Organic Chemistry

1. Definition
In general, organic chemistry is the study chemical of a compound that could be obtained
from living organism.

In modern version, the definition is divide into two, there are:

1. The study of molecular compounds of carbon atom.

2. The properties of organic compounds are a result of the covalent bonds within their
molecules.
Organic compounds are compounds that contained carbon atom and its derivate.

1. History
2. Since 1780, scientist began to distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds.
3. Organic compounds are compounds that could be obtained from living organism.
4. Inorganic compounds are coming from non-living organism.

1. Vitalism
2. The intervention of a vital force was needed to synthesize organic compounds.
3. Therefore, such synthesize could only take place in living organism and couldnt take
place in test tube and flask of the laboratory.

Vital force theory:

Inorganic materials could be converted to organic materials in the presence of a vital force
found only in living bodies.

1828 Fredrich Wohlers period

1. Synthesize the organic compound urea ( a constituent urine).

2. Urea was synthesize by evaporating an aqueous solution containing the organic
compound ammonium isocyanate.
3. At the age of 27th , he discovered Aluminum.

Table of the differentiation organic and inorganic compounds.

Organic compounds

Inorganic compounds

Covalent bonding

Ionic/covalent bonding

Low boiling point <3500 C

High boiling point >3500 C

Low melting point

Low melting point

Flammable

Inflammable

Low solubility in water

High solubility in water

Non-conductor

Conductor

Chemical reaction are slowly

Chemical reaction are fast

Show isomerism >2

Isomerism is limited, max 2

Classification of organic compounds

In the present age, a lot of the materials around us are obtained from the synthesis of a
molecules or organic substances. Because now is the modern age, then it is very easy we can
make an organic substance itself by synthesizing.

So far, we had gotten the benefit from the organic compounds but we also must be aware
because all of organic compounds do not always give the benefits for us. Organic compounds
also have a negative impact on our daily life.

The benefits of organic chemistry in daily life are:

1. Food [starch, sugars, fats, vitamins, protein]

2. Fuel [wood, coal, alcohol, gasoline]
3. Household [paper, soap, cosmetics, oils, paints]
4. Textiles [cotton, wool, silk, linen, rayon, nylon]
5. Medicines and disinfectants [penicillin, quinine, aspirin, sulfa drugs]
6. Toxins [opium, strychnine]
7. Perfume [vanilla, camphor]
8. Explosives [nitroglycerine, dynamite, picric acid, TNT]
9. Dyes [indigo, Congo red, malachite green]
10. Gas war [mustard gas, chloropicrin, Lewisite]

The negative impact of organic chemistry in daily life are:

1. Some of them are hazardous to health.

2. Can cause environmental pollution.
3. Affect ecosystems on earth.