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= , L = W
2
2
2
s
E[W ] = E[V ] 1
( Ca +C
2 ), where Ca and Cs are squared coefficients of vari-
Var(U)
,Cs2
(E[U])2
Var(V )
(E[V ])2
A production line consists of two stations: Station 1 and Station 2. A job entering
the system first goes into Station 1, receives service there, then immediately goes
to Station 2, and after being serviced there leaves the system. Both stations have
one server, and both have capacity for an infinite queue of jobs awaiting service.
An engineer made a study and he has deemed appropriate to assume that the interarrival times are iid exponential with mean 6 minutes. Also, he recorded that service times of Station 1 have mean 5 minutes and variance 10 minutes2 ; and for
Station 2 the service times have mean 4 minutes and variance 4 minutes2 .
(a) (2) What is the utilization of Station 1? What is the utilization of Station 2?
Since 1 =
Since 2 =
1
6
1
5
1
6
1
4
5
6
< 1, we have u1 = 56 ;
2
3
< 1, we have u1 = 23 .
(b) (2) What is the throughput of Station 1? What is the throughput of this production system?
T H 1 = Min( , 1 ) = 16 jobs/min = 10 jobs/hour;
T H 2 = Min( 16 , 15 , 41 ) = 61 jobs/min = 10 jobs/hour.
(c) (2) In the long run, what is the expected waiting time a job spends in a queue
for Station 1? What is the total time a job spends in Station 1? That is, time in
queue plus time in service.
1 Ca2 +Cs21
(
)
1 1
2
5
1 + 10
25
= 5 6 5
1 6 2
E[W1 ] = E[V1 ]
= 17.5 mins
and E[W ] = 17.5 + 5 = 22.5 mins
(d) (2) Suppose that, in the long run, a job spends in average 32 minutes in the
whole system. What is the total expected number of jobs in the system?
L = W = 16 32 =
16
3
jobs
(e) (2) What is the arrival rate to Station 2 if the mean of the service times of Station 1 increases to 10 minutes?What is the utilization of Station 2?
1
2 = Min( 16 , 10
)=
1
10
1
4
1
10
jobs/min;