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1) Do you attribute political rise of women leaders in India to the men around

them? In your opinion, what should change in India to see women occupy
powerful posts? Critically comment. (200 Words)
Women in India have been rising politically since independence and they
have been able to occupy important legislative, executive and judicial seats.
We had leaders like Sarojini Naidu, Vijay Laxmi Pandit, Indira Gandhi, Fathima
Beevi, Meera Kumar etc.
The rise of these women cant be just centered to the presence of men
around them. They have been able to chart their own rise with their selfdetermination, perseverance and skills. However there has been unequal
growth in political, economic and social status of woman as a class. Only an
elite section of female society is well off. Female feticide, malnutrition and
discrimination of girl child still plagues our patriarchal society. Although 48%
of Indias population is female but they occupy just 15% of legislative seats
in Lok Sabha. A large section of male population is still not ready to allow
greater representation of women in the society. We need to change our
attitude and create an enabling environment by providing quality education,
health services and financial support to help women rise politically,
economically and socially.
Compare and contrast the merits and demerits of the Child Labour
(Prohibition and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2016, with previous child
labour laws. (200 Words)
The term child labour is often defined as work that deprives children of
their childhood, their potential and their dignity, and that is harmful to
physical and mental development. Child labour Amendment Act 2016 is a
step in the direction to eliminate child labour. However it takes piecemeal
approach and has some lacunae that can defeat the purpose of the bill
1. Complete ban on employment of children below 14 years of age in all
occupations and enterprises except those run by his or her family or
entertainment industry. The definition of parents has been broadened
which is a cause for concern. It is in contravention to Juvenile Justice
Act and RTE Act. This would trap millions of poor low caste children in
child labour forever.
2. A new definition of adolescents has been introduced in the law. This is
an improvement over earlier provision which banned employment of
children below 14 years of age in only 18 hazardous industries.
However the list of hazardous industries has been reduced
considerably and it can be modified by an executive discretion.
3. Penal provisions for repeat offenders have been increased but for the
parents who push their wards into Child labour, it has been diluted.

They were earlier subjected to same punishment as the employer of


the child

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