Concept Paper

Llaga, Roed Alejandro G.

Martirez, Andrade M.
Saballero, Jessica D.
TOPIC #1: REMOVAL OF CADMIUM METAL FROM WASTEWATER BY
BIOSORPTION USING SUNFLOWER

PURPOSE
Heavy metals are highly toxic and considered as a serious threat to human health
and the environment. The increase of heavy metals in the environment is largely as a
result of industrialization. As a result of this problem, the need to remove and recovery
these heavy metals have been on the increase. One of these heavy metal is cadmium that
is hazardous and non-biodegradable which can be found on several industries like
mining, textiles, paints and etc. In line with this, the researchers are trying to find the
most economical and environment friendly solution to this problem and that is by the use
of sunflower powder as a natural absorbent. This upon research has this potential to do
so.
LITERATURE SURVEY
FACTORS TO CONSIDER
For the success of the experiment it must be supported by:
1. Availability of facility to conduct the test for the effectiveness of sunflowers
2. Availability/productivity of sunflowers in the locality.
3. Industries that produces wastewater containing cadmium
BENEFICIARIES
The research is intended to help:
1. The community affected by the contamination
2. The industry/plant that requires such
3. The environment and the organization concerning to the environment

CITATIONS

"Iranian Journal Of Health Sciences". Jhs.mazums.ac.ir. N.p., 2016. Web. 27 Aug. 2016.
"Iraq Academic Scientific Journals". Iasj.net. N.p., 2016. Web. 27 Aug. 2016.
"Research Inventy". Researchinventy.com. N.p., 2016. Web. 27 Aug. 2016.

TOPIC #2: PHYTOREMEDIATION OF WASTEWATER FROM ALLOY STEEL

INDUSTRY USING SUNFLOWER (H. ANNUUS)
PURPOSE
Phytoremediation is the use of green plants to clean-up contaminated hazardous
waste sites. The idea of using metal-accumulating plants is to remove heavy metals and
other compounds concerning plant-based mechanisms to remediate the environment.
Phytoremediation has emerged as a practical approach to clean up metal-polluted soils.
In this study the potential of sunflower to remove these metals in WASTEWATER will
be investigated. The process will be aligned with the study of wastewater treatment using
water hyacinth for they are plants that are both metal hyper accumulators.
LITERATURE SURVEY
The feasibility of the idea is supported by the information gathered from:
FACTORS TO CONSIDER
For the success of the experiment it must be supported by:
1. Effectiveness of sunflower to water treatment
2. Laboratories to test the water being treated
3. Type of steel industry suitable for such treatment
BENEFACTORS
The research is intended to help:
1. The community that is affected by the industry producing waste water
2. Steel industry
3. The environment and environmental agencies

CITATIONS

"Environmental Engineering And Management Journal". Omicron.ch.tuiasi.ro. N.p.,

2016. Web. 27 Aug. 2016.
"Environmental Engineering And Management Journal". 7.5 (2005): n. pag. Print.
Henry, Jeanna. An Overview Of The Phytoremediation Of Lead And Mercury. 2016. Print.
"Home - Springer". Link.springer.com. N.p., 2016. Web. 27 Aug. 2016.
Mohammad Iqbal Lone, Xiao-e Yang. "Phytoremediation Of Heavy Metal Polluted Soils
And Water: Progresses And Perspectives". Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B 9.3
(2008): 210. Web. 27 Aug. 2016.
Rahman, Motior M., Sofian M. Azirun, and Amru N. Boyce. "Enhanced Accumulation Of
Copper And Lead In Amaranth (Amaranthus Paniculatus), Indian Mustard (Brassica
Juncea) And Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus)". PLoS ONE 8.5 (2013): e62941. Web.
"Researchgate - Share And Discover Research". Researchgate.net. N.p., 2016. Web. 27
Aug. 2016.
Sewalem, Elfeky. "Journal Of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry". Journal of Stress
Physiology & Biochemistry 10.1 (2014): pp. 122-134. Print.

TOPIC #3: PRODUCTION OF ACRYLIC DENTURES USING CALCIUM CARBONATE

DERIVED FROM OSTREIDAE (OYSTER) SHELLS REINFORCED WITH
EGGSHELLS

PURPOSE
The purpose of the study is to produce sample of acrylic dentures from oyster
shells with addition of calcium carbonate from eggshells. Acrylic dentures are costefficient compared to other types of partial dentures and can be relined as well. Some
disadvantages of this kind of dentures is its slightly weaker strength and tendency to
easily break due to its irregular shape. Using oyster shells and eggshells which are very
rich in calcium carbonate, the project is intended to produce dentures with comparative
features with local acrylic dentures.
LITERATURE SURVEY
Acrylic dentures are usually the most cost effective and can be made within a
short period of time. One of the most important components of acrylic dentures is its
calcium carbonate. Calcium carbonate is abundant in nature. The most commonly used
source of calcium carbonate for supplements is oyster shells. Although many salts
dissolve in water, calcium carbonate does so only to a very insignificant degree, which is
why shells of aquatic creatures do not dissolve. In an acidic solution, calcium carbonate
dissolves readily; calcium carbonate supplements can provide calcium to the body
because stomach acids dissolve it easily. Eggshells contain the perfect amount of the ideal
substances for healing cavities massive amounts of calcium and 27 other minerals.
Eggshells provide the necessary amount of calcium to remineralize teeth resulting to less
plaque build-up thus whiter result and stronger enamel.

FACTORS TO CONSIDER
For the success of the research, it must be supported by:
1. Effectiveness of oyster shells and eggshells as sources of calcium carbonate and
denture whiteners respectively
2. Source of raw materials

BENEFACTORS
This research is intended to help:
1. The dentistry community
2. Denture consumers

CITATIONS

Hendrickson, Kirstin and Kirstin Hendrickson. "Natural Source Of Calcium Carbonate".

LIVESTRONG.COM. N.p., 2016. Web. 27 Aug. 2016.
"How Eggshells Can Naturally Heal Your Cavities And More". LA Healthy Living. N.p.,
2013. Web. 27 Aug. 2016.
"How To Use Eggshells To Heal Your Cavities". Healthy and Natural World. N.p., 2014.
Web. 27 Aug. 2016.
"Partial Dentures Perth: Acrylic & Chrome, Dentures Plus". Dentures Plus. N.p., 2016.
Web. 27 Aug. 2016.