-T C,( W1 K 0#+3 that could exist, {and everything needs Him, and that
.0,J# nothingisdifficultforHim.}
nothingisdifficultforHim.}
,() W1 V( %g&# o .23
{Hedoesnotneedanything.
{Hedoesnotneedanything.
(0,E_( ,DJ( 6 W1 CQpD
"#$%&) #*+& , 01 234* 6#&}
Meaning: He absolutely does not resemble anything
at all in any way, and He is Al-Hearing, All-Seeing.
(Al-Shr,11)
CDQ.9 kQ( kQ
.24
0d +3 bS( +3
.25
{He predestined for them their fates}
fates} in exact details
o%8 bS( in terms of good, evil, obedience, disobedience,
livelihood,happiness,unhappiness,andeverythingelse
related. {He appointed the times of their endings}
endings}
whichareabsoluteandnotsubjecttochange.
.27
{He ordered them to obey Him, and prohibited them
Cg,E.A \H fromdisobeyingHim.}
fromdisobeyingHim.}
whateverHehaswilledhappens,andwhateverHehas
notwilleddoesnothappen}.That
is, when a creation
notwilleddoesnothappen}.
willssomething,itisbecauseHehascreatedthatwillin
it.AllhsaidintheQurn(Al-Takwr),
\
,D(%.(
C Qh( %e# o
%ej %A
YoudonotwillanythingunlessAllhhaswilledit.He
has the Absolute Ownership of the worlds of jinn-,
human-andangel-kind.
{HecreatesdisobediencetoHiminwhoeverHewills,
and leaves defenseless}
defenseless} from sin or other loss {and
afflicts},andthisisall
afflicts},
{withjustice}fromHim.Thisis
{withjustice}
alljust,evenifHetorturedacreaturethathadnosins,
because Allh is the true and absolute owner of all
things; He created it all from non-existence. {All
creations alternate by His Will }
} in terms of what
happens to them and what they believe, think, speak
andact{between}
{between}thesetwo:{HisGrace}
{HisGrace}ifHeguides
{between}
{HisGrace}
anddefends, {andJustice,}ifHecreatesmisguidance
{andJustice,}
andloss.
Muslimnarratedthefollowing/adth(No.2577)3:
Whoever finds a good act in himself, let him praise
Allh for having granted it to him, and whoever finds
otherthanthat,lethimnotblameanyonebuthimself.
This is because Allh is not unjust for not having
granted him good deeds instead. If someone objects
against Allh for this, then he has fallen out of Islm,
just like Ibls. Ibls objected to Allhs order to
prostrate to Adam, and for this Allh cursed him for
havingcommittedunbelief.
+da\ H %.gA 6
.30
+`a matchoranequal.}
matchoranequal.}
U-.A o Cx%-( h o
.31
{NooneandnothingcanpreventHisdecree}interms
{NooneandnothingcanpreventHisdecree}
C J
7` o h\A 6Q# <T n( 0,u +8
\ A C Qh( +D &, QT 0,
+8
\ D T :1994/4 bQJA ,&f 3
%hI-# CQ n(P9 %IA r0Aa U(%u o CDY&( of what He has predestined, {or delay His rulings, or
r+IH \A < have any control over what He has willed to be. We
believeinallofthis,andarecertainthatallofit}that
believeinallofthis,andarecertainthatallofit}
is, all that happens {is}
{is} by His Will and in this sense
{fromHim.}
{fromHim.}
4 InterpretationfromFayoal-QadrV.5,P.331.
C&QE# %A V( r+J7# %DH CT0E# C`6E# B U,_@ \AD( :331/5 0#+-( ,T
B < 0-(
.35
AllhspoketoMoseswithoutlimbsorinstrumentsor
lipsoruvulas....HewhoclaimsthatourGodislimited,
isignorantoftheCreatorWhoisworshiped.
5 Tilyat al-Awly is a book written by Ab Nuaym Al-AXbahn 336h/948ad - 430h/1038ad was the greatest /adth
scholar of his time. Al-Dhahab said about him, the imm, the /fiu, the trustworthy and encyclopedic scholar, the
ShaykhofIslm...TheAuthoroftheTilyah...
{The Qur
Qurn is Allh
Allhs Speech.}
Speech.} That is, His eternal
and everlasting attribute of speech, not composed of
utterances.
.36
.37
{Allh
Allh made it descend down to His Messenger as a
revelation.}Thatis,thebookthatreferstoHiseternal
revelation.}
Speech was brought first from the Preserved Tablets
under Al-Arsh, to the Sky of this world. After that,
JibrldescendedtoEarthtonarrateittotheProphet"
asarevelationbitbybitoversometwentyyears7.
6 Thatthelettersandsoundsinabookisnotthespeechofthespeakeritselfistrueevenforhumanspeech,becausethat
speechissomethingattributedtothespeakerhimself,andcannotbeseparatedfromhim.Forexample,whenweread
thetranscriptofthespeechofsomepublicperson,suchasthepresidentoftheUnitedStates,thenthattranscriptisnot
thespeechitself,butawrittendocumentthatconveyswhathesaid.Despitethis,wecallthistranscriptthepresidents
speech,becausethisishowwerefertosuchdocuments.Itisjustthatthespeechreferredtobysuchatranscriptisa
speechwithlettersandsounds.ThewritinginthebookoftheQurn,however,referstoaspeechthatisnotlettersor
sounds.ItiscalledAllhsSpeech,becauseitconveyswhatcouldbeunderstoodfromHiseternalSpeech-theone
thatdoesnothaveabeginningoranend,doesnotchange,andisnotlanguage.
7 ThiswasindicatedbythecompanionoftheProphet,andhiscousin,IbnAbbs,andnarratedwithasoundchain of
narration.Source:Nral-DnAl-Haytham.Majmaal-Zawid.10vols.Beirut/Kairo:DrAl-KitbAl-Arabi/DrAlRaynLial-Turth,1986/7.
%DJ( WT s.( Z,9 WT d Vg@ +@" QD8 0-( s` %3 +-(" Q,( WT r%I(s` %` C(63 WT %_H \9\ H :140/7 +xs( D?A
%I= WT ,&E( %8 s_( %8 %Eg%9 s_( W`0_'( r bS(%DH %_.( < 6?9 bQ= C,QH B VQf +D&A VQH K#0_8 C(s` %,`+(
^,.d 6 %7}(+_H \9 0DH W`0_'(
[26/"BC*&" ]: ;
2#3>@;
}
which means: I will burn him in Hellfire. {Since
Allh
Allh threatenedwithHellfiretheonewhosays: this
isonlythe speechof a human
human weknowandare sure
that itisthesayingoftheCreatorofhumankind,and
that it}
it} is an expression that refers to Allhs Eternal
Speech which {does not resemble human speech,}
speech,}
because it is not language, words, sounds, letters or
sequencesofmeanings.
\A VI.D9 B^ f\ A .40
{Whoever attributed to Allh
Allh an attribute that has a
07 +-T 0e_( W`%.A meaning among the meanings that apply to humans
hascommittedblasphemy.}
hascommittedblasphemy.}
Notethecategoricalsenseofameaning,whichtells
us that this is true for any meaning that applies to
humans, not just some. For example, sequential
speech,havingadirection,abody,changingorthelike.
fordenyingthatAllhhaseternalSpeech,andonlyhas
created speech? Or is it the Tashawyah for denying
(implicitlyorexplicitly)thatanythingwithabeginning
must be a creation, and claiming that Allhs eternal
Speechislikethatofcreation,withsoundsandletters?
{HewillalsoknowthatHisattributesisnotlikethose
ofhumans.}Thesimplestwaytounderstandingthisis
ofhumans.}
tounderstandthatanythingthathasabeginning,even
ifitisaneventinsomethingthatalreadyexists,mustbe
created.Thisisclear,becausethefactthatthisthingor
event became existent, tells us that it must have been
broughtintoexistence,andbringingintoexistenceisto
create.Consequently,anythingthathasabeginningisa
creation. It is therefore absurd to say that something
hasabeginning,butisnotacreation.
Createdattributes,ontheotherhand,haveabeginning
in every sense and every aspect, because there is
nothing eternal about them. Therefore, anything that
resemblesacreationmustbeacreationitself,because
resemblance between two things can only be in some
senseorsomeaspect.
Inotherwords,Allhwillcreateaspecialabilityinthe
eyes of people in Paradise to see Him. This enables
them to see Him without Him being in a place, at a
distance,orhavingaform.
"J
KL KMON Q&" S
KL UV W ,X Y,Z}
Meaning: Faces of shining beauty are seeing Allh
(withoutHimbeinginaplace,atadistanceorhavinga
form)onthatday.(Al-Qymah,22-23)
{NofootstaysfirmlyinIslamexceptontheplatformof
surrender
surrender and submission}
submission} to Allh, by accepting His
ordersandprohibitions,andbyonlyattributingtoHim
attributesthatsurelybefitHim.{Sowhoeversoughtto
{Sowhoeversoughtto
know what he has been prevented from knowing, and
wasnotsatisfiedtoleaveittotheonewhoknowsit;his
wasnotsatisfiedtoleaveittotheonewhoknowsit;his
search will restrain the sincerity of his belief in the
OnenessofAllh
OnenessofAllh}
Allh}fornotsurrenderingthisknowledge
}
toHim{andthepurityofhisknowledge}
{andthepurityofhisknowledge}foritwillbe
{andthepurityofhisknowledge}
mixed with confusion {and}
{and} also his {soundness of
faith.Sohewilldanglebetweenblasphemyandbelief,
faith.Sohewilldanglebetweenblasphemyandbelief,
declaring true and declaring false, affirming and
denying}.Hewillbe{obsessedwithanxietiesandlost.
{obsessedwithanxietiesandlost.
denying}.
Doubting}always,hewill{not}
{not}be{believingfullyand
Doubting}
{not} {believingfullyand
notstubbornlydenying.}
notstubbornlydenying.}
{Beliefintheseeing}
{Beliefintheseeing}ofAllhwithoutHimbeingina
eing}
place, direction or at a distance {for the people in
Paradise is not sound if one considers it to be
accordingtoideasthatentertheheart}forsuchideas
accordingtoideasthatentertheheart}
ofseeing,willbeseeing ofwhathasmodality.Thatis,
involving rays, distance, direction and so on. It is
incorrect then, if one considers the seeing in this way,
{or
or interprets it according to what agrees with one
ones
understanding},
understanding}, and not according to what is
established by the Qurn, Tadths, or what sound
reason tells us absolutely must be true (such as
1+1=2).{Thisisbecauseinterpretationofthisseeing,
{Thisisbecauseinterpretationofthisseeing,
oranymeaningthatisascribedtogodhoodisdoneby
abandoninginterpretation,andadheringtounreserved
submission}tothetruthfulnessofsuchmeanings,even
submission}
ifonedoesnotunderstandthem. {Thisisthereligion
oftheMuslims.Whoeverdoesnotguardhimselffrom
denial}
denial} of meanings ascribed to Allh {or likening}
likening}
them to the meanings that are ascribed to created
things {will deviate, and will not be declaring Allh
Allh
clear of imperfection. For verily the One Who is Our
Lord He is great and gloriousglorious- is attributed with
attributesof}absolute
{OnenessandascribedtoHim
attributesof}
{OnenessandascribedtoHim
are attributes of}
of} absolute {Uniqueness}
{Uniqueness} in the sense
thatnooneelsehastheseattributes.{Nocreationhas}
{Nocreationhas}
{Nocreationhas}
attributeswiththemeaningof{Hisattributes.}
{Hisattributes.}
{Hisattributes.}
.47
{The six directions}
directions} up, down, front, back, left and
%H+g_D( 0x%J right {do not contain Him}
Him} because that would make
Him {likeallcreatedthings}astheyareeitherbodies
{likeallcreatedthings}
in a place or something that exists in a body. This
statement details even further the denial of limits to
Allh,forbeinginadirectionnecessarilyentailshaving
atleastalowerlimit.Attributingthephysicaldirection
attributedtoAllhanattributethathasameaningthat
applies to humans has committed blasphemy, and
thenstatedherethathavingadirectionappliestoall
createdthings.
0= +3 k@ 0.D( .48
WT CEe9 bQ= C,QH B VQf W_I(%9
\A B %1 ,@ V( b[ %DJ( V(" -,(
%A C,( V@ %1 %D9 B CA0 <.(
B VQET ( %A 7( P %A)V@
V(a 0 WT bQ= C,QH
{TheMi
{TheMirj}ascendancyoftheProphet"totheSkies
j}
{is true. And the Prophet " was taken on a night
journeyinperson,}notjustinvision,{whileawake,to
{whileawake,to
journeyinperson,}
theSky8,}asestablishedbyfamous/adthsacceptedby
,}
all{andthentowhere
{andthentowhereAllh
{andthentowhere Allh
Allh willedofhighplaces,}as
willedofhighplaces,}
statedinvarioussingularlynarrated/adthsthatdonot
reachthestatusofbeingfamous, {and Allh
Allh honored
him with whatever He willed, and revealed to him
whateverHerevealed:
whateverHerevealed:
KW &`_U KW
(Al-Najm,11)Meaning:TheProphets"heartdidnot
denyhissightofJibrlinoriginalform9.
Thisyahtellsofoneofthemajoreventsofthatnight.
A major revelation during that same night was the
prescriptionofthefivedailyprayers.
{SomayAllh
{SomayAllh
Allhraisehisrank,andprotecthisnation
fromwhathehatesforit,inthenextlifeandtheworld
beforeit.}Thissupplicationisinsertedwithinthis
beforeit.}
summaryofdoctrineassincereloveandaweforthe
8 TheSkyherereferstospecialplacesincreationinthedirectionofParadise.Itisnottheskythatwecanseewith
oureyes.
9 Sources:Al-Jallayn,Zdal-Masr
Prophet"overwhelmsAl--a/wmayAllhplease
him.
,0,. =
\
#0T %YQ( %`+g H %h`T C (6= C Qh(%9 \A # b( \A
Meaning:WhoeverdidnotbelieveinAllhorhasnot
combinedthiswiththebeliefinHisMessengerVerily
Allhhaspreparedfortheblasphemersafire10.
B rP P( %p,D( .51
{The covenant that Allh
Allh took from Adam and his
k@ Cg# \A V(%.j descendants}testifyingtoHisOneness{istrue.}
{istrue.}Asit
descendants}
{istrue.}
isstatedintheQurn(Al-Arf,172):
VQH
b + S 1 bS g #h b 6S
\A WI9 \A n
9 P
%h` " A %,- ( 6# 6(6-j %`+S 1
VQ9 6(%3 bY 9 0 9 Z
J( bS J
7 `
10 TafsrAl-Nasaf
\
,QT %u P\ H
%hI
Meaning: and remind the People, O Mu/ammad,
about when the One Who is Your Lord extracted the
descendants of Adam from their backs (where the
essence of each descendant stems). He gave them
minds to reason, and they testified (verbally, orin the
sense of having witnessed the obvious signs of Allhs
Onenessincreation)thatHeistheirLordandtheonly
trueGod.
{Allh
Allh has known eternally
eternally the number of people
going to Paradise, and the number of those going to
Hell as a single total number. This number neither
increasesnordecreases.}Obviously,becausenothingis
increasesnordecreases.}
hidden from Allh about the future, past or present.
{Likewise,}Allhhasknowneternally{theirdeedsin}
{theirdeedsin}
{Likewise,}
{theirdeedsin}
termsof{whatHeknewfromthemthattheywoulddo.
{whatHeknewfromthemthattheywoulddo.
{whatHeknewfromthemthattheywoulddo.
C( kQ %D( 0J,A K
.53
{All have
have in their nature, and are prepared for, what
theyhavebeencreatedfor}intermsofgoingtoHellor
theyhavebeencreatedfor}
Paradise.
b,j6(%9 %DHa
.54
{Deeds}
{Deeds} of accountable people in their hearts and
bodies {are}
{are} judged {according to}
to} the state people
areinat {the}momentoftheirlives
{endings.}That
{the}
{endings.}
is,somemightspendtheirlivesdoinggooddeeds,but
turn to bad deeds at the end of their lives and go to
Hell.Ontheotherhand,somemightspendtheirlives
in bad deeds, but repent just before death and go to
Paradise.
a& c4W e: 3f
hg B KW,X i#jO 2WN ikO 0l ) * mX h Cn
g
) O @O " W _# l Kp3W 2 3g& q
j % X hg B a& c4W er sW
,pX hg B
c * j X c Z
"g & h C n
g 2 3g&,l C#j;
v0: 1
2 3Z
2 t "O
KO " #x
KMy #O 2 y #O
,pX KW Qgzn
Kgy& c c* j O
g KM3{
C# l e yg m
& c c * j O c * j# l
Kzp & 2#3f
|
% +# l
" # x
KMy # O 2 y # O
,pX KW Qgzn
e yg m
& c c* j O c * j# & cZ
"g &
Kgy& c c* j O c * j# l
Kzp & 2#3f
|
% +# l i#f
11
KM3{ C# l
Verilyoneofyouisgatheredinhismothersstomach
for forty days, then he is a blood-clot for forty days,
thenapieceofmeatforfortydays,thenAllhsendsan
angel ordered with four words: his provision, his end,
happy or miserable12. By Allh, verily one of you may
becommittingthedeedsofthepeopleofHell,untilhe
is only an arms length away, when (it is as if) his
destined end overwhelms him13 and he starts to
perform the works of the people of Paradise, and
entersit.Andverilyoneofyoumaybecommittingthe
deeds of the people of Paradise, until he is only an
arms length away, when (it is as if) his destined end
overwhelmshimandhestartstoperformtheworksof
thepeopleofHell,andentersit.
KnowledgeandWill.
whateverHehasnotwilleddoesnothappen.
[221/0-_( ]bY _ ?
H 6(
0 eA \A 0,
\A A +_ . (
Meaning: Verily a Muslim slave is better than an
idolater, even if he impresses you with his wealth,
beautyorsocialstatus.(Al-Baqarah,221)14
TheJabryahsectwenttotheotherextreme,andsaid
that humans have no choice at all, not even a created
kind.Theysaidthathumansarelikeleavesinthewind.
This latter sect was never very large, for this belief of
theirscontradictsobservablereality.
{Thisistheamountofknowledgeneededfortheone
who
whos heart is enlightened,}
enlightened,} and is thereby {among}
{among}
the highly upright Muslims called {the wal
wals of Allh,
Allh,
which}
which} i.e. the title of wal {is}
{is} for those who have
reached {the rank of being among the steadfast in
knowledge.Thisisbecauseknowledge}inthesenseof
knowledge.Thisisbecauseknowledge}
being without doubt {is}
{is} of {two}
{two} kinds: {knowledge
thatisaccessibletocreation,andknowledgethatisnot
accessibletocreation.The}categorical{denialof}
{denialof}the
accessibletocreation.The}
{denialof}
certaintyofanyof{theknowledgethatisaccessible}
{theknowledgethatisaccessible}to
{theknowledgethatisaccessible}
creation{isblasphemy.}
{isblasphemy.}
{isblasphemy.}
14 V.1,P.385,A/kmal-Qurn,IbnAl-Arab
0-_( bY_?H 6( 0eA \A 0, \AA +_.( V(%.j B %3 +3 %-T "#+-( sj K n(%A K= +3 :385/1 W90.(\ 9o 0-( %Y@
221
{Moreover,toclaimtohavetheknowledgethatisnot
accessible}
accessible} to creation, but is exclusive to Allh {is}
{is}
also {blasphemy.}
{blasphemy.} For example, claiming that some
creation knows everything, or the time of the Day of
Judgment. {Belief is not established except by
acceptingknowledgethatisaccessible}andestablished
acceptingknowledgethatisaccessible}
to be necessarily true {andabandoningthe search for
knowledgethatisnot}accessibletocreations.
knowledgethatisnot}
{AndwebelieveintheLaw/
{AndwebelieveintheLaw/}sometimesreferredtoas
tabletorbook,butwedonotknowtheexactform
of it. We believe in the existence of this Law/ that is
locatedbytheArshaboveParadise{andtheQalam},
{andtheQalam},
{andtheQalam},
thePenthatwritesonit,{a
{andallthatiswrittenonit.}
{andallthatiswrittenonit.}
ndallthatiswrittenonit.}
This includes all of the revealed books, such as the
QurnofProphetMu/ammad"andtheInjlofJesus
#. It also includes all events, big or small until the
DayofJudgment.Allhsaid(Al-Qamar,53):
[53/0D-( ]0'
g JA 0 ,_ 0 ,}f
K
Meaning:Allmatters,bigorsmall,arewrittendown.
{The}
{The} accountable among creation, that are called
absolute {slaves,}
{slaves,} because Allh is the absolute of
owner of all created things, {must know that Allh
Allh
preceded in knowing all that is to be among His
creation.Hepredestineditfirmlyandsurely,without}
creation.Hepredestineditfirmlyandsurely,without}
there being {any contradiction in it or}
or} possibility of
{overruling}against
{Him, oranythingthatcancease
{overruling}
or change it. There is nothing}
nothing} other than Him {that
reduces or increases His creation in the Skies or the
Earth. This is all part}
part} of the act {of belief, the
fundamentalsoffaith,andadmittingtotheOnenessof
Allh
AllhandHisabsoluteownershipofcreation.As
andHisabsoluteownershipofcreation.AsAllh
bsoluteownershipofcreation.AsAllh
Allh
saidintheQur
saidintheQurn:
"XC: Y Cg : l 01
cg | 3{
}
(Al-Furqn, 2) Meaning: And He created everything
andpredestinedit.{And
{AndAllh
{AndAllh
Allhsaid:
somethingsarenotbyHiswill.
l @O K:3W e: 3
0
;
"p &) W )%+
g & K*+
g & KW
;
"p & Q3f
"j & csl
e:3 & Q3f &`cs` 0
TheSevenSkiescomparedtotheKursislikearing
&@i#O K* i#z Z
cN i#O KW e Z
e KW e yg m
& 0l
e yg m
& KML " m
g ` KMyW eZ
KK3f
& `"K*+
g &
Y ,3+
l 2 3g& h z & @;
l
"j &
,pX KMt ,l i
W e j O &@
& `"
InParadisethereareonehundredlevels,thedistance
betweeneachofthemislikethatbetweentheSkyand
the Earth, and the (one called) The Firdaws is the
highest level. From it springs the four rivers of
Paradise,andaboveitistheArsh,soifyouaskAllh,
thenaskfortheFirdaws.16
TheProphet"alsotoldusthatitiscarriedbyAngels:
e*
1
i#O KW "j & e3* n
iW a3W if
NCn
0&
15Fat/al-Br,16/p.411
%9 %#
%3 b Qh=
C ,QH
ChQ( VhQf
ChQ( 6=
h %h_@
\9 C &
&
hf
P(h K#6'
h ( W9 #+@
WT :(411 / 13 )- 0?@ \9o %_( gT
\9 +,.=
C 8
0 +%?A \H
+%1 C (" -Q &
( VQH
%Q7 ( K
7 W
=
0Y ( VQH
0. ( KT %QT
9 %-QA " - Q&
%h( W
=
0Y ( A _J
h ( %DJ
h ( %A
. C IH
,&f
+ I J
9 0,J7gh( WT 6E
IA
16 SunanAl-Tirmidh4/675,No.2531.
%_H \H %J# \9 %'H \H bQ=\ 9 +# %I[+@ %D %`0_ %\ 9 +#s# %`0_\ D@0( +_H \9 B +_H %I[+@ 2531 : 675 4 PA0g(\ I=
%S` 0 ?
h 7 j %SIA " 8
%%QH
07 ( %DJ
h ( (\ ,9 %D\
,g 8
K
\
,9 %A " 8
" x %A " Ih?
( WT bQ= C,QH B VQf B 6= ZA%E(\ 9
r6&` bQ=\ 9 +#\ H %D %I[+@ %\ 9 +#s# %I[+@ ,IA \9 +D@ %I[+@
07 ( r 6QJ
T C Qh( b g (=
T
0. (
6Y# %S3 6T \A " . 9 ( " Ih?
(
Kf e K*j%;
"#+W 2:Kf Q& 2L
I was permitted to speak of an Angel among the
carriersoftheArsh.Thedistancebetweenhisearlobe
andhisneckissevenhundredyearsoftravel.17
{Allh
Allhdoesnotneedthe
doesnotneedtheArsh
Arshorwhatisbelowit.}Alorwhatisbelowit.}
-a/w details further the fact that Allh is notabove
the Arsh in place, in agreement with what he said
earlier: Allh is above having limits, extremes,
AllhsaidintheQurn(Mu/ammad,38):
V
I } ( C Qh(
Meaning: Allh is Al-Ghan, i.e. He has absolutely
noneeds.ThisshowsthatHeisnotabody,becausea
bodyneedsspace.ItalsomeansthatHedoesnotneed
placeoradirection,orothercreatedthings.
ItispuzzlinghowsomepeopleagreetosaythatAllh
doesnotneedplace,andatthesametimethatHeisin
it. This is as absurd as saying that He does not need
sleep,butsleeps;doesnotneedfood,buteats;doesnot
needason,buthasone.Allofthisisblasphemy,asAl-a/wclarifiedwhenhesaid:Whoeverattributedto
17
Fat/al-Br,14/p.49
\,9 %A 0. (" QD @
\A nQA \H
+ @
W(
b Qh=
C ,QH
ChQ( VhQf
ChQ( 6=
%3 :
%3 09%8 #+@
:(49 / 14 )- 0?@ \9o %_( gT
.,&E
h ( 01
VQH
r%I=
+Y I D ( \ 9 +hD&
A \H
%DS \9 b,09" #\ A bj%@ W9\ 9 69 C 8
0 %H " x %D._=
0,JA C-j%H V( C`" D&
1
18
Fayoal-Qadr,1/458.
0.( 6 b,H bJ8 %DJ( 6T VQH 6DQJD( k7j : 0( %A> %3 : 458 1 0#+-( ,T
blasphemy.
{AndHe}hascompleteknowledgeandcontrolofHis
{AndHe}
creation, so in this sense, not the sense of place or
direction, it is said in Arabic that Allh {surrounds
surrounds
allthings,and}it{is}
{aboveit}in
allthings,and} {is}alsosaidthatHeis{aboveit}
{is}
{aboveit}
Powerandstatus.
6 o
n
9 6I8
b Q.# %A
Meaning:NooneknowsthenumberofAllhsangels
exceptHe.
[125/%JI(< ],Q
b,09 C Qh( P
jh
Meaning:AllhhonoredIbrhmbyselectinghimto
benamedasHiskhall.
Totranslatekhallasfriendorthelikeistotranslate
literally in a way that can be misunderstood. Such
translation is sinful, even if the word may be
misunderstoodintheoriginalArabicalso,asagreedon
bythescholars19.
ItmustnotbeunderstoodfromAllhtakingakhall,
asHimhavingemotionsorfeelingsofloveoranything
else,becauseemotionschange,andcanthereforeonly
be created, as discussed earlier. Emotions are among
the meanings ascribed to humans, and it is therefore
blasphemoustobeascribethemtoAllh.
In his commentary on the Qurn, Fakhr al-Dn AlRz20 explained what the difference is between
someonesayingAllhsson,asawayofhonoringJesus
#, and Allhs khall (whichs apparent meaning is
friend) as a way of honoring Ibrhm #. He
explained that khall only gives the idea of being
highly honored and said: as for the word son, it
givestheideaofbeingfromthesamekind.
{And}
{And} we also say {that Allh
Allh spoke to M
Ms.}
.} with
19 Forallthesedetails,seeP.33-36,Shar/AsmAllhAl-Tusn,Al-FakhrAl-Rz,Al-MaktabahAl-AzharyahliAlTurth,Egypt,2000.ThishasbeenexplainedindetailonmycommentaryontheSansyah.
20 Fakhr al-Dn Al-Rz (544-606 Hijri calendar) is by many regarded as the greatest scholar of his time, and the sixth
renewerofthereligion,forthebeginningoftheseventhcenturyaftertheHijrah.HeistheImmofthescholarsofthe
beliefsciences.Hedevastatedthedeviantsectswithhisarguments.Theanthropomorphistsmadeittheirhabittoleave
notesforhimcontainingvariousinsults.Onetimeanotesaidthathiswifewasanadulteress.Hereadthenotetothe
crowdandthensaid,allofthisispossible,butatleastIdonotbelievethatAllhisinaplace.(Al-Zirikl6/313;TjalDnAl-Subk8/81-82;Al-afad4/176).
Thesearebasicsofthenarrational21beliefsofMuslims.
Allhsaid(Al-Baqarah,285):
C Qh(%9 \
A K
6IA D ( C 9 \ A C ,(
s ` %D9
6=0h (\
A
C Q=
\ A + @
\
,9
0 7 ` %( C Q=
C _ g C g Y x %QA
Meaning: The Messenger of Allh, Mu/ammad
believesinwhathasbeenrevealedtohimoftheQurn
by Allh, as do all the Believers (i.e. Muslims). All of
them believe in Allh and His Angels, Books, and
Messengers, and they do not distinguish between the
messengers. I.e. in a derogatory manner. They
respectandbelieveinallofthem.22
21 AnarrationalbeliefiswhatisestablishedastruebynarrationoftheQurnortheteachingsoftheProphet,andcannot
beknownbyreasonalone.
22 Tafsral-Jallayn.
o B WT 6` o .65
WT %?` o V(%.j B\ # WT %D`
C9 s` \,D(%.( < C` bQ.` 0-(
+D&A \,Q=0D( +,= CDQ.T \,Aa 0(
\,.D8 C_&f C( VQH C,QH B VQf
enoughMuslimsengageinthisatalltimes.
{Andwedonotargueaboutthe
{Andwedonotargueaboutthe Qur
Qurn,andweknow
thatitis}anexpressionthatrefersto{
{Allh
thatitis}
Allhs}eternal
s}
{Speech.Thetrustedspirit}Jibrl{descendedwithit}
{descendedwithit}
{Speech.Thetrustedspirit}
{descendedwithit}
from the Law/ were he first went to find it, and then
from the sky in intervals. {Then he taught it to the
Master of the
the Messengers, Mu/
Mu/ammad, may Allh
Allh
raisehisrank,andhavemercyuponallofhisfollowers
andcompanions.}
andcompanions.}
{WedonotsaythattheQur
{WedonotsaythattheQurniscreated.}becauseit
niscreated.}
referstoAllhsSpeechwhichiswithoutabeginningor
an end. One cannot say that the Qurn is created
meaning the book, because it is not respectful. To
illustrate:ifaMuslimuttersthenameofAllh,thenhe
is referring to Allh with this utterance. He is not
worshipingtheutterance,buttheoneitrefersto.Even
so, if someone said Allh is created, and then said
that he meant the utterance, not Allh Himself, he
would still be considered a blasphemer. This is for
havingwillfullysaidsomethingthatugly.Similarly,one
does not say that the Qurn is created and then I
meanthebook.Thisisjusttoillustrate,forsayingthis
abouttheQurnisnotasuglyassayingitaboutAllh.
0 ,u
_ gh # +S ( C ( \
,h_ j %A + .9 \A
6=0h ( k
3 %e# \A
0,EA %=
b Ih S 8
C QE` Vh(6 j %A C (6 ` \
,IA D ( K
,_=
Meaning:whoeverfollowsthepathofotherthanthe
Muslim Believers; Allh leaves him to do so in this
world,butwillhavehimthrownintotheHellfireinthe
next.Itisknownbythisthatfollowingthepathofthe
MuslimBelieversisanobligation,soifallthequalified
mujtahid scholars of an era agree on something, one
knows that theirs must be the right opinion. One also
knowsthatnotacceptingitwillbetofollowthepathof
otherthantheMuslimBelievers.
A 0# o 6-` o .67
{Wedonotsaythatcommittingsinsdonotharmifone
CQDH \D( U` >=< believes in Isl
Islm},
m} in contrast with the blasphemous
Murjiahsect.TheydeniedthatsinfulMuslimsmaybe
punishedforsometimeinHell.
Ihavebeenorderedtofightpeopleuntilthey profess
that there is no god but God, and Mu/ammad is his
Messenger.
WT CQ +@ %D#> .73
{TheBeliefinIslamisone,anditspeople}whichare
{TheBeliefinIslamisone,anditspeople}
6-g(%9 bSI,9 Kd%7g( 6= CQf theMuslims{areinitsessencethesame}
{areinitsessencethesame}becausethe
{areinitsessencethesame}
.V(a" A<A 6S(" 7(%A
essenceofbeliefistoacceptitastrueintheheart.Any
brought}ofteachings.
brought}
by {Allh
Allh while knowing}
knowing} the Absolute Oneness of
Allh {and believing}
believing} in Islm. {They},
{They} the Muslims
thatdiedhavingcommittedgreatsins,{willbesubject
{willbesubject
to what Allh
Allh has willed and judged. He will forgive
and pardon them if He wills as a grace, as He said in
HisNoblebook:}
HisNoblebook:}
%e# \D ( n
(
%A 0 7 }# C 9
0 e# 0 7 }# o C Qh(
h
Meaning: Verily Allh does not forgive associating
partners with Him. This is if one dies without having
repented from it, by entering Islm. He forgives
anything less than that, even without repentance, for
whomsoever He wills23. (Al-Nis, 48) Associating
partners with Allh, or shirk, here means any
blasphemy,forAllhalsosaid(Al-A/zb,64-65):
+9 %S,T \
#+(% 0,.=
bS ( +h H
\
#0T %Y(\
. ( C Qh(
h
Meaning: Verily Allh cursed the blasphemers, and
preparedforthemafirethattheywillbeinforever.
CQ >=< W
h ( %# bSQ( .78
{O Allh,
Allh, O the One Who Protects Isl
Islm and Its
C9 %-Q` Vg@ >=<%9 %IYJA People,makeussteadfastinIsl
People,makeussteadfastinIsl
ssteadfastinIslmuntilwemeet}the
muntilwemeet}
timeofdeaththat{You}
{You}havewilled,whilestillfirmly
{You}
{inIslam.}
{inIslam.}
09 K^ Q <E( 0`
23 TafsrAl-Nsaf.
.79
{Weholdtheviewthatprayerisvalidbehindanypious
orsinfulpersonamongthe peopleoftheQiblah,}i.e.
peopleoftheQiblah,}
the Muslims, as explained earlier. {We pray for
whomsoeverdiedamongthem.Wedonotaffirmwith
certitudeforanyspecificpersonamongthemthatheis
going to Paradise or Hell,}
Hell,} unless stated by the
Prophet"orintheQurn.{Wedonotsayaboutany
{Wedonotsayaboutany
ofthemthatheisinthestateofblasphemy,}i.e.heisa
ofthemthatheisinthestateofblasphemy,}
non-Muslim, {or shirk}, which is a specific kind of
blasphemy,{orhypocrisy}
{orhypocrisy}whichistobeablasphemer,
{orhypocrisy}
but pretending to be a Muslim. This is {if he did not
showanyofthat.}
showanyofthat.}
yofthat.}
+ @
C 9 %9 +- T 0 T % %# C ,( K
8
0h ( %3
%D
IfamansaidtohisbrotherOblasphemer!thenone
of them has become one. This is because if he was
rightinwhathesaid,thentheonehesaidittoistrulya
blasphemer. If he said it without a reason, however,
thenhehasnamedthismansapparentlycorrectbelief
inIslmblasphemous.Al-Khabsaidthatthisisnot
the case if he made the accusation for a plausible
reason,suchasifthismanhadideasthatdisagreewith
those of the Sunni Muslims, but not to the extent of
actuallybeingblasphemy24.
24 Umdatal-Qr,22/157.
0T% Kx%-(%T %9% % 0T% C( 6-D(%T 0Aa 7` WT %3%f % C`a %D+@ C9 8 %D+@ C9 %9 +-T C(63 :157/22 %-( +DH
C,QH 8 r%I.A K,3 n(P( K&gJD( VQH r6QD@ bS`9 U,8 6-( PS9 PYT ",E.D(%9 bQJD( 07Y# o K,3 07 %D#> 0T%\ AD( 6Y9 bY@ C`a
8 07Y(%9 C,a C,A b[9 %9 WI.# %'9 \9 %3 K#j C( \Y# b( Kx%-( C9 %9 W9%'( %3 CQpA 6\ A 07 C`a CJ7` 07 C` 0,7Yg(
6 %A % T %D#> WT C#%JA C`a CJ7` 0,7Yj r0,7Yj \A sQ,T \#+( WT CQpA 6ST 0T%\ Y# b( C`a 07Y( b[ C,QH 80# K,3 %9% % C,QH n(
%# 07Y( +#sj Wf%.D( a 07Y( V( C9 # C` r%I.A K,3 %# WA0( k&gJ,T 07 n(P9 C9 WA0D( k&g= % n( C,T %# 6ST 07 C,T
C,( 0,ED( %SA1 "_3%H 6Yj %SIA 0pYD( VQH
deserves it.}
it.} Al-Bukhr narrated that the Prophet
Mu/ammad"said:
h B o C ( o +S e# Vg@ %I( K
j %3
0A
n( 6Q. T T %sh ( 6j#< hE( 6D,-# C Qh( 6= +Dh &
A
VQH bS 9 %J@
(=< k
&
9 o bS (6A b %A WIA 6DE
H
C Qh(
Ihavebeenorderedtofightpeopleuntiltheyprofess:
there is no god but God, and that Mu/ammad is the
prophetandmessengerofGod;andtheyperformthe
specialprayerofIslm,anditsspecialalmspayment.If
theydothat,thentheyhaveprotectedtheirbloodfrom
being spilled by me, and their properties from being
takenbyme-exceptifIslmprescribesotherwise-and
the accounting for their deeds is submitted to Allh.
(a//Al-BukhrNo.25,1/17).
VQH 0( 0` o .81
6H+` o %8 %`6A o %IgDx
bSgH% \A +# sI` o bSIA +@ VQH
b( %A "#0T "H% \A bSgH% 0`
<E(%9 bS( 6H+`" ,E.D9 0A#
%T%.D(
{Wedonotholdtheviewthatoneshouldrebelagainst
theIm
theImms}i.e.thekhalfahs,thesinglesupremerulers
ms}
ofallMuslimsatdifferenttimes{and}
{and}the{guardians}
{guardians}
{and}
{guardians}
whoareundertheircommand,suchasgovernors,{and
{and
we do not supplicate against them and we do not
disobeythem.Rather,weholdthatobediencetothem
isanobligation,aslongaswhattheyorderisnotasin,
isanobligation,aslongaswhattheyorderisnotasin,
and we ask Allh
Allh to mend their ways and protect
them}fromdisobeyingHim.
them}
themselves.Afterall,Allhpunishesperpetrators,not
perpetrations.
.84
{Wesaywhensomethingisuncleartous:Allh
Allh
{Wesaywhensomethingisuncleartous:
Allh knows
CDQH %I,QH best,
best,} for only He has complete knowledge of all
things.
25 Al-Mughn,1/174.
673 %A W_I( V( 6.T %A bQ= C,QH B VQf B 6= %&f\ H %p#+@ 6.9 C,T W1 JD(\ A W_Q3 WT ,( +D@ %3 :174/1 WI}D(
KET
26 Badial-ani,1/7.
" H
+9 %YT '
invalidates them.}
them.} This is because the primary
functions of the imm is to unite all Muslims and to
defendthemandtheirreligion.
Allhsaid(Al-Infir,10-12):
%A
6DQ.# (11) \
,_j % %A0( 10) \,T %&( bY ,QH
h
(12)
6Q. 7j
Meaning:Verilythereareangelsthatwatchoveryour
deedsandtheyhaveanoblerankinAllhsJudgment.
Theyrecordyourdeedsinwriting,andknowwhatyou
doofgoodandevil.27
6.8
0j bY 9 V( bh [ bY 9 K
P(h
6D ( n
QA b %hT6 g # K3
Meaning:TheAngelofdeathmakesyoudiethrough
takingyoursouls,andhedoesthisasorderedbyAllh
(thecreatorofthisangelsactionsandtheactionsofall
creation.)Thenafterthatyouareresurrectedforthe
accountingofdeedsandpunishmentorreward28.
{Webelieveinthetortureofthegraveforwhomsoever
deservesit,}andAllhdidnotforgive,{andinMunkar
{andinMunkar
deservesit,}
andNak
andNakrsquestioningofthedeadpersoninhisgrave
aboutwhohisLordisandhisreligionandhisprophet,
accordingto/
accordingto /ad
adthsnarratedfromtheProphet"
snarratedfromtheProphet and
hiscompanions.}
hiscompanions .}
.}
27 TafsrAl-Nasaf
28 TafsrAl-Nasaf
ontheDayofJudgment,andthepresentationofone
ontheDayofJudgment,andthepresentationofones
deeds,theaccountingofthedeeds,thereadingofthe
book of one
ones deeds, reward, punishment
punishment and the
bridge}extendingoverHelltoParadise.
bridge}
.93
{Paradise and Hell are both creations}
creations} and thus both
+,_# o %,I7# haveabeginning,but{theydonotendorperish.}
{theydonotendorperish.}
{theydonotendorperish.}
ThisisbecauseAllhhasnotwilledforthemtoend.
Umdatal-Qr21/227)
{andwhosoeverHewilledHellfireforwillbeputthere
as a justice from Him},
Him} because He has merely put
whatHehasabsoluteownershipover,intheplacethat
Hehaschosen.
{Alldodeedsaccordingtowhathasbeenrecordedby
{Alldodeedsaccordingtowhathasbeenrecordedby
thePenontheTablets,andproceedtowardswhatthey
havebeencreatedfor.}
havebeencreatedfor.}
.95
.%_.( predestinedforcreations.}
predestinedforcreations.}
{Andtheabilitywhichdeedsoccurby,issimultaneous
with the deeds. This ability is the one depending on
Allh
Allhs creation of the
the ability to do good, which is
forbiddentoascribetocreation.Asfortheabilitythat
is associated with health, capability, mastery}
mastery} of
knowledgeorskill,{anddefectfreeinstruments;this}
{anddefectfreeinstruments;this}
{anddefectfreeinstruments;this}
ability {is before the deed, and this is the ability that
accountability relates to. This ability is as Allh
Allh said
(Al(Al-Baqarah,286):
[286/":%& ]KMj ;
K+`L 2 3g&
3Np X }
Meaning: Allh does not obligate someone to do
somethingunlessitiswithinhisapparentphysicaland
intellectual ability. This is supposed ability, whereas
the ability that occurs with human action is realized
ability. This realized ability is only the ability to do
what was actually done, and nothing else. It is the
abilitytodotheactthathasbeenpredestinedbyAllh.
B kQ %_.( %.T
.97
{And the deeds
deeds of creation are created by Allh
Allh and
%_.(\ A UJ acquiredbycreation.}
acquiredbycreation.}
[96/%T%E( ]
6QD .j %A bY - Q
C Qh(
Meaning:Allhcreatedyouandwhatyoudo.
Allhalsosaid(Al-Baqarah,286):
[286/0-_( ]Z_ J
g %A %S,QH
Z_ J
%A %S(
Meaning:Thepersongetsforhimselfthegooddeeds
hehasgainedbyhisefforts,andagainsthimselfthebad
deedsthathehasgatheredbyhisshortcomings.
%A o V(%.j B bS7QY# b(
.98
6 bS7Q %A o 6-h,'# o 6-,'#
o 6-` B%9 o 63 o 6@ o 0,J7j
\H +@a 6&j o" 0@ o +@a "Q,@
+@a 63 o B`" 6.D9 o B" ,E.A
o %S,QH %_p( B" H% "A%3 VQH
.B k,T6g9
{Allh
Allh doesnotmakecreationsaccountableforother
than what they are capable of, and they are not
obligated to do other than what He has made them
accountable for. This is the explanation of the
expression:
expression:
KO ,t ,n }
Translation:Thereisnocapabilityorpowerexceptby
theWillofAllh.
%,@a %H WT
.100
{In
{Inthesupplicationsandcharitiestothepoormadeby
6A( ".7IA bSj%3+f those alive, there is benefit for the dead.}
dead.} That is, if
one supplicates for a dead person, or gives charity to
the poor intending the reward for it to go to a dead
person.
AsforthestatementintheQurn:
[60/0T%u] bY ( U?
g = W`6H b Y 9
%3
ApparentMeaning:Allhsaid:supplicatetomeandI
will answer your supplication. It does not mean that
any supplication is answered exactly as asked. Many
scholarssaidthattheyahmeans:Allhsaid:worship
MeandIwillrewardyou.
29
Fat/al-Br,11/95.
,&f
#+@
n
( WT +3 . C d
6. 9 %j C 9 %H %A \,. 9 -j %gT : "9%8( h6I g j \Y ( C ( %?g J
#
K
:95/11 %_( gT
+D@( %SQpA 6J(\ A C IH
0 f
%%h# ChQ( r %j %h( 6 H
+ 9 6H+# bQJ
A ( VQH
%A C.T ZA%hE(\ 9 %_H
#+@
\A b%&(
P A 0g( C 8
0
%h( b@" .,'3 %( b[ %S,T
,( 6H+9 6H+# bQJA \A %A C.T +,.=
W9 #+@
WT C ( C ( %0+h # %hA C ( %SQ?. # %hA 0#0 W9 #+@
\A
%[ 01
P . b%&( C &
&
hf
%SQpA 6J(\ A C I H
0E
# %hA 0
( WT C ( %0+h # %hA Cj6H
C ( K?. # %hA : %Q[ +@ %S9 ChQ( r %'H
%h( %SIA 0#0 W9 #+@
\A %9%9 \#0eH
+.9 Wj, =
n
(P ( %?g J# Vh`T
#+&
( _QD ( b.'D ( U, 6Y# %SIA 0 01
%S( " 9 %8Q(
. n(%A C 8
0 W( U?
g J# bQT 6H
K- # b( %A b + @
( %?g J
#
#+&
( K?.g J# 6Y#
o Vd0# U}# B
.103
{And Allh
Allh has Gh
Ghaoab}
ab} which refers to His Will to
6(\ A +@ punish someone, and should not be translated as
anger, {and Rio
Rio} which refers to His Will to
reward someone, and should not be translated as
pleasure. These are ascribed to Him, but their
meaning is {not like}
like} their meaning when ascribed to
{anycreation.}
{anycreation.}
nycreation.}
30
Muslim,2/703,No.1015.
W9\ H Z
9 %[ \9
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but
the
Prophet
"
renamed
him
AbdurRa/mn, {and Ab
Ab Ubaydah ibn AlAl-Jarr
Jarr/ -
andheisthetrustworthyoneofthisnation,mayAllh
andheisthetrustworthyoneofthisnation,may Allh
Allh
pleasethemall.}
pleasethemall.}
WT
6-(\
J
@\ A .107
{The one who speaks
speaks well of the companions of the
bQ= C,QH B VQf B 6= %&f MessengerofAllh
Messengerof Allh
Allh " ,hiswives
,hiswives whoareclearofall
Cj%# ` K\ A 0%'( C8
.%7I(\ A 09 +-T 8 K\ A \,=+-D( filthiness, and his descendants - who are free of all
disgrace,hasbeenclearedofhypocrisy.}
disgrace,hasbeenclearedofhypocrisy.}
MuslimnarratedthattheProphet"said:
b 0 Wg,9 K
WT C Qh( b 0 Wg, 9 K
WT C Qh( b 0
Wg,9 K WT C Qh(
IremindyouofAllhwithregardtothePeopleofMy
House.Similarly,AbBakr$said:
C g ,9 K
WT b Qh=
C ,QH
C Qh( VhQf
+Dh &
A 6_3
Respect Mu/ammad " through the People of His
House.
ThisisbecauseMuslimsshouldprotectoneanotherin
loyalty based on their common belief. Allh said (AlTawbah,71):
[71/"96g( ]
.9 %,( bS
.9
%IA D (
6IAD (
Meaning: the Muslim Believers are united as
protectors of one another, ordering good and
prohibitingevil32.
bS ` 6Q# \
#P(h bh [ bS ` 6Q# \
#P(h bh [ W`03 WgAh 0 ,
32 Zdal-Masr
{Webelieveintheprerequisitesofthelasthour,such
asthecomingofAl
asthecomingofAlAl-Dajj
Dajjl,}whoisahumanbeingthat
l,}
claimstobeGodandhasextraordinaryeventsoccurat
hishands,{andthedescentofJesus
{andthedescentofJesus#fromthesky}
fromthesky}
{andthedescentofJesus
fromthesky}
inhisreturntoEarth.ItwasdeclaredauthenticbyAlTkimandverifiedbyAl-DhahabthattheProphet"
saidaboutJesus#:
\
h Y QJ, ( %'J
-A %A%A o+H
%DY @
b#0A \9 VJ,H \
h'
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WQH bQJ
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h , j , ( %DSg ,hI 9 0D g .A %8%@ %8%?T
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h h (
Jesus, the son of Mary will descend (from the sky
where he is alive today) to be a just ruler and an
equitableimm.HewillgottoperformTajjorUmrah
pilgrimage or both together and he will come to my
grave in order to give his salm greeting to me, and I
33 Al-Mustadrak,2/651,No.4162.
\9 +D&A %I[+@ +,_H \9 VQ.# %I[+@ %6( +_H \9 +D&A %I[+@ 0,&( +D@\ 9 +D&A U,'( 69 W`0_ 4162 651/2\ ,&,&E( VQH +gJD(
b#0A \9 VJ,H \'_S,( bQ= C,QH B VQf B 6= %3 6-# 0#0 %9 Z.D= %3 "_,_@ V(6A %'H \H 0_-D( +,.= W9\ 9 +,.= \H %&=
6(6-T r6Dg# W WI9 0#0 69 6-# C,QH a WQH bQJ# Vg@ 0_3 \,j,( %DSg,I9 0Dg.A %8%@ %?T \YQJ,( %'J-A %A%A o+H %DY@
r%I= : W_P( %3 CIA +,_H \9 VQ.# C.D= ,&f : b%&( %3 - 0#+-( ,T ."3%,J( rPS9 r%80# b( %I=> ,&f #+@ P< J( nx0-# 0#0 69
.U#0u 6( %f
willanswerhim(Al-Mustadrak,2/561).
{Andwebelieveintherisingofthesunfromthewest,
and the coming of the animal of the earth from its
place.}
place.} Muslim narrated from Ab Hurayrah that the
Prophet"said:
K
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De
h (
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a
" 9h
There are three things that if they come, then the
belief of a blasphemer in Islm, or repentance of a
sinner are no longer accepted: the rising of the sun
fromthewest,thecomingofAl-Dajjl,andthecoming
oftheanimaloftheearth.
s ` %D9 0 7 +- T
6-# %D9 C 3 +h E
T %Th0H
%I % Vj\ A
" + Dh &
A VQH
Whoevercomestoasomeonewhoclaimstoknowthe
futureortohavepsychicknowledgeandbelievedwhat
he said to be true, has blasphemed against what has
beenrevealedtoMu/ammad".
34 Fat/al-Br10/216,Shar/al-Nawaw2/298,Mashriqal-Anwr2/145.
h0. ( U_=
V( %Ig =%( A ( WT - , =
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9 %_,}D ( VQH
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2 )- bQJA VQH 6I( 01 . K_-gJD( U,}(%9 0_# P(\ %Y( 686A 6 %DA V7 %D9 0_# P( 0.( K,3 U,}(" T0.A VH+# C`" (?\ S8
0. ( WT
% :
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h bHs# \A bS I A 6A( \ A 0,p
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h ( 0=
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: VhDJ
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b Qh=
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s ` %D9 0 7 +- T
6-#
Allhsaid(lImrn,103):
[103/0DH ] 630h 7 j o
Meaning:Donotsplitapart.
\A K8
J
C Qh(
6= %# 6(%3 " ,h Q %?( 6H
%9 %A
" I g IA %S`h T %6H
%-T %E`(\ A %Q8
\
#08
%SD (
What is it with the cryof the non-Islamic era? That
is, separate groups up against each other instead of
brotherhood. They told him what had happened, and
hesaid,Leavethiscry,foritisrotten.
a WT B\ # .114
{Allh
Allhs religion on earth and in the sky is only one,
B %3 \ >=<# 6 +@ %DJ( anditisIsl
anditisIslm.Allh
m.Allh
Allhsaid(
said(l
lImr
Imrn,19):
n,19):
%3 >=<( B +IH \#+() V(%.j
[19/*"f &; ]2 3g& C y f
i
XNC&
g }
(%I# >=< bY( Z,d)V(%.j
Meaning:Verily the one and only religion that Allh
acceptsisIslm.
{AndHeQ&Kjsaid(Alsaid(Al-Midah,3):
idah,3):
35
Fat/al-Br8/649.
\
#08
%SD Q( %#
0 8
%SD (
%3 %E`Q ( %#
%E` (
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8
\
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WT -8/649 0?@ \9o %_( gT
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C Qh(
6= %# 6(%3 " ,hQ %?( 6H
%9 %A
%-T b Qh=
C , QH
C Qh( VhQf
C Qh(
6= n
( D J
T
Al-Ghazlsaid:TheSalafgenerationofthenationof
Prophet Mu/ammads " followers agreed to blame
thosewithdeviantideas,andtoabandonthem,andto
cut relations with them, and to be hard in rebuking
them,buttonotbehardondifferentviewsindetailsof
jurisprudence.36 The same was stated by Al al-Dn
Al-Bukhr37.
{ByAllh
{By Allh
Allh aloneistheprotectionfrombadbeliefsand
Healonecreatestheabilitytodogood.}
Healonecreatestheabilitytodogood.}
36 AbTmidAl-Ghazl.A
l-MustaXfFIlmal-UXl.Beirut,Lebanon:DarAl-KotobAl-ilmyah,1413.
VQH +#+eg( 0j A bS,QH %Y`> +#+ej bS.A "_&E( '3 bSj08%SA" H+g_D( VQH "Aa^ Q= %7j :350/1 V7EgJD(
C-7( 0T x07( Kx%JA WT \,7QgD(
37 Alal-DnAl-Bukhr.Kashfal-Asrr.4vols.Beirut,Lebanon:DarAl-KotobAl-ilmyah,1418/1997.
bgII P( bYI bY( 07\ #PQ( K#6T 07\ #P( \ n( V(%.j C(6- VE&# o %DA P VQH "(+( %# : 25/4 0=a^ e
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67}( 6S_` \#P( s?.D(%9 \#+#D( K=0(\ A .9(" a\ A UE` K-.(\ A bS3 %D9 k&(" 9%f VQH b+3 C`a +=%T =6( WT ,( %A ^,QYj
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. 07( Kx%JA WT \,7QgD( VQH +#+eg( 0j A bS,QH %Y`> +#+ej bS.A "_&E( '3 bSj08%SA