ABSTRACT

Power quality has become an important factor in power systems for consumer and
household appliances with proliferation of various electric/electronic equipment and computer
systems. Power quality is simply the interaction of electrical power with electrical equipment. If
electrical equipment operates correctly and reliably without being damaged or stressed, we
would say that the electrical power is of good quality.
Any power problem manifested in voltage, current, or frequency deviations that result in
failure or disoperation of customer equipment is known as power quality problem. The concept
of custom power devices is introduced since some years to improve the power quality in
industrial plants. Several different custom power devices have been proposed, many of which are
based on the Voltage Source Converter (VSC), e.g. Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) and Static
Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) etc. With a DVR installed in series or a STATCOM
connected in shunt with the critical load, the line voltage can be restored to its nominal value
within the response time of a few milliseconds, thus avoiding any power disturbances to the load.
The STATCOM has a function of compensating reactive power, absorbing the harmonics and
compensating the voltage dip. A unified power-quality conditioner (UPQC) can perform the
functions of both DSTATCOM and DVR.
In this project work, a Unified Power Quality Conditioner, UPQC is used to improve the
power quality of two feeders in a distribution system. UPQC consists of a series voltage source
converter (VSC) and a shunt VSC both, joined together by a common DC bus. As the UPQC is
connected between two different feeders (lines), this is called as interline UPQC (IUPQC). The
structure, control and capability of the IUPQC are presented. The efficacy of the configuration
has been verified through simulation studies using MATLAB-SIMULINK.

LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO

NAME

PAGE NO

1.1

Single line diagram of distribution system

1.2

Typical transmission and distribution system power

quality mitigation devices

1.3

Depiction of voltage sag

13

1.4

Voltage sag due to a cleared line-ground fault

16

1.5

Principle of DVR with response time of less

than one milli second

17

1.6

Scematic diagram of the DSTATCOM as a

custom power controller

18

1.7

Three basic operation modes of DSTATCOM

20

1.8

Block diagram of UPQC

20

3.1

Depiction of voltage sag

31

4.1

Single line diagram of IUPQC

36

4.2

IUPQC connected in distribution system

37

4.3

Complete structure of IUPQC

38

4.4

Schematic structure of VSC

39

5.1

Simulink diagram of IUPQC connected between

two feeders

44

5.2

Voltage in feeder-1 without IUPQC

46

5.3

Voltage in feeder-1 with IUPQC

46

5.4

Voltage sag connected in feeder-1

47

5.5

Voltage in feeder-1 without IUPQC

47

5.6

Voltage in feeder-1 with IUPQC

47

LIST OF ACRONYMS
FACTS Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems
AC Alternating Current
DC Direct Current
Var Reactive Power
SVC Stativ Var Compensator
STATCOM Static Synchronous Compensator
TCR Thyristor Controlled Reactor
TSC Thyristor Switched Capacitors
TSR Thyristor Switched Reactor
VSC Voltage Source Converter
CSC Current Source Converter
GTO Gate Turn-Off
PQ Real and Reactive Power
VR Voltage Regulator / Regulation
PLL Phase Lock Loop
PT Power Transformer
CT Coupling Transformer

LIST OF SYMBOLS
P = Watts Real / Transmitted power
Q =VAR Reactive power
V = Volts System Voltage
Vload load = Voltage seen by the load
Vsag sag = Incoming voltage supply to be mitigate by DVR
VDVR sag = Voltage injected by DVR
ILoad Load = Load current
PDVR

= Real power injected DVR during the sag period

QDVR

= Reactive power injected DVR during the sag (p.u)

= The angle between the VDSTATCOM and IL and

= The angle between the Zth and IL

= The angle between the Vth and IL

= The load power factor angle =tan-1 (QL /PL)