Shell Aviation

JET FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE
Platts European Refining

Conference, Brussels
September 2013
Shell Aviation
Mike Farmery, Shell Aviation
Global Fuel Technical and Quality Manager
Copyright of Shell Aviation Limited
FUEL QUALITY IS REALLY IMPORTANT NOT DUPLICATED
DISCLAIMER
This presentation contains forward-looking statements and opinions concerning the
general global economic condition and that of the Aviation industry. Shell Aviation
does not warrant the reliability, accuracy or completeness of any information
contained in this presentation and, to the extent permitted by the applicable law,
disclaims any and all responsibility for any loss or damage (including without
limitation consequential, indirect or economic losses and damages) arising in any
way, including by reason of negligence for errors or omissions in this presentation.
You should therefore seek independent verification of any information presented
herein that you intend to rely on, and consult your professional advisors to
determine the course of action appropriate to you.
OVERVIEW DEVELOPMENTS IN JET FUEL QA
Importance of Traceability and what it means

QA in the supply chain EI 1530
CX 780 ICAO 9977 and global regulation
JET FUEL SUPPLY CHAINS ARE ESSENTIALLY SIMPLE

HYDRANT
DISPENSER
F
REFINERY
FUELLER
DELIVERY
F
MULTIPRODUCT DISTRIBUTION
e.g. OCEAN TANKER, PIPELINE
S
DEDICATED DISTRIBUTION
ROAD
TERMINAL
FF
RAIL
PIPELINE
rack
loading
AIRPORT
H
Y
D
R
A
N
T
BARGE
S
Strainer/course filter
Ultrafine filter microfilter, filterwater separator or filter monitor

5
BUT CAN BE VARIED AND COMPLEX

IOC refinery
IOC
Supply
depot
NOC refinery
Airport
Merchant
refinery
Merchant
refinery
Floating
storage
Traders are key players in the storage and transport of

aviation fuels and often act as intermediaries between
refineries, depots and airports. Activities include shipping,
entrepot storage or floating storage.
Independent
supply depot
NOC
refinery
TRACEABILITY - DEF STAN 91-91 ISSUE 7 AMD 2

Refineries
A
Intermediate terminals
or floating storage etc
RCQ A
COA 1
Direct delivery or
pre-airfield terminal
2
COA 2
RCQ B
COA 2
RCQ C
3
COA 3
Release
Note
RCQ D
Airport
D
RCQ D and/or release note D
RCQ A ISSUED BY THE REFINERY LAB STATES:
I have tested a representative sample of the batch and it
meets ALL the requirements of DEF STAN 91-91 Issue 7

Amd 1 (not just the main table test results)
The results are listed on the RCQ and it is compliant with
the requirements of 91-91

Refineries
A
RCQ A
COA 1
Direct delivery or
2
COA 2
RCQ B
COA 2
RCQ C
3
COA 3
Release
Note
RCQ D
Airport
D
COA 1 ISSUED BY THE TERMINAL LAB STATES:

I have tested a representative sample of the batch and it meets the
requirements of DEF STAN 91-91 Issue 7 Amd 1 for all the

parameters tested.
The actual test results and test methods used.
The batch is a mixture of the following batches:
Batch
A certified by RCQ A
Batch
B certified by RCQ B
I have these documents in my possession

I confirm that both RCQ A and RCQ B show that the respective
batches meet the requirements of DEF STAN 91-91 Issue 7 Amd 1

Refineries
A
RCQ A
COA 1
Direct delivery or
2
COA 2
RCQ B
COA 2
RCQ C
3
COA 3
Release
Note
RCQ D
Airport
D


parameters tested.
Batch
1 certified by COA 1
Batch
C certified by RCQ C

I confirm that both COA 1 and RCQ C show that the respective

Refineries
A
RCQ A
COA 1
Direct delivery or
2
COA 2
RCQ B
COA 2
RCQ C
3
COA 3
Release
Note
RCQ D
Airport
D


parameters tested.
Batch
2 certified by COA 2
Batch
D certified by RCQ D

I confirm that both COA 2 and RCQ D show that the respective

Refineries
A
RCQ A
COA 1
Direct delivery or
2
COA 2
RCQ B
COA 2
RCQ C
3
COA 3
Release
Note
RCQ D
Airport
D
DO THE ORIGINAL RCQS HAVE TO BE TO 91-91?

Jet fuel batches to other specifications are allowed to be
mixed and certified to DEF STAN 91-91

RCQ must show that batch was originally manufactured and
certified as meeting one of the major international jet fuel

specs (ASTD D 1655, GOST 10227, GB 6457) see IATA
Guidance Material
The RCQ must state that DEF STAN 91-91 requirements for
composition and approved additives are satisfied


JET FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE STANDARDS

Refining
Certification
(RoW)
(USA)
Distribution
JIG 3
API 1543
Airport
JIG 2
API 1595
JIG 1
ATA 103
18
JET FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE STANDARDS

Refining
Certification
(RoW)
(USA)
Distribution
JIG 3
API 1543
Airport
JIG 2
API 1595
JIG 1
ATA 103
EI 1530
(out for comment)
(Global)
19

CATHAY PACIFIC INCIDENT A TURNING POINT
CATHAY PACIFIC INCIDENT - BACKGROUND

Flight CX780 Surabaya-HK, 13 April 2010
A330 - 2 x Trent 700 engines
Engine throttles stuck at 71% and 17% of max thrust
Safe landing but very nearly catastrophic very high
profile in HK fuel quality implicated

Investigation lead by HK CAD but involving UK AAIB,
BEA, NTSB, NTSC plus R-R, Airbus

Airbus + Cathay raised many questions starting at IATA
meeting in Prague (Nov 2010)
AIRBUS A330 FUEL SYSTEM

Oil In
FOHE
Oil Out
Fuel Metering Valves Seized

Burners
Fuel Filter
VSV
Actuators
HP Pump
Pressure
Drop& Spill
Valve
Fuel In
FMV
HP Fuel
Shut Off
Valve
Flowmeter
HP
Strainer
LP Pump
Fuel Metering Unit

Main Engine Pump
23
AIRBUS FOUND MICRO SPHERES IN FUEL SYSTEM

Oil In
FOHE
Oil Out
Fuel Metering Valves Seized

Burners
Fuel Filter
VSV
Actuators
HP Pump
Pressure
Drop& Spill
Valve
Fuel In
FMV
HP Fuel
Shut Off
Valve
Flowmeter
HP
Strainer
LP Pump
Fuel Metering Unit

Main Engine Pump
24
THE DRIVE FOR MORE REGULATION

HK CIVIL AVIATION DEPARTMENT INTERIM REPORT
INTO CX 780 INCIDENT
Recommendation 2011-1
International Civil Aviation Organization to establish

requirements for oversight and quality control on
aviation fuel supply at airports. Such requirements
should also cover the refuel operational procedures
and associated training for relevant personnel.
CIVIL AVIATION JET FUEL SUPPLY MANUAL - 9977

Chapter 1 Introduction and Management Systems
1.1 Introduction - purpose & background, overall roles
and fuel contamination
1.2. Safety and Quality Management
Chapter 2 General Fuel Requirements
2.1 Aviation turbine engine fuel (jet fuel)
2.2 Additives
2.3 Design Standards, and Commissioning/Maintenance Procedures
2.4 Sampling for Testing of Aviation Fuels
2.5 Laboratory Requirements
2.6 Documentation
2.7 Tests for Microbiological Growth
2.8 Training of personnel involved in fuel operations
2.9 Abnormal and Emergency Preparedness
2.10 Monitoring
2.11 Aviation fuel storage and handling systems
CIVIL AVIATION JET FUEL SUPPLY MANUAL - 9977

Chapter 3 Supply and Distribution Systems
3.1 General
3.2 Refinery - Quality Requirements
3.3 Pre-airport Supply and Distribution Facilities Quality
and Operations Considerations
3.4 Primary and Secondary Transport
Chapter 4 Airport Storage and Hydrant Systems
4.1 General
4.2 Design, Construction and Maintenance
4.3 Aviation Product Quality & Other Technical Programme
Chapter 5 Into-Plane Provision
5.1 General
5.2 Quality control requirements.
5.3 Notification of Customers/Quality
5.4 Re-fuelling of Aircraft Fuel Quality Considerations
5.5 Fuelling vehicles - technical and filtration requirements
ICAO MANUAL 9977 - IMPLEMENTATION

Letter to all Member States (192)
Montreal meeting with key stakeholders September 2012
Discussion within IATA on how to include in supply
contracts
Longer term it could be incorporated into an Annex
SUMMARY QA IS ABOUT STANDARDS AND OVERSIGHT
DEF STAN 91-91 Traceability more

comprehensive, greater clarity
EI 1530 more comprehensive, including
refineries, global application
ICAO 9977 increased global regulation and
oversight
IF LIFT IS A GIFT AND THRUST IS A

MUST,
WHAT IS FUEL?
30
IF LIFT IS A GIFT AND THRUST IS A

MUST,
WHAT IS FUEL?
31

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JET FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE

Platts European Refining

Copyright of Shell Aviation Limited

FUEL QUALITY IS REALLY IMPORTANT NOT DUPLICATED

Copyright of Shell Aviation Limited

Copyright of Shell Aviation Limited

OVERVIEW DEVELOPMENTS IN JET FUEL QA

Importance of Traceability and what it means

Copyright of Shell Aviation Limited

JET FUEL SUPPLY CHAINS ARE ESSENTIALLY SIMPLE

Copyright of Shell Aviation Limited

Ultrafine filter microfilter, filterwater separator or filter monitor

BUT CAN BE VARIED AND COMPLEX

Traders are key players in the storage and transport of

TRACEABILITY - DEF STAN 91-91 ISSUE 7 AMD 2

RCQ A ISSUED BY THE REFINERY LAB STATES:

I have tested a representative sample of the batch and it

meets ALL the requirements of DEF STAN 91-91 Issue 7

the requirements of 91-91

Copyright of Shell Aviation Limited

TRACEABILITY - DEF STAN 91-91 ISSUE 7 AMD 2

COA 1 ISSUED BY THE TERMINAL LAB STATES:

requirements of DEF STAN 91-91 Issue 7 Amd 1 for all the

I have these documents in my possession

batches meet the requirements of DEF STAN 91-91 Issue 7 Amd 1

Copyright of Shell Aviation Limited

TRACEABILITY - DEF STAN 91-91 ISSUE 7 AMD 2

COA 2 ISSUED BY THE TERMINAL LAB STATES:

requirements of DEF STAN 91-91 Issue 7 Amd 1 for all the

I have these documents in my possession

batches meet the requirements of DEF STAN 91-91 Issue 7 Amd 1

Copyright of Shell Aviation Limited

TRACEABILITY - DEF STAN 91-91 ISSUE 7 AMD 2

COA 3 ISSUED BY THE TERMINAL LAB STATES:

requirements of DEF STAN 91-91 Issue 7 Amd 1 for all the

I have these documents in my possession

batches meet the requirements of DEF STAN 91-91 Issue 7 Amd 1

Copyright of Shell Aviation Limited

TRACEABILITY - DEF STAN 91-91 ISSUE 7 AMD 2

DO THE ORIGINAL RCQS HAVE TO BE TO 91-91?

mixed and certified to DEF STAN 91-91

certified as meeting one of the major international jet fuel

composition and approved additives are satisfied

OVERVIEW DEVELOPMENTS IN JET FUEL QA

Importance of Traceability and what it means

Copyright of Shell Aviation Limited

JET FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE STANDARDS

Copyright of Shell Aviation Limited

JET FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE STANDARDS

OVERVIEW DEVELOPMENTS IN JET FUEL QA

Importance of Traceability and what it means

Copyright of Shell Aviation Limited

CATHAY PACIFIC INCIDENT A TURNING POINT

Copyright of Shell Aviation Limited

CATHAY PACIFIC INCIDENT - BACKGROUND

profile in HK fuel quality implicated

BEA, NTSB, NTSC plus R-R, Airbus

meeting in Prague (Nov 2010)

Copyright of Shell Aviation Limited

AIRBUS A330 FUEL SYSTEM

Fuel Metering Valves Seized

Fuel Metering Unit

Copyright of Shell Aviation Limited

AIRBUS FOUND MICRO SPHERES IN FUEL SYSTEM