Contents

INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................... 1
METHODOLOGY...................................................................................................... 3
RESULT................................................................................................................. 10
DISCUSSION......................................................................................................... 12
CONCLUSION....................................................................................................... 13

INTRODUCTION
A map can be simply defined as a graphic representation of the real world. This
representation is always an abstraction of reality. Because of the infinite nature of our
Universe it is impossible to capture all of the complexity found in the real world. For
example, topographic maps abstract the three-dimensional real world at a reduced scale on a
two-dimensional plane of paper.
Maps are used to display both cultural and physical features of the environment.
Standard topographic maps show a variety of information including roads, land-use
classification, elevation, rivers and other water bodies, political boundaries, and the
identification of houses and other types of buildings. Some maps are created with very
specific goals in mind.
There are two general types of maps. Maps that give general information about the
location of features are reference maps. Maps in a road atlas are an example of reference
maps, as are topographic maps. Those that show the distribution of a specific topic are
thematic or statistical maps. A map showing population distribution by county is a thematic
map.

Reference Map

Thematic Map

All maps are representations. It is possible to show features at their actual size nor it is
possible to show full detail. A map is a model of the earth at a reduced scale. Some maps,
such as diagrams of chromosomes o atoms, are at an enlarged scale, but generally, maps are
smaller than the things they represent. Because features cannot be shown at their true size,
they must be generalized. Some details are omitted to make the most important characteristics
of a feature more apparent. In addition, three-dimensional objects have been flattened for a
two-dimensional display. The transfer of features from three dimensions to two involves the
use of a mapping.

METHODOLOGY

The method used to create the map by using the software of ArcGIS. The ArcGIS can be used
either as a research tool, where maps are intermediate steps in an analysis, or as a map
production tool, where publication-ready maps are the end product. In either case, knowing
something about the basic principles of map making will help about GIS be more effectively.
When GIS is used as a map production tool, however, it is important to make each map as
informative as possible. The map user and the map designer probably will be different
people, and the map user is not necessarily familiar with the information in the GIS-the data
behind the maps.
Maps are scale models of the earth. Real world objects have been reduced by a
constant amount, and the map scale tells us the amount of reduction or enlargement. A map
scale is a ratio, where one unit on the map represents many times that value in the real world.
Thus, if a map scale is 1:100, one inch on the map represent 100 inches in the real world.
The unit of measurement is not important one could just as easily say one foot on the map
represents 100 feet on the ground; the ratio remains constant. However, be more careful not
to mix the units.
Generalization is an umbrella term for several processes, all intended to remove
unnecessary detail. Because maps cannot show everything the mapmaker must select which
features to show and which to omit. Features may need to be simplified to be legible at a
smaller scale. In many case, data need to be classified-divided into groups of similar values.
Finally, symbols must be chosen to represent features on the map.
Typically, selection and simplification activities occur during the compilation of a
database, rather than during the map-making process. However, can find that data set has
more features than needed, and map only subset of the features. Generalize the data base by
selecting a set of features for map. Simplification is more complex process, and actually
modifies the features stored in the database. Map makers have developed elaborate methods
for simplification that are beyond the scope of GIS software. Although might not be involved
in map generalization directly, be aware that many data sets use are generalizations of the
original source data. First of all, to create the new location at the mapping, must create the

new boundary, area, road and point which is the point is the base on how much point want to
located at map.

Figure 1 Add the shapefile under the layers.

Figure 2 Untick the KML Layer to continue to located the point

Figure 3 Create the boundary at the mapping.

Figure 4 Create the point and road

Figure 5 Create the area.

Then, add information at the area, points and road. Name the point with the trees and houses
same as the area and road, give the name to each road and area. Its easy to search.

Figure 6 Information about the houses

Figure 7 Information about the trees.

Figure 8 Namely the trees and houses.

Figure 9 Name the road with the easy name to remember and pronounce.

Figure 10 Each area is the difference colour.

Symbolization is processing of assigning symbols to represent features. Some symbols are
pictorial, and look like the features they represent. Many symbols are abstract, such as a
population density map, where coloured polygons represent varying concentrations of people.
Many factors must be considered when selecting symbols for a map, such as the scale of the
map, the nature of the phenomenon being mapped, the available data, and the display method
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of the finished product. The following sections explore the symbolization process in greater
depth.

RESULT

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The Double N Clan is the new location at the google earth mapping. Its about the place with
the 5 areas, 27 trees and many houses. Double N clan is the suitable place to stay because of
the junction of road. Another than that, in this mapping have the sign road to easy people to
get the direction. Its very useful to people to get the direction and places using this mapping.

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DISCUSSION

In discussion, use the mapping its more about the direction to used it and place to went. In
google earth, should more accurate the data which is to easy people to get the palace and
direction. The scale is more generally in mapping, its not be accurate when used it. Its easier
to search or direction to one location to another location. Every road sign has their own name
and be more particular to the surrounding people.

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CONCLUSION
Overall, the mapping succeeded in showing that places and directions for helping cultures
determine new trade routes. Another that than, allowed people to understand their place in
the world, and they were invaluable tools for ancient rulers, traders and military leaders.
Information that given in the mapping with the scale and north sign. Otherwise people can
easy know the directions and place using the information given and its useful to many people.

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