UTILIZATION FRENEL LENS AS CONCENTRATOR SOLAR THERMAL

POWER PLANTS BASED THERMO COLLER (TEC)

a

Suwandi, Muhammad Choirul Anwar, Dwi Sukma Aji, Apik Hidayat, and Triwahju Hardianto
b
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Jember
c
East Java 68121
e-mail: s.wandii19@gmail.com

Abstract
Some of the energy problem faced in Indonesia, such as increasing energy subsidies to Rp 255.6
trillion in 2011. The number of people who do not have access to electricity was 87.69 million
inhabitants. Limitations in domestic infrastructure are the challenges and problems in meeting
domestic energy needs. Dependence on oil is still dominant reached 49.7%, while the use of new
renewable energy (EBT) was approximately 6%. Development is still concentrated in Java Island is
also a problem in the supply of energy, particularly electricity, mengingatm most of the energy
resources it is outside the island of Java. As a result, the load centers outside Java is still relatively
small and tend to have very different load curve between base load and load uncak.Pemanfaatan
diIndonesia solar energy sources are already dillakukan by utilizing solar panels as solar power
plants are environmentally friendly, but the price relatively expensive constrain people to use, and
now with the thermoelectric generator, or commonly referred to as TEG (thermoelectric generators)
that generate electricity by exploiting the temperature difference between cold and heat, where this
principle is known as the 'Seebeck effect'. With the help of fresnel lens to collect heat from the sun, and
optimizing the thermal energy from the heat of the sun which is then sent to termoeletrik through the
medium of aluminum plate which will convert electrical energy widened. This study is focused to
determine the effect of the use of fresnel power produced by the thermoelectric generator. Testing was
done by varying the distance between the fresnel lens with a thermoelectric element on which it is
limited by an aluminum plate in order to flatten the heat absorbed by the fresnel lens. The test results
showed that with sixteen fresnel lenses are arranged just above the fruit of the thermoelectric element
with a distance of 12.5 cm, maximum output power of 0.1 Watt with beskisar temperature of 38 C 84 C. These results indicate that TEG has prospects as a source of electrical energy.
Keywords: Thermoelectric Generator, Seebeck Effect, Fresnel Lens.

1. INTRODUCTIONS
2.
One of the constraints of electric
energy in Indonesia now there is an
imbalance between the electrical energy
consumption with the ability of PLN to
supply
electricity.
System
Planning
Department PT. PLN (Persero) and Energy
Team BPPT projected electricity demand in
Indonesia for the period 2003-2020 will
increase by 6.5% annually.
3.
To resolve the matter, PLN conduct
electrical energy savings to consumers by
seeking alternative energy sources to
improve the efficiency of existing energy
sources, one of them by using solar energy is
to use solar panels as an environmentally
friendly energy.
4.
With the thermoelectric generator into
a solution that is promising to make one of
the renewable energy in addition to solar
panels, although the efficiency of
thermoelectric generators is still low

compared with the solar panels, but at least

generatator Thermoelectric can replace the
function of panels to meet energy needs in
the areas not yet reached PLN.
5.
A TEG is a solid-state device that
converts a temperature gradient directly into
electricity. It consists of a large number of
thermocouples that are connected electrically
in series and thermally in parallel. The
thermocouples are junctions of heavily doped
emiconductors. During operation, heat is
applied to one junction while it is removed
from the other. This causes electrons in the ntype leg and holes in the p-type leg to drift
away from the hot junction toward the cold
one. The resulting charge separation
produces a voltage across the thermocouple.
This is known as the Seebeck voltage and its
magnitude is proportionalto the temperature
difference of the hot and cold junctions. (Ian
laird, etc, 2013)

6.
To focus the sun's heat coming into
thermoelectric generators fresnel lenses can
be used to optimize the heat generated by the
sun.
7.
8. LITERATURE
8.1 Thermoelectric Generator
9. TEG (Thermoelectric Generator) is a
semiconductor device that converts
heat energy directly into electrical
energy. A TEG consists of a number
of semiconductor blocks cube. The
shape of the thermoelectric generator
like the dishes that are 2 sides of the
heat is placed on one side and the
other side ditempatkanpada cold side.
TEG principle states that the required
temperature differences on the two
sides of the TEG surface to produce
electricity. Therefore, according to
Thomas J. Seebeck in 1821, the
potential difference can be produced
by a circuit made of two different
wire when one of the intersections it
is heated. The theory is called the
Seebeck effect. A thermoelectric
module consists of two different
semiconductor materials or cell
known as the Seebeck or thermo
elements. TEG performance can be
seen by measuring the temperature
differences on the two sides of the
TEG.
10.

11. Fig. 1. Thermoelectric Generator

12. The image above shows a TEG

module that removes heat after being
given electric current (Peltier effect).
Most of the TEG modules made of Ptype semiconductor and N type with
the same number in which the P-type

element and one element of type N is

a pair (couple) which form the
thermoelectric element. When a
positive DC electric current supplied
to the thermal element N type, the
electrons will move from the thermal
element to the P-type thermal element
type N and the cold temperature will
be reduced due to the absorbed heat
on the side (QL). Heat is then
transferred to the hot side of the
cooler, the heat transmitted to the heat
sink and the surrounding environment
(QH) as shown in Figure 2. The heat
absorption (cooling) is proportional to
the electric current and the amount of
thermoelectric coupling or electric
power is supplied (Pin ) so that the
energy balance is
13. QH = QL + Pin.

(1)

14.
15. 2.2 Fresnel Lens
16. Fresnel lenses used as solar
concentrators for these lenses have
high optical efficiency with minimal
weight and low cost. Although the
concentrator fresnel lens solar
concentrators have been used in the
energy concentration system since
1960, the potential development of a
fresnel lens in commercial solar
energy is still in progress. However,
research
conducted
on
the
concentrated solar energy with fresnel
lens is focused on imaging of a
fresnel lens.
17. The Fresnel lens is a plane lens,
obtained by dividing a spherical lens
into appropriate concentric annular
sections. The lens thickness is limited
for each zone, transforming the
continuous curve in a series of
surfaces with the same curvature but
discontinuous. The use of this
particular lens makes it possible to
concentrate the same amount of solar
radiation obtained from a slow curve
of the same diameter but with a lower
volume. Usually these PMMA lenses
are molded by a special thermoplastic

injection molding machine. Its

particular geometry combined with
the use of polymer make the optics
very light compared to standard glass
optics of an equivalent dioptric
power.
18. The optical performance of a Fresnel
lens is around 85%, this value is
aused by a minor effect of light
attenuation due to a lower thickness
of the lens compared to a glass lens
with a yield around 80%. Similarly to
optical glass it is still affected by the
phenomena of surface reflection.
Other phenomenon that contribute to
losses in the Fresnel lenses are the
deflection of light beams due to some
non-uniformity of the polymer
molecular Fig. 2, and to the most
well-known
phenomenon
of
diffraction and geometric losses.

19.
20.
21. Fig. 2. (a) Section of a spherical lens and (b)
section of a Fresnel lens with the same
dioptric power.
22.

23. These are due to the need to

incorporate a circular lens on a base
made of square-corners by working
actually on the dead spots that do not
contribute to the concentration.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.

sideways of a certain amount d. The

deviation of incidence is corrected by
a secondary optic unit which is
what is called homogenizer (Fig.
4). The amount d, to be conveniently
corrected by the homogenizer it has
to be .
38.
38.
38.
38.
38.
38.
38.
38.
38.
38.
38.
38.
38.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52. Fig. 4. Example of the optical correction of a
homogenizer in case of off-axis of the lens.
53.

54. RESEARCH METHODS

55.
56. The tools used for data collection can
be seen in the picture below
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.

33.
34.
35. Fig. 3. Simulation of an optical beam focused
by a Fresnel lens in PMMA.

36.
37. To focus the light energy on the
expected focal point, thesun ray must
be perpendicular to the surface of the
lens. If the impact occurs with a
generic angle , the focal point shift

71. Fig. 5. Form of Generator

72.
73. Generator made to conduct this study
consists of 1 thermoelectric, then 16

pieces fresnel lens is placed right

above elements, use fresnel lens
herein is intended as a concentrator of
solar thermal generator The body uses
aluminum with a thickness of 3 mm.
For the outside of the body has a size
of 40cm x 30 cm.
74.
75.
76.
77.
Data
78. Logger
79.

Lensa Fresnel

Termoelektrik

80. Fig. 6. Block diagram of a thermoelectric

generator
81.

82. Heat source such as the sun's heat is

concentrated by fresnel lens, the heat
is directly transferred directly to the
element thermoelectric thereon has
been protected by an aluminum plate
thickness of 2mm, then the data of the
voltage and current generated by the
generator entered into a data logger
that is controlled by an arduino ,
83.
84. The retrieval of data from this
instrument is taking data directly by
measuring the voltage, current and
power generated by the generator
uses a sensor
85.

86. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

87.
88. In this study, the data was taken as a
data output from the thermoelectric
generator.
Parameters
measured
quantities the current, voltage and
power generators.
89. Electric energy generated by 1 piece
of thermoelectric elements by
utilizing sunlight during the day
amounted to 3, 453 V with a
temperature of 80 C and 46 C
cooler temperatures while the current
generated is equal to 0.104 A.
90.

91.
15
10
TEMPERATURE

5
0

Panas Matahari

10 12

DATA

92.
93. Temperature data contained in
thermoelectric
generators
using
LM35 sensor using fresnel as heat
concentrators, obtained a temperature
of between 38 C - 84 C.
94.
95.
4
3

Voltage

2
1
0

Data

96. From the graph thermoelectric

generator output voltage, the voltage
can be generated by a thermoelectric
pieces with the help of heat
concentrator fresnel lens, the highest
voltage of 2 V.
97.
98.
0:00
0:00
CURRENT

0:00
0:00

10 12

DATA

99. From the graph of the output current

thermoelectric
generators,
rated
current ranges from 0.03A - 0:05 A.

100.

use parallel circuit for high current,

for charge the battery. Because, for
charge battery with high current
capacity, need also high current
charging.

12
10
8
POWER

107.

4
2
0

10

DATA

101.
From the graph of the output
power
generated
thermoelectric
generators, power magnitude ranging
between 0:08 watt to 0.1 watts.
102.
103. CONCLUSION
104.
105.
The amount of power
produced by the thermoelectric
generator is still quite small. But
power plants with renewable energy
sources
such
thermoelectric
generators have good prospects to
become
a future
energy is
environmentally friendly. The use of
thermoelectric generators to utilize
flue gas heat from the furnace could
be a solution to overcome the energy
crisis as well as an environmentally
friendly alternative energy.
106.
For more application, we
suggest to use the original TEG with
the best specification not like TEC
element with low specification, and

12 [1]

108.
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Leva. (2012). Analysis of a Fresnel
lenses concentrator. IEEE Explore.

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