TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 8731:2012
T XY DNG CNG TRNH THY LI - PHNG PHP XC NH THM NC CA T
BNG TH NGHIM NC TRONG H O V TRONG H KHOAN TI HIN TRNG
Soils for hydraulic engineering construction - Field test method for determination of water permeability of
soil by testing of water pouring in the pit and boreholes
Li ni u
TCVN 8731:2012 c chuyn i t 14 TCN 153:2006 theo quy nh ti khon 1 iu 69 ca Lut Tiu
chun v Quy chun k thut v im a khon 1 iu 6 Ngh nh s 127/2007/N-CP ngy 01/8/2007
ca Chnh ph quy nh chi tit thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut.
TCVN 8731:2012 do Vin Khoa hc Thy li Vit Nam bin son, B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng
thn ngh, Tng cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng thm nh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh cng b.
T XY DNG CNG TRNH THY LI - PHNG PHP XC NH THM NC CA T
BNG TH NGHIM NC TRONG H O V TRONG H KHOAN TI HIN TRNG
Soils for hydraulic engineering construction - Field test method for determination of water
permeability of soil by testing of water pouring in the pit and boreholes
1. Phm vi p dng
1.1 Tiu chun ny quy nh phng php xc nh thm nc ca t bng th nghim nc
trong h o v trong h khoan i vi cc lp t c chiu dy khong 3 m n 5 m hoc hn, c mt
lp xut l hoc nng, thuc i thng kh, khng bo ha nc v c xem l ng nht ng
hng v phng din thm.
1.2 Tiu chun ny p dng cho cc loi t ht mn, t ct cha sn si v t sn si, c kt cu t
nhin hoc c m cht li, trong xy dng cng trnh thy li
1.3 Tiu chun ny khng p dng cho t cui dm v t hn tng.
CH THCH:
i vi t nm di mc nc ngm th p dng phng php th nghim mc nc hoc bm ht
nc trong h o hoc trong h khoan, theo ch dn tiu chun khc.
2. Thut ng, nh ngha, k hiu v n v o
Trong Tiu chun ny s dng cc thut ng v nh ngha sau y:
2.1
thm nc ca t (water permeability of soil)
L mc ln hay nh ca nc thm qua cc l rng gia cc ht rn ca t, tun theo nh lut chy
tng ca Darcy.
2.2
H s thm ca t (permeability coeficient of soil)
L vn tc nc thm qua mt n v din tch t vung gc vi phng thm, di tc dng ca
gradient thy lc (J) bng mt n v, k hiu l K th, tnh bng cm/s (hoc m/ng.m).
2.3
Lu lng nc thm n nh (steady permeable flow)
L lu lng nc thm khng thay i theo thi gian, di tc dng ca gradient thy lc xc nh.

3. Quy nh chung
3.1 Th nghim thm ti hin trng c tin hnh trong cc cng trnh thm d (h khoan, h o),
trong qu trnh kho st a cht cng trnh hoc theo cng nghin cu, thm tra tnh thm nc
ca t.
3.2 Nc dng th nghim phi l nc trong, khng cha cc ht bi, ht st l lng, khng ln cc
tp cht v khng nhim mui.
3.3 Ty theo lp t nm nng hoc su m la chn p dng phng php th nghim kh thi v
thch hp: th nghim nc trong h o thch hp vi lp t c mt lp xut l trn mt t t nhin
hoc nng (thng khng qu 1,5 m), cn th nghim nc trong h khoan thch hp vi cc lp
t c mt lp nm su hn 1,5 m.
3.4 Khi kt thc th nghim, phi lp y h th nghim bng chnh t khoan, o ln v m cht t
tr li nh trc; c bit l cc h th nghim trong thn p, thn , phi tin hnh m cht t tng
lp t 25 cm n 30 m vi t m thch hp.
4. Th nghim nc trong h o theo phng php ct nc khng i
4.1 Phng php ca A.K.Bnrep (phng php ch nh)
4.1.1 Phm vi p dng
Phng php th nghim ny p dng thch hp i vi cc loi t cha nhiu sn si nh ni
iu 1, c mt lp xut l hoc ti su khng qu 1,5 m, khng bo ha, c tnh thm tng i ln
n ln.
4.1.2 Nguyn tc
Th nghim nc vo h o c mt vng chn, khng ch ct nc p lc khng i bng 0,1 m;
tin hnh quan trc thm cho n khi xc nh lu lng thm n nh; tnh ton h s thm ca t theo
nh lut Darcy, da trn ba gi thit sau y:
a. Dng thm t y h o trong vng chn hng thng xung t, khng chy tn ra cc pha, nn
tit din thm bng tit din ca vng chn.
b. Vi chiu cao ct nc p lc 10 cm l nh, nn c th rng, khi lu lng thm t n n nh, th
chiu su nc thm xung t cng nh v do vy, c gradient thy lc tng ng bng 1; khi vn
tc thm bng h s thm.
c. p lc mao dn khng ng k.
4.1.3 Thit b, dng c th nghim
4.1.3.1 Vng chn bng thp, hnh tr c ng knh trong 50 cm, cao t 20 cm n 25 cm, thnh dy t
3 mm n 5 mm v mt u c vt st mp ngoi.
4.1.3.2 Thit b cp nc, n gin nht l dng hai thng o nh chun c thng s k thut nh nhau.
Thng o nh chun c ch to bng thp cng, c dng hnh tr trn thng ng v khng c li
lm, ng knh trong bng 400 mm, chiu cao 800 mm. phn di ca thng o c hai van: mt van
ni thng vi ng o mc nc (2) c lm bng thy tinh, gn trn bng thang o chia vch mm c
t thng ng v c nh vi thnh thng o; v mt van ni vi ng dn nc ra.
Hai thng o nh chun c t thng ng trn mt gi vng chc v gn cht ch vi nhau bng
cc ai thp cng (5), ng dn nc ra ca hai thng c kt ni vi mt van ba nhnh (3). Nhnh th
ba ca van ny c ni vi ng cng (4) dn nc ra v kt ni vi u ng ca phao nc ni.
Khi th nghim, van ba nhnh ny cho php ng nc thng vi ht nc, ng thi m nc
thng th hai c y nc trc , m bao cho th nghim c lin tc (xem hnh B.1 Ph
lc B).
Trc khi s dng, phi hiu chun xc nh lng nc ng vi tng vch mm trn thang o ca
tng thng; v lp biu quan h gia s o (mm) trn thang o (k t mc s 0 gn ming thng)

vi lng nc tng ng ca thng (cm3) tin s dng khi th nghim. Phi kim tra van ba nhnh
v cc ng ni, m bo cc linh kin ny khng b r r nc.
4.1.3.3 Thit b t ng iu chnh mc nc (xem hnh B.2 Ph lc B), c kt cu gm: phao ni (1),
tm nh phao c gn thng ng mt van hnh nn (2) lm bng kim loi c bng rt cao, c kch
thc ph hp vi ming u di ca ng dn nc (3) v d dng bt kn c ng ny, ng cng
dn nc (3) c lp t thng ng trn gi (5) v c th iu chnh, c nh cao yu cu,
thnh trong ming ng u di c bng rt cao v c th chp kht ln hnh nn (2); gi (5) c th
lp t vi thnh vng chn vch h hoc c th c nh v tr thch hp khc khi th nghim.
4.1.3.4 Nc dng th nghim phi ph hp vi quy nh nu trong 3.2
4.1.3.5 Cc dng c thng thng khc nh ng h bm giy, ng h ch gi, dng c o h; thanh
gt phng; thc o c chiu di khong 50 cm n 100 cm vi thang chia mm; thng cha nc d
tr; mt t vt liu t st mm do, mt t vt liu si ht 2 mm n 10 mm; nhit k chia n 50 0C,
s c chnh xc n 0,5 0C.
4.1.4 Cc bc tin hnh
4.1.4.1 San bng mt t v tr th nghim. o h c kch thc khong 1,0 m x 1,5 m, c su n
mt lp t cn xc nh h s thm, gt bng b mt y h. Sau , mt pha (theo cnh di h),
o h trn c ng knh ln hn 50 cm mt t, su t 15 cm n 20 cm lm h th nghim nc;
4.1.4.2 Cn thn t vng chn (c m t trong 4.1.3.1) xung h, cho u vt mp xung di, bng
bin php thch hp n thng ng vng chn cho ngp u vo t t 5 cm n 6 cm, ri ly t st m
nht kn khe h gia vch h v xung quanh chn thnh ngoi ca vng chn; ct, gt, sa y h cho
bng phng, nhng khng lm lp bt cc l hng vn c ca t.
4.1.4.3 Kp cht thc o vi thnh trong ca vng chn, m bo thc thng ng v vch s khng
(0) ngang vi y h; ri nh du mc chiu cao 10 cm ln thnh vng chn. Sau , ri u ln y h
mt lp si ht t 2 mm n 10 mm, dy t 2 cm n 3 cm, chng xi y h khi nc.
4.1.4.4 Lp lt ct a cht h th nghim nc.
4.1.4.5 Lp t thit b cp nc (c m t trong 4.1.3.2) vo v tr thun tin cho cp nc th
nghim, cc thng nh chun cha y nc c t v cn chnh cho thng ng. Lp t thit b t
ng iu chnh mc nc (c m t trong 4.1.3.3) vo v tr lm vic; t c nh gi (5) v tr
thch hp; g lp ng cng (3) ln gi (5) m bo thng ng v nm trn trc qua tm tit din
vng chn, ming ng hnh nn chc xung di, ngang vi mc chiu cao 10 cm c nh du
thnh vng chn; t phao ni vo vng chn sao cho van hnh nn (2) lng vo ming ca ng cng (3).
4.1.4.6 t u ng mm dn nc t thng d tr vo y h, ri m van ng dn cho nc chy t t
vo h vi tc dng mc nc khng qu 0,5 cm/min cho n khi t chiu cao 10 cm, th iu chnh
van hn ch dng nc. Khn trng iu chnh nt hnh nn nh phao cho lng vo ming u
di ca ng cng (3), ri ni thng vi ng dn nc (4) t thng o nh chun; sau , chnh van 3
nhnh cho nc mt thng chy vo h, ng thi kha kn thng kia li. Ct ngun cp nc t thng
d tr, ko u ng mm dn nc ln khi h. iu chnh ng cng (3) theo trc ng v c nh n
v tr sao cho khi mc nc trong h dng ln qu 10 cm th phao ni y van hnh nn ln, bt kn ming
ng cng (3) lm cho nc trong thng ngng chy vo h; ngc li, khi mc nc h thp di 10
cm, phao ni b h thp ko van hnh nn xung lm h ming ng (3), nc t thng o li chy vo h.
C th, nc c cp vo h th nghim m bo khng ch chiu cao ct nc lun bng 10 cm
(xem hnh B.2 Ph lc B).
4.1.4.7 Quan trc thm
Thi gian bt u quan trc (ngy, gi, pht, giy); c v ghi vo s th nghim s o mc nc trn
thang o ca thng cp nc, chnh xc n 1 mm v o nhit ca nc. Sau thng xuyn theo
di v c s o mc nc ca thng cp nc theo khong thi gian nh k 10 min/ln o n 30
min/ln o, ty theo lng nc tiu tn do thm nhiu hay t. Trong qu trnh quan trc, cn tnh lu
lng nc cp vo h. Q (cm3/s) ca tng khong thi gian c s o trn thang o ca thng cp
nc theo 4.1.5.1. Tin hnh th nghim cho ti khi lu lng nc thm t n n nh, nh quy nh
trong 4.1.2, th dng.

CH THCH:
Trong qu trnh th nghim, khi thng cp nc th nht sp ht nc, th lp tc chnh van 3 nhnh
ng thng ny v m thng kia, m bo cp nc lin tc.
4.1.4.8 Kt thc th nghim: thu dn dng c, thit b, ri lp h theo quy nh iu 3.4.
4.1.5 Chnh l s liu v tnh ton kt qu
4.1.5.1 Chnh l s c mc nc trn thang o ca thng cp nc cc thi im quan trc; tnh lu
lng thm vi tng khong thi gian trong qu trnh th nghim, theo cng thc 1:

V
t

Q=

(1)

trong :
Q l lu lng thm, cm3/s;
V l lu lng nc tiu tn do thm (cm3), trong thi gian o t t1 n t2, tnh theo cng thc: V = V1 V2, vi V1 l lng nc ca thng cp nc thi im o t 1 v V2 l lu lng trong thng thi im
o t2, c xc nh theo biu quan h gia s o trn thang o mc nc v lng nc ca thng
(nh nu trong 4.1.3.2).
t l khong thi gian gia hai ln o: t = (t 2 - t1), s (giy).
4.1.5.2 Lp biu quan h gia lu lng Q v thi gian t xc nh tr s lu lng n nh (Q c).
4.1.5.3 Tnh h s thm ca t, theo cng thc 2:
Kth =

Qc
F

(2)

trong :
Qc l lu lng thm n nh, cm3/s;
F l tit din thm, bng tit din vng chn, cm 2; tnh theo cng thc 2:
F=

D2
F

(2')

vi: D l ng knh trong ca vng chn, cm;

l s Pi, ly bng 3,14.
CH THCH:
Trong trng hp nhn thy c s khng tng ng gia h s thm vi c im thnh phn, cu trc
t y h (theo quan st), th sau khi th nghim, cn o (hoc khoan) su di h nc t 1m
n 2m quan st, m t t k lng lm sng t lt ct a cht thc t ca vng thm c kt
lun chnh xc v kt qu th nghim.
4.1.6 Bo co kt qu th nghim
Bo co th nghim gm cc thng tin sau:
- Tn cng trnh, hng mc cng trnh; n v th nghim, ngi th nghim.
- V tr v s hiu h th nghim; su h o.
- Tm tt c im ca t, km theo lt ct a cht h o.
- Phng php th nghim.
- Thit b th nghim s dng: vng chn, h thng cp nc, h thng t iu chnh mc nc;

- Chiu cao ct nc th nghim khng i.

- Thi gian tin hnh th nghim: ngy, gi.. (bt u); ngy, gi. (kt thc).
- H s thm ca t, Kth (cm/s).
- Cc thng tin khc c lin quan.
4.2 Phng php th nghim ca N.X. Netxterp (phng php ch nh)
4.2.1 Phm vi p dng
Phng php ny thch hp p dng i vi cc loi t ht nh v t ht mn cha nhiu sn si, c
mt lp xut l hoc nm su khng qu t 1,5 m, khng bo ha nc, c tnh thm nc t trung
bnh n yu.
4.2.2 Nguyn tc
Th nghim nc trong h o, s dng hai vng chn t ng tm: vng to (vng ngoi) c ng
knh trong 50 cm, vng nh (vng trong) c ng knh trong 25 cm; khng ch ct nc p lc khng
i vng trong v vng ngoi u bng 10 cm; o lng nc tiu tn do thm qua y vng nh cho
n khi t lu lng n nh th dng. p dng nh lut Darcy v c xt ti lc mao dn tnh h s
thm ca t.
4.2.3 Thit b, dng c th nghim
4.2.3.1 Hai vng chn hnh tr, bng thp, c chiu cao u bng 20 cm n 25 cm, vng to ng knh
trong 50 cm v vng nh ng knh trong 25 cm. Hai vng u c vt mp ngoi u di d
n vng ngp vo t; vng nh lng trong vng to, ng tm chnh xc v lin kt cht vi vng to bi
cc thanh ging cng.
4.2.3.2 Hai bnh mariot chuyn dng ng y nc. Mi bnh c dung tch 10 L, c nh chun v
c thang chia o lng nc vi chnh xc n 0,1 L. Ming bnh c nt bng nt c cm mt
ng gn gia. Khi s dng th nghim, cc bnh c t thng ng trn gi cng, t th ming bnh
chc xung di, mt bnh cp nc vo vng nh cn bnh kia cp nc vo khoang trng gia vng
nh v vng to (xem s Hnh C.1 Ph lc C);
4.2.3.3 Thit b khoan ly mu xc nh m ca t; Thit b v dng c xc nh m ca t ti
hin trng.
4.2.3.4 Cc dng c khc nh c nu ti 3.1.3.5.
4.2.4 Cc bc tin hnh
4.2.4.1 San bng mt t v tr th nghim. o h c kch thc khong 1,0 m x 1,5 m, su n b mt
lp t cn xc nh h s thm, gt bng b mt y h. Sau , o h trn gia c ng knh ln
hn 50 cm mt t, su khong 15 cm n 20 cm, ri dng thc thng gt bng y h cho phng, ht
b vt liu vn ra ngoi; tuyt i khng c dm chn ln y h v khng lm lp bt cc l hng sn
c ca t.
4.2.4.2 t vng nh v vng to xung h sao cho ng tm, cho u vt mp xung di, ri bng
phng php thch hp n thng ng cc vng chn ngp su u vo t t 5 cm n 6 cm. Sau ,
dng t st do nht kn cc khe h xung quanh chn thnh ngoi ca vng to v vng nh vi t
y h nc.
4.2.4.3 Lp t thng ng mt thc o st vi thnh trong ca vng nh v mt thc o st vi
thnh trong ca vng to, sao cho s khng (0) ngang vi b mt y h, ri nh du mc chiu cao 10
cm ln thnh cc vng chn. Sau , ri u ln y h mt lp si c ht t 2 mm n 10 mm, dy t 2
cm n 3 cm chng xi y h trong qu trnh th nghim nc.
4.2.4.4 Lp lt ct a cht h th nghim nc.
4.2.4.5 Bt kn ming ng u nt cc bnh mariot, ri t chng ln gi sao cho thng ng, u
chc xung. Sau , t gi cc bnh mariot vo v tr lm vic, mt bnh dng cp nc vo vng

trong v mt bnh dng cp nc vo khong trng gia vng trong v vng ngoi; iu chnh cho ming
ng u nt ca cc bnh ngang vi vch nh du chiu cao 10 cm thnh cc vng chn.
4.2.4.6 Dng nc t thng d tr cp ng thi vo vng trong v vo khoang trng gia vng trong v
vng ngoi, vi tc dng mc nc khng vt qu 0,5 cm/min, cho n khi t chiu cao mc nc
trong khong t 11 cm n 12 cm th thi (ct ngun ny). Lp tc g b ci bt ming ng u
nt cc bnh mariot nc trong cc bnh ny cp nc cho th nghim; Kim tra xem cc bnh mariot
c m bo t iu chnh mc nc trong cc vng chn ng bng vch chun chiu cao 10 cm hay
khng, nu cha t yu cu th phi chnh sa gi cc bnh mariot, nu m bo yu cu th tin
hnh bc tip theo.
4.2.4.7 Quan trc thm
Thi im bt u quan trc (ngy, gi, pht, giy), c v ghi vo s th nghim s o lng nc ca
bnh mariot cp nc vo vng trong v ca bnh mariot cp nc vo vng ngoi, ng thi o v ghi
nhit ca nc. Sau , thng xuyn theo di v c s o lng nc ca cc bnh ny theo
khong thi gian nh k 10 min/ln n 30 min/ln, ty theo lng nc b tiu tn do thm nhiu hay t.
Trong qu trnh th nghim, cn tnh lu lng Q (cm 3/s) ca tng khong thi gian gia hai ln c s
o lng nc ca bnh cp nc vo vng nh theo cng thc 1 nu ti 4.1.5.1; tin hnh th nghim
cho n khi lu lng nc tiu tn do thm t n n nh, Q c (cm3/s), th dng.
CH THCH:
Trong qu trnh th nghim, phi m bo cung cp nc lin tc v ng thi vo vng trong v vng
ngoi, duy tr ct nc khng i bng 10 cm; khi nc trong bnh gn ht, phi lp tc thay bnh
khc tng t cha y nc.
4.2.4.8 Kt thc th nghim: khn trng thu dn thit b cp nc, mc ht nc trong h ra; a cc
vng chn ra ngoi, ri khoan hoc o mt l tm h th nghim su n 3 m hoc 4 m, v o hoc
khoan mt h khc cch h ny khong 3 n 4 m cho n su tng ng. Ti cc l khoan (hoc
o) ny, theo su, vi khong cch trung bnh t 20 cm n 25 cm ly mt mu t th nghim
m lm c s xc nh su thm nc, H (cm), khi th nghim kt thc.
4.2.4.9 Lp cc h khoan, h o th nghim m bo theo quy nh ti 3.4.
4.2.5 Chnh l s liu v tnh ton kt qu
4.2.5.1 Lp lt ct a cht h nc, gm c phn khoan l kim tra v lt ct a cht ca l khoan
kim tra nm ngoi h nc.
4.2.5.2 Chnh l s liu quan trc, tnh lng nc tiu tn V (cm 3) ca tng khong thi gian gia hai
ln c s o trn bnh cp nc vo vng nh v lu lng Q thm tng ng qua y vng nh; lp
biu quan h gia lu lng (Q) v thi gian (t), xc nh chnh xc tr s lu lng thm n nh (Q c)
theo 4.2.4.7; lp biu quan h gia tng lng nc tiu tn do thm (V) v thi gian (t);
4.2.5.3 Tnh m ca t t cc mu th nghim c ly cc su khc nhau trong l khoan (hoc
o) kim tra. Lp biu quan h gia m ca t v su, xc nh chiu su nc thm xung
t (H) sau khi th nghim (chiu su tnh t y h nc n v tr m ti m ca t gim t
bin r rng hoc bng m ca t h quan st).
4.2.5.4 Tnh h s thm ca t theo cng thc 3:
Qc H

Kth = F
H0 Hk H

trong :
Kth l h s thm ca t, cm/s;
Qc l lu lng thm n nh, cm3/s;

(3)

F l din tch tit din thm, F =

3,14 D 2
, cm2;
4

vi: D l ng knh trong ca vng chn nh, cm.

H0 l chiu cao ct nc th nghim trong vng chn, lun khng i, bng 10 cm;
H l chiu su nc thm vo t sau khi kt thc th nghim, c xc nh theo 4.2.5.3, cm;
Hk l p lc mao dn, ty thuc vo loi t c xc nh h s thm, c ly gn ng theo bng A.4
Ph lc A, tnh bng cm ct nc.
4.2.6 Bo co kt qu th nghim
Bo co kt qu th nghim gm cc thng tin nh nu trong 4.1.6.
5. Th nghim nc trong h khoan
5.1 Phm vi p dng
Theo iu 1 ca tiu chun ny, vi t c mt lp nm su hn 1,5 m.
5.2 Yu cu k thut
5.2.1 Th nghim nc trong h khoan c tin hnh trong qu trnh khoan cc h khoan thm d,
theo quy nh ti 3.1 v 3.3 iu 3.
5.2.2 H khoan th nghim nc phi c ng knh (D) ph hp vi thnh phn ht ca t c
nghin cu, c p dng sau:
- i vi t ht mn v t ct khng cha hoc c cha sn si ht nh (ht c t 2 mm n 5 mm); D
khng nh hn 100 mm.
- i vi t c cha sn si ht trung (ht c t 5 mm n 20 mm); D khng nh hn 150 mm.
- i vi t c cha sn si ht to (ht c t 20 mm n 60 mm); D khng nh hn 250 mm.
5.2.3 Khi khoan h khoan th nghim nc, cn p dng phng php khoan ph hp vi loi t;
khoan su tng hip khng qu 1 m v xem xt, m t y cc c im v thnh phn, trng thi,
kt cu ca t, ly mu i din ca cc lp t m bo cht lng yu cu cho vic th nghim cc
c trng c l ca t trong phng th nghim.
Khi khoan trong t km n nh, khoan su n u phi h ng chng vch n ; tuyt i khng
c dng dung dch st gia c thnh vch h.
5.2.4 Cn phi vt sch mn khoan y h khoan, ri o chnh xc chiu su h khoan v quyt nh
chiu di on th nghim nc.
5.2.5 on th nghim nc phi nm trong phm vi lp t c xc nh h s thm, v vi chiu
di khng nn vt qu 5 m. Phi t ng lc trong on th nghim nc; ng lc phi c ng
knh ph hp vi ng knh h khoan v c kh nng thm nc ln hn so vi tnh thm ca t
c nghin cu. Trc khi t ng lc, nn cho vo y h mt lp si sn c ht t 2 mm n 10 mm,
dy t 2 cm n 3 cm chng xi cho y h v phi t ng chng vch cho phn h khoan bn
trn on th nghim. Khi th nghim nc, cn khng ch mc nc cao nht khng c vt qu
chiu cao ng lc.
5.2.6 Trc khi th nghim, phi ra on h khoan th nghim bng cch t ng dn nc vo trong
ng lc cho ti gn st y (ming ng c li tn nc), ri nc vo cho n nh ng lc; sau ,
dng bm ht nc ra, tin hnh nh vy t 3 ln n 4 ln.
5.2.7 Th nghim nc trong h khoan, c tin hnh theo hai phng php: phng php ct
nc khng i v phng php ct nc thay i, ty thuc vo iu kin p dng c th.
5.3 Th nghim nc trong h khoan theo phng php ct nc khng i - phng php
ca V.M.Naxberg (phng php ch nh)

5.3.1 iu kin p dng

nc th nghim c tin hnh trong 1 on ca h khoan c y nm cao hn mc nc ngm
hoc nm cao hn mi ca tng cch nc (hoc tng c xem nh khng thm nc) vi cc iu
kin sau: (xem s th nghim ti Hnh C.2 Ph lc C)
a/ y h on nc nm cao hn mc nc ngm hoc cao hn mi ca tng cch nc mt
khong (T) ln hn hoc bng chiu cao ct nc (H) trong on nc (ngha l T > H);
b/ Chiu cao ct nc th nghim (H) nm trong phm vi chiu di on nc (L) (ngha l H < L);
c/ T s gia ct nc (H) v bn knh h khoan on nc (r) nm trong khong 50

H
200.
r

CH THCH:
1) T iu kin c, c th lu rng ng knh h khoan D (mm) th nghim nc cn ph hp
vi chiu cao ct nc th nghim H (m) v c chn nh sau:
+ Chiu cao ct nc th nghim H 5 m, h khoan cn c ng knh: 50 mm < D < 200 mm;
+ Chiu cao ct nc th nghim 5 m H 10 m, h khoan cn c ng knh: 100 mm < D < 400 mm;
2) Khi tin hnh nc th nghim ti on c su ln, cn s dng thit b chuyn dng thch hp
khng ch chiu cao ct nc (H) trong h khoan lun khng i.
5.3.2 Nguyn tc
nc vo on th nghim trong h khoan, vi lu lng ph hp khng ch chiu cao ct nc
(H) trong on lun khng i trong sut thi gian th nghim; tin hnh nc cho n khi nhn
c lu lng thm n nh Qc. T gi tr Qc tnh ton h s thm Kth ca t da trn c s l thuyt
chuyn ng thm n nh ca nc tun theo nh lut Darcy.
5.3.3 Thit b, dng c th nghim
5.3.3.1 Thit b khoan t m bo yu cu k thut nu ti 5.2.3 v ng ly mu t, ng chng vch
ph hp vi ng knh h khoan;
5.3.3.2 ng lc c ng knh ph hp vi ng knh l khoan v chiu di bng chiu cao on
nc, ng thi phi c kh nng thm nc tt hn so vi kh nng thm nc ca t th nghim,
nhng c th ngn chn cc ht mn chui qua theo nc.
5.3.3.3 Thit b cp nc, cn c t nht hai thng o nh chun nh nhau, c ng knh trong 56,5
mm (tng ng c tit din ngang l 0,25 m2), chiu cao 800 mm; hoc hai thng loi to, c ng knh
trong l 1129 mm (tng ng c tit din ngang l 1,0 m2), chiu cao 1,0 m. Cc thng nh chun c
lin kt cht vi nhau bng cc ai thp cng. Thng o nh chun c ch to bng thp, c dng tr
trn thng ng, khng c li lm; ti v tr gn y thng c 2 ng thng ra ngoi; trong , mt ng
c ni vi ng o bng thy tinh c gn trn bng thang o chia vch tng mm, t thng ng v
c nh vi thnh thng o, o lng nc trong thng tng ng vi tng vch o; ng th hai ca
thng c kt ni vi mt nhnh ca van ba nhnh; mt nhnh ca van ny c kt ni vi ng ra ca
thng cp nc th hai lun phin cp nc, nhnh th ba ca van ba nhnh kt ni vi ng dn
nc ra cp nc vo on th nghim, ng ny lin kt vi dng c chuyn mn t ng iu chnh
mc nc khng i trong h khoan trong qu trnh nc (xem s nguyn l kiu phao ni, c
s ha Hnh B.2 Ph lc B).
CH THCH: Trc khi s dng thit b cp nc, phi hiu chun lng nc ng vi tng vch trn
thang o ca tng thng o nh chun v lp biu quan h gia s o thang o v lng nc ca
thng, tin s dng trong th nghim.
5.3.3.4 Dng c o mc nc trong h khoan, n gin v sn c l dng c o mc nc bng in
(xem s ha Hnh B.2 Ph lc B).
5.3.3.5 Nc dng th nghim, m bo yu cu quy nh ti 3.2.

5.3.3.6 ng h bm giy, ng h ch gi, my bm nc cng sut nh (t 1 m 3/h n 2 m3/h); nhit

k v cc dng c thng thng khc.
5.3.4 Cc bc tin hnh
5.3.4.1 Thu thp v tham kho ti liu lt ct a cht cc h khoan c ln cn v tr th nghim,
thit k h khoan v on nc th nghim trong lp t cn nghin cu sao cho ph hp vi quy
nh trong 5.2.2 v 5.3.1.
5.3.4.2 Xc nh cao v ta ming h khoan th nghim nc.
5.3.4.3 Khoan h n su thit k, vic khoan phi m bo yu cu k thut theo 5.2.3.
5.3.4.4 Vt sch mn khoan y h, o chnh xc chiu su h khoan, ri n nh chiu di on
nc L (k t y h); nn ly L bng hoc nh hn 5 m.
5.3.4.5 vo y h mt lp dy khong 3 cm si sn ht c 2 mm n 10 mm. Sau , t ng lc
vo on th nghim nc v t ng chng vch cho phn h khoan bn trn. Nu trong qu trnh
khoan h ng chng vch n y h, th sau khi t ng lc, rt ng chng ln cho n khi chn ng
gn ngang vi nh ng lc, tho b phn ng chng cao qu ming h.
5.3.4.6 Tin hnh ra h khoan theo 5.2.6.
5.3.4.7 Lp t dng c o mc nc bng in vo h khoan, m bo giy o dui thng v nh u
o ngang vi chiu cao ct nc th nghim khng i (H) c n nh trong on nc;
5.3.4.8 Lp t thit b cp nc th nghim c gn b phn t ng iu chnh mc nc (c m t
ti 5.3.2.3): kha van ng dn, ri t thng ng cc thng o nh chun cha y nc ln gi
c v tr thun tin cp nc vo h khoan; lp t dng c t ng iu chnh mc nc trong
h khoan v kt ni vi ming ng dn nc ra t thng o nh chun.
5.3.4.9 Dng nc t thng d tr vo h khoan: t ng dn cho gn ti y h khoan, khng ch
lu lng nc vo sao cho tc dng nc va phi (khng qu 1,5 cm/min) lm bo ha t
vng thm v cho kh trong t c thot ra t do. Theo ch bo ca thit b o mc nc khi mc
nc trong h khoan dng n chiu cao ct nc H th ct ngun cp nc ny, ko ng dn nc
ln khi h. Chnh van 3 nhnh dng nc ca mt thng (kha kn thng kia); iu chnh van ng
cp nc sao cho c ct nc th nghim (H) lun khng i.
5.3.4.10 Quan trc thm
Thi gian bt u quan trc (ngy, gi, pht, giy), c v ghi s o mc nc trn thang o ca thng
cp nc. Sau , thng xuyn theo di, m bo cp nc lin tc vo h khoan v ct nc p lc
(H) lun khng ch khng i. Theo nh k 10 min/ln o n 20 min/ln o, ty theo nc tiu tn do
thm nhanh hay chm (nhiu hay t), c v ghi li s o mc nc trn thang o ca thng cp nc.
Trong qu trnh th nghim, cn tnh ton lu lng thm Q (m 3/ng.) ca tng khong thi gian gia hai
ln o lin tip t1 n t2 theo cng thc 4:
Q=

v1 v 2
t1 t 2

(4)

trong :
V1 v V2 l lng nc ca thng cp nc cc thi im o tng ng t 1 v t2, c xc nh trn
biu quan h gia s o trn thang o v lng nc ca thng cp nc, (m 3);
t1 - t2 l khong thi gian gia hai ln c s o lin tip trn thang o mc nc ca thng cp nc,
(ngy m);
Tin hnh th nghim cho n khi lu lng thm t n n nh th dng.
CH THCH: Trong qu trnh th nghim, nu nc trong thng ang dng gn cn, th vn van 3 nhnh
i chiu kha thng ny v cho nc ca thng th hai thng vi ng dn m bo cp nc lin
tc vo h khoan; c th y nc vo thng th nht d phng cho th nghim lin tc.

5.3.4.11 Kt thc th nghim, thu dn thit b dng c v rt ng lc, ng chng ln khi h, ri lp h

khoan theo quy nh ti 3.3.
5.3.5 Chnh l s liu v tnh kt qu
5.3.5.1 Lp lt ct a cht h khoan th nghim i nc theo ti liu khoan.
5.3.5.2 Kim tra tr s lu lng thm xc nh c trong qu trnh th nghim; lp biu quan h
gia lu lng thm (Q) v thi gian (t), xc nh tr s lu lng thm n nh (Q c).
5.3.5.3 Tnh h s thm ca t theo cng thc 5:
Kth = 0,423

Qc
h

log

2H
r

(5)

trong :
Kth l h s thm ca t, m/ng. (mt/ngy m);
Qc l lu lng thm n nh, m3/ng.;
H l chiu cao ct nc th nghim khng i, m;
r l bn knh h khoan th nghim, m;
5.3.5 Bo co kt qu th nghim
Bo co kt qu th nghim gm cc thng tin sau:
- Tn cng trnh, hng mc cng trnh:.......................................................
- n v th nghim v ngi ph trch:.....................................................
- Thi gian th nghim: bt u, ngygi; kt thc, ngygi.;
- V tr v s hiu khoan th nghim nc; cao, ta ming h; chiu su h khoan; ng knh h
khoan;
- K thut khoan;
- Chiu di on th nghim nc, L (m);
- ng chng vch s dng (ng knh, chiu di), m;
- ng lc s dng (ng knh, chiu di, (m), kh nng thm nc);
- Thit b dng cp nc th nghim v dng c chuyn mn khng ch ct nc H khng i;
- Dng c o mc nc s dng;
- H s thm ca t, Kth (m/ng.);
- Cc thng tin khc c lin quan;
- Km theo bo co c lt ct a cht h khoan v s th nghim nc.
5.4 Th nghim nc trong h khoan theo phng php ct nc thay i - phng php ca
G.l.Barenblat v B.l.Sextacop (phng php ch nh).
5.4.1 Nguyn tc
Tin hnh nc th nghim trong on h khoan c y nm trc tip trn tng cch nc nm
ngang; cho tng t thuc i khng kh, khng bo ha v tng i ng cht v phng din thm.
Trong qu trnh nc vo on th nghim, lu lng nc vo h khoan c khng ch khng
i v vi tr s ph hp sao cho mc nc trong h khoan dng cao vi tc trong khong 0,6 cm/min
n 0,8 cm/min. Tin hnh o chiu cao mc nc trong on th nghim ng vi cc thi gian khc
nhau cho n khi mc nc dng cao n khong 4/5 chiu cao on th nghim th dng. Tnh ton h

s thm ca t theo ti liu nc th nghim vi lu lng khng i, da trn c s l thuyt vn

ng ca dng thm khng n nh theo nh lut Darcy (xem Hnh C.3 Ph lc C).
5.4.2 Thit b, dng c
Thit b khoan (b khoan tay hoc my khoan), ng ly mu t, ng chng, ng lc, thit b cp nc l
thng o nh chun v cc dng c khc nh c nu trong 5.3.2 (t 5.3.3.1 n 5.3.3.6).
5.4.3 Cc bc tin hnh
5.4.3.1 San bng b mt v tr khoan h th nghim, xc nh cao v ta ming h.
5.4.3.2 Khoan h th nghim nc su n tng cch nc nm ngang, m bo k thut khoan
theo yu cu iu 5.2.3. Vt sch mn khoan y h, ri o chnh xc chiu su h khoan. Nn
khoan mt h khoan quan st nm cch h khoan nc mt qung khng qu mt na chiu cao d
kin ln nht ca ct nc th nghim trong h nc, v cng khoan n tng cch nc. o chnh
xc chiu su h khoan nc v h khoan quan st.
5.4.3.3 Da vo c im thnh phn v cu trc t, d on tnh thm ca t m quyt nh chiu di
on th nghim nc (h) ph hp vi quy nh iu 5.2.5.
5.4.3.4 Dng ng lc ph hp (theo iu 5.3.3.2) t vo on th nghim nc (H) v t ng chng
vch vo on h khoan phn bn trn v cng nh vy, t ng lc v ng chng vo h khoan quan
st.
5.4.3.5 Tin hnh ra on h khoan nc th nghim, theo quy nh c nu trong 5.2.6, sau ,
tin hnh theo 5.4.3.6;
5.4.3.6 Lp t dng c o mc nc bng in (c nu ti 5.3.3.4) vo h khoan, cho mt u giy
tip xc vi ng lc, cn u o ch th vo h khoan khi cn o mc nc.
5.4.3.7 Lp t thit b cp nc (cc thng o nh chun nu ti 5.3.3.3) vo v tr thun tin cp nc
vo on th nghim: kha van ng dn, ri t thng ng cc thng o nh chun ln b mt nm
ngang v tr thun tin cp nc vo h khoan. t u ng dn ti gn n y ng lc (u ng dn
nn c li tn nc).
5.4.3.8 Chnh van 3 nhnh cho nc ca mt thng thng vi ng dn s dng, ng thi l kha kn
thng kia. Sau , m van ng dn mc cho nc t thng c s dng chy vo h khoan vi tc
h thp s o trn thang o l khng i, c lu lng khng i Q c (m3/ng.), sao cho vi lu
lng th tc dng nc trong h khoan vo khong t 0,5 cm/min n 0,6 cm/min, ui khng
kh trong t ca vng thm thot ra ngoi trong qu trnh nc thm vo t.
GHI CH: Xc nh tr s Qc thch hp, bng cch d dn trong thi gian u ca th nghim
5.4.3.9 Quan trc thm: thng xuyn theo di tc h thp mc nc trn thang o ca thng cp
nc, iu chnh van ng dn nc m bo duy tr lu lng nc khng i ph hp vi tc
dng cao mc nc trong h khoan khng qu 0,6 cm/min. Theo nh k 10min/ln n 20 min/ln o,
c s o trn thang o ca thng cp nc v ng thi o chiu cao mc nc trong h khoan
nc v h khoan quan st, ghi thi im o v cc s liu o c vo s th nghim. Tip tc quan
trc cho n khi chiu cao mc nc trong h nc dng ln n khong 4/5 chiu cao ng lc th
kt thc th nghim. Trong qu trnh quan trc, cn tnh ton lu lng nc ca tng khong thi gian
gia hai ln o lin tip.
CH THCH: Trong qu trnh th nghim, nu thng cp nc ang dng gn ht, th lp tc o
chiu van 3 nhnh kha thng ny ng thi cho nc ca thng th hai thng vi ng dn cp
nc th nghim lin tc; v c th nc vo thng th nht d phng cho th nghim tip tc.
5.4.3.10 Kt thc th nghim
Thu dn thit b cp nc, thit b o mc nc, ri rt ng lc v ng chng cc h khoan; sau ,
tin hnh lp cc h khoan theo quy nh ti iu 3.4.
5.4.4 Chnh l s liu v tnh ton kt qu

5.4.4.1 Lp lt ct a cht h khoan theo ti liu h khoan.

5.4.4.2 Tnh kim tra lu lng nc vo h trong qu trnh th nghim, Q c (m3/ng.m), phi tha
mn lu lng v c bn l khng i (khng dao ng ng k).
5.4.4.3 Tnh h s thm ca t theo cc s o h nc, theo cng thc 6:
Kth =

0,366 Qc
H22H12

log

t2
t1

(6)

trong :
Kth l h s thm ca t, m/ng.m;
Qc l lu lng nc (khng i), m3;
H1 v H2 l chiu cao mc nc trong h khoan tng ng vi thi im o l t 1 l t2 (nn ly H1 vo
khong 1/3 chiu cao ng lc k t y v khi mc nc trong h khoan quan st dng ln r rt,
cn H2 vo khong 4/5 chiu cao ng lc). H1 v H2 biu th bng mt, (m);
t1 v t2 l thi im o chiu cao mc nc H1 v H2, tnh theo ngy m hoc theo gi trong ngy, t s
t2/t1, biu th bng s thp phn; nu thi im o t 2 ko di sang ngy hm sau, th tr s t2 phi tnh
bng s gi k t thi im t1 n thi im t2 ca ngy hm sau.
CH THCH
C th tnh h s thm ca t chnh xc hn da trn l thuyt chuyn ng n nh ca nc, theo ti
liu o h khoan quan trc; khi h s thm ca t c tnh theo cng thc 6':

Qc
Kth

f 2 x

3,14 h2t

(6')

trong :
ht l chiu cao ct nc (m), trong h khoan quan trc thi im t;
x=

a
t

a=

t1 t 2 x

a1 =

t2

34a12 18,6a3 5,8a1

a2

h1 4
t 1 ; a2 =
h2

; vi

t2

h1
h

t 1 ; a3 =

h2 h1
x a2
h1

h1 v h2 l chiu cao ct nc (m), trong h khoan quan trc vo cc thi im t 1 v t2 tng ng; Khi x >
0,1 th f(x) = 2,23 - 1,39 - 0,12x;
H s thm ca t c ly bng tr trung bnh ca h s thm tnh c theo cc thng s o c ng
vi cc thi im t1 v t2 s l:
Kth =

K th( t 1 ) K th( t 2 )

(6'')

trong :
Kth(t1) =

Qc
h12

f 2 x1 , vi x1

a
t1

Kth(t1) =

Qc
h22

f 2 x 2 , vi x 2

a
t2

5.4.5 Bo co kt qu th nghim
Bo co kt qu th nghim gm cc thng tin sau:
- Tn cng trnh, hng mc cng trnh:
- n v th nghim v ngi ph trch:
- Thi gian th nghim: bt u, ngygi; kt thc, ngygi.;
- V tr v s hiu h khoan; cao, ta ming h; chiu su h khoan; ng knh h khoan;
- K thut khoan;
- Chiu di on th nghim v ng lc s dng; ng chng vch phn trn.
- Thit b cp nc s dng.
- Dng c o mc nc trong h khoan.
- Tr s lu lng nc khng i, Qc (m3/ng.).
- H s thm ca t, Kth (m/ng.).
- Cc thng tin khc c lin quan.
- Km theo bo co c lt ct a cht h khoan v s th nghim nc, bng ghi chp th nghim.
Ph lc A
(Quy nh)
Bng A.1 - Bng ghi chp th nghim nc trong h o
a. Phn chung
- Tn cng trnh:.........................Hng mc cng trnh:..............................
- Giai on kho st:..................................................................................
- H th nghim nc s:...... V tr:......................................................
- Cao ming h:.....................m. su h o:.m. Cao y h (rn) nc:.m.
- c im t th nghim (thnh phn, kt cu, trng thi, v,v..)..........
- Phng php th nghim nc:..........................................................
- Bt u nc lc;...............Kt thc nc lc:..............................
- n v (c quan) thc hin:..... Ngi ph trch th nghim:..................
b. Cc s liu k thut ban u:
- Kiu thit b nc (cp nc).............................................................
- Kch thc cc vng chn hnh tr, bng thp:.......................................
Vng to: ng knh trong:........cm, chiu cao:..cm, tit din.(cm2).
Vng nh: ng knh trong:..cm, chiu cao:..cm, tit din:(cm 2).
- su ng vo t ca cc vng:..(cm).
- Chiu cao ct nc th nghim khng i.(cm).
c. Quan trc trong qu trnh nc

Ngy
thng
nm

Thi gian lc bt
u th nghim
Gi (h)

Pht
(min)

Thi im o
Gi (h)

Pht
(min)

Lng nc tiu hao

S c
trn thang
o ca
thng cp
nc
(vch,mm)

Lng
nc
trong
thng
(cm3)

Hiu s
lng
nc
ca hai
ln o
lin tip
(cm3)

Lu
lng
nc
trong
thi
gian hai
ln o
lin
tip, Q
(cm3/s)

Lng
nc
tiu hao
t lc
bt u
th
nghim
V (cm3)

d. Cc hnh v v th ph tr
- Lt ct a cht h th nghim nc (k c on khoan su thm sau khi nc).
- Biu quan h gia lng nc v s o trn thang o ng o ca thng o nh chun, V=f(h).
- Cc biu bin i lu lng (Q) v th tch nc tiu hao do thm (V) theo thi gian (t): Q= f(t) v V
= f(t).
- Biu bin i m ca t di y h theo chiu su sau khi nc.
Bng A.2 - Bng ghi chp th nghim nc trong h khoan theo phng php ca V.M.Naxberg
- Tn cng trnh:.........................Hng mc cng trnh:..............................
- Giai on kho st:..................................................................................
- H th nghim nc s:...... V tr:......................................................
- Cao ming h:.....................(m). su h khoan:.m. ng knh h khoan::.(m);
- Chiu di on th nghim nc (k t y h), L (m)........................
- ng chng vch phn h khoan bn trn on nc:
+ ng knh:(m); + chiu di:(m);
- Khong cch t y h khoan n mc nc ngm (nu c):................(m)
- c im t th nghim (thnh phn, kt cu, trng thi)..................
- Phng php th nghim:........................................................................
- Kiu thit b cp nc v b phn t ng iu chnh mc nc:..........
- Kiu thit b o mc nc trong h khoan:..............................................
- Th nghim bt u lc:; Kt thc lc:.............................
Quan trc khi nc vi ct nc khng i, H = .(m)
Ngy
thng
nm

Thi gian lc bt
u th nghim
Gi (h)

Pht
(min)

Thi im o
Gi (h)

Pht
(min)

Lng nc tiu hao

S c
trn
thang
o ca

Lng
nc
trong
thng

Hiu s
lng
nc
ca hai

Lu
lng
nc
trong
thi gian
hai ln
o lin

Lng
nc
tiu hao
t lc
bt u
th
nghim

thng
cp
nc
(mm)

(m3)

ln o
lin tip
(m3)

tip, Q
(m3/ng.)

V (m3)

10

Ngi th nghim

Ngi kim tra

Bng A.3 - Bng ghi chp th nghim nc trong h khoan theo phng php ca
G.l.Barenblat v B.l.Sextacop
- Tn cng trnh:.........................; Hng mc cng trnh:............................
- H th nghim nc s:...... V tr:......................................................
- Cao ming h:.....................(m). su h khoan (n tng cch nc):.(m).
- ng knh h khoan::.(m); Chiu di on nc (k t y h:.(m);
- ng lc t vo on nc (chiu di:m), ng knh:(m);
- Cc thng s k thut khc:..
- ng chng vch phn h khoan bn trn on nc: ng knh:, chiu di:(m);
- Khong cch gia h khoan quan st v h nc:.(m), cao ming h: (m);
su khoan:(m); ng knh:..(m); cc thng s k thut khc.
- c im t th nghim (thnh phn, kt cu, trng thi)..................
- Phng php th nghim:........................................................................
- Kiu thit b cp:.......................................................................................
- Kiu thit b o mc nc trong h khoan:..............................................
- Thi gian th nghim: bt u lc:; Kt thc lc:.............
Quan trc khi nc vi ct nc khng i, Qc = .(m3/ng.)
Ngy
thng
nm

Thi gian
lc bt u
th nghim

Thi im
o

Lng nc tiu hao

Gi
(h)

Pht
(min)

Gi
(h)

Pht
(min)

S
c
trn
thang
o
mc
nc

Lng
nc
trong
thng
(m3)

Lng
nc
tiu tn
trong
thi
on
(m3/ng.)

Chiu su n
mc nc

Chiu cao ct
nc trn
tng cch
nc

Lu
lng
trong
thi
on
(m)

Trong
h
khoan

nc
(m)

Trong
h
khoan
quan
st
(m)

Trong
h
khoan

nc
(m)

Trong
h
khoan
quan
st
(m)

10

11

12

13

Ngi th nghim

Ngi kim tra

Bng A.4 -Bng tra cu tr s p lc mao dn ca t

Loi t

p lc mao dn Hk (cm ct nc)

t st, t st pha bi

100,0

t st pha ct

80,0

t bi

60,0

t bi pha ct

40,0

t ct ht nh - ht mn pha st

30,0

Ct ht nh - ht mn

20,0

Ct ht va

10,0

Ct ht to

5,0
Ph lc B
(Tham kho)

Dng c, thit b th nghim xc nh thm nc ca t

CH DN:
1. Van 3 chiu
2. Van iu chnh lu lng
3. Thang o nc bng thy tinh
4. Thc o
5. Quai lin kt
6. Vm m ng o
7. ai c lin kt

Hnh B.1 - Thit b cp nc - cc thng o nh chun

CH DN:
1. Phao rng
2. Van hnh nn ng tm
3. ng cng tip nc
4. ng mm ni vi thng ly nc
5. Gi

Hnh B.2 - Thit b t ng iu chnh mc nc bng phao dng trong th nghim

nc trong h o theo phng php A.K.Bnrep
CH DN:
1. B pin
2. Mili ame k
3. ng
4. u tip xc (u o)

Hnh B.3 - S dng c mc nc bng in

Ph lc C
(Tham kho)
S th nghim xc nh thm nc ca t

Hnh C.1 - S th nghim nc trong h o theo phng php Netxterop

CH DN:
1. Mng hng nc chy vo h khoan
2. Vt i trng ca phao
3. Gi thng nc
4. Thng ng nc
5. B phn iu chnh lu lng
6. Phao
7. ng chng
8. ng lc

Hnh C.2 - S th nghim nc trong h khoan theo phng php ct nc

khng i - Phng php Naxberg

Hnh C.3 - S th nghim nc trong h khoan theo phng php ct nc thay i phng php Barenblat v Sextacp
MC LC
Li ni u
TCVN 8731:2012 t xy dng cng trnh thy li - Phng php xc nh thm nc ca t bng
th nghim nc trong h o v trong h khoan ti hin trng.
1 Phm vi p dng
2 Thut ng, nh ngha, k hiu v n v o

3 Quy nh chung
4 Th nghim nc trong h o theo phng php ct nc khng i
4.1 Phng php ca A.K.Bnrep (phng php ch nh)
4.2 Phng php th nghim ca N.X.Netxterp (phng php ch nh)
5. Th nghim nc trong h khoan
5.1 Phm vi p dng
5.2 Yu cu k thut
5.3 Th nghim nc trong h khoan theo phng php ct nc khng i - phng php ca
V.M.Naxberg (phng php ch nh)
5.4 Th nghim nc trong h khoan theo phng php ct nc thay i - phng php ca
G.l.Barenblat v B.l.Sextacop (phng php ch nh)
Ph lc A
Ph lc B
Ph lc C