OXFORD 7 Be Peete ee Cou ud ae off in PITSCD1/Cassette1 ‘uction Pronunciation Unit 1.1 Unit 1.2 Unit 1.3 Unit 1.5 Summary 1 Unit 2.1 Unit 2.2 Unit 2.3 Unit 2.5 Summary 2 Unit 3.1 Unit 3.2 Unit 3.3 Unit 3.5 Summary 3 Review 1 Unit 4.1 CD2/Cassette2 Unit 4.2 Unit 4.3 Unit 4.5 Summary 4 Unit 5.1 Unit 5.2 Unit 5.3 Unit 5.5 Summary 5 Unit 6.1 Unit 6.2 Unit 6.3 Unit 6.5 Summary 6 Unit 7.1 Unit 7.2 Unit 7.3 Unit 7.5 Summary 7 CD track 1-2 344 CD3/Cassette3 Review 2 Unit 8.1 Unit 8.2 Unit 8.3 Unit 8.5 Summary 8 Unit on Unit 9.2 Unit 9.3 Unit 9.5 Summary 9 Unit 10.1 Unit 10.2 Unit 10.3 Unit 10.5 Summary 10 Review 3 Unit 11.1 CD4/Cassette4 Unit 11.2 Unit 11.3 Unit 11.5 Summary 11 Unit 12.1 Unit 12.2 Unit 12.3 Unit 12.5 Summary 12 Unit 13.1 Unit 13.2 Unit 13.3 Unit 13.5 Summary 13 Unit 14.1 Unit 14.2 Unit 14.3 Unit 14.5 Summary 14 Review 4 CD track 23 45 6-7 9 W-1 12413 14-15 16 7 18-19 20-21 22-23 24 25 26 27-28 CD track =/4 34 738 9-10 1-12 13 14 15-16 17-18 19-20 22 23-24 25-26 27-28 29 30 33Alphabet Printed forms Letter Approx. Translit- Handwritten forms lower capital name pron. eration lower capital ease -case a A ‘ah’ a a a 4 6 5 ‘beh’ b b 6 zo B B ‘veh’ v v 6 B er) et g 8 a t a a ‘deh’ d d Q D e E yeh’ ye ec c é é E ‘yoh’ yo yo é € x *K ‘zhel’ French ‘j’ zh HK HC 3 3 "zeh’ Zz Zz 7 J 4 uv ‘ce ce i ue ul i =U short i y in diphthong i i “ kK K *kah’ k k ke K a J ‘el’ 1 1 A JA M M ‘em’ m m 4 H H H ‘en’ n n H a o oO ‘oh’ ° ° 0 0 0 tl ‘peh’ P P nr tf Pp re ‘err’ rolled ‘r’ r fe £ . c ‘es’ s s G C 7 T ‘teh’ t t mi tT y y ‘oo! u ce J ¢ © ‘ef’ f f & x xX *hah’ h kh £ ax u u ‘tseh’ ts ts 4 4 “ 4 ‘cheh’ ch ch c 4 au wi ’shah’ hard ‘sh’ sh uw Wu a sti ‘ssshah’ soft ‘sssh’ shch “4 Uf * b hard sign - 6 6 s bl ‘uy’ uy y ot bt b b soft sign - 2 6 6 3 2 backwardse @ e a o » 10 ‘yoo’ yoo yu ” +0 a a ‘yah’ ya ya a aVowels There are ten vowels in the Russian alphabet. Five are the so- called ‘hard vowels’ and five are the so-called ‘soft vowels’, When pronounced on their own, or at the beginning of a word, the first four ‘soft’ vowels have a y- sound at the beginni eZ ‘Hard’ vowels a 39 oO y 4 ‘Soft’ vowels a oe é€ wp 4H Consonants Most consonants in Russian can be either ‘soft’ or ‘hard’. A consonant is hard when it is followed by a so-called ‘hard’ vowel, or if it comes at the end of a word and does not have a soft sign (-b) after it. Here are the hard variants of consonants followed by some so-called ‘hard’ vowels. Hard variants of 6y Bo ga ry 3a KO Jb consonants Ma H9 HO pa cO TBI (pei XbI A consonant is soft when it is followed by a so-called ‘soft’ vowel or has a soft sign (-b) after it. When pronouncing a soft consonant, the main part of the tongue is pushed up against the roof of the mouth, giving the sound a ‘y’-like quality. Here are the soft variants of consonants followed by some so-called ‘soft’ vowels. Soft variants of 6 Bé ga rma 38 KH JH consonants Mai ne né pa cé TH gi XH And here are some examples of soft consonants followed by a soft sign (-b). The vowel a has been added before the consonant: aus, aub, arb. Without the soft sign these would be hard: an, an, ar. Not all consonants have hard and soft variants. There are three inherently hard consonants, which are hard no matter what sort of vowel follows them, and there are two inherently soft consonants. Inherently hard consonants *x* no Wi Inherently soft consonants 4 Ww Stress has an important effect on the pronuncation of some vowels. In this book the stressed syllable in words of more than one syllable is marked with an acute accent — 0H6, eMy. rosopiiTb. In normal written Russian however — books, newspapers, signs, letters, etc. — stress is not marked, since Russians’ knowled i ere it falls. ge of their own language tells them wh—— Pepa > op ps Be ii lp Ss) Starting out Noéxanu! OBJECTIVES In this unit you'll learn how to: @ pronounce Russian words © greet people @ ask simple questions @ make simple statements And cover the following grammar and language: @ 50 ‘this is’, ‘that is’ @ gender of nouns @ pronouns LEARNING RUSSIAN 1 The first challenge in learning Russian is familiarizing yourself with the script. Although it may look daunting to begin with, you will soon find that you can recognize the words you hear on the recordings quickly and that there are few surprises in Russian spelling. To start with, however, you will need to practise reading as much as possible. Reading exercises are included in this unit. Although this course concentrates on listening and speaking, one of the best ways of learning new words is by writing them down, and then writing them out several times if possible. For this you will need to know Russian handwritten forms, which are a little different from printed letters (see page ix). Learning them now may seem like an extra burden to begin with, but your efforts will be repaid when you find you are reading and writing with ease! Now start the recording for Unit 1.AncpaBut @ If you haven't already, listen now to the Pronunciation Guide and look at the alphabet chart on page ix. When you feel you are familiar with the alphabet, come back to the book and try the activity below. ACTIVITY 1 Russian uses many words borrowed from English and many ‘international’ terms. Try to work out the meanings of the following words. i oapi 9 unKn6H 2 dopym 10 sHKH 3 Spa 11 x666u 4 rapax 12 Jlongzou 5 Bisa 13 Unxaro 6 Maiionés 14 Hpw-MdpKx 7 morép 15 Amépuxa 8 nuTeppép 16 Canxt-Ilerep6ypr LANGUAGE BUILDING | @ Stress and vowels You now know all you need to know to read Russian words of one syllable correctly, and read out longer words in a slow and deliberate style. In this book the stressed syllable in words of more than one syllable is marked with an acute accent (Mocks, xopowi6). (In books for Russian native speakers stress is not marked, since Russians’ knowledge of their own language tells them where it falls.) Stress has an important effect on the pronunciation of some vowels. The following points are vital to your understanding and speaking of Russian: * an unstressed o sounds something like ‘ah’ or ‘uh’ * an.unstressed e sounds something like ‘i’ or ‘yi’ * an unstressed s before the stressed syllable sounds like ‘i’ or ‘yi’ Thus the word ox6, meaning ‘it’, will sound something like ‘uh-no’, and the word emy, meaning ‘to him’, sounds something like ‘yi-moo’.ACTIVITY 2 Read the following words out loud. Remember, words of one syllable have no stress mark, and their vowels are Pronounced as normal. Try to learn the meanings of the words as you go. Words of one syllable: Aa yes Her no kT0? who? me? where? a I ThI you [familiar, singular] ou he/it MbI we BbI you [plural; also polite singular] Words of two syllables: ona she/it ond it ont they BOK3a1 main railway station Mocksa Moscow Téra aunt [no stress marked as é is always stressed] c10B0 word A3bIK language OKHO window Words of three syllables: padora work youua street xopould OK; well Now do activities 3, 4, and 5 on the recording.- 3gpasctByite! - @ ACTIVITY 6 is on the recording. ACTIVITY 7 A Listen to the recording. Which of the following words andj phrases do you hear? Tloxa! Tipuatuoro annerira! Tloxkanyiicra! wm owner Which of the phrases above would you use: a when offering somebody something? b onstarting a meal? c when saying goodbye to a close friend? DIALOGUE 1 O Tloxanyiicra, sami Gopu. @ Cnaci6o. A cmerana? O Bor, noxényiicra, cmeTana @ Cnacii6o. O Toxényiicra, Baum 1H. A Mmmm! Cnacii6o! © WU xxe6, noxanyiicra. puitnoro annetiita! @ Cnacii6o! VOCABULARY 3ppascteyiite! hello Ao caupauusa! goodbye npuBert! hi! [informal } noKa! bye! [informal] please; you're welcome thank you four _ aad [with slight contrast]; but ream 3 here ‘s [said whilst pointing or indicating in some way] cabbage soup and bread enjoy your meal!LANGUAGE BUILDING } Rather than giving you any new grammar in this section, here is some more reading Practice. For both activities, read the words out loud, repeating them several times. You will probably need to check back to the alphabet summary chart on Page ix. Also, bear in mind how stress affects the vowels 0, e, and a (see Page 2). ACTIVITY 8 Read the following words out loud carefully. Try to learn the meanings as you go. Words of one syllable: nau our HO but [strong contrast] Tam there 3nech here Words of two syllables: Kora ? when? oueHb very TOxe also ropoa town, city Mama mum Phrases: a MOry Tcan a xouy I want 1 106.110 I like, I love Words of four syllables: w3BHHHTe! sorry! cpujanue —_— meeting, rendezvous ACTIVITY 9 Try to work out the meanings of the following words. 1 6ap 8 anopaK 15 9m6apro 2 akc 9 xynmran 16 dbemnuti3m 3 cammur 10 mapnamenT 17 aBoKadno 4 mnprintep 11 nvinua 18 TamndcruKa 5 Brickn 12 itéra 19 smmtepatypa 6 dyr66n 13° ontumiicr 20 Pepomiouna 7 neiin6n 14 kynprypa 21 = oprann3auua @ Now do activities 10 and 11 on the recording.a Are you a student? Bol — cTyMéHTKa? @ Activity 12 is on the recording. ACTIVITY 13 What three things do Gleb and Svetlana have in common? DIALOGUE 2 Csermana, Bbl — cTyqéHTKa? @ Jia, 1 —cryaéutxa. A Bet — crynént? 2 Ja, 1 TOoxKe cryénT. A Cpéra, BbI — MOCKBMaKa? @ Ja, mocksriuKa. A spr? A 16xe mocksri4. Ho 4 n106010 Canxt-Ietep6ypr. HA rO6xe 110610 Canxt-Herep6¥pr. Ovens mo6m6. VOCABULARY cTyneuTka student [female] cTyfeHT student [male] Cpéra familiar form of the name CeetnaHa mockBn4Ka Muscovite [female] MOCKBAY Muscovite [male] LANGUAGE BUILDING l @ 4ro ‘this is’, ‘that is’ The word Sto means ‘this is’ or ‘that is’. (Notice that the word uro is spelled with 4, not wi as you might expect.) Kro 310? Who is that? 30 Visdn. That is Ivan. Uro Sto? What is that? S70 Gopi. It’s bortsch. @ Simple statements There is no verb ‘to be’ in the present tense. In writing it is sometimes indicated by a dash. A—HiHa. | am Nina Tb! — MockauuKa. You're a Muscovite. On4 — apau. She's a doctor. Waax — ontumicr, Ivan's an optimist.@ Questions Simple questions are mad le by keepin, statement, but using a q oan luestion intonation, Hita — Bpay. Nina is a doctor. Hiva — spay? Is Nina a doctor? @ Gender of nouns It is easy to tell the gender of a Russian noun fr i a aN om the endin form in which it appears in the dictionary. This f eae y ewenich a form is called the nominative singular. Nouns ending in a consonant in the nominative singular are masculine. Here are some examples you know already: Same word order as the Sopuy, xne6, askiK, BOK3an, répon, Cankt-Nerep6ypr, Bpay, CTYAEHT, MockBH4, yt66n, xynuran Most nouns ending in the letter =a, its ‘soft’ equivalent -s, or -un are feminine: mama, cmerana, Mocksa, pa6éra, ynuua, niuua, CTyAéHTKa, MocKBMyka, TéTA, BYi3a, peBonlounA Nouns ending in the letters -o or -ne are neuter. CNOBO, OKHO, aBoKano, cBuAaHue @ Pronouns singular plural ! # ae Mbi you [familiar] TbI you [plural; also polite singular) Bet he/masculine nouns on they/nouns of any gender OHM she/feminine nouns ova neuter nouns OHO ACTIVITY 14 In A and B below, match the questions with the appropriate answer. A 1 Tye xae6? a On6 3qecb. 2 Tne cmerana? b On TaM. 3 Tae apoxayo? c Bor ona. ? a Oni 3yecb. i . B Ne cite b Bor on. Moxanyiicra! 3 Tue Ine6 wu Mean? c Onda 3zecp. 7) Now do activities 15, 16, and 17 on the recording.Who is that? Kto 3T0? Below are some short biographies to introduce the main characters in our story ‘The Larin Family’. The first episode follows in 1.5. Sro Esrénns A 510 Mpa Sto réra Tana Tldsnopua Jl4puna. Tpuropsesuy Jpn. Ona — spay. Ona — 646yuKa. On — néayuiKa. Ona T6xe mO6uT On mo6ur Gopmt. Sop ‘So Onér Manos! Sto Mapria Mpanosna A sor Jléna. 2Kaposa. Ona — 104b- Japan. Ona — Mat. Ou mperoaaBarel® Ona — xypHamiicrKa. Sro Térp Vipanosnt J1apuu. Ou- XyAOKHK- i A Sto Méiipa. Ona — woTndanaKa. ) Ona crynéHTka.VOCABULARY 6a6yuiKa grandmother [used colloquially of any old woman) AéayuKa ae sue [used colloquially of any old an, mo6ut loves Bpay doctor MaTb mother >kypHannicrKa journalist [female] oKypHanuct journalist [male] AOU (f) daughter npenogaBatenb teacher XYAOKHUK artist woTnaHaka Scottish woman TaTapuH Tartar ACTIVITY 18 Read the biographies aloud several times, checking back in your book if you have forgotten any letters. Translate the text as you go, using the pictures to help you, and learn the new words. ACTIVITY 19 You’ re at a business reception and you think you see Aleksei Semyonovich Gagarin, a Russian businessman who has done some work for your company. Check with your Russian host that it is indeed Aleksei Semyonovich, and then go over and say hello. Don't be discouraged if at this stage you’re still finding the alphabet hard going. It will take quite a while before you feel really confident in reading and writing. If you keep practising, however, one day you'll suddenly realize you're reading or writing something in Cyrillic without even thinking about it, and all the hard work will have been worthwhile. In the meantime, keep checking back over the alphabet chart on page ix and revising the early parts of the book. The more reading and writing practice you do, the easier it will be to learn new words and absorb grammar points.— The Larin Family Mporynka no TeepcKomy Gynbedpy A stroll along the Tverskoi Boulevard @ The scene takes place on Moscow’s Tverskoi where Evgeniya Pavlovna Larina, her daughi Tvanovna Zharova, and her granddaughter afternoon stroll. By chance, they meet some Ivanovna knows. Boulevarg iter Mariya, Lena are takin, ‘one Mariya VOCABULARY Moa my [with feminine nouns] Tlénouxa diminutive form of Lena - ‘little Lena’ ACTIVITY 20 Listen to the story and write in the missing words below. 1 Mapria Usdnosna, ? 2 Boptic Muxéiinosuy, 3to Mos , Esrénvia TMépnosua, 3 , Esrénua Mapnosna. eee = STO? 5 Mos o4b, JIéna. 6 , JléHouxa. ACTIVITY 21 Listen to the story again and answer the questions. 1 What is the name of the man they meet? 2 Who does Mariya introduce him to first? 3 What does the man ask Mariya next? 4 How does Mariya answer? 5 What is the man’s profession?STORY TRANSCRIPT Boris Mikhailovich Mariya Ivanovna Boris Mikhailovich Evgeniya Pavlovna Boris Mikhailovich Mariya Ivanovna Boris Mikhailovich Mapiia Modniosna, Sto a1? 3apancrayiire! 2apavcrayiire, Bopric Muxtinosi! Bopric Muxétinosn, 5r0 mos isa, Enrénus Téntosna. 3updncrsyiire, Esrénns Tléanopna! 3upancrayiire! A kro 50? ro Moi n04n, JTéna. Jléna, Sto Bopric Muxdiinopuy. On Téxe -xypHamict. Tipunér, Jénouxa! nNow it’s time to test your progress in Unit 1. 1 Match 1-8 with the English equivalents from a-h 1 noxdnyiicra! a hi! 2 3apascrsyiite! b OK! 3 qo cpuaanna! c hello 4 xtTo STO? d_ you're welcome 5 npuaruoro annerira! e thank you 6 mpusét! f whois that? 7 xopoud! g goodbye 8 cmacti6o! h enjoy your meal oe LC 2 Pair up the sentences 1-6 with the correct response from a-f to make six mini-dialogues. Z 2 3apascrsyiite! s Tloxanyiicra! Tlo camaanna! 3apazcrayiire! a 0 ronoun: of 3 Complete the replies by adding the correct P! tural) (masculine), ona (feminine), ond (neuter), of onit (P) 1 Tne xae6? Bor __.- 2 Tue oxn6? Bor ___- 3 Tne crynént? ____ 31ecb- 4 Tue yauua? ____31ecb- 5 Tae Mau u optic? __ TaM- 6 Tne Mama? ___ Tam.4 Complete each sentence with the iat eee appropriate word from mo6s10 anneriira cBuaanna Tne6 crynénr, u Caernaua cryéHTKa. Ao __, Tlérp Wsanosuu! —— 510? 310 Bopric. Tue Gopm?___ sec. TpustHoro, ! A Canxt-Tetep6ypr. Sto Hina. ___— pau, —__ $10? So ui. Tue aéayuika u 646yuka? Bor __. CONROARWNYE eee eed awe 5 How would you say the following things in Russian? (2 points for each correct answer, 1 point if you make only one error) Thank the hotel receptionist for giving you your key. Say you're a student. Ask your tour-guide if she’s a Muscovite. Say you love beetroot soup! Say ‘hello’ to some business colleagues. Ask where Ivan Alekseyevich is. Say ‘goodbye’ to a close Russian friend. Apologize for stepping on someone’s toe in a crowded bus. SYAGRONH [a a TOTAL SCORE If you scored less than 35, go through the dialogues and the Language Building sections again before completing the Summary on page 14. 13@ Now try this final test summarizing the main points cove, in this unit. You can check your answers on the recording, How would you: greet a business colleague? a close friend? say goodbye to a business colleague? to a close friend? say ‘enjoy your meal’? 4 ask ‘who is that?’ say ‘it’s Ivan’? ask where Nina is? say ‘she’s here’? ask a man you've just met if he’s a doctor? say you love St Petersburg? WCAONAGHRONE REVISION Before moving on to Unit 2, play Unit 1 through again and compare what you can say and understand now with what you knew when you started. Go over any vocabulary you still feel unsure of. : — Don’t be discouraged if you find you're still having difficulties with the Russian alphabet. We've included plenty of reading practice in the next few units to help drive it home In the meantime, keep testing yourself on the alphabet, remembering to write things down as often as you can; practising handwritten forms will also help you remember the alphabet. For further practice look at other Language im Building sections later in this book ~ you could try Bae i of the countries on page 91 (Unit 7) and page 115 ee a days of the week on page 65 (Unit 5), or the mont! 9 le 113 (Unit 8). At this stage you will probably Soe to this back to the alphabet summary chart in the a oa! book a good deal. Don’t worry — in time it will s=e™ | he next few units, rt Once you have worked through he date every! Unit 1 again. This will help to con: have learned so far.arb bb -BORe hb ba bo ee First steps Népspie warn OBJECTIVES In this unit you'll learn how to: Y~ express likes and dislikes ~ correct mistakes @) request things And cover the following grammar and language: ~ the present tense of la, Ib, and II verbs @) the accusative singular of nouns @) nouns ending in a soft sign ~ the accusative of pronouns Mm imperatives 1 @) the plural of nouns LEARNING RUSSIAN 2 Russian is a highly inflected language, which means that many words in the sentence alter their endings to express elements of grammatical meaning — for example, to show which word is the subject, which is the object, and so on. For many people, remembering the correct inflectional endings to put on words is one of the most difficult aspects of learning Russian. There are different ways of approaching this task. In this course the different inflectional endings are introduced progressively, with examples and explanations in the Language Building sections. However, many people find it useful to look at all the inflectional endings together, presented in the form of a table: the information is presented in this way in the Grammar Summary at the end of this book. @ Now start the recording for Unit 2.A urpato B cpyToon @ activity 1ison the recording. ACTIVITY 2 1 Does Svetlana like football? 2 Does Gleb play football well? 3 Does Gleb’s brother play football well? DIALOGUE 1 O Cpemiana, Bbi 1100uTe cpyToon? @ fla.a suo6m (pyT66n. A BbI urpaete B tbyT6ou? © Ja, a urpato B yr6on Kaabii tenb. Ho a 116x0 urpato. Moii 6par TOxKe urpaer B cyT6on. @ Oli, kax untepécuo! A on xopom6 urpaet? O Her, nm6xo. Mei n16xo urpaem, HO O4eHb J00HM Hrpare. VOCABULARY urpatb B cpyToon to play football KaKabIA every, each aeHb (m) day nnoxo badly 6pat brother Kak MHTepécHo! how interesting! LANGUAGE BUILDING | @ The present tense There are two main types of verbs in Russian: type | and type! a their endings in the present tense. Infinitives end in -Te (apart pt 2 often forms in -t and -4b). Verbs with an -a- before the infinitive ending pi! type |, and verbs with an -m- are often ty pie erb itself: and it is better to learn which type a verb is w pe Il. However hen you learn f e 01 depending 0° ae ae ane 1 vowel. When ae Gin the vor20ul29 stem. Type | is further divided into type !@ and Ib, stem. With type !a verbs, the stem ends in 2 verb, note the first person singular form (liste glossary), as this will give you the present tenseType la verbs (stem ending in a vowel) pa66raTb — to work (stem: pa6éra-) A paGéraio ! work (or | am working, etc.) Tbl paboTaewib you work [familiar singular] OH, OHA, OHO pabdTaer he, she, it works Mbi paGétaem we work BbI pabdTaeTe you work [polite singular, plural] OHU paboTatoT they work Other type /a verbs: urpatb ‘to play’ (a urpdio), antate ‘to read’ (a uuTato), oTAbixate ‘to relax’ (9 oTAbIxdI0), aénatb ‘to do’, ‘to make’ (a Aénavw), noHMmatb ‘to understand’ (a NOHUMa}D), H3y4aTb ‘to learn’ (A vayyaio), enywatb ‘to listen’ (a cnywato), 3HaTb ‘to know’. With type Ib verbs, the stem ends in a consonant. Type Ib verbs (stem ending in a consonant) *MaTb — to wait éxaTb — to go (by transport) (stem: >«g-) (stem: 6g) aA wKay | wait A énay Igo Thi *KAEWb you wait Tbl 6feuib you go OH KET he waits OH 6geT he goes Mb! KEM we wait MbI €9eM we go Bbi *xAéTe you wait BbI 6geTe you go OH KayT they wait OHM ényT they go If the verb is stressed on the ending, it has -6- instead of -e-. Other type /b verbs: uatn 'to go (on foot)’ (a VAY), KUT ‘to live’ (a xKuBy). Type Il verbs roBoputs - to speak, talk mo6ntTb — to love (stem: roBop-) (stem: nto6n-, m06-) A TOBOpIO | speak A nwo6no | love Tbl FOBOpMub you speak Tbi nto6uulb ~=—you love OH ropoput he speaks OH mro6nT he loves MbI FOBOPUM we speak MbI nto6uM ~~ we love BbI rOoBopuTe you speak Bbi nw6uTe you love OHA roBopst they speak OHW nwe6aT they love Some verbs, such as nw6uTb above, have a slightly different stem from the second person singular onwards; for such verbs, the first and the second person singular forms are listed in the vocabulary glossary. Other type II verbs: cmotpéTb ‘to look, watch’ (a CMOTpIO, Tb! CMOTPULUb), BMAeTb ‘to see’ (A BYDKY, Tbl BUAMUb). @ Now do activities 3 and 4 on the recording. 7| don’t like coffee Al He mroGnro Kéche @ activity 5 is on the recording. ACTIVITY 6 Correct the statements which are false. 1 Kolya’s mother doesn’t like coffee. T/F 2 She sometimes drinks tea. T/F 3 She orders milk and a bun. T/F 4 She sends the bun back. TAR DIALOGUE 2 O Mama, tpi xOuettb Kcpe? B® Her, ue xouy. K6na, Th! 3H4eutb, uT0 1 He MOGMO Kéde. O A, MOxer 6niTs, 4aii? B Hert, 4 Boo6mé He mito ait. O Mama, a uTo TsI xOueIb? A xouy Momox6 u Oy104Ky. © Tipunecrite, noxamyiicra, MonOKO 4 GymouKy. A Bor, noxkanyiicra, Mon0K6 u 6Y104Ka. IpuatHoro annerita! W Cnacri6o, Kénenpxa, Ho Gymoury a He Xouy. O Mama, 4 He MoHuMAIO. Tor xOuenIb OYTONKy Yi He xOueIE? MA cé ne xouy, KonenpKa, Joporoii Oné gua Teds. Kymai, Kyulaii Ha 390poBbe! VOCABULARY pee Kécpe (m) coffee Thi xOveLIb you want ; 4TO that [conjunction] He not moxeT GbITb maybe sai (m) tea | Boo6wé HE not at all ae 1 Mbt, Tb! NbEWIb | drink, you drin | MONOKO milk 6ynouKa bun 2 vi or ; es it, her [accusative of ov Boporon dear, my dear ou ans Te6A for y sy it kywan Ha 3popoBbe! eat! enjLANGUAGE BUILDING } @ The accusative singular of nouns The grammar of a Russian sentence requires that nouns (and adjectives etc.) should be in a particular form or case. There are six cases in Russian You have already met the nominative, which is the case used when a : noun is the subject of a verb and also in dictionary entries. The accusative is the case used for the direct object of verbs. For masculine nouns (except for those referring to people and animals — see Unit 3) and for all neuter nouns, the accusative singular is the same as the nominative singular. A uay4ato pyccKnn wsbik. | am studying Russian. Npukechte, noxanyiicta, monoK6. Could | have some milk, please? Feminine nouns change their endings from -a to -y or -uni to -nio. A xouy Gynoury. | want a bun. Boi BAquTe ynuuy? Can you see the street? @ Nouns ending in a soft sign (-b) Nouns ending in a soft sign may be either masculine or feminine. The nominative and the accusative forms are identical (except for masculine nouns referring to people or animals — see Unit 3). Here are some examples: m: py6nb (‘rouble’), roct (‘guest’), aeHb (‘day’), Kpemnb (‘Kremlin’) f nndéwagp (‘square’), asepb (‘door’), yépkoss (‘church’) @ The accusative of pronouns Pronouns have a different form when used in the accusative. nom. accusative nom. accusative ! A MeHA we MbI Hac you (sing.) Tet Te6A you (pl., formal) Bei Bac he oH ero they OHM wx she ona eé it OHO ero Ou nio6uT Mena. He loves me. Onu 3Haét0T Te6A? Do they know you? ACTIVITY 7 Put the words into the accusative. 1 cmerana 2 Jl6ujoxn 3 uépKoBb 4 yuuya 5 MosOKO 6 eHb @ Now do activities 8 and 9 on the recording. ; 1Could | have ... ? flainte, noxanyucra, --- @ ACTIVITY 10 is on the recording. ACTIVITY 11 1. What newspaper is Valerii Borisovich given first of all? 2 What is wrong with the copy of Pravda? 3 What does the postcard turn out to be? 4 What three items does Valerii Borisovich buy in the end? DIALOGUE 3 © Maitre, noxKamyiicra, «Tpapay» vi Cr4KH. @ Bor noxanyiicra. O Sro ue «IIpapaza», a «He3asricumas Taséta». BO, u3BuHtTe, noxduyiicta. Bor «Ipanza». O Ho 4ro crapaa, co BrOpHuKa. @ A uro? CeroqHa He BTOPHUK? O Het, ceréqHa He BTOPHHK, a cpema. B Ax, aa! Dpasiisexo! Vispuntite, noxayiicta. Bor Hépas «Ipaépya». Ene uTo-HHOY Ab? © [Méiite, noxanyiicra, emé STY OTKPBITKy. @ 910 He orkpritKa, a KasleHDapuK. O Hy xopoud, 4 BOSbMY KasleHsapuK, «I ipapyy» 4 cmitaKH [oxanyiicra. VOCABULARY waite «Mpaspa» «He3saBicumaa raséTa» could | have ... ? [literally: give] Pravda Nezavisimaya Gazeta cnu4Kn matches cTapan old c, co from BTOPHUK Tuesday ceroaHA today cpena Wednesday npaBunbHo that's right HOBaA ewé still, else, fu eee 4TO-HU6yAb anything, somethl euyé uTO-HMyAb? anything else oTKpEITKa ostcard - - iol kaneHpapnk ae Fyrom the ver? 8 BO3bMYLANGUAGE BUILDING | © Imperatives 1 You've already met the following examples of the formal or plural imperative (for situations where you would use sbi): cnywaite ‘listen’, M3BMHMTe ‘excuse me, sorry’, 3apascTeyiite ‘hello’, npurecure ‘bring’. Here are some more examples: Maite, noxanyiicra, xne6. Please give me some bread. Cmotpute! Look! Bxogute! Come in! Cka@xvite, noxanyiicta, re metp6? Can you tell me, please, where the metro is? For the informal singular imperative (for situations where you would use Tb), the final -Te is dropped: usBunu! gai! CMoTpH! ckaKu! @ The plural of nouns in the nominative and accusative With the exception of nouns referring to animals and people (see Unit 4), the accusative plural is the same as the nominative plural. Masculine nouns ending in consonant add -bI BOK3aNbl, CTYQéHTbI -b replace with -n py6nu, roctu Feminine nouns ending in -a replace with -b1 BU3bI, YNMUbI -b replace with -u nnowaav, ABépu “na replace with -un peBoniounn Neuter nouns ending in -O replace with -a cnopa, 6KHa -ne replace with -wa = cBMgaHn Following Spelling Rule 1 (see Grammar Summary page 221 for details) the letter bi must be replaced by u after k, r, x, »k, 4, Ww, Or wy, This affects many plurals, such as: cnwuku (‘matches’), otkppiTKu (‘postcards’), A3bIKA (‘languages’), pau (‘doctors’). ACTIVITY 12 Match the situations 1-4 with the expressions from a-d. 1 Asking directions. a /[aiire, noxanyiicra, «Ilpapzy». 2 Orderingadrink. b Ckaxtire, noxanyiicra, me MeTpo? 3 Buying a paper. c Bxopmrite! 4 Knock on door. d_ [punecrite, noxamyiicra, sait. @ Now do activities 13 and 14 on the recording. 21Bpoipecku ACTIVITY 15 Here are some common signs, shops and other buildin: - you may need page ix to remind yourself of out the meanings. Complete vocabulary list which follows. a TIOUTA 2 2 [axon 4 - BxO/I TPONNEVEYC 5 a ABTOBYC TYAJIETHI : maven} [__Boxsan_ 102 pee KMHO Me KBAC ih ie TIHBO words you will see around you on gs. They are all in capital letters check back to the alphabet summary chart a the forms. See if you can work the activity and then check the 16 Sanity TAKCM [__7arcn_VOCABULARY aBTooyc bus antéxa chemist's Bxog entrance kacca KBac KUMHO cinema, movies KHura book mopoOxeHoe ice-cream nuBo beer noyta post office ticket-office, box-office, cash-desk kvass [a Russian drink made from black bread] ACTIVITY 16 Now here are some names of streets, museums, cafés, and so on. Identify the places with the help of the vocabulary list below. : KA®E «KOTIAKABAHA» 2 TBEPCKOM BYNIbBAP 2 eons | TIIOULATB | 7 YHUABEPCUTET 9 PECTOPA 11 «Y BABYLIKM» MY3EH PEBOJIOLMH VOCABULARY kepamuka ceramics y (+ gen.) om house kpacnan red 10 MY3SEN KEPAMUMKU JJOM-MY3EH K. C. CTAHHCIIABCKOTO JJOM-My3Eli A. TI. 4EXOBA NnNOWADb PEBONIOLINN KPACHAT TWIOWANb at someone’s house, at, byJlena noxynaet mopOxeHoe Lena buys an ice-cream Evgeniya Pavlovna, Mariya Ivanoyna, and little Lena are continuing their afternoon stroll along the Tverskoi Boulevard VOCABULARY KOHE4HO of course Kakoe what sort of ... ? 9ckumo choc-ice nnom6up ‘plombieéres’ [ice-cream with candied fruit] xynwte II (kynsmo, Kynnub) to buy [here we should buy] HaBepHoe probably M ny w Hy! well, | never! npocTo simply Sto uypo! it’s wonderful! ACTIVITY 17 Who's speaking: Mariya Ivanovna, Lena, or the ice-cream man? 1 Tei xOueu Mopéxenoe? 2 SS mobm mopéxcHoe! 3 A xouy 9ckuMé. 4 Jlaiive, noxKamyiicta, 3CKHMO. 5 Emé uré-nn6yap? 6 Bet ne m06uTe, a A mo6n0. ACTIVITY 18 Listen to the story and decide whether the following a statements are true or false. Correct the statements Ww are false. 1 Lena doesn't feel like an ice-cream. a choc 2 Mariya Ivanovna asks the ice-cream man i: ; 3 The ice-cream man gives Lena the wrong ! mistake. They buy an ice-cream for Evg = Mariya Ivanovna doesn’t like ice-cre™ cream PY geniya Pavlovna too: aeACTIVITY 19 Now listen to the story again and note all the imperative forms you hear in the dialogue: there are four in total. Write them out below, giving their meanings. 1 meaning: 2 meaning: 3 meaning: 4 meaning: STORY TRANSCRIPT Mariya Ivanovna Lena Mariya Ivanovna Lena Mariya Ivanovna Ice-cream man Lena Ice-cream man Lena Ice-cream man Lena Mariya Ivanovna Lena Mariya Ivanovna Lena Jlénouka, cMorpri! Brinn MopéxeHoe? To! xouen Mop6>KeHOe? Ypa! Mop6xenoe! Konéuno, xouy! A mo6md mopéxenoe! Jlénouka, cKaxKH, KAKGe THI XO4ELIb MOpéxKeHOe? Mmmm, MOxerT 6bITb 9ckUMO? Her... 2a, 3cKUMO6. A xO¥y 3CKUMG Aaiite, nox4nyiicra, 9ckuM6. Bor, moxasyticra. Ho 5To He 9ckuM6, a nomGrip. O, npésunbuo! Masur, noxadsyitcra. Bor ackumd. Cnacti6o. Ewé 416-nn6yap? Mama, MO>xer Opirs, kyrite 18 GAGyuiKu? Oud, HaBépHoe, TOxe xOueT MOPG>xKeHOe. Her, Jlénouka, GA6yuiKa He mO6uT MopéxeHoe. A tei, MaMa, He xG¥eumb MOp62xeHOe? Her, enacni6o, Jlénouxa, 1 T6xKe He 1106m0 MopéxKeHOe. Hy w vy! Bor He s06ute, a 1 M0611. MopdxeHoe — Sto npécTo 4¥zo! 25Test Now it’s time to test your progress Im Unit 2. 1 Match the following phrases with their he is playing English equivalents, 1 a 3Hd10 & a yi 2 on urpaet b lam waiting 3 mpunectite, nowxKamyiicra, nino ¢ whereis the church? 4 rie uépKoBb? d Iknow her 5 MouoKo u 6y1OUKa e I'd like a beer, please 6 vera, STO THI? £ do you like Moscow? 7 ppt ai0GuTe Mocksy? g is that you, Auntie? 8 aKAY h milk and a bun CEE 2 Pair up 1-6 with the correct response a-f to make up six mini-dialogues. 1 ro Bei wémaete? 2 9ro ue Kode, a sail. 3 Tei Biiguu TéTIO? 4 SA He mory. 5 3mpascrsyiite, Visdn Tpurépresun! 6 [Taiire, noxayiicta, OTKPBITKY. a Ax, u3puniite, noxdnylicra! b Aa 16xe He mory! c Bort, nox«xasyicra. d O, sxomtite, Bxomnite! e Mbt oraprxdaem. 3 Put the verb in brackets into the correct form. 1A (xuate, Ib) 2 Mbt (pa6orate, Ia) 3 Ona (ropoplith. Ht) 4 Ont (moorite, 1H) 5 Bur (noHHMAaTE, la 6 Tot (éxare, Ib4 Give the gender of the words, then make them plural. 1 cryaéut m/f/n 2 yonua m/f/n 3 oKHO m/f/n 4 roctb m/f/n 5 mockBriuKa m/f/n [ 5 Complete each sentence with an appropriate noun or pronoun in the accusative taken from the box below. TIMBO ux Mocksy pecropan Teda «IIpapay» Ine Onér? $1__ se Bry. A Boobulé He mb10 Ona KaxkabIii ZeHb UHTAeT 7 Toi eé s06nuIb, a OHA He j06uT. A 311410 «Y 6a6yuuKu». A ropopto, a BbI He cyuaeTe ! Mbt u3yuaem pycckHii 4 Mama s06ur Cankt-Ierep6y¥pr, a n4na m106uT Tye Ie6 u Caermana? Bor sigute x CONaATEWNHE [ EH 6 How would you do the following in Russian? (2 points if correct, 1 point if only one error) 1 Tell someone you love football. Ask where the telephone is. Say sorry, you don’t understand. Ask the hotel receptionist if he understands you. Order some ice-cream in a restaurant. Ask for a post-card in a kiosk. Say ‘come in!’ Say you don’t like beer. DBNKTRWN TOTAL SCORE | i | If you scored less than 45, go through the dialogues and the Language Building sections again before completing the Summary on page 28. 27