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1.

a.

Compare the major differences in concept, behaviour and performance

between fixed and floating offshore structures.
[8 marks]

b.

Determine the wind forces on Leg A and on the deck house of the platform
shown in FIGURE Q1. Use the storm criteria for Ruby Vietnam location.
[8 marks]

Deck House 8 m wide

and 5 m high

Plate Girder 2 m
high
Leg A, 1.5 m
dia, 15 m tall
from MSL

FIGURE Q1

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2.

a.

The Root Mean Square (RMS) height for a storm wave at the RubyVietnam location is 5 m. What would be the maximum wave height for a
duration of one week?
[5 marks]

b.

Evaluate the total horizontal force per m length due to wave and current
after a time of 15 s at the centre of the immersed portion of a vertical
cylindrical member of diameter 750 mm immersed 8 m in water as shown
in FIGURE Q2. Assume that the member is fouled and is at a horizontal
distance of -6 m from the origin O. Use the operating criteria for RubyVietnam location as given in APPENDIX II. Take mass density of sea
water as 1025 kg/m3.
[12 marks]

O
8m

6m
FIGURE Q2

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3.

a.

FIGURE Q3 shows the details of a gravity platform.

subjected to a regular wave of 11 s period.

The platform is

Determine the dynamic

amplification factor for the horizontal response of the deck, if the damping
ratio is 10%. Assume the mass density of sea water as 1025 kg/m3, the
unit weight of concrete as 24 kN/m3 and the value of CM as 1.6.
[8 marks]

Deck Weight = 35 MN
MSL

18 m

GBS Outer Diameter 9 m

Thickness 750 mm
E = 40000 MPa

120 m

FIGURE Q3

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3.

b.

Assess the adequacy of the cross section of a jacket leg with details as
given below. Use the API Clauses given in APPENDIX III.
Chord: Diameter D = 750 mm, Thickness T = 20 mm
Yield Stress Fy = 345 MPa
Length between braces = 25 m
Modulus of Elasticity, E = 200 GPa
Fe = Euler Stress/Factor of Safety

Maximum Internal Forces on the Leg

Axial
Bending (OPB)
Bending (IPB)

= -2500 kN
= 360 kNm
= -150 kNm
[9 marks]

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4.

a.

Outline EIGHT (8) parameters that are used to compare the float-over and
crane vessel lifting methods used for topside installation.
[8 marks]

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4.

b.

FIGURE Q4 shows a three-leg jack-up platform subjected to wind and

wave loads in the operating condition. For the legs, the cross sectional
area A is 2.5 m2, moment of inertia I is 39 m4, yield stress Fy is 345 MPa
and the modulus of elasticity E is 2 x 105 MPa.

i.

Determine the reactions at the spud cans.

[3 marks]

ii.

Calculate the safety factor against overturning.

[2 marks]

iii.

Determine the safety factor against global buckling for the most
heavily loaded leg.
[4 marks]

FIGURE Q4

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5.

a.

Explain the launching and up-ending operations of a barge-launched

jacket platform using schematic diagrams.
[8 marks]

b.

TABLE Q5 shows the heights of waves H, the periods of waves T,

fractions of time P, and stress amplitudes , at a joint for a particular cross
member of a proposed structure at the site. Determine the fatigue life of
the joint, assuming a stress concentration factor of 1.95. The Stress Vs
Number of Cycles (SN) curve is represented by the following equations.
Log10 (N) = 12.48 3 Log10 (S) for N < 107
Log10 (N) = 16.13 5 Log10 (S) for N > 107

[9 marks]

TABLE Q5
H (m)

T (sec)

P (%)

(MPa)

8-10

15

55

6-8

13

40

4-6

10

30

2-4

20

0-2

93

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6.

a.

Explain the important factors that affect the material selection for offshore
structures.
[8 marks]

b.

For a jacket platform using six wells, operated by PETRONAS, the total
area of piles and conductors from mud line to 30 m below mud line is
260 m2. The total area of jacket, caissons, conductor riser etc. from MSL
to mud line is 450 m2. Determine the number of anodes required.
[8 marks]

- END OF PAPER -

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APPENDIX I (WAVE TABLE)

d/L0

d/L

d/L0

d/L

0.000
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008

0.0000
0.0179
0.0253
0.0311
0.0360

0.20
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24

0.225
0.234
0.242
0.251
0.259

0.010
0.015
0.020
0.025
0.030

0.0403
0.0496
0.0576
0.0648
0.0713

0.25
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.29

0.268
0.277
0.285
0.294
0.303

0.035
0.040
0.045
0.050
0.055

0.0775
0.0833
0.0888
0.0942
0.0993

0.30
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34

0.312
0.321
0.330
0.339
0.349

0.060
0.065
0.070
0.075
0.080

0.104
0.109
0.114
0.119
0.123

0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39

0.358
0.367
0.377
0.386
0.395

0.085
0.090
0.095
0.10
0.11

0.128
0.132
0.137
0.141
0.150

0.40
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44

0.405
0.415
0.424
0.434
0.443

0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.16

0.158
0.167
0.175
0.183
0.192

0.45
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49

0.453
0.463
0.472
0.482
0.492

0.17
0.18
0.19

0.200
0.208
0.216

0.50
0.75
1.00

0.502
0.746
0.981

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APPENDIX II (PTS CLAUSES)

APPENDIX III (API Clauses)

3.2.2 Axial Compression
3.2.2.a

Column Buckling

The allowable axial compressive stress, Fa should be determined from the following
AISC formulas for members with a D/t ratio equal to or less than 60:
/
/

for Kl/r <

(3.2.2-1)

where
2

(3.2.2-1)

E = Youngs Modulus of elasticity MPa),

K = effective length factor, Section 3.3.1d,
l = unbraced length (m),
r = radius of gyration (m).

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3.2.3 Bending
The allowable bending stress,
0.75
for
0.84

1.74

0.72

0.58

3.3

, should be determined from:

,

for
for

300

(3.2.3-1a)
(3.2.3-1b)
(3.2.3-1c)

COMBINED STRESSES FOR CYLINDRICAL MEMBERS

3.3.1 Combined Axial Compression and Bending

3.3.1.a

Cylindrical members

Cylindrical members subjected to combined compression and flexure should be

proportioned to satisfy both the following requirements along their length.

Where
1

1.0

(3.3.1-1)

1.0

(3.3.1-2)

and
0.4

or 0.85, whichever is less

12