Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VI
Botong-Cabanbanan Elementary School

I.

Circulatory System
is also called the cardiovascular system
or the vascular system. Cardio refers to heart
and vascular refers to a channel or vessel
through which blood flows. is an organ system
that permits blood to circulate and transport
nutrients (such as amino acids and
electrolytes), oxygen, carbon dioxide,
hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells
in the body to provide nourishment and help in
fighting diseases, stabilize temperature and
pH, and maintain homeostasis.This system
consist of the heart, the blood and the blood
vessels.
The heart
human heart is a conical, hollow and muscular organ which helps in pumping
blood around all the parts of body. It is covered by a two layered membrane
called pericardium. The function of pericardium is to protect heart from
shock and mechanical injuries.

Heart wall
is a hollow muscular organ. Its wall encloses four chambers. The whole heart
is enclosed in a sac called pericardium.
Interior of the heart
has a left side and right side separated by a thick, muscular wall called
septum. Each side has an upper chamber called atrium and a lower chamber
called ventricle. The atria (plural of atrium) are smaller than the ventricles,
and their walls are thinner. Their job is to hold the blood before it goes
down the ventricles. The ventricles are bigger and have thicker muscular
walls. Their job is to pump blood. The right ventricle pumps blood to the
lungs while the left ventricle pumps blood on all parts of the body.

Functions of the heart

Is the pump that enables blood to circulate around the body.The
healthy heart contracts about 75 times a minute on 4500 times an
hour.The heart is an efficient machine that generates its own
power for as long sa it is supplied with nutrients and energy.
Blood Vessels
Blood reaches differents parts of the body through the blood
vessel.These are three types of blood vessels:arteries,capillaries
and veins.
Arteries
Are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. Arteries
vary in size. The larger artery, aorta, arises from the left part of the
heart.
Arterioles
From big arteries blood passes into smaller arteries until they reach
the smallest arteries.
Capillaries
Are tiny blood vessels that form a network throughout the bodys
organs and tissues.
Diffusion
Is the movement of tiny particles from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Venules
Venules join to form veins.Venules and veins are blood vessels that
can carry blood back to the heart.
Blood
Blood travels throughout the body all the time.
Blood is important.It performs the following functios.
1.It transports nutrients and oxygen to all the body cells and takes
away their waste products.
2.It protects the body fromm germs that causes diseases.
3. It helps with communication by delivering chemical messengers
called hormones to the parts of the body where these are needed.
4.It controls body temperature by moving to or away from the skin.

Composition of blood
Blood consist of a liquid part and cellular part.The liquid part
makes up about 55 percent of the volume of blood in the body
while the cellular part makes up the remaining 45 percent.

Liquid part
The liquid part of the blood is called plasma.Plasma is pale yellow
liquid which is 90 percent water and 10 percent dissolved
substances such as foods, waste products, antibodies(proteins
manufactured by white blood cells to fight disease germs) and
hormones.
Cellular part
Of the blood consists of red blood cells, white blood cells and cell
fragments called platelets. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, a
substance which is iron.Red blood cells formed in the boned
marrow and also the white blood cells.
Blood groups
There are four different blood groups:
1. Antigens - is found in red blood cells
2.
3. Antibodies - is a group of proteins that act against antigens.
The four blood types are:

Type

Characteristics

Type A

Has antigen A and anti-B

Type B

Has antigen B and anti-A

Type AB

Has both antigens A and B but no

antibodies

Type o

r,o antigens but has both anti-A and

anti- B

References
A. Documentation
Coronel C.Carmelita, Mingao R. Thelma Ph.D., Padua L. Alicia, Romero M.
Miliza, Mingao M. Melvin M.D et, al (2006) Vibal publishing house.INC.
B. Pictures
http://bitraaays.blogspot.com/2014/06/science-iii-circulatory-system.html
http://bitraaays.blogspot.com/2014/06/science-iii-circulatory-system.html