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SUMARY
CHARACTERISTICS OF
THE ATMOSPHERE
CHARACTERISTICS OF
THE ATMOSPHERE
()()
= 287
1716
()()
()()
THIS EQUATION IS CALLED THE PERFECT GAS
EQUATION
HYDROSTATIC EQUATION
dh
PdA
= y = 0
+ =
=
MANOMETRIC EQUATION
The two reservoirs
at different pressures
=
(Hydrostatic Equation)
=
(Density and Gravity are Constant)
=
(Manometric Equation)
BAROMETER
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS
Altimeter
Airspeed Indicator
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS
STANDARD ATMOSPHERE
STANDARD ATMOSPHERE
Temperature Model
variation
of
STANDARD ATMOSPHERE
Gradient Layers
In altitude bands where temperature varies, the variation with altitude is linear
and given by:
= +
STANDARD ATMOSPHERE
For example, aircraft takeoff performance depends in part on the air density.
The density for a given takeoff calculation is often given as a density altitude.
Density altitude, which is given the symbol (h), is that altitude in the standard
atmosphere that has the correspoding density. If the density is for instant,
0.00199 slug/ft3, then the density altitude would be given as 6000ft.