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CD-0049

Radar Observation and plotting

What is the fundamental principle of a marine radar?


Detection of other objects outside own ship.

How is the amplifier protected from the transmitted pulse?


By the Transmitter/Receiver switch.

What is the relation between the scanners horizontal width (size) and horizontal beam width?
Large scanner horizontal width, narrow horizontal beam width.

What is the main function of the antenna?


To transmit the radar signals and receive echoes from objects.

How does radar antenna height influence on sea clutter?


High antenna height results in more sea clutter displayed on the screen.

What is the main function of the receiver?


Amplify the incoming signals.

What is the correct setting for the Gain control?


A little noise (speckled effect) remaining visible on the screen.

How can the horizontal extent of a Blind Sector be accurately determined?


By turning the ship through 360 degrees and determining when a strong echo disappears
and reappears on the radar screen.

Does the ships trim affect radar minimum range?


Yes, it may introduce obstructions and blind sectors.
Only at short distance.

10 Can the frequency of radar pulses transmitted per second affect the radars maximum range?
Yes.

11 What is the meaning of radars Range Discrimination?

The radar ability to display as separate spots on the screen, close targets on the same
bearing.

12 What is the meaning of radar Bearing Discrimination?

The radar ability to display as separate spots on the screen, close targets on the same
range.

13 The reflection of radar pulses is similar to that of?


Light waves.

14 What is known as Side Lobes with reference to marine radar?

Unwanted lobes of energy transmitted outside the main radar transmission beam.

15 We have normal transmission of radar waves when the radar horizon is?
10% longer than the visible horizon.

16 Which radar condition can be associated with a temperature inversion?


Ducting.

17 What is the effect of Sub-refraction?

Distance to the radar horizon is reduced.

18 What is the purpose of the Gain control?

To adjust the amount of amplification of the echoes.

CD-0049

Radar Observation and plotting

19 What is the purpose of the Anti Sea Clutter controls?

Reduces the affects of the echo returns from the sea waves.

20 Marine radar bearing accuracy is generally?

Good, but not as good as the range rings.

21 Marine radar range accuracy is generally?

Good, but the range rings are better than the VRM.

22 Which course should be fed in to the radar with a stabilised radar picture?
True course steered by own ship.

23 How can the Beam Width Distortion be minimized?


Reduce the setting of the Gain control.

24 What is the purpose of the Heading Line (HL) -suppression control

To switch off the HL temporarily in order to see under the line on the screen.

25 What is the purpose of the VRM control?

To measure distance of a target on the screen accurately from own ship.

26 IMO resolution 477 applies to all ships built after?


1984

27 What is the minimum radar display diameter for ships of 10 000 tons and upwards?
16 inch

28 What is the required accuracy of the heading marker?


+/- 1.0

29 Is it a requirement to have the HM-suppress button spring loaded?


Yes, it is a IMO requirement.

30 What is the maximum radar warm-up time?


4 min

31 What is the minimum number of range scales required?


5

32 What is the minimum display diameter required on ships bigger than 1600 tons but less than
10 000 tons?
250 mm

33 The radar must be able to operate in relative wind speeds up to?


100 knots

34 What is the main purpose of plotting?

Obtain information about whether danger of collision exists, CPA, TCPA, target course and
speed.

35 Which of the following provides the complete answer, when related to the effect of using
incorrect bearings in plotting?
CPA, TCPA, Course and Speed of the target are effected.

36 What is the effect of gyro error?


All bearings will be wrong.

CD-0049

Radar Observation and plotting

37 What is the effect of error in own ships speed, when completing a plot?
Error in the targets course and speed.

38 What is the purpose of determining the Aspect of a target vessel ?

Provide the same information as could be seen visually out of the wheelhouse window.

39 What is the quickest method of deciding whether collision danger exists or not?
By taking several bearings of the target.

40 What is the main disadvantage of true plotting?

Collision risk (CPA) can only be found by completing the plot.

41 When completing a full Relative plot (North up), what input information is required?

A series of target ranges and bearings and own ships course and speed through the water.

42 Why should radar still be used during the day in clear visibility?

To improve confidence and competence in the use of that specific radar.

43 What is the purpose of a radar reflector?

Making small objects more radar visible.

44 When does a radar display the identity signal of a racon?

When the wavelength of the racon is similar to the radar in use.

45 What is sometimes known as a Coded Racon?

A racon which displays a Morse code on the radar screen.

46 What is the main purpose of the parallel index lines?

To assist the navigator in maintaining the desired course over the ground..

47 Which of the radar controls can be left at the setting determined when the set was first
switched on?
None.

48 What is the correct type of radar display to be selected when at sea?

Always use a compass stabilized display either True Motion or Relative Motion to suit
experience and environment.

49 What radar range should be selected to suit all conditions?

The range most suitable to the proximity of targets and land, but with frequent checks of
higher and lower ranges.

50 Does the Collision Regulations give any preference to ships equipped with radar?
No.

51 What is the main content of Rule 19 in the Collision Regulations?


The conduct of vessels in restricted visibility.

52 The action taken to avoid collision in reduced visibility should be:

Positive, in ample time and avoiding a series of small alterations.

53 The actions required by the Collision Regulations can be ignored when:


Never.

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