Preventive Medicine I Quick Sheet

Family Health

Nuclear married man and woman + children

Extended parents; children; siblings 3 generations

o
Unilateral
o
Bilateral

Blended stepparents; stepchildren

Communal group of individuals formed for societal

purposes.

Circumflex Model (Olson)

o
Cohesion: Disengaged Separated Connected
Enmeshed (DSCE)
o
Adaptability: Rigid Structured Flexible
Chaotic (RSFC)

Family Typologies
o
Resilient
Fragile
Pliant
Bonded
Resilient
FP
BR
o
Rhythmic
Unpatterned
Intentional
Structuralized
Rhythmic
UI
SR
o
Regenerative
Vulnerable
Secure
Durable
Regenerative
VS
DR

Family Triangle
o
Physician Patient Family

ETHNIC
o
E: Explanation
o
T: Treatment
o
H: Healers
o
N: Negotiate
o
I: (Agree on) Intervention
o
C: Collaboration

BELIEF
o
B: Health beliefs
o
E: Explanation
o
L: Learn
o
I: Impact
o
E: Empathy
o
F: Feelings

BATHE
o
B: Background
o
A: Affect
o
T: Trouble
o
H: Handling
o
E: Empathy

APGAR rapid screening for family dysfunction (8-10 highly

functional; 4-7 moderate; 0-3 severely dysfunctional)
o
Adaptation
o
Partnership
o
Growth
o
Affection
o
Resolve

SCREEM
o
Social interaction
o
Cultural pride
o
Religion
o
Economic stability
o
Education
o
Medical Health

Family Health Care Plan (DPCR) diagnostic; preventive;

curative; rehabilitative

First order change mastery and adaptation; no change in

family structure; need to do

Second order change transformation of individual states

and meaning; need to be

Epidemiology

Agent element, substance, or a force; contact with host;

serves as a stimulus to initiate or perpetuate a disease.

Reservoir where infectious agents live and multiply for

survival

Passive Immunity maternal transfer; inoculation of specific

protective antibodies; brief duration

Active Immunity attained immunity

o
Natural Immunity - attack of the disease w/o
clinical manifestations
o
Artificial Immunity inoculation; variant form

Latent Immunity immunity developed due to small doses

for a long period of time

Epidemic excessive frequency

Endemic constantly occurring

Pandemic epidemic occurring within more than one country

or territory

Sporadic occasional or infrequent occurrence

Epizootic occurring in animals

Zoonotic diseases in animals transmissible to man

Infectivity ability of an agent to invade and adapt itself to

the human host

Pathogenicity measure of the ability of an agent to set up a

local or general tissue reaction

Virulence - measure of the severity of the reaction produced

Contact transmission touching the infected reservoir

Vehicle transmission agent is transported by water, food,

milk, serum or plasma

Vector transmission arthropods or other invertebrates bite

or deposit infective material (malaria, typhus, filariasis; fly or
mosquito)

Airborne transmission respiratory inhalation (droplet

nuclei, dust)

Portal of entry respiratory tract; mouth; skin; mucous

membrane; conjunctiva; placenta

Incubation Period interval between the time of entry of the

agent and onset of signs and symptoms

Clinical Horizon after incubation period: fever; rash;

jaundice; vomiting

Outcome of disease chronic; carrier; temporary/permanent

disability; death

Period of communicability period during which the patient

is infectious

Levels of Prevention
o
Primary Prevention immunization

Alters susceptibility

Reduces known risks

o
Secondary Prevention early diagnosis; prompt
treatment; control of the patient; disability limitation;
screening
o
Tertiary Prevention rehabilitation

Herd immunity state of resistance of a group of individuals

to the susceptibles in a community

Point epidemic single exposure (food-borne disease)

Contact epidemic peak, regular or irregular, in the

oscillating occurrence of a disease which is constantly
present in a community

Epidemic Curves
o
Classical short ascending and climb

rapid transmission

food-borne diseases
o
Inverted Curve long ascending, short
descending limb

Transmission is more complex

Long incubation period

Malaria, insect-borne disease

o
Bell-shaped Curve rapid ascending and rapid
descending limb

Spread is rapid; transmission is simple;

rapid elimination

Measles; polio

Mikey

Community Health

1973-4 regional initiatives in PHC

o
Banzon of Region VIII
o
Barangay Health Auxiliary Volunteers
o
Roxas of Bukidnon with the Barangay Volunteers
Medics

1978 Started research and development in PHC with

WHO/DANIDA/SIDA

1981 nationwide implementation of PHC

1985 PHC working in all barangays

Population Pyramid age/sex structure

o
Expansive broad base; high proportion of
children; rapid rate of population growth
o
Constructive narrow base; rapid decline in
fertility
o
Stationary narrow base; roughly equal numbers
in each age group, slow or zero growth

Natural growth births / deaths

Total growth births / deaths/ net migration

Natality Rates
Name
Numerator
Denominator
K
CBR
# live births
Average
1000
Population
GFR
# live births
# women (151000
44 yrs)
Morbidity Rates
Incidence
# new cases
# exposed to
1000
risk
Prevalence
# all cases
Population
1000
Attack Rate
# ill with
# persons at
100
disease
event
Mortality Rates
CDR
# total deaths
Average
1000
Population
Cause# deaths from
Average
1000
specific
a cause
Population
Age specific
# deaths; all
Average
1000
causes; age
population of
group
age group
IMR (infant)
# deaths <1 yr Total live
1000
births
Perinatal MR
# deaths 28
Total live
1000
wks 7 days
births
Neonatal MR
# deaths 28
Total live
1000
days 1 year
births
Total live
1000
Maternal MR
# deaths due
births
to pregnancy;
labor;
puerperium
Case Fatality
# deaths from
# cases of
100
Rate
a disease
disease
Other
Sex Ratio
Males
Females
100
Dependency
<14 + >65
15-64
100
Ratio
Proportions
Proportionate
# deaths from
Total deaths;
100
MR
a cause
all causes
# deaths; all
Total deaths;
100
Swaroops
causes (50+)
all causes
Index
(measure of
health status
of country)

Man In Health

Health care provider

o
History taking; physical examination
o
Clinical; diagnostic reasoning; Prescription

Educator/Counselor
o
Information/motivation health education
o
Promotes good health

Researcher
o
Applies best clinical evidences in patient care
o
Applies steps of critical appraisal in evaluating
scientific literature

Social Mobilizer
o
Catalyst in generating active participation across all
sectors
o
Empowers

Manager
o
Referral system; Linkages; networking

Biomedical model
o
Does not adequately explain patient illness
o
Dualistic; Mechanistic; Reductionistic; Disease
Oriented

Biopsychosocial model
o
Multi-cause multi-effect
o
Tissue Organ Nervous System Person
Two-Person Family Community

Forms of Communication
o
Static cues appearance; clothes; etc.
o
Dynamic cues posture; body movements;
gestures; eye contact; etc.
o
Listening

Attending greetings; gesture; posture

Paraphrasing restate and clarify

Perception checking confirmation of

accuracy

Am I right in saying
o
Leading

Indirect leading helps get started

Pausing

Direct leading elaboration of the topic

Tell me more about

Questioning direct; yes/no;

confrontation; probing

Focusing prioritize the topic; one

aspect only

Lets talk about ___ first

o
Reflecting

So you feel or How do you explain

that?
o
Summarizing highlighting key points; middle or
end

Adolescents
o
BP measurement; sexual maturity; skin problems;
mental and psychological status
o
Immunizations: Hep B, MMR, Tetanus
o
Screening: CBC, PPD

Adults
o
Screening: BP; Height; weight; total blood
cholesterol; Pap test
o
Men 20-35 & Women 20-45 lipid profile
o
Women 40+ - Mammogram; BSE
o
Women (child bearing) Rubella serology
o
50+ - FOBT; sigmoidoscopy
o
Prostate: DRE; PSA
o
Immuniations: Tetanus booster; Rubella

Social Determinants: Social Gradient; Stress; Early life;

Social Exclusion; Working conditions; Unemployment; Social
support; Addiction; Food; Transport

Mikey