Chapter 3

3.1 Rules of Communication

1. All communication methods have three elements in common, these are?
a.
b.
c.
2. The first step to sending a message is encoding it. What is encoding?
3. How is decoding different from encoding?
4. What is encapsulation?
5. Explain how long messages or large frames are handled in a network to ensure
delivery?
6. Explain the following terms.
a. Collision
b. Flow Control
c. Response Timeout
7. Explain the following terms.
a. Unicast
b. Multicast
c. Broadcast

3.2 Network Protocols and Standards

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8. What is a protocol stack?

9. What do the lower layers in the protocol stack focus on?
a.
b.
10. What do the upper layers in the protocol stack focus on?

11. What are the three layers in the protocol stack?

a.
b.
c.
12. List some common networking protocols.
a.
b.
c.
13. The protocols IP, HTTP, and DHCP are all part of the Internet protocol suite
known as:
14. The TCP/IP protocol suite is an open standard. Explain what that means.
15. Explain what a standards-based protocol is.

16. Explain in detail why its important to have standard based protocols.

17. Explain in detail what proprietary protocols are.

18. Is Ciscos EIGRP routing protocol proprietary or non-proprietary?

19. What year was the TCP and IP protocols formalized?

20. What year did Cisco launch its first routing innovation?
21. The IEEE 802.3 and IEEE 802.11 standards are significant IEEE standards in
computer networking. Explain why.
a. 802.3
b. 802.11
22. Explain what happens at each of the OSI model layers.
a. Application Layer
b. Presentation Layer
c. Session Layer
d. Transport Layer
e. Network Layer
f. Data Link Layer
g. Physical Layer
23. Explain what happens at each of the TCP/IP model layers.
a. Application Layer
b. Transport Layer

c. Internet Layer
d. Network Access Layer

3.3 Moving Data in the Network

24. What is segmentation?
25. The process used to interleave the pieces of separate conversations together
on the network is called?

26. As application data is passed down the protocol stack on its way to be
transmitted across the network media, various protocols add information to it at
each level. This is commonly known as?

27. How does de-encapsulation differ from encapsulation?

28. An IP packet contains two IP addresses, list and explain both.

a.
b.

28. What are other names for a data link address?

a.
b.
c.

30. Which two addresses are required to send data to another host on the same
network?
a.
b.
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31. What is Address Resolution Protocol or ARP used for?

32. Explain how a host sends a message to another host located on the same
network?

33. Explain how a host sends a message to a remote network?

34. If no default gateway address is configured in the host TCP/IP settings, or if the
wrong default gateway is specified, what happens to messages addressed to hosts
on remote networks?

35. How does a local host learn the MAC address of its default gateway router?