Equation of state

P1. Gas is contained in an 8.00-L vessel at a temperature of 20.08C and a pressure

of 9.00 atm.
(a) Determine the number of moles of gas in the vessel.
(b) How many molecules are in the vessel?
Given:
V= 8 L = 8 10-3 m3
T= 20.08 C +273 = 293.08 K
P= 9 atm 1.013105 = 9.117105 pa

(a) PV= n RT
n=
=
(b) n =

PV
RT
9.11710^5 8 10^3
8.314293.08

= 2.99 moles

N
Na

N = n Na
= 2.996.021023 = 1.081024 molecules

P2. A container in the shape of a cube 10.0 cm on each edge contains air (with
equivalent molar mass 28.9 g/mol) at atmospheric pressure and temperature 300
K.
Find (a) the mass of the gas.
(b) The gravitational force exerted on it.
(c) The force it exerts on each face of the cube.
(d) Why does such a small sample exert such a great force?
Given:
L= 10 cm

so volume of cube = L3 = (1010-2)3 = 10-3 m3

M= 28.9 g/mole = 28.9 10-3 Kg/mole

P= 1.013105 pa
T= 300 K

(a) PV= n RT
m=
=

,n=

m
M

PVM
RT
1.01310^5 10^328.910^3
8.314300

= 1.1710-3 Kg

(b) Fg= mg
= 1.1710-3 9.8 = 11.510-3 N
(c) F = PA
= 1.013105 (1010-2)2

= 1.013103 N

(d) The molecules must be moving very fast to hit the walls hard (high velocity).

Work and heat

P1: One mole of an ideal gas does 3 000 J of work on its surroundings as it
expands isothermally to a final pressure of 1.00 atm and volume of 25.0 L.
Determine (a) the temperature of the gas
(b) The initial volume.
(c) Plot the process in the graph
Given:
n = 1 mole
W= -3000 J (done by the gas)
Isothermal means T is constant
Pf= 1 atm 1.013105 = 1.013105 pa
Vf= 25L = 25 10-3 m3
(a) PV= n RT
T=
=

PV
nR
1.01310^5 25 10^3
8.3141

(b) W = - nRT ln

= 304.6 K

-3000 = 18.314304.6 ln

2510^3

Vi = 7.6510-3 m3
(c)

First law of Thermodynamics

P1: A gas is compressed at a constant pressure of 0.800 atm from 9.00 L to 2.00 L.
In the process, 400 J of energy leaves the gas by heat.
(a) What is the work done on the gas?
(b) What is the change in its internal energy?
Given:
Pi= Pf =0.8 atm 1.013105 = 0.8104105 pa (isobaric)
Vi = 9 L = 9 10-3 m3
Vf= 2 L = 2 10-3 m3
Q = -400 J as system is losing heat

(a) W = -P (Vf - Vi )
= - (0.81042 105) (2 10-3 - 9 10-3)
= 564 K
(b) Eint= Q + W
= -400+ 567
=167 J

P2: An ideal gas initially at Pi, Vi, and Tiis taken through a cycle as shown in the
figure.
(a) Find the net work done on the gas per cycle.
(b) What is the net energy added by heat to the system per
cycle?
(c) Obtain a numerical value for the net work done per
cycle for 1.00 mole of gas initially at 0C.
Given:
Cyclic process

Eint = 0

Q=-W
For (c) n=1
T=0C+273 =273 k

(a) W =WDA+ WAB + WBC+ WCD

=-Pi(Vi -3Vi)+ 0 -3Pi(3Vi -Vi)+ 0= -4 Pi Vi J
OR
The work done during each step of the cycle equals the negative of the area under
that segment of the PV curve.
(b) Q = -W
= 4 Pi Vi J
(c) W = 4PiVi = 4nRT
=4(1)(8.314)(273) = 9.08 103J

P3. A sample of an ideal gas goes through the process shown in the figure From A
to B, the process is adiabatic; from B to C, and it is isobaric with 100 kJ of energy
entering the system by heat. From C to D, the process is isothermal; from D to A,
it is isobaric with 150 kJ of energy leaving the system by heat.
Determine the difference in internal energy (EintB EintA).
Given:
cirabosI

cirabosI

From A to B
From B to C
From C to D
From D to A

adiabatic
isobaric (Q=100103 J as system is gaining heat)
isothermal
isobaric (Q=-150103 J as system is losing heat)

During the whole cycle: Eint = 0

Eint AB+ Eint BC + Eint CD + Eint DA =0

eq. (1)

Eint BC = QBC + WBC

=100103- P (VC VB)
=100103- (31.013105 (0.4 0.09))
=5791 J
Eint CD = 0 (isothermal)
Eint DA= Q DA+ WDA
=-150103- P (VA VD)
=-150103- (11.013105 (0.2 1.2))
=-48700 J
Substitute in eq. (1)
Eint AB = - Eint BC - Eint CD - Eint DA = -5791 -0+48700
= 42.9 103J
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