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Class X NCERT - CBSE Solutions for Social Science (Geography)

AGRICULTURE (Chapter 4, Contemporary India - II)


NCERT (CBSE) Textbook Exercise Answers
***IMPORTANT NOTE***: THESE ARE ONLY REFERENCE SOLUTIONS FOR THE HELP. NOT TO BE
COPIED.
Answer2:
(i) Tea is an important beverage crop. To grow well, the tea plant needs tropical or sub tropical climates, and
deep and fertile well-drained soil which is rich in humus and organic matter.
(ii) Rice is a staple food crop of India. It grows in the plains of north and north-east India, coastal areas and
the deltaic regions.
(iii) The various institutional reform programmes introduced by the government for the benefit of farmers
are :- Minimum Support Price policy, provision for crop insurance, subsidy on agricultural inputs and
resources such as power and fertilisers, Grameen banks, Kissan Credit Card and Personal Accident Insurance
Scheme.
(iv) A declining area of land under cultivation coupled with increasing population can lead to serious
foodgrain shortages. This would in turn increase imports of foodgrains, thereby causing the economy to reel
under huge debts.
Answer3:
(i) To ensure increase in agricultural production, the government prioritised collectivisation, consolidation of holdings,
cooperation and abolition of zamindari system. 'Land reform' was the main focus of the First Five Year Plans. In the 1960s
and 1970s, agricultural reforms were the order of the day. The Green Revolution and the White Revolution (Operation
Flood) were aimed at improving Indian agricultural productivity. During the 1980s and 1990s, a comprehensive land
development programme was initiated. Under this, various technical and institutional reforms were introduced by the
government for the benefit of farmers, e.g., Minimum Support Price policy, provision for crop insurance, subsidy on
agricultural inputs and resources such as power and fertilisers, Grameen banks, Kissan Credit Card, Personal Accident
Insurance Scheme, and special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes like 'Krishi Darshan' on national television.

(ii) The impact of globalisation on Indian agriculture has been felt since colonial times. Raw cotton and spices were
important export items from India. In 1917, Indian farmers revolted in Champaran against being forced to grow indigo in
place of foodgrains, in order to supply dye to Britains flourishing textile industry. Thus, globalisation has had its boons
and banes for Indian agriculture.
Post liberalisation, Indian farmers face new challenges in the form of competition from highly subsidised agriculture of
developed nations. This prompts the need for making Indian agriculture successful and profitable by improving the
conditions of small and marginal farmers, countering the negative effects of Green Revolution, developing and promoting
organic farming, and diversifying cropping pattern from cereals to high-value crops.

(iii) Rice is a kharif crop grown in the plains of north and north-eastern India, coastal areas and deltaic regions. It requires
high temperatures (above 25C) and high humidity with annual rainfall above 100 cm. In areas with less rainfall, it grows
with the help of irrigation via canals and tubewells.

Assignment Solution***IMPORTANT NOTE***: THESE ARE ONLY REFERENCE SOLUTIONS FOR


THE HELP. NOT TO BE COPIED.

Assignment 5 (Chapter 4)

1.

How much of Indias population is engaged in agricultural activities?

2.

Name some industries based on agricultural raw material.

3.

Name the different types of farming.

4.

Explain Primitive Subsistence Farming.

5.

Explain slash and burn agriculture.

6.

Define Intensive Subsistence Farming.

7.

What are the main characteristics of plantation agriculture. Name some of the
plantation crops of India.

8.

Distinguish between Kharif and Rabi crop. Mention the the main features of Green
Revolution.

9.

Name the major cereal crops of India. Write a note on them covering the following
headings; Crop, Climate/temperature /rainfall, Soil ,Areas.

10.

What is Bhoodan- Gramdan? How has it helped the farmers in India?

11.

Explain any six steps taken by the government of India to improve agriculture after
independence.

12.

Which are the horticulture crops? Where are they produced in India?

Answer1. Two-third of Indias population is engaged in agriculture.


Answer2. Tea, coffee, sugar, spices, etc are some of the industries based on industrial raw material.
Answer3. Different types of farming are primitive subsistence farming, intensive subsistence farming and commercial
farming.
Answer4. Page-34, left side, Heading- Primitive subsistence farming, 1 st line onwards (Make 5 points)
This type of farming is still..It is a slash and burn agriculture.
Answer5. Page-34, left side, Heading- Primitive subsistence farming, 2 nd para, 1st line(make points)
It is a slash and burn. Dipa in Bastar district of Chhattishgarh, and in Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Answer6. Page-35, left side, Heading- intensive subsistence farming, 1 st line onwards (Make points)
This type of farming is practiced.. enormous pressure on agricultural land.
Answer7. Page-35, Heading-commercial farming, right side, 1st line onwards(make points)
Plantation is also a type. grown in these states.
Answer8. Page-36, Heading-Cropping Pattern, 2nd & 3rd para,1st line onwards
(Make good 5 points difference each from the given paragraph)
Rabi crops are sown in. These are Aus, Aman and Boro.
The features of green revolution are:
a) The Green Revolution in the late 1960s introduced the Indian farmer to cultivation of wheat and rice using high
yielding varieties (HYVs) of seeds.
b) Compared to the traditional seeds, the HYV seeds promised to produce much greater amounts of grain on a single
plant.

c) As a result, the same piece of land would now produce far larger quantities of foodgrains than was possible
earlier.
d) It is supplemented by the use of irrigation facilities, chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
Answer9. Major cereal crops of India are rice and wheat. (Write from page no. 36 & 38 from the heading of Rice and
Wheat about these crops covering the following sections: Crop, Climate/temperature /rainfall, Soil ,Areas)
Answer10. When Vinoba Bhave was delivering a lecture at Pochampalli in Andhra Pradesh, some poor landless villagers
demanded some land for their economic well-being. Afterwards Shri Ram Chandra Reddy stood up and offered 80 acres
of land to be distributed among 80 land-less villagers. This act was known as Bhoodan. Later he travelled and
introduced his ideas widely all over India.
Some zamindars, owners of many villages offered to distribute some villages among the landless. It was known as
Gramdan. However, many land-owners chose to provide some part of their land to the poor farmers due to the fear of land
ceiling act. This Bhoodan-Gramdan movement initiated by Vinobha Bhave is also known as the Blood-less Revolution.
All this helped Indian farmers to hold their own land and earn their livelihood in a much better way by improving
economic condition.
Answer11. Page-42, right side, Heading Technological and Institutional Reform, last four lines
Agriculture which provides livelihood for more than Agriculture which provides livelihood for more than 60 per cent of
its population, needs some serious technical and institutional reforms.
a) Collectivisation, after Independence.
b) Land reform. First Five Year Plan.
c) Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, fire and disease, establishment of Grameen banks,
cooperative societies and banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers at lower rates of interest were some
important steps in this direction.
d) Kissan Credit Card (KCC), Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS) are some other schemes introduced by
the Government of India for the benefit of the farmers.
e) Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers were introduced on the radio and television.
f) The government also announces minimum support price, remunerative and procurement prices for important
crops to check the exploitation of farmers by speculators and middlemen.
Answer12. Page-41, Heading-Horticulture crops, (Make points)
Horticulture crops are such crops which are associated with the production of fruits and vegetables. India is the
in great demand the world over. India is an important producer of pea, cauliflower, onion, cabbage, tomato, brinjal and
potato.

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