(EC21) Sample Dictionary For SW (EN-VT) PDF

Vietnamese Style Guide
Contents
What's New? .................................................................................................................................... 4
New Topics ................................................................................................................................... 4
Updated Topics ............................................................................................................................ 4
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 5
About This Style Guide ................................................................................................................ 5
Scope of This Document .............................................................................................................. 5
Style Guide Conventions .............................................................................................................. 5
Sample Text ................................................................................................................................. 5
Recommended Reference Material ............................................................................................. 6
Normative References .............................................................................................................. 7
Informative References ............................................................................................................. 7
Language Specific Conventions ...................................................................................................... 8
Country/Region Standards ........................................................................................................... 8
Characters ................................................................................................................................ 8
Date ........................................................................................................................................ 14
Time ........................................................................................................................................ 16
Numbers ................................................................................................................................. 18
Sorting ..................................................................................................................................... 22
Geopolitical Concerns ................................................................................................................ 39
Grammar, Syntax & Orthographic Conventions ......................................................................... 40
Adjectives ................................................................................................................................ 40
Articles .................................................................................................................................... 41
Capitalization .......................................................................................................................... 42
Compounds............................................................................................................................. 43
Gender .................................................................................................................................... 43
Genitive ................................................................................................................................... 44
Modifiers ................................................................................................................................. 44
Nouns ...................................................................................................................................... 45
Prepositions ............................................................................................................................ 47
Pronouns ................................................................................................................................. 48
Punctuation ............................................................................................................................. 49
Singular & Plural ..................................................................................................................... 53
Split Infinitive ........................................................................................................................... 53
Subjunctive ............................................................................................................................. 54
Symbols & Non-Breaking Spaces........................................................................................... 54
Syntax ..................................................................................................................................... 54
Verbs ....................................................................................................................................... 55
Word Order ............................................................................................................................. 57
Style and Tone Considerations .................................................................................................. 58
Audience ................................................................................................................................. 58
Style ........................................................................................................................................ 58
Tone ........................................................................................................................................ 59
Voice ....................................................................................................................................... 59
Localization Guidelines .................................................................................................................. 61
General Considerations ............................................................................................................. 61
Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................... 61
Accessibility ............................................................................................................................ 61
Acronyms ................................................................................................................................ 61
Applications, Products, and Features ..................................................................................... 63
Frequent Errors ....................................................................................................................... 63
Glossaries ............................................................................................................................... 64
Fictitious Information ............................................................................................................... 64
Recurring Patterns .................................................................................................................. 64
Standardized Translations ...................................................................................................... 64
Unlocalized Items.................................................................................................................... 64
Using the Word Microsoft ....................................................................................................... 65
Software Considerations ............................................................................................................ 65
User Interface ......................................................................................................................... 65
Messages ................................................................................................................................ 66
Keys ........................................................................................................................................ 69
Document Translation Considerations ....................................................................................... 74
Titles ....................................................................................................................................... 74
Copyright ................................................................................................................................. 74
What's New?
Last Updated: February 2011
New Topics
The following topics were added:
Hint about translating from English to Vietnamese for localization processes
Updates on new changes in localization information.
Updated Topics
The following topics were updated:
n/a
Introduction
This Style Guide went through major revision in February 2011 in order to remove outdated and unnecessary
content. It contains information pertaining to all Microsoft products and services.
About This Style Guide

The purpose of this Style Guide is to provide everybody involved in the localization of Vietnamese Microsoft
products with Microsoft-specific linguistic guidelines and standard conventions that differ from or are more
prescriptive than those found in language reference materials. These conventions have been adopted after
considering context based on various needs, but above all, they are easy to follow and applicable for all types of
software to be localized.
The Style Guide covers the areas of formatting, grammatical conventions, as well as stylistic criteria. It also
presents the reader with a general idea of the reasoning behind the conventions. The present Style Guide is a
revision of our previous Style Guide version with the intention of making it more standardized, more structured,
and easier to use as a reference.
The guidelines and conventions presented in this Style Guide are intended to help you localize Microsoft products
and materials. We welcome your feedback, questions and concerns regarding the Style Guide. You can send us
your feedback via the Microsoft Language Portal feedback page.
Scope of This Document

This Style Guide is intended for the localization professional working on Microsoft products. It is not intended to
be a comprehensive coverage of all localization practices, but to highlight areas where Microsoft has preference
or deviates from standard practices for Vietnamese localization.
Style Guide Conventions

In this document, a plus sign (+) before a translation example means that this is the recommended correct
translation. A minus sign (-) is used for incorrect translation examples.
In Microsoft localization context, the word term is used in a slightly untraditional sense, meaning the same as e.g.
a segment in Trados. The distinguishing feature of a term here is that it is translated as one unit; it may be a
traditional term (as used in terminology), a phrase, a sentence, or a paragraph.
References to interface elements really only refer to translatable texts associated with those interface elements.
Example translations in this document are only intended to illustrate the point in question. They are not a source
of approved terminology. Always check for approved translation in the Microsoft terminology database.
Sample Text
Knh gi:
anh Phan Hong Khim

33 Trng Vnh K
5
M Tho - Tin Giang

Tel:
073 880 479
H Ni ngy 1/11/2000
Anh Khim thn mn,
V vn dch sch, xin anh thng cm cho l nhng sch ti dch trc ht l phc v cho hiu bit
ca mnh, cho mnh hiu tht thu o th phi vit ra. Anh ni ng y, y l vic chuyn ng, khng phi
dch sch. V quan im ca ti l phn nh trung thnh ht mc vi nguyn bn, k t cch hnh vn, k t
phong cch ca tc gi, k t tng cu ch. Ti khng c kh nng to ra c nhng cu ni hay hn tc gi.
Ti ch c gng lm cho cu ting Vit st tng t ca cu gc. Tuy nhin khi lm iu ny, cu ting Vit c
t nhin tun ra m ti chng phi trau chut g. Ti cm nhn trc tip tnh yu v tm lng ca ngi ni ni
li trong ting Vit. Cho nn mc d cu vn c theo kiu nc ngoi, c v khng Vit vn, th cng khng sao.
iu c bn l linh hn ca nhng t c chuyn sang ting Vit.
Xin anh c cm nhn trc tip tnh cm ca ngi ni. y l nhng bn kinh nguyn gc do ngi chng
ng tht ra, cho nn n phi c phn nh trung thnh nht trong mi ngn ng, trong ting Vit. Cho d c
cch ni ting Vit c th hay hn cho cu y, ti cng khng chn cch ni , ti xin gi nguyn tng ng
tng t vi cc cu trong bn gc. iu c bn l ngi c cm nhn chnh tc gi, ci v li xuyn qua cu
ch. Cn nu ta cha hiu c iu ng trong , th y l chng ta phi c gng nng mnh ln cao hn
hiu, ch khng th h thp nhng li ni bng cch l gii ca ring chng ta.
Vic ham thch c sch v tm hiu nhng cch ngh mi, cch sng mi l quan trng, nhng cha .
Ngi ta phi c bin i sau khi c qua nhng sch ny. Nhng sch ny chnh l nhng li xuyn thu
lm thay i tn gc r cuc i chng ta, lm cho con ngi c cht i v con ngi mi hon ton trong
tro sinh ra. Cuc sng ch c th tt ln, khi ngi ta t bin i tm thc mnh theo hng nh vy.
Mong rng anh c sch v i vo nhng chiu su nh th ca chnh bn thn mnh. iu s l nim
hnh phc v bin ca s tn ti.
Thn mn,
Ng Trung Vit
Vin Cng ngh Thng tin
18 Hong Quc Vit
H Ni - Vit Nam
Chnh li ngy 20/4/2006 lc 18:10
Recommended Reference Material

Use the Vietnamese language and terminology as described and used in the following publications.
Normative References
These normative sources must be adhered to. Any deviation from them automatically fails a string in most cases.
When more than one solution is allowed in these sources, look for the recommended one in other parts of the
Style Guide.
T in Ting Vit 2008 - Trung tm T in hc v Nh xut bn Nng pht hnh nm 2008.
T in Chnh t - Hong Ph Trung tm T in hc v Nh xut bn Nng pht hnh nm 2006.
Chnh t ting Vit - Hong Ph - Trung tm T in hc v Nh xut bn Nng, pht hnh nm 2003
T in Lc Vit MTD2002 created and distributed by LacViet Computing Corporation.
http://www.lacviet.com.vn/lcmsweb/Default.aspx?pageid=353
5. T in Tin hc - in t - Vin thng Anh - Vit v Vit Anh Nh xut bn Khoa hc K thut pht
hnh nm 2005
1.
2.
3.
4.
Informative References
These sources are meant to provide supplementary information, background, comparison, etc.
1. http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trang_Ch%C3%ADnh
2. T in Gii thch Thut ng Cng ngh thng tin Anh Anh - Vit Tc gi Trng Vn; Quc Bnh
Nh xut bn Thng K pht hnh nm 2005
3. Unikey software, http://www.unikey.org/
Language Specific Conventions

This part of the style guide contains information about standards specific to Vietnamese.
Country/Region Standards
Characters
Country/region
Vietnam
Lower-case characters
a, , , b, c, d, , e, , g, h, i, k, l, m, n, o, , , p, q, r, s, t, u, , v, x, y
Upper-case characters
A, , , B, C, D, , E, , G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, , , P, Q, R, S, T, U, , V, X, Y
Characters in caseless
scripts
n/a
Extended Latin characters
, , , , , ,
, , , , ,,
Note on alphabetical order
Alphabetical order is based on the list above of letters in the alphabet.
Total number of characters
29 letters, totally 58 in all lower and upper cases

A
0041
0061
0041, 0301
0061, 0301
0041, 0300
Unicode codes
0061, 0300
00c2
00e2
0102
0103
0041, 0303
0061, 0303
00e2, 0301
00c2, 0300
00e2, 0300
0102, 0301
0103, 0301
8
Country/region
Vietnam
0102, 0300
0103, 0300
00c2, 0303
00e2, 0303
0102, 0303
0103, 0303
0041, 0309
0061, 0309
00c2, 0309
00e2, 0309
0102, 0309
0103, 0309
0041, 0323
0061, 0323
00c2, 0323
00e2, 0323
0102, 0323
0103, 0323
0042
0062
0043
0063
0044
0064
0110
0111
0045
0065
0045, 0301
0065, 0301
0045, 0300
0065, 0300
00ca
00ea
9
Country/region
Vietnam
0045, 0303
0065, 0303
00ca, 0301
00ea, 0301
00ca, 0300
00ea, 0300
00ca, 0303
00ea, 0303
0045, 0309
0065, 0309
00ca, 0309
00ea, 0309
0045, 0323
0065, 0323
00ca, 0323
00ea, 0323
0066
0046
0047
0067
0048
0068
0049
0069
0049, 0301
0069, 0301
0049, 0300
0069, 0300
0049, 0303
0069, 0303
0049, 0309
0069, 0309
0049, 0323
0069, 0323
10
Country/region
Vietnam
004a
006a
004b
006b
004c
006c
004d
M 006d
m 004e
N
006e
004f
006f
004f, 0301
006f, 0301
004f, 0300
006f, 0300
00d4
00f4
004f, 0303
006f, 0303
00d4, 0301
00f4, 0301
00d4, 0300
00f4, 0300
00d4, 0303
00f4, 0303
004f, 0309
006f, 0309
00d4, 0309
00f4, 0309
01a0
01a1
004f, 0323
006f, 0323
11
Country/region
Vietnam
01a0, 0301
01a1, 0301
01a0, 0300
01a1, 0300
00d4, 0323
00f4, 0323
01a0, 0303
01a1, 0303
01a0, 0309
01a1, 0309
01a0, 0323
01a1, 0323
0050
0070
0051
0071
0052
0072
0053
0073
0054
0074
0055
0075
0055, 0301
0075, 0301
0055, 0300
0075, 0300
0055, 0303
0075, 0303
0055, 0309
0075, 0309
01af
01b0
12
Country/region
Vietnam
0055, 0323
0075, 0323
01af, 0301
01b0, 0301
01af, 0300
01b0, 0300
01af, 0303
01b0, 0303
01af, 0309
01b0, 0309
01af, 0323
01b0
0323
0056
0076
W 0057
w
0077
0058
0078
0079
0059, 0301
0079, 0301
0059, 0300
0079, 0300
0059, 0303
0079, 0303
0059, 0309
0079, 0309
0059, 0323
0079, 0323
005a
007a
In September 2001, Vietnam's Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment

(MOSTE) issued the TCVN 6909:2001 standard, which is based on ISO/ICE
13
Country/region
Vietnam
10646 and Unicode 3.1, as the new national standard for Vietnamese 16-bit
character encoding.
The letters "F", "J", "W" and "Z" is not in the Vietnamese alphabet, but may
encounter in words borrowed from foreign languages. "W" is sometimes used in
abbreviations for "". There are suggestions that these four letters should be
added into the alphabet for legal use to meet the development of modern
Vietnamese language.
Vietnamese script Quoc ngu has 6 tones.
Apart from the base form of a syllable without tone mark, there exist also 5 other
forms with tone marks included:
Notes
grave (huyn), hook above (h i), tidle (ng), acute (sc), dot below (nng).
Tone marks belong to the syllable and are put above or below one vowel letter of
each syllable.
The precise position of tone mark in a vowel is decided by 4 rules, mentioned at
Appendix B.5 Rules for tone mark position in syllables.
Date
Country/region
Vietnam
Calendar/Era
Gregorian calendar and Lunar calendar
First Day of the Week
Monday
First Week of the Year
The week with the first Monday after 1 January
Separator
Default Short Date

Format
d/M/yy
Example
17/3/11
Default Long Date Format d/M/yyyy

Example
17/3/2011
Additional Short Date

Format 1
d-M-yy
Example
17-3-2011
Additional Short Date

Format 2
n/a
14
Country/region
Vietnam
Example
n/a
Additional Long Date

Format 1
ngy d thng M nm yyyy
Example
ngy 17 thng 3 nm 2011
Additional Long Date

Format 2
ngy d thng MMMM nm yyyy
Example
ngy 17 thng ba nm 2011
Leading Zero in Day Field

for Short Date Format
No
Leading Zero in Month

Field for Short Date
Format
No
No. of digits for year for

Short Day Format
Leading Zero in Day Field

for Long Date Format
No
Leading Zero in Month

Field for Long Date
Format
No
Number of digits for year

for Long Day Format
Date Format for

Correspondence
ngy d thng M nm yyyy
Example
ngy 17 thng 3 nm 2011
Notes
The Additional Long Date Format 2 rarely used recently. The names of months in
the Additional Long Date Format 2 are written in lower case.
d is for day, number of d's indicates the format (d = digits without leading zero, dd =
digits with leading zero, ddd = the abbreviated day name, dddd = full day name)
Abbreviations in Format
Codes
M is for month, number of M's gives number of digits. (M = digits without leading
zero, MM = digits with leading zero, MMM = the abbreviated name, MMMM = full
name)
y is for year, number of y's gives number of digits (yy = two digits, yyyy = four digits)
15
Time
Country/region
Vietnam
24 hour format
Yes
Standard time format
H:mm:ss

example
15:07:02
Time separator
Colon (:)
Time separator examples
15:07:02
Hours leading zero
No (Leading zero is not compulsory)
Hours leading zero example
3:24:12
String for AM designator
SA
String for PM designator
CH
Notes
n/a
Days
Country/region: Vietnam
Day
Normal Form
Abbreviation
Monday
th hai
t2
Tuesday
th ba
t3
Wednesday
th t
t4
Thursday
th nm
t5
Friday
th su
t6
Saturday
th b y
t7
Sunday
ch nht
cn
16
First Day of Week: Th hai

Is first letter capitalized?: No
Notes: In Vietnamese names of days of week are considered as common noun, so first letter is not capitalized.
Example 1: First letter is capitalized as it is beginning of sentence (Ch nht).
Ch nht ny ny ti v qu (This Sunday I am going to my country)
Example 2: In the middle of sentence the first letter is not capitalized (ch nht)
Ti sinh vo ch nht, 29 thng 12 nm 1960 (I was born on Sunday 29 December 1960)
Months
Month
Full Form
Abbreviated Form
Long Date Form
January
thng mt
thng 1
February
thng hai
thng 2
March
thng ba
thng 3
April
thng t
thng 4
May
thng nm
thng 5
June
thng su
thng 6
July
thng b y
thng 7
August
thng tm
thng 8
September
thng chn
thng 9
October
thng mi
10
thng 10
November
thng mi mt
11
thng 11
December
thng mi hai
12
thng 12
Is first letter capitalized?: No

Notes: Names of months in Lunar calendar
Thng ging
Thng hai
Thng ba
Thng t
Thng nm
Thng su
Thng b y
Thng tm
17
Thng chn
Thng mt
Thng chp
In Vietnamese names of months are considered as common noun, so first letter is not capitalized
Month is not capitalized in

date format
Numbers
Country
Vietnam
Decimal separator
Description
Comma
Examples
100,05 15900,05
Entire part leading zero
Yes
Examples
0,123
Digit groupping symbol
Description
Dot
Examples
123.456.789
Negative sign symbol
Description
Minus
Examples
-123,456
Notes
n/a
18
Dot is used as digits

grouping symbol
Phone Numbers
Country/
region
International
Dialing
Code
Area
Codes
Used?
Number of
Digits Area
Codes
Separator
Number of
Digits
Domestic
Digit
Groupings
Domestic
Vietnam
+84
Yes
2; 3
Space
8; 9
(##) #### ####;

(###) ### ####
Country/
region
Number of
Digits
Local
Digit
Groupings
Local
Number of
Digits Mobile
Digit
Groupings
Mobile
Number of
Digits
International
Digit
Groupings
International
Vietnam
#### ####
9; 10 (when
calling from
overseas)
(###) ######
11; 12
+84 # ####
####: +84 ##
#### ####
10; 11 (from
calling from
inside Vietnam)
Notes: n/a
Addresses
Disclaimer: Please note that the information in this entry should under no circumstances be used in examples as
fictitious information.
Address Format:
1. [Title/Honorific] FamilyName MiddleName Name
2. [CompanyName]
19
3. Address1
4. [Address2]
5. City
6. Country
Example Address:
ng. Nguyn Th Trung
DTT Technology Group
141 L Du n
Hon Kim
H ni
Vit Nam
Local Postal Code Format: n/a
Notes:
[Title/Honorific]
ng/B/C/Anh/Ch/TS (Tin s)/GS (Gio s)/BS (Bc s)/PGS (ph Gio s)/ThS (Thc s)
Currency
Country/region
Vietnam
Currency Name
Dong; International Currency Code: VND
Currency Symbol
Currency Symbol Position
After
Positive Currency Format
123.456.789,00
Negative Sign Symbol
Minus (-)
Negative Currency Format
-123.456.789,00
Decimal Symbol
Number of Digits after Decimal
Digit Grouping Symbol
###.###.###,##
Number of Digits in Digit

Grouping
Positive Currency Example
###.###.###,##
Negative Currency Example
-###.###.###,##
ISO Currency Code
ISO 4217
Currency Subunit Name
hao
20
Currency Subunit Symbol
xu
Currency Subunit Example
100,45 = 100VND, 4 hao, 5 xu
Currency symbol is
placed after number
Digit Groups
Decimal Separator: ,
Decimal Separator Description: Comma
Decimal Separator Example: 100,05; 15900,05
Thousand Separator: .
Thousand Separator Description: Period
Thousand Separator Example: 100.000; 100.000
Notes: n/a
Period is used in product versions only. Example: MS-DOS 6.22; Windows 3.11
It is acceptable to omit thousand separator (dot) for numbers with 4 digits in their integer part. E.g. 1000.
Numbers not in regular text may or may not have thousand separators. For examples, values in Excel do
not have thousand separators.
Measurement Units
Metric System Commonly Used?: Yes
Temperature: Celsius
Category
English
Translation
Abbreviation
Linear Measure
Kilometer
Kilm t
km
Meter
M t
Decimeter
xim t
dm
Centimeter
Xentim t
cm
21
Category
Capacity
Mass
English Units of
Measurement
English
Translation
Abbreviation
Millimeter
Milim t
mm
Hectoliter
Hctlt
hl
Liter
Lt
Deciliter
xilt
dl
Centiliter
Xentilt
cl
Milliliter
Mililt
ml
Ton
Tn
n/a
Kilogram
Kilgam
kg
Pound
Pao
Gram
Gam
Decigram
xigam
dg
Centigram
Xentigam
cg
Milligram
Miligam
mg
Inch
In-x
n/a
Feet
n/a
Mile
Dm
n/a
Gallon
Galng
n/a
Notes: n/a
Percentages
The percent sign (%) in documentation (including online documents) not should be separated from the number
with a non-breaking space: 10%.
Sorting
1. Capital letters and lowercase letters are equal. No distinction is made between them.
Sorting rules
2. The extended characters , , , , , and keep their orders as their positions in the
alphabet.
3. The characters f, j, z, w are sorted as their positions in the Vietnamese alphabet.
4. In sorting, tone marks could be considered as a character and put behind the last letter of
its syllable and their sorting weights are less than all other letters' in the alphabet.
22
5. The rules for sorting Vietnamese syllable in the dictionary order are following:
65
97
Rule 1: sorting words by the order of letters in the alphabet, regardless of the tone
mark in the word.
Rule 2: sorting by tone marks between the syllables of words with same consonants
and vowels but different tone marks. The order between them is defined by order of
tone marks.)
65, 679
97, 769
65, 768
97, 768
194
226
258
259
65, 771
97, 771
226, 769
194, 768
226, 768
Character
sorting order
258, 769
259, 769
258, 768
259, 768
194, 771
226, 771
258, 771
259, 771
65, 777
97, 777
194, 777
226, 777
258, 777
259, 777
65, 803
97, 803
23
194, 803
226, 803
258, 803
259, 803
66
98
67
99
68
100
272
273
69
101
69, 769
101, 769
69, 768
101, 768
202
234
69, 771
101, 771
202, 769
234, 769
202, 768
234, 768
202, 771
234, 771
69, 777
101, 777
202, 777
234, 777
69, 803
101, 803
202, 803
24
234, 803
102
70
71
103
72
104
73
105
73, 769
105, 769
73, 768
105, 768
73, 771
105, 771
73, 777
105, 777
73, 803
105, 803
74
106
75
107
76
108
77
M 109
m 78
N
110
79
111
79, 769
111, 769
79, 768
111, 768
25
212
244
79, 771
111, 771
212, 769
244, 769
212, 768
244, 768
212, 771
244, 771
79, 777
111, 777
212, 777
244, 777
416
417
79, 803
111, 803
416, 769
417, 769
416, 768
417, 768
212, 803
244, 803
416, 771
417, 771
416, 777
417, 777
416, 803
417, 803
80
112
81
113
82
26
114
83
115
84
116
85
117
85, 769
117, 769
85, 768
117, 768
85, 771
117, 771
85, 777
117, 777
431
432
85, 803
117, 803
431, 769
432, 769
431, 768
432, 768
431, 771
432, 771
431, 777
432, 777
431, 803
432
803
86
118
W 87
w
119
88
27
120
121
89, 769
121, 769
89, 768
121, 768
89, 771
121, 771
89, 777
121, 777
89, 803
121, 803
90
122
The order of tone marks is following:
123
a
a dua
a xt
i
um
hu
Examples of
sorted words
phin
i
c
c b
i
i n
i ch
28
i lc
i m
i nam i n
...
ba o
ba u su tay
ba u
ba gc
ba gc
ba gai
...
ch u h u
ch u ra
chu
ch u
ch u chng
ch u chuc
chu
chu thau
...
dn s
dn thng
dn tnh
dn tc
dn tc ch th
dn tc a s
...
...
veo
veo veo
v o
v o
v o von
vo
v o
29
v o v
...
yu qu
yu sch
yu thng
yu
yu a
yu im
yu ui
yu h n
yu
yu iu
yu tng
chaque
chemin
cote
Czech
irdisch
lie
lire
llama
luck
lye
myndig
pint
pylon
savoir
Sietla
subtle
symbol
verkehrt
vox
waffle
wood
yen
yuan
yucca
zoo
Zviedrija
30
zysk
List of characters with Unicode codes of TCVN 6909:2001:

Dec
Hexa
Character
Description
32
20
SPACE
Space
33
21
Exclamation mark
34
22
Double quotes
35
23
Number sign
36
24
Dollar sign
37
25
Percent mark
38
26
&
Ampersand
39
27
Single quote
40
28
Opening parenthesis
41
29
Closing parenthesis
42
002A
Asterisk
43
002B
Plus sign
44
002C
Comma
45
002D
Minus sign - Hyphen
46
002E
Period
47
002F
Slash
48
30
Zero
49
31
One
50
32
Two
51
33
Three
52
34
Four
53
35
Five
54
36
Six
55
37
Seven
56
38
Eight
31
Dec
Hexa
Character
Description
57
39
Nine
58
003A
Colon
59
003B
Semicolon
60
003C
<
Less than sign
61
003D
Equal sign
62
003E
>
Greater than
63
003F
Question mark
64
40
At symbol
65
41
Letter A
66
42
Letter B
67
43
Letter C
68
44
Letter D
69
45
Letter E
70
46
Letter F
71
47
Letter G
72
48
Letter H
73
49
Letter I
74
004A
Letter J
75
004B
Letter K
76
004C
Letter L
77
004D
Letter M
78
004E
Letter N
79
004F
Letter O
80
50
Letter P
81
51
Letter Q
82
52
Letter R
83
53
Letter S
84
54
Letter T
85
55
Letter U
32
Dec
Hexa
Character
Description
86
56
Letter V
87
57
Letter W
88
58
Letter X
90
005A
Letter Z
91
005B
Opening bracket
92
005C
Backslash
93
005D
Closing bracket
94
005E
Caret - circumflex
95
005F
Underscore
96
60
Grave accent
97
61
Letter a
98
62
Letter b
99
63
Letter c
100
64
Letter d
101
65
Letter e
102
66
Letter f
103
67
Letter g
104
68
Letter h
105
69
Letter i
106
006A
Letter j
107
006B
Letter k
108
006C
Letter l
109
006D
Letter m
110
006E
Letter n
111
006F
Letter o
112
70
Letter p
113
71
Letter q
114
72
Letter r
115
73
Letter s
33
Dec
Hexa
Character
Description
116
74
Letter t
117
75
Letter u
118
76
Letter v
119
77
Letter w
120
78
Letter x
121
79
Letter y
122
007A
Letter z
123
007B
Opening brace
124
007C
Vertical bar
125
007D
Closing brace
126
007E
Equivalency sign - tilde
160
00A0
NBSP
Non- break space
192
00C0
Letter A with grave accent
193
00C1
Letter A with acute accent
194
00C2
195
00C3
Letter A with tilde
196
00C8
Letter E with grave accent
197
00C9
Letter E with acute accent
198
00CA
204
00CC
Letter I with grave accent
205
00CD
Letter I with acute accent
210
00D2
Letter O with grave accent
211
00D3
Letter O with acute accent
212
00D4
213
00D5
Letter O with tilde
217
00D9
Letter U with grave accent
218
00DA
Letter U with acute accent
219
00DD
Letter Y with acute accent
224
00E0
Letter a with grave accent
Letter
Letter
Letter
34
Dec
Hexa
Character
Description
225
00E1
226
00E2
227
00E3
Letter a with tilde
232
00E8
Letter e with grave accent
233
00E9
Letter e with acute accent
234
00EA
236
00EC
Letter i with grave accent
237
00ED
Letter i with acute accent
242
00F2
Letter o with grave accent
243
00F3
Letter o with acute accent
244
00F4
245
00F5
Letter o with tilde
249
00F9
Letter u with grave accent
250
00FA
Letter u with acute accent
253
00FD
Letter y with acute accent
258
102
Letter
259
103
Letter
272
110
Letter
273
111
Letter
296
128
Letter I with tilde
297
129
Letter i with tilde
360
168
Letter U with tilde
361
169
Letter with tilde
416
01A0
Letter
417
01A1
Letter
431
01AF
Letter
432
01B0
Letter
768
300
Grave (`)
769
301
Letter a with acute accent
Letter
Letter
Letter
35
Dec
Hexa
Character
Description
770
302
Circumflex (^)
Like in , , ,
771
303
774
306
Br v
777
309
Hook
Like in , , ,
795
031B
Hook above
Like in , ...
803
323
Dot below
Like in ,
7840
1EA0
Letter A with dot below
7841
1EA1
Letter a with dot below
7842
1EA2
Letter A with hook above
7843
1EA3
Letter a with hook above
7844
1EA4
7845
1EA5
Letter with acute accent
7846
1EA6
Letter with grave accent
7847
1EA7
7848
1EA8
Letter with hook above
7849
1EA9
7850
1EAA
Letter with tilde
7851
1EAB
Letter with tilde
7852
1EAC
Letter with dot below
7853
1EAD
7854
1EAE
7855
1EAF
7856
1EB0
7857
1EB1
7858
1EB2
7859
1EB3
7860
1EB4
Letter with tilde
7861
1EB5
Letter with tilde
7862
1EB6
36
Dec
Hexa
Character
Description
7863
1EB7
7864
1EB8
Letter E with dot below
7865
1EB9
Letter e with dot below
7866
1EBA
Letter E with hook above
7867
1EBB
Letter e with hook above
7868
1EBC
Letter E with tilde
7869
1EBD
Letter e with tilde
7870
1EBE
7871
1EBF
7872
1EC0
7873
1EC1
7874
1EC2
7875
1EC3
7876
1EC4
Letter with tilde
7877
1EC5
Letter with tilde
7878
1EC6
7879
1EC7
7880
1EC8
Letter I with hook above
7881
1EC9
Letter i with hook above
7882
1ECA
Letter I with dot below
7883
1ECB
Letter i with dot below
7884
1ECC
Letter O with dot below
7885
1ECD
Letter o with dot below
7886
1ECE
Letter O with hook above
7887
1ECF
Letter o with hook above
7888
1ED0
7889
1ED1
7890
1ED2
7891
1ED3

37
Dec
Hexa
Character
Description
7892
1ED4
7893
1ED5
7894
1ED6
Letter with tilde
7895
1ED7
Letter with tilde
7896
1ED8
7897
1ED9
7898
1EDA
7899
1EDB
7900
1EDC
7901
1EDD
7902
1EDE
7903
1EDF
7904
1EE0
Letter with tilde
7905
1EE1
Letter with tilde
7906
1EE2
7907
1EE3
7908
1EE4
Letter U with dot below
7909
1EE5
Letter u with dot below
7910
1EE6
Letter U with hook above
7911
1EE7
Letter u with hook above
7912
1EE8
7913
1EE9
7914
1EEA
7915
1EEB
7916
1EEC
7917
1EED
7918
1EEE
Letter with tilde
7919
1EEF
Letter with tilde
7920
1EF0

38
Dec
Hexa
Character
Description
7921
1EF1
7922
1EF2
Letter Y with grave accent
7923
1EF3
Letter y with grave accent
7924
1EF4
Letter Y with dot below
7925
1EF5
Letter y with dot below
7926
1EF6
Letter Y with hook above
7927
1EF7
Letter y with hook above
7928
1EF8
Letter Y with tilde
7929
1EF9
Letter y with tilde
8220
201C
Opening double quotes
8221
201D
Closing double quotes
Geopolitical Concerns
Part of the cultural adaptation of the US-product to a specific market is the resolving of geopolitical issues. While
the US-product should have been designed and developed with neutrality and a global audience in mind, the
localized product should respond to the particular situation that applies within the target country/region.
Sensitive issues or issues that might potentially be offensive to the users in the target country/region may occur in
any of the following:
Maps
Flags
Country/region, city and language names
Art and graphics
Cultural content, such as encyclopedia content and other text where historical or political references may
occur
Some of these issues are relatively easy to verify and resolve: the objective should be for the localizer to always
have the most current information available. Maps and other graphic representations of countries/regions and
regions should be checked for accuracy and existing political restrictions. Country/region, city and language
names change on a regular basis and need to be checked, even if previously approved.
A thorough understanding of the culture of the target market is required for checking the appropriateness of
cultural content, clip art and other visual representations of religious symbols, body and hand gestures.
39
Guideline
As country/region and city names can change, please use the most up-to-date Vietnamese list for every release
of your product.
Grammar, Syntax & Orthographic Conventions

This section includes information on how to apply the general rules of the Vietnamese language to Microsoft
products and documentation.
Adjectives
In Vietnamese, adjectives should be handled in the following manner.
1. Adjective has the syntax role to specify a noun or pronoun. Normally adjective go after noun, in the case
adjective go before noun, the meaning is changed
Example 1: im yu (weak point)
Example 2: Yu im (Important point)
2. When a phrase with two (or more) adjective, the position of the adjectives in the phrase to the noun gives
the phrase different meaning.
Example 3: C gi p i xe (Beautiful riding girl)
Example 4: C gi i xe p (Girl riding nice car)
Example 5: Mnh ny c l i ting Vit (This sentence has Vietnamese error(s))
Example 6: Mnh ting Vit ny c l i (This Vietnamese sentence has error(s))
Example 7: Thit k ng dng ha (Graphic Application Design)
Example 6: Thit k ha ng dng (Application Graphic Design)
Possessive adjectives
In Vietnamese Possessive adjective is
and ca is added before personal pronounce.
40
Example:
Possessive
adjective in English
Personal pronounce
in Vietnamese
Possessive
adjective in
Vietnamese
(+) Ti
(+) Ca ti
(+) Bn, anh, ch
(+) Ca bn, Ca
anh, Ca ch
His
(+) Anh y, ng y
(+) Ca anh y, Ca
ng y
Her
(+) C y, b y
(+) Ca c y, Ca
b y
Its
(+) N
(+) Ca n
Our
(+) Chng ti, chng

ta
(+) Ca chng ti,

Ca chng ta
Your
(+) Cc bn, cc anh,

cc ch
(+) Cc bn, cc anh,

cc ch
Their
(+) H, chng ta
(+) H, chng ta
My
Your
Articles
General considerations
The general rule is that product names are not translated if they include the word Microsoft and/or are
trademarked (for example, Microsoft Draw or Microsoft Graph). The Microsoft PM and/or Subsidiary should
always be contacted for final approval before you translate a product or component name.
Unlocalized Feature Names
Microsoft product names and non-translated feature names are used without definite or indefinite articles in the
English language. Product names and non-translated feature names should also be treated as proper nouns in
Vietnamese.
English example
Vietnamese example
Windows Mail shares your Internet Connection

settings with Internet Explorer
(+) Windows Mail chia s thit t kt ni Internet ca

bn vi Internet Explorer
Website addresses will be sent to Microsoft
(+) a ch website s c gi cho Microsoft
41
Localized Feature Names

Translated feature names are used with a definite or indefinite article as they are not treated as proper names.
English example
Vietnamese example
Hide the Task Manager when it is minimized
(+) Giu Task Manager khi n c lm ti thiu
Check for updates in your installed Media Player's

language
(+) Kim cp nht trong ngn ng ca Media Player

thit lp
Articles for English Borrowed Terms

When faced with an English loan word previously used in Microsoft products, consider the following options:
Motivation:
o The popular English words or the words when translated cause ambiguity (OK, tab, flip-flop,
).
o The proper nouns, such as font names, font type (TrueType, Calibri, arial, time new roman ).
o The familiar words for Vietnamese (monitor, modem, ).
o Abbreviations (MS-DOS, PC, Tablet-PC, ).
o The words if translated into Vietnamese to be long (README file, Script, )
o The terms of new concepts or new technology that translation can be confusing and have unclear
meaning
Analogy:
o Vietnamese belongs to South Asia system, but with Latin characters (more extended specific
vowels and 5 tones) and there are terms and words derived from Chinese and French. In this
case there is analogy, e.g, console (mt nghing, bn iu khin), ziczag (ch chi or dch dc),
Capitalization
If the first word in the English source string is capitalized, the corresponding first word in the target language
should also be capitalized. If the word in the English source string is not capitalized, the corresponding first word
in the target language should also not be capitalized, unless language-specific rules specify different
capitalization.
In Vietnamese, only the first character in a sentence is capitalized.
Proper names are capitalized the first character for each word.
First character of every sentence is

capitalized and each word of feature
name is capitalized
42
Compounds
Generally, compounds should be understandable and clear to the user. Overly long or complex compounds
should be avoided. Keep in mind that unintuitive compounds are ultimately an intelligibility and usability issue.
One principal to be remember is that when there many consecutive nouns and verbs, select the last one as noun
and consider every precedent nouns as adjectives for this noun.
The order of Vietnamese compounds is inverse in comparison to the corresponding English compounds. See
example in the below table.
English examples
Vietnamese example
Internet Accounts
(+) Ti khon Internet
Logon script processing
(+) X l script ng nhp
Workgroup Administrator
(+) Ngi qun tr nhm lm vic
Internet News Server Name
(+) Tn my phc v tin Internet
Gender
You should always recognize your audiences sensitivity to male and female stereotypes. Instead of stressing
gender differences or reinforcing stereotypical distinctions between men and women, use language that is as
neutral as possible. The neutral approach also applies to the localization of scenarios, comparisons, examples,
illustrations, and metaphors.
Create a balance when assigning roles and functions to men and women (active vs. passive roles, leading vs.
secondary roles, technical vs. non-technical professions, and so on). Scenarios, pictures, metaphors, and
comparisons should be based on areas and attributes common to both genders.
Instead of using phrases which mention the two genders separately, use a general term that includes both
genders such as people, users, or persons.
Avoid writing sentences that refer to a single person whose gender is unknown. You can often avoid this situation
by rewriting the sentence to make the subject plural. In cases where a reference to a single person is impossible
to avoid, do not use he or she, him or her, or his or hers. Also, generally avoid the use of slashes to combine
both genders (although sometimes exceptions are made - see table below).
43
Linguistic method
Example
Context
Use a Neutral noun
(+) person, leader, team lead,

expert, employee, user.
Concept descriptions, explanations
Combine both genders by means

of a slash
(+) he/she, s/he
Only in exceptional cases such as

License Terms, sometimes in
tables (headers or column/row
titles, for example)
Genitive
This section does not apply to Vietnamese, instead use of (ca).
Modifiers
Grammatical modifier:
Like in English, in Vietnamese there are adverbs and adjectives prototypically function as modifiers, but in
Vietnamese a word can be either adverb or adjective, e.g. Cng vic d dng (ease work), d dng s dng (Use
easily), s dng d dng (ease use).
(+) Adjective goes after noun

(+) Adverb go before verb
Example:
Easy planning work (+) D dng lp k hoch cng vic
Planning ease work (+) Lp k hoch cng vic d (dng)
Because in Vietnamese adjective go after noun. In some cases, like in other languages (French, Russian) the
meaning changes depending to position of adjective (before or after noun). Example:
(+) Ngi ngh o - Poor man Homme pauvre (French)
(+) Ngi ng thng - Pauvre homme (French)
(+) im yu weakness
(+) Yu im The essential point
Premodifiers and Postmodifiers
Like in English, adverbs and adjectives prototypically function as modifiers
This will be explained in the proper case (in the case thats right for it)
(+) iu ny s c gii thch trong trng hp thch hp
This will be explained in the case proper (in the case itself)
(+) iu ny s c gii thch trong trng hp ring bit
44
Dangling modifiers:
Not exists in Vietnamese. In Vietnamese we use while, during (trong lc, trong khi, va
va)
Nouns
General considerations
1. (+) Normally noun goes before adjective:
Vn bn ting Vit - Vietnamese text
2. A word can be adjective or adverb.
(+) d may be adjective or adverd, so the order of words is very important.
Dch vn bn ny d Translate this text easily; d is adverb
Dich vn bn d ny -- Translate this ease text; d is adjective
3. Noun as genitive: (Vietnam)
(+) H thng truyn hnh (ca) Vit Nam Vietnam television system
4. Proper geographic names, human name: (+) In Vietnamese all the first letters are capitalized.
(+) H Ni - Hanoi
(+) Vit Nam - Vietnam
(+) TP H Ch Minh Hochiminh City
(+) Hoa K -- USA
5. Common noun: First letter of noun is not capitalized, except Initial letter in the new sentence (new line or
after punctuation mark.
(+) Ngn ng ting Vit Vietnamese language
(+) But we accept capitalize first letter like in English:
M t Nh cung cp D liu Tin cy -- Trusted Data Provider Description
6. Noun as complement-object for transitive verb:
Sao ch p on vn bn sau Copy the following paragraph
Inflection
1. Tense
(+) In Vietnamese the tense is used with additional word, such as:
Present (ang being):
H thng ang lm vic c lp - The system is working independently
H thng lm vic c lp - The system works independently
(+) But in the case if not necessary to emphasize, it will be omitted
- Future (s will)
2. Grammatical Mood
In Vietnamese complements are not modified by mood, instead a word is added, like in English:
45
ca of
( ) But in some case we need add ca (of) for clarity.

Maximum Cache Age Tui Ti a ca B m n
3. Grammatical voice
- Active voice: (+) The order of words in the sentence determines the meaning:
Ti qun l h thng - I manage the system
H thng qun l ti - The system manages me.
4. Aspect: n/a
In Vietnamese the additional word is added, e.g. va (just, venir de in French), s (to be
Ti va dch bi ny - I just translated this article
(+) Mai ti (s) i TP HCM Tomorrow Im going to HCM City
ing) and
5. Person: (Like in English)
Pronoun
I
You
Pronoun in Vietnamese
Person/Plurality
(+) Ti
First person singular
(+) Bn, anh, ch

(+) Cc bn, cc anh, cc
ch
Gender
Second person singular /

plural
He
(+) Anh y, ng y
Third person singular,

masculine / gender third
person singular
Masculine
She
(+) C y, b y

feminine
Feminine
(+) N

neuter
Neuter
(+) Chng ti, chng ta
First person plural
(+) H, chng n
Third person plural/genderneutral third person
It
We
They
(+) In Vietnamese pay attention when use n, chng n and h:

B m tooti sng qu. Ch nht ny ti v thm h (Not chng n) -- My parents are living in the country. This
Monday I am going to see them.
Ti gh t chng n (not h) I hate them.
B ti gi ri, ti rt yu ng y My father is old, I love him
Plural Formation
In Vietnamese we add cc or chng to specify plural in Personal Pronouns:
46
Example:
Cc bn
You
Neuter
Cc anh
You
Plural, masculine
Cc chi
You
Plural, feminine
Chng ti
We
Plural, neuter
Chng ta
We
Plural, neuter This includes second person too (you), that means (we + you)
Adding article cc and nhng before noun:

Cc (+) Plural indefinite article
Nhng (+) Plural definite article
Example:
Trong
tnh nng, n
n tnh nng sau l quan trng nht
Among features the following features are most important
Prepositions
Pay attention to the correct use of the preposition in translations. Influenced by the English language, many
translators omit them or change the word order.
Prepositional phrases in English need to be translated according to their context; anglicisms should be avoided.
The table below contains frequently used verbs and the prepositions that follow them.
US Expression
Vietnamese Expression
Comment
to can be translated as ti/n,
not recommended to use sang
migrate to
di tr n
Migrate from
di tr t
import to
Chuyn nhp n
import from
Chuyn nhp t
export to
Xut chuyn n
export from
Xut chuyn t
update to
cp nht ln
upgrade to
nng cp ln
change to
i sang
sang: - across, normally move

from this side to other side, at the
same level
47
US Expression
click on
bm vo
connect to
kt ni vi
welcome to ...
cho mng ...
Comment
The examples below contain frequently occurring noun phrases that are preceded by a preposition. Please use
this table as a reference.
When there is a progress or improvement to will be translated as ln
(+) Cp nht ln update to
(+) Nng cp ln upgrade to
There is a correspondence between English prepositions and Vietnamese ones. But in some case the usage of
prepositions may be different in comparison their normal meanings. That shows the different conceptions
between peoples. For example:
in English "A bird flies in the sky", its translation in Vietnamese is
(+) "Con chim bay trn tri" not
(-) "Con chim bay trong tri"
even the normal translation of "in" is "trong" and of "on" is "trn"
US Expression
in the toolbar
(+) trn thanh cng c
on the tab
(+) trn tab
on the menu
(+) trn menu
on the net
(+) trn mng
on the Internet
(+) trn Internet
on the Web
(+) trn Web
on a web site
(+) trn web site
on a web page
(+) trn trang web
Comment
Pronouns
1. Personal pronouns: in Vietnamese we add cc and chng to create plural personal pronouns (see
Plural Formation part.
2. (+) In case chng ta (we
audience), chng ti (we)

48
3. Intensive pronouns: : in Vietnamese we add t before or after personal pronoun, e.g.
lm vic ny,
n
lm vic ny - I did it myself, He did it himself
4. Objective pronouns, prepositional pronouns, disjunctive pronouns: the same as personal pronouns
5. Reciprocal pronoun: l n nhau each other
Gip l n nhau - Help each other
6.
Dummy pronoun, e.g.:

In Vietnamese either specify the subject Tri (Sky) or without the subject
It is raining Tri ang ma or ang ma
It is difficult to do
Kh lm .
Punctuation
This section explains how to use Vietnamese-specific punctuation in place of the US-English punctuation found in
the source interface and content.
Please follow the following basic rules for the use of punctuation marks in Vietnamese. If your language uses a
character set that is based on the Latin alphabet, make sure to include a space after commas and periods.
Vietnamese script is based on Latin alphabet, every rule for commas and other common punctuation marks is the
same as in Latin script.
Comma
US English uses a period as the decimal separator, while many other languages use a comma. In Vietnamese a
comma is used. Do not use a space for this purpose as a space separates the numeral from the abbreviation.
Comma is used as
decimal seperator
In paper sizes (the last example in the table below) the decimal separator and the abbreviation "in" for inches are
kept, since the sizes are US norms and should be represented accordingly.
49
English example
Vietnamese example
5.25 cm
(+) 5,25 cm
5 x 7.2 inches
(+) 5 x 7,2 inches
Letter Landscape 11 x 8.5 in
(+) Letter Landscape 11 x 8,5 in
For thousands, English uses a comma while many other languages use a period (at Microsoft we normally do not
use a space for this purpose, but we use a period instead to avoid wrapping problems). In Vietnamese a period is
used.
English example
Vietnamese example
1,526
(+) 1.526
$ 1,526.75
(+) $ 1.526,75
Colon
Vietnamese script is based on Latin alphabet; every rule for commas and other common punctuation marks is the
1. (+) No space before colon, but one space after colon must be added.
Example 1:
Cc c t sau: (The following features:
2. Use colon to introduce a list/ a series:

Example 2: (+) First letter of proper noun is capitalized
(+) Ti c ba con trai: Viet, Nam v Thanh (I have three sons: Viet, Nam and Thanh)
Viet is proper noun, so V is capitalized.
Example 3: (+) The list after the colon is like a part of the sentence, so first letter is not capitalized.
(+) M i ngi n ng v n b c ba mc tiu: sng, yu v hc tp. (Every man and woman has
three aims: to live, to love, and to learn.)
sng with lower case s
(+) ci t chng trnh bn c n
c a ci t,
c hng d n ci t,
The colon is not used.

Example 4: (+) To introduce a list (Each items is listed as a new line and of course first letters are
capitalized.
(+) phng chng bnh cm chng ta c n:
Ra tay thng xuyn vi x phng v nc.
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Trnh tip xc vi ngi bnh
Example 5: (+) A quotation

Li ni ca Hamlet: Tn ti hay khng tn ti. (Hamlets speech: To be or not to be.)
Michaerl Jackson tuyn b: Ti l vua nhc Pop.
Michael Jackson proclaimed: I am the King of Pop.
Example 7: (-) Remember, a colon can never be followed by a hyphen or a dash
Michaerl Jackson tuyn b:- Ti l vua nhc Pop. (wrong style)
Dashes and Hyphens

Three different dash characters are used in English:
Hyphen
The hyphen is used to divide words between syllables, to link parts of a compound word, and to connect the parts
of an inverted or imperative verb form.
Example:
In general in Vietnamese hyphen is rarely used for breaking compound words:
Compound word D-s dng consists of two words, s dng itself is one compound word, so no hyphen to
separate two its syllables
Ease-to-use
(+) D-s dng
Left-to-right
(+) T-tri-sang-phi
Hyphen is used separate two parts of compound words; second part is for explaining the first part
En Dash
Like in English, a dash smaller than an em dash but usually longer than a regular hyphen, the en dash is often
used in place of the word "to", such as 10-5 p.m.
Em Dash
Like in English, an em dash (), so known as an m dash or m rule, the em dash gets its name because it is
roughly the width of the letter m and is used in a similar way to a colon. It can show an abrupt change or pause
in thought, but where a full stop is too strong or a comma is too weak. It can be used to indicate that a sentence is
unfinished because the speaker has been interrupted.
Example 1: An em dash marks an interruption in a sentence, a change in direction. Usually two em dashes are
used to mark the beginning and end of the interruption, though sometimes the sentence may end with the
interrupting phrase.
(+) Hai nh lnh omt t Cng ty A v ngi kia t Cng ty Bngh h tr cho cng vic ca hi ng.
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(The two leadersone from Company A and one from Company Bsought to build support for the work of the
commission.)
Example 2:
(+) Trvi v hoa sen hoc hoa nhithm v ngon.
The teawith lotus or jasmine spiceswas delicious and fragrant
Ellipses (Suspension Points)
In Vietnamese
and v.v. are used as ellipses (et cetera)
Example:
In Vietnamese there are combinations extended vowels with 5 tones, for example: , , , ,
(+) Trong ting Vit t hp ca cc nguyn m vi 5 thanh, th d: , , , ,
Period
Vietnamese script is based on Latin alphabet; every rule for commas and other common punctuation marks is the
1. Place a period after a declarative sentence. A declarative sentence is one that makes a statement or a
point.
Example 1: (+) Ci t xong. (The installation is finished.)
2. Put a period at the end of an abridged sentence. An abridged sentence is one that is not a complete
sentence, such as "After your homework."
Example 2: (+) Thc hin hp ng. (Contract implementation)
3. Add a period after an imperative sentence. An imperative sentence is giving a command:
Example 3: (+) Hy vit kim tra. (Write a check.)
4. Use a period to express a decimal point. Periods can be used to express a thousand separator in figures
Example 4:
(+) 2.400VND (2,400VND)
5. Insert periods after abbreviations such as academic degrees, geographic names, courtesy titles, compass
points, single word headings and Latin word and phases that are abbreviated.
6. Periods can be used to display lists, enumerate items, outlines, numerals and letters.
7. At the end of a sentence, you would space once after the period. There is no space when you use it in
abbreviations. There are no spaces when a period is used in thousand separators.
52
Example 5: (+) d (app.); cty (inc.); CPT (e-gov.)

(-) One space before period (wrong)
8. (+) In Vietnamese a period is used after closing double quotes (This is also true for exclamation mark !
and comma ,) for exact words of the subject.
Example 6:
(+) Madonna thch tuyn b Ti khng xu h v bt c iu g
Madonna is fond of declaring "I'm not ashamed of anything."
Example 7:
(+) Tng thng Nixon tuyn b Ti khng phi k la o
President Nixon declared I am not a crook.
Example 8: But in English this style correct too.
Thomas Edison declared that genius was "one per cent inspiration and ninety-nine per cent perspiration"
Quotation Marks
Quotation marks are used in Vietnamese for quoting sentences or phrases.
As in English Quotation Marks come as a pair of opening and closing marks in either of two styles: single ( ) or
double ( ), but there is a little difference: (+) In Vietnamese closing mark goes before period (.), comma (,).
Example:
Good morning, Frank, greeted HAL.
(+) Cho anh Frank, HAL cho.
Parentheses
In English, there is no space between the parentheses and the text inside them and the same rule is applied to
Vietnamese.
The text in the parentheses is for comment, explanation, without it the meaning of the phrase will not changed.
(+) Example 1: (+) No spaces before and after LOB
ng li kinh doanh (LOB)
Singular & Plural

Refer to Plural Formation part for information.
Split Infinitive
This section does not apply to Vietnamese.
53
Subjunctive
This section does not apply to Vietnamese.
Symbols & Non-Breaking Spaces

According to Unicode codes of TCVN 6909:2001 NBSP has hexa code 00A0H
In HTML coding, the non-breaking space ( ) is the entity used to represent a non-breaking space. It is
essentially a standard space, the primary difference being that a browser should not break (or wrap) a line of text
at the point that this &nbsp.
Non-breaking spaces ( ) should only be used whenever they are present also in the US text. Otherwise it is
recommended to use a blank space as non-breaking spaces can create functionality problems.
This Style Guide does not cover a comprise overview of existing symbols. For information on Currency symbols
used in Vietnamese, please refer to the section numbers and the sub-section currency.
Syntax
Vietnamese is an isolating language in which the relationship between parts of a sentence is indicated by the
word order and auxiliaries. As a result, word order is critical to convey the meaning of a sentence.
A word follows the noun it modifies (sch mi, anh ti, vn u tin, vn hc Vit Nam hin i), unlike English
which has the reverse word order (new book, my brother, first issue, modern Vietnamese literature). The basic
word order of noun phrases should be stressed:
(+)
Number/PlurMark
Classifier
Noun
Adjective
Pronoun
a. In the basic structure SVP (Subject + Verb + (Subject) Predicative) the English copular verb to be is used to
link
1) a noun to a noun, e.g., My name is John.
2) a pronoun to a noun, e.g., He is my friend.
3) a noun or pronoun to an adjective, e.g., The movie is good.
In Vietnamese the sentences of type 3) do not use the copular verb l, that is 1) Tn ti l John. 2) Anh
y l bn ti. and 3) B phim y ______ hay.
b. In English, interrogative words (who, what, which, how, where, when, why) are placed at the beginning of a
question.
In Vietnamese, some interrogatives are placed at the beginning of questions (v sao, ti sao, sao why, ai
who, ci no - which, ci g -- what).
54
Some others are put at the end of questions (u, u where, nh th no -- how).
Other may be put at beginning or at the end of questions (kh no)
For instance,
1)
2)
3)
4)
V sao ch khng ng vi chng ti? (Why do you disagree with us?);

Anh lm vic u? (Where are you working?)
The position of the interrogative words ai, g, no depends on their grammatical function in a sentence.
Interrogative words with the meaning of time (bao gi, khi no, ngy no, hm no, lc no, th my,
ngy bao nhiu) refer to the past tense when placed at the end of questions and indicate the present or
future when put at the beginning.
For instance,
1) Bao gi anh y n? (When will he arrive?) vs. Anh y n bao gi? (When did he arrive?)
c.
In interrogative sentences, Vietnamese native speakers distinguish the purpose and the reason by using
different interrogative words, whereas the context identifies the purpose or the reason in English, for instance:
1) Anh i n y lm g? (Why do you go there? Literally: For what purpose do you go there?) vs. V sao
anh khng mun i n y? (Why don't you want to go there?)
d. Some words have a position different from the position of English words with similar meanings and functions.
For example:
1) p hn vs. more beautiful, Quyn sch ny hay hn quyn sch kia nhiu. vs. This book is much better
than that one. Thng sau ti i Vit Nam. vs. I am going to Vietnam next month. Some words have
different meanings when placed in different positions, for instance: c ngh ba ngy (to be allowed to
take three days off) and ngh c ba ngy (to be able to take three days off).
e. The adverbs of degree rt and lm are used without the adverb nhiu "much" when the verb conveys the
meaning of feeling. The adverb much is necessary in English: Ti rt thch quyn sch ny. or: Ti thch
quyn sch ny lm. versus I like the book very much.
Verbs
1. In Vietnamese verbs are the words that have general vocabulary meaning and specify the operation or
given status of things. There are:
- Single verb: chy, nhy, i, v, n (run, jump, walk, return, eat, ...)
- Complex verb: i li, bc b , gom gp, la chn, kh i ng
(to go back, deny, collect, select, start ...)
(+) Recommend to specify clearly:
Loi b Remove
Xa b Delete
Xa Clear
Bc b Reject
( ) Do not use speaking language, such as use xa for different meaning xa b , loi b
55
2. Tense of verbs: In Vietnamese an adverb of time is added before verb to specify past, continous present
and future respectively , ang and s. We do not distinguish detailed of past and future, such as
simple past, complete past . like in English or in French.
Example 1:
Ti ang c (I am reading)
(+) Except for emphasizing purpose, sometime we do not use adverb ang, , and s for
expressing tense of verbs.
Example 2:
(+) Ti ci t chng trnh dit virus (I installed the antivirus program)
Example 3:
(+) Ti s lm vic vo ch nht ny (I will work on this Sunday)
3. The verbs can be merged with adverbs that complement meaning of continuity, such as cn, v n,
c
Example 4: (+) Ti v n lm (Im still working)
4. The verbs can be merged with adverbs that complement negative meaning, such as khng, cha,
chng
Example 5:
(+) Ti khng bit (I dont know)
Use of adverbs that complement negative meaning in Vietnamese is depending on the negative level.
(+) Ti khng bit (In general, I dont know)
(+) Ti cha bit (I dont know, but I would like to know or I will know later)
(+) Ti chng bit (I dont know, but I dont care)
All are translates as I dont know
5. The verbs can be merged with adverbs that complement demand meaning, such as hy, ng, ch.
Example 6:
(+) Hy c ReadMe sau y (Read the following ReadMe)
(+) Vui lng c ReadMe sau y (Please, read the following ReadMe)
English
Vietnamese
Verb in infinitive and imperative form:
(+) Add adverb Hy:
Read carefully the following paragraph
Hy c k on vn bn sau
Verb in impersonal form for description or

imperative form but in subordinate clause:
(+) Not neccessay to add the adverb Hy:
To resolve this issue, ask your system

administrator to verify that Excel Services
are enabled on this site and are functioning
gii quyt vn ny, (

) h i ngi qun tr h
thng ca bn kim chng l cc Dch v Excel c
56
English
Vietnamese
properly.
ph p trn site ny v hot ng ng.
Polite form:
(+) Add Vui lng before verb:
Please read
Vui lng c
6. Continuous operations are usually expressed in English with a gerund, which should be translated into
Vietnamese, e.g.
1) Reading this book is compulsory c cun sch ny l bt buc. In Vietnamese we can use a verb as
subject; c (Read) in Vietnamese is a verb.
(-) Not neccessay to add the article vic before verb c to gerund reading.
2) I like programming Ti thch lp trnh. Gerund performs function of object; lp trnh can be considered
as vic lp trnh (programming). I enjoy doing it myself, or the idea of programming is otherwise
appealing.
3) Im tired of arguing Ti mt v tranh ci. Gerund is preceded by preposition; tranh ci can be
considered vic tranh ci (arguing)
7. Like in English or in French , in Vietnamese there are transitive and intransitive verbs and the specific
prepositions are used with each verbs:
Chuyn i 013AH t h hexa sang h thp phn (Convert 013A from hexa to decimal system)
The verb chuyn i (convert) is transitive one, and direct complement is 013AH t h hexa sang h
thp phn (013A from hexa to decimal system). Two prepositions are t, sang (from, to).
Word Order
As it is mentioned above, word order in Vietnamese is critical. The meaning of a sentence may be totally different
when the words order is changed, due to in Vietnamese there isnt mood and tense, aspect and voice are defined
by adding a word.
(+) Remenber that word order in Vietnamese is very important!
57
Example:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Ti n cm - I eat rice
Cm n ti Rice eats me
Ti s lm vic I will do it
Ti mun bn lm iu - I want you do it
Ti mun bn nn lm iu - I want you should do it; the order is bn nn, nn (should)
Ti mun nn bn lm iu I wanted to, so you do it; the order is nn bn, nn (so)
Style and Tone Considerations

This section focuses on higher-level considerations for audience, style, tone, and voice.
Audience
Vietnamese has some variations in terms writing depending on the regions: north, middle, and south, and
depending on fields, such as industry or university, or smaller environment.
Do not use the terms specific for small audience and not considered as popular.
(+) Do not use the terms that originate and format compound words from Chinese language where in Vietnamese
the equivalent term exists.
Example:
Use thy c instead of hu hnh, c ch instead of hu ch
Style
1) Consistency, because in technical writing, using different styles to make two similar utterances makes the
reader ask whether the use of different styles was intended to carry additional meaning:
Example:
Please do
Vui lng
(+) Please is translate as Vui lng.... Not recommended to translate as Lm n...
Delete - Xa b
Remove Loi b
Cancel Hy b
Format the disk - Hy nh dng
The imperative Format is translated as Hy
nh dng
2) Use active voice where applicable for ease understanding

The maximum time in minutes a Web Drawing should be cached by the service
Can be translated as:
(+) Thi gian ti a theo pht m hnh V Web c n c dch v lu tr vo m n
58
Or:
(-) Thi gian ti a theo pht m hnh V Web c n c lu tr vo m n b i dch v
3)
Follow the Microsoft culture in each categories of localization (help text, commands menu,
Tone
The tone should be formal. Three main dialects are slightly different in tone, pronunciation, and terminology.
Northern (Hanoi) pronunciation is considered standard.
English
Send mail
North Vietnamese
(+) Gi th
South Vietnamese
G i th
Recommended
North VI
Select
(+) Chn
La
North VI
Voice
In Vietnamese there are many words for expressing pronouns depending on your ages and your relations.
(+) It is recommended that in translation from English source text, you do not use many such words but only use
"bn" for "you" and "chng ti" for "we, us", "h" for "they, them."
(-) Do not use "anh y" or "c y" but use "ngi " for "he/she, him/her."
(+) The word you must be translated as bn in all cases. This word can be used to address to the general
audience both formal and casual regardless of age, gender...
In Vietnamese, in general, a word could be a noun or verb or adjective or adverb is depending on its role in
sentences. It depends on the context for using the right word type.
Example:
English
Translation
You are now connected to the Internet.

Your Internet connection is in trouble
Bn hin ang c kt ni vo Internet

Kt ni Internet ca bn ang b trc trc
(+) To express passive voice in Vietnamese we use the word c or b and add it before the verb, in the
examples below:
Example:
1) This file is moved to other directory Tp ny c chuyn sang th mc khc
The word c is added before the verb chuyn (move) for expressing positive action, or it is difficult
to consider this action is positive or negative.
2) This file is deleted from the directory Tp ny b xa b kh i th mc
The word b is added before the verb xa (delete) for expressing negative action.
59
(+) Normally, in Vietnamese we use active voice (if applicable), in case we cant specify the subject or the subject
isnt defined specifically we use verb infinitive.
Example:
1) Chuyn tip th cho ng A Forward the e-mail to Mr. A
60
Localization Guidelines
This section contains guidelines for localization into Vietnamese.
General Considerations
Abbreviations
Common Abbreviations
You might need to abbreviate some words in the UI (mainly buttons or options names) due to lack of space. This
can be done in the following ways:
-
Use common abbreviated words in correct context for clear meaning.
List of common abbreviations:

English Expression
Acceptable Abbreviation
vn vn
etc.
(+) v.v.
Cng ngh thng tin
IT
(+) CNTT
Cng nghip ph n mm
Software Industry
(+) CNgPM
Accessibility
Microsoft provides people with disabilities (single-handed or with hearing or motion disabilities) with more
accessible products and services. These may not be available in Vietnam. Please check with your Microsoft
contact and remove these references from Vietnamese text if necessary.
Acronyms
Acronyms are words made up of the initial letters of major parts of a compound term. Some well-known examples
are WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get), OLE (Object Linking and Embedding), or RAM (Random
Access Memory).
Caution: Do not include a generic term after an acronym or abbreviation if one of the letters in the acronym
stands for that term. Even though this might occur in the US-English version, it should be corrected in the
localized version. The following examples show the redundancy in red for English terms. However, in Vietnamese
all acronym or abbreviation is kept unchange from English source, so even there is redundancy in red for English
terms, in Vietnamse it is not redundant and can be translated:
(-) RPC call - li gi RPC

(-) HTML language- ngn ng HTML
(-) TCP/IP-Protocol - giao thc TCP/IP
(-) PIN Number- S PIN
61
Localized Acronyms
In online help or documentation, spell out the words that comprise an acronym or abbreviation the first time that
acronym is used in the text. You should include the language-specific translation, the US term, and the acronym
as in the following example:
(+)
(+)
n
n
(Data Access Objects, DAO)

ActiveX (ActiveX Data Objects, ADO)
You should also consider that different users will have different levels of knowledge about a product. For example,
an Italian Exchange user will understand DL, but the average Italian Windows user might not understand DL
and would need to see lista di distribuzione (distribution list) instead. Try to be consistent within a product with
your use of acronyms and initializations.
Note: Although the English acronym cannot generally be derived from the language-specific translation, creating
a new acronym derived from the language-specific translated term is not an option. For example, do not replace
an English acronym with a language-specific acronym; instead, leave the English acronym or abbreviation intact,
as in the following examples where DLL and DPI are correctly rendered as DLL and DPI:
Unlocalized Acronyms
Many abbreviations and acronyms are standardized and remain untranslated. They are only followed by their full
spelling in English if the acronym needs to be explained to the speakers of a different language. In other cases,
where the acronym is rather common, adding the fully spelled-out form will only confuse users. In these cases,
the acronym can be used on its own.
The following list contains examples of acronyms and abbreviations that are considered commonly understood;
these acronyms and abbreviations should not be localized or spelled out in full in English:
ANSI (American National Standards Institute)

ISO (International Standards Organization)
ISDN
DOS
DSL
CD
DVD
If you are unsure what an acronym or abbreviation stands for or refers to, please contact the Moderator
responsible for this Style Guide.
62
Applications, Products, and Features

Application/product names are often trademarked or may be trademarked in the future and are therefore rarely
translated. Occasionally, feature names are trademarked, too (e.g. IntelliSense). Before translating any
application, product, or feature name, please verify that it is in fact translatable and not protected in any way.
Frequent Errors
Like English, Vietnamese terminologies depend on regions North, Middle and South, habitation and culture of
people of each region.
Example 1: Terminology and Orthographical Ambiguity
(+) Edit (Sa, son tho), Modify (Chnh sa, Sa i), Compose (Son)
(-) but Vietnamese always tend to abbreviate, using sa for edit and modify
(+) Browse (Duyt) and may be Review (Duyt li) or Approve (Ph duyt)
(-) but Vietnamese always tend to abbreviate, using duyt for browse, review, and approve.
(+) Click (bm chut)
(-) Clich (nhy chut) is used popularly in university area)
Autocorrect Program or Program corrects errors it-self (Chng trnh T sa l i)
ToolBar (Thanh Cng c --- For translating the word like this, there is not the consistency: ThanhCngc,
Thanh Cng c, Thanh Cng c, Thanh Cng c)
( ) ToolBar (Thanh cng c)
To choose, to select, to pick out (Chn, La, La chn, Chn la)
( ) Select (Chn)
Word list: (Danh sch t:) --- Work (T) and from (t), so Danh sch t: if no context we can
understand as List from:
Add double &quote for Hebrew alphabet numbering (Thm cp du ngoc k p cho vi c nh s dng
bng ch ci Ting Do Thi) --- this can be trahnslated as Thm cp du ngoc k p nh s bng
ch ci ting Do Thi Here, the preposition for (cho) better is translated as . In Vietnamese the
word after is a verb.
In some community G ri (Troubleshoot, Troubleshooting) and G l i (Debugger) are used
interchangeably.
.
(+) Example 2: In English reviewer is subject that performs the review, may be a person or program, but in
Vietnamese we must specify clarely who ngi (person) or chng trnh (program).
Chng trnh dch (Translator)

Reviewer (Ngi duyt li)
Administrator (Ngi qun tr)
Supplyer (Nh cung cp)
(+) Example 3: In Vietnamese one word may be a verb or a noun, an adjective or an adverb. Sometime we must
add an adverb.
Update (verb: cp nht, noun: bn cp nht)

63
Change (Verb: Thay i, noun: s thay i)

Click (Verb: bm chut, noun: bm --- we dont add an adverb like c)
Selection (vic chn, vng chn)
Glossaries
You can find the translations of terms and UI elements of Microsoft products at Microsoft Language Portal
(http://www.microsoft.com/Language/en-US/Default.aspx).
Fictitious Information
Fictitious content is legally sensitive material and as such cannot be handled as a pure terminology or localization
issue. Below is some basic information and contact points when dealing with fictitious content:
Vendors and Localizers are not allowed to create their own fictitious names. You must either use the source
names or use the list of legally approved names.
Please contact your product team representative for further information on how to deal with fictitious companies,
names, addresses, email addresses, phone numbers, etc. in your product. For technical products, you may also
check with the product team representative whether localized fictitious content is required or not (e.g. Visual
Studio).
Recurring Patterns
For recurring patterns, please refer to the Links provided in the following section Standardized Translations.
Standardized Translations
There are a number of standardized translations mentioned in all sections of this Style Guide. In order to find
them more easily, the most relevant topics and sections are compiled here for you reference.
Titles of the Type "Sending a File"
Unlocalized Items
Trademarked names and the name Microsoft Corporation shouldnt be localized. A list of Microsoft trademarks is
available for your reference at the following location: http://www.microsoft.com/trademarks/t-mark/names.htm.
Refer to the Windows section at the bottom of this document.
64
Using the Word Microsoft

In English, it is prohibited to use MS as an abbreviation for Microsoft.
In Vietnamese, MS stands for Microsoft for many year and used for abbreviation of Microsoft where you can use
abbreviation.
Example:
In Microsoft Excel you can ... (+) Trong MS Excel bn c th ...
Software Considerations
This section refers to all menus, menu items, commands, buttons, check boxes, etc., which should be consistently
translated in the localized product.
Refer to http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/aa511258.aspx for a detailed explanation of the Windows user interface
guidelines (English).
User Interface
For UI localization, you should always translate the term as short as possible because theres always limited
space for the target translation. However the translation must be always clear and correct.
Avoid to use Cc or Nhng for plural term, esepcially the term is used as a title or button of a dialog box.
For example:
Word Options Ty chn Word, Cc ty chn ca Word is not recommended because it may cause issues
about length limitation.
65
Messages
Status Messages
What is a Status Bar Message?
A status bar message is an informational message about the active document or a selected command as well as
about any active or selected interface item. Messages are shown in the status bar at the bottom of the window
when the user has chosen a menu, a command or any other item, or has started a function. The status bar
messages refer to actions being performed or already complete (for example in Outlook below).
Vietnamese Style in Status bar Messages

In English, the status bar messages have different forms dependent on the information they must convey. In
Vietnamese, menu and commands status bar messages should follow the format below.
Name
Edit
Vietnamese Name
(+) Son
Copy to
Folder...
(+) Sao vo Cp...
New
(+) Mi
Category
English Status Bar

message
Vietnamese Status Bar

message
menu
Contains editing commands
(+) Cha cc lnh son

tho
menu
Copies the selected items to

a new location
(+) Sao cc khon mc

chn vo v tr mi
command
Creates a new document
(+) To lnh mi
Make object visible?
(+) Lm cho i tng

nhn thy c
Word is converting the

document. Press Esc to
stop.
(+) Word ang chuyn i

ti liu. Nhn Esc
dng.
Datasheet View
(+) Dng xem Trang tnh
Done
(+) hon thnh
66
The importance of standardization

In the US product you can often find messages that are phrased differently even though they have the same
meaning. Try to avoid this in the localized Vietnamese version. Use one standard translation as in the examples
below:
English term
Correct Vietnamese translation
Press F1 to get Help
(+) n F1 nhn Tr gip
If you want Help press F1

To get Help press F1
Not enough memory
Insufficient memory
(+) Khng b nh
There is not enough memory

Save changes to %1?
(+) Lu thay i ca %1?
Do you want to save changes to %1?
Error Messages
What Is An Error Message?
Here is an example:
Error messages are messages sent by the system or a program, informing the user that there is an error that
must be corrected in order for the program to keep running. For example, the messages can prompt the user to
take an action or inform the user of an error that requires rebooting the computer.
Vietnamese Style in Error Messages
It is important to use consistent terminology and language style in the localized error messages, and not just
translate as they appear in the US product.
The main principles for translation are clarity, comprehensibility, and consistency.
67
Standard Phrases in Error Messages

When translating standard phrases, standardize. Note that sometimes the US uses different forms to express the
same thing.
Error messages written in US-English are occasionally inconsistent. As you localize the software into Vietnamese,
you should ensure that you use a standard phrase for error messages that have the same meaning and purpose
in the US-English version.
Examples:
English
Could not
Cannot
Failed to
Translation
Example
Comment
File cannot be found
(+) Khng tm c
tp
Use of impersonal active voice

and do not distinguish past
and present tense
Failed to connect
(+) Kt ni h ng
Failure to connect
or
File could not be found
(+) Khng kt ni
c
Failure of
Cannot find
Could not find
Unable to find
Unable to locate
Cannot find driver

software
Could not find driver
software
Unable to find driver
software
(+) Khng tm thy...
Express closer to
Vietnamese, not word by word
In English there are different

expessin, but in Vietnamese
we use one Khng tm thy
to specify only the result.
Unable to locate driver

software
Not enough memory
Insufficient memory
(+) Khng b
nh

available
... is not available

... is unavailable
In English there are different

expessin, but in Vietnamese
we use one Khng b
nh to specify only the result:
Not enough memory
The command is not

available
The command is
unavailable
(+) Ch lnh khng

sn c
The same meaning the

command not exists
Error Messages Containing Placeholders

When localizing error messages containing placeholders, try to find out what will replace the placeholder. This is
necessary for the sentence to be grammatically correct when the placeholder is replaced with a word or phrase.
Note that the letters used in placeholders convey a specific meaning, see examples below:
68
%d, %ld, %u, and %lu means <number>

%c means <letter>
%s means <string>
Examples of error messages containing placeholders:
"Checking Web %1!d! of %2!d!" means "Checking Web <number> of <number>".
"INI file "%1!-.200s!" section" means "INI file "<string>" section".
Keys
The keyboard is the primary input device used for text input in Microsoft Windows. For accessibility and efficiency,
most actions can be performed using the keyboard as well. While working with Microsoft software, you use keys,
key combinations and key sequences.
In English, References to key names, like arrow keys, function keys and numeric keys, appear in normal text (not
in small caps).
Access Keys/Hot keys
Sometimes, there are underlined or highlighted letters in menu options, commands or dialog boxes. These letters
refer to access keys (also known as hot keys) that allow you to run commands, perform tasks, etc. more quickly.
Hot Key Special Options
Usage: Is It Allowed?
"Slim characters", such as I, l, t, r, f

can be used as hot key
yes
Notes
69
Hot Key Special Options
Usage: Is It Allowed?
Notes
Characters with downstrokes, such

as g, j, y, p and q can be used as
hotkeys
yes
Extended characters can be used as

hotkeys
Not recommended
It is not agreed in general on the

unique way to type extended
characters in Vietnamese, so it is
not recommended to use extended
character as hotkey.
An additional letter, appearing

between brackets after item name,
can be used as hotkeys
allowed but not encouraged
the best way for choosing letters

as hot keys in Vietnamese is those
without particulary of Vietnamese
word (English letters).
A number, appearing between

brackets after item name, can be
used as hotkey

A punctuation sign, appearing

between brackets after item name,
can be used as hotkey

Duplicate hotkeys are allowed when

no other character is available
yes
It is ok if software allows to move

from the first to the next item.
No hotkey is assigned when no more yes

characters are available (minor
options only)
If no more characters are available

use duplicate or not assign hotkey.
Preferred characters to be used as Hotkeys
Characters
Case Sensitive
A B C D E G H I K L M N O P Q R S T U V X Y 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 False
789
70
Allowed characters to be used as Hotkeys

Characters
Case Sensitive
FJWZ
False
Additional notes: n/a
Arrow Keys
The arrow keys move input focus among the controls within a group. Pressing the right arrow key moves input
focus to the next control in tab order, whereas pressing the left arrow moves input focus to the previous control.
Home, End, Up, and Down also have their expected behavior within a group. Users can't navigate out of a control
group using arrow keys.
Numeric Keypad
It is recommended that you avoid distinguishing numeric keypad keys from the other keys, unless it is required by
a given application. In case which keys to be pressed is not obvious, provide necessary explanations.
Shortcut Keys
Shortcut keys are keystrokes or combinations of keystrokes used to perform defined functions in a software
application. Shortcut keys replace menu commands and they are sometimes given next to the command they
represent. In opposition to the access keys, which can be used only when available on the screen, shortcut keys
can be used even when they are not accessible on the screen.
Shortcut keys
71
Standard Shortcut Keys

US
Command
US English
Shortcut Key
Vietnamese
Command
Vietnamese
Shortcut key
General Windows Shortcut keys

Help window
F1
Ca s Tr gip
Context-sensitive Help
Shift+F1
Tr gip theo ng cnh
Display pop-up menu
Shift+F10
Hin th menu bt ln
Cancel
Esc
Hy b
Activate\Deactivate
menu bar mode
F10
Kch hot/Kh hot ch thanh

menu
Switch to the next

primary application
Alt+Tab
Chuyn gia cc ng dng ang

m
Display next window
Alt+Esc
Hin th ca s tip theo
Display pop-up menu

for the window
Alt+Spacebar
Hin th menu bt ln cho ca s
Alt+Spacebar
Display pop-up menu

for the active child
window
Alt+-
Hin th menu bt ln cho ca s

con ang hin hot
Alt+-
Display property sheet

for current selection
Alt+Enter
Hin th bng thuc tnh cho ph n Alt+Enter

chn hin thi
Close active
application window
Alt+F4
ng ca s ng dng hin hot
Switch to next window

within (modelesscompliant) application
Alt+F6
Chuyn ti ca s tip theo trong Alt+F6

ng dng
Capture active window

image to the Clipboard
Alt+Prnt Scrn
Chp nh ca s hin hot v

lu trong Bng tm
Alt+Prnt Scrn
Capture desktop
image to the Clipboard
Prnt Scrn
Chp nh mn hnh v lu trong

Bng tm
Prnt Scrn
Access Start button in

taskbar
Ctrl+Esc
Truy nhp vo nt Bt u trong

thanh tc v
Ctrl+Esc
Display next child

window
Ctrl+F6
Hin th ca s con tip theo
Ctrl+F6
Alt+F4
72
US
Command
US English
Shortcut Key
Vietnamese
Command
Vietnamese
Shortcut key
Display next tabbed

pane
Ctrl+Tab
Hin th ngn tab tip theo
Ctrl+Tab
Launch Task Manager

and system
initialization
Ctrl+Shift+Esc
Kh i chy Trnh qun l Tc v

v kh i to h thng
Ctrl+Shift+Esc
File Menu
File New
Ctrl+N
Tp Mi
Ctrl+N
File Open
Ctrl+O
Tp M
Ctrl+O
File Close
Ctrl+F4
Tp ng
Ctrl+F4
File Save
Ctrl+S
Tp Lu
Ctrl+S
File Save as
F12
Tp Lu nh
F12
File Print Preview
Ctrl+F2
Tp Xem trc khi In
Ctrl+F2
File Print
Ctrl+P
Tp In
Ctrl+P
File Exit
Alt+F4
Tp Thot ra
Alt+F4
Edit Menu
Edit Undo
Ctrl+Z
Son Hon tc
Ctrl+Z
Edit Repeat
Ctrl+Y
Son Lp li
Ctrl+Y
Edit Cut
Ctrl+X
Son Ct
Ctrl+X
Edit Copy
Ctrl+C
Son Sao
Ctrl+C
Edit Paste
Ctrl+V
Son Dn
Ctrl+V
Edit Delete
Ctrl+Backspace
Son Xa b
Ctrl+Backspace
Edit Select All
Ctrl+A
Son La tt c
Ctrl+A
Edit Find
Ctrl+F
Son Tm
Ctrl+F
Edit Replace
Ctrl+H
Son Thay th
Ctrl+H
Edit Go To
Ctrl+B
Son i ti
Ctrl+B
Help Menu
Help
F1
Tr gip
F1
Font Format
73
US
Command
US English
Shortcut Key
Vietnamese
Command
Vietnamese
Shortcut key
Italic
Ctrl+I
Nghing
Ctrl+I
Bold
Ctrl+G
Ctrl+G
Underlined\Word
underline
Ctrl+U
Gch di/Gch di t
Ctrl+U
Large caps
Ctrl+Shift+A
Ch hoa to
Ctrl+Shift+A
Small caps
Ctrl+Shift+K
Ch hoa nh
Ctrl+Shift+K
Paragraph Format
Centered
Ctrl+E
Cn gia
Ctrl+E
Left aligned
Ctrl+L
Cn tri
Ctrl+L
Right aligned
Ctrl+R
Cn phi
Ctrl+R
Justified
Ctrl+J
Cn u
Ctrl+J
Document Translation Considerations

Document localization may require some specific considerations that are different from software localization. This
section covers a few of these areas.
Titles
In English the titles for chapters usually begin with "How to " or with phrases such as "Working with " or
"Using ".In the Vietnamese version of Microsoft documentation, you can use (+) Lm th no () or (+)
Lm vic vi ..., S dng ....
Copyright
Copyright protection is granted to any original work of authorship fixed in any tangible medium of expression from
which it can be perceived, reproduced, or communicated.
Vietnam has taken the first step towards provision for copyright protection. At present this will be of limited help to
foreigners since protection is granted only to works of Vietnamese nationals or works of foreigners which are
published in Vietnam within 30 days of first publication in the author's home country. The law does, however,
provide that, if and when Vietnam joins the Berne or Universal Copyright Conventions, protection will be afforded
to foreigners on the basis of these conventions.
74
Translation of copyright text should be consistent both within the product being localized and across Vietnamese
versions of Microsoft products. Important things to remember:
No changes in copyright text are allowed until English text is different. Different Vietnamese translation
should be treated as a minor style error unless meaning is the same (if meaning was changed, it would
be an accuracy error.)
Logo word position: all logo occurrences should be at the end of Vietnamese trademarks enumeration
regardless of where the <name> logo part is placed in the English text. It is required to make sure logo in
Vietnamese is associated only with the following product/technology name (not with the subsequent
names too.)
English example
Vietnamese example
2011 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
(+)
The example companies, organizations, products,

people, and events depicted herein are fictitious. No
association with any real company, organization,
product, person, or event is intended or should be
inferred.
2011 Tp on Microsoft. Bo lu mi quyn.
Microsoft, the Office logo, Outlook, PowerPoint,

SharePoint, Windows, the Windows logo, and Windows
Server are either registered trademarks or trademarks
of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or
other countries.
Microsoft, cc logo Office, Outlook, PowerPoint,

SharePoint, Windows, logo Windows, v Windows
Server hoc l ng k thng hiu hoc thng hiu
ca Tp on Microsoft ti Hoa K v cc nc khc.
Cc cng ty v d, cc t chc, sn ph m, con ngi,

v cc s kin c m t y l h cu. Khng c
lin quan no vi cc cng ty, t chc, sn ph m, c
nhn hoc s kin l c ch ch hoc hm .
PROTECTABLE WORKS
lectures, speeches; theatrical works and other forms of artistic performance;

cinematographic and video works; radio and television works;
press works; architectural works; plastic art works; applied art works;
photographic works; scientific works, text books, teaching materials;
graphic works, drawings, patterns, sketches and maps related to topography, works of architecture or
scientific projects;
translated, adapted, re-written, transformed, compiled, annotated, selected and anthological works;
computer software; and other works prescribed by law.
We would be happy to advise you on the registrability of your particular copyright works upon request.
TIME FOR REGISTRATION
In general, it will take 10 days from the filing date for obtaining the copyright registration.
DURATION OF PROTECTION
The duration of copyright endures for a term consisting of the life of the author and fifty years (50) after the
authors death.
FILING REQUIREMENTS
75
Documents required at filing

a) A Notarized Power of Attorney signed by the applicant (s) (with full name capacity of the subscriber in the
case of legal entity) (our form is enclosed).
b) Notarized Deed of Assignment from author (s) to the applicant, where the applicant is not the author.
c) 04 original works.
Information
a) Full name, address, nationality of applicant (s) and author (s);
b) Name and category of the work;
c) Date on which the work was completed, date and place of the first-made - public of works;
76

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Vietnamese Style Guide

Hint about translating from English to Vietnamese for localization processes

Updates on new changes in localization information.

About This Style Guide

Scope of This Document

Style Guide Conventions

anh Phan Hong Khim

M Tho - Tin Giang

073 880 479

Recommended Reference Material

Language Specific Conventions

Extended Latin characters

Note on alphabetical order

Alphabetical order is based on the list above of letters in the alphabet.

Total number of characters

29 letters, totally 58 in all lower and upper cases

In September 2001, Vietnam's Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment

Gregorian calendar and Lunar calendar

First Day of the Week

First Week of the Year

The week with the first Monday after 1 January

Default Short Date

Default Long Date Format d/M/yyyy

Additional Short Date

Additional Short Date

Additional Long Date

ngy d thng M nm yyyy

ngy 17 thng 3 nm 2011

Additional Long Date

ngy d thng MMMM nm yyyy

ngy 17 thng ba nm 2011

Leading Zero in Day Field

Leading Zero in Month

No. of digits for year for

Leading Zero in Day Field

Leading Zero in Month

Number of digits for year

Date Format for

ngy d thng M nm yyyy

ngy 17 thng 3 nm 2011

Standard time format

Standard time format

Time separator examples

Hours leading zero

No (Leading zero is not compulsory)

Hours leading zero example

String for AM designator

String for PM designator

Standard time format

First Day of Week: Th hai

Long Date Form

Is first letter capitalized?: No

Month is not capitalized in

Entire part leading zero

Digit groupping symbol

Negative sign symbol

Dot is used as digits

(##) #### ####;

Dong; International Currency Code: VND

Currency Symbol Position

Positive Currency Format

Negative Sign Symbol

Negative Currency Format