Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1, February 2012
interpolation,
look-up-table,
color
I. INTRODUCTION
In the printing or textile industry, the main goal of color
reproduction is achieving the vision consistence between
original and reproduced products. However, the color
devices used in the workflow have different color-mixing
models and color gamuts, which makes that goal hard to
accomplished[1]. For example, the scanner or monitor uses
the additive primary colors RGB, while the printers use
subtractive CMYK colors which often have smaller color
gamut than RGB devices. Whats more, even the same values
are sent to two different devices, the resulting colors are
usually quite different[2], thats why some color images
printed on papers or clothes look different as shown on the
monitor screen. To get the consistence between different
color devices, a profile connection space(PCS) is introduces
by International Color Consortium (ICC)[3]. Using the PCS
space, all the devices color space are converted into PCS
values, and then the PCS values are transformed to other
devices color space, thus the two colors may look consistent
as long as the precision of color conversion is guaranteed.
Now there are mainly three models used in color
conversions, 3D interpolation, polynomial regression and
neural network. Because the 3D interpolation method often
takes up least time and gets acceptable result, now it is used
Manuscript received October 19, 2011; revised October 31, 2011. This
work was supported in part by research foundation of Department of
Education of Shanxi province (No11JK0541) and Youth Foundation of
Xian University of Technology (No.104-211009)F.
Authors are with Xian University of Technology, China (email:
sunbangyong@xaut.edu.cn).
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IACSIT International Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 4, No. 1, February 2012
p 000 ( x m , y m , z m ), p 010 ( x m , y M , z m ),
p100 ( x M , y m , z m ), p110 ( x M , y M , z m )
p 001 ( x m , y m , z M ), p 011 ( x m , y M , z M ),
(1)
T1 : x > y > z
T4 : y > x > z
p101 ( x M , y m , z M ), p111 ( x M , y M , z M )
where m and M is used to describe the XYZ
values
according its position, so it is obviously: xm< xM; ym< yM and
zM<zM . Thus for a given point p with coordinate (x,y,z), its
corresponding function values f(p) can be determined as:
f ( p) = c0 + c1x + c2y + c3z + c4xy + c5xz
+ c6yz + c7 xyz
y = ( y y m ) /( y M y m );
f ( p) = f ( p 0 ) * (V 0 / V ) + f ( p1 ) * (V1 / V ) + f ( p 2 ) * (V 2 / V ) +
(2)
(6)
(3)
C. Prism Interpolation
The prism interpolation[8] in Fig.4 is a six-point prismatic
extraction from the cubical packing, and it is a symmetrical
structure. As defined in equation.3, for point p inside the
cube, if x > y , it is contained by Prism1, and the value
of f(p) can be expressed as:
(5)
f ( p 3 ) * (V3 / V )
z = ( z z m ) /( z M z m )
c 2 = f ( p 010 ) f ( p 000 );
T3 : z > x > y
T6 : z > y > x
T2 : x > z > y
T5 : y > z > x
(4)
(7)
(8)
B. Tetrahedral Interpolation
The tetrahedral interpolation[7] slices a cube into six
tetrahedrons, and each tetrahedron has four flat triangle
surfaces. Actually there are many ways to divide a cube into
tetrahedrons, one of the way used in this paper is shown in
Fig.2.
D. Pyramid Interpolation
As shown in Fig.5, a cube can be divided into 3 pyramids,
and the function f(p) can be determined similar to the prism
interpolation. Firstly the number of prism which contains the
point p should be determined, and the next task is to compute
the value of f(p). Kang[9] lists the conditions and coefficients
of pyramid interpolation:
test
c1
y > x, z > x
p111 p 011
pyramid
1
c2
c3
c4
p 010 p 000
p 001 p 000
x > y, z > y
p100 p 000
p111 p101
p 001 p 000
x > z, y > z
p100 p 000
p 010 p 000
p111 p110
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IACSIT International Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 4, No. 1, February 2012
BP network
Regression
1.9001
1.6410
12.2824
6.5535
3.6353
3.0549
83.2030
0.5000
Trilinear
Tetrahedron
Pyramid
Prism
1.2182
1.2045
1.2002
1.1547
6.2040
10.6243
10.1702
9.1992
1.8727
2.4860
2.4303
1.9259
0.3440
0.4850
0.2810
0.2820
III. EXPERIMENT
IV. CONCLUSIONS
(10)
where L*1 a1*b1* is the measure L*a*b* value, and L*2 a 2* b2* is the
computed L*a*b* value.
To compare the calibration result of different method, not
only the above four 3D interpolation models but also the
polynomial regression method and BP neural network are
tested in the experiment. The selected polynomials consist of
20 coefficients, and the highest order of polynomial is 3rd,
which is expressed as:
p 3 ( x, y, z ) = 0 + 1 x + 2 y + 3 z + 4 xy + 5 yz + 6 zx +
7 xyz + 8 x 2 + 9 y 2 + 10 z 2 + 11 x 2 y + 12 x 2 z + 13 y 2 x +
(11)
14 y 2 z + 15 z 2 x + 16 z 2 y + 17 x 3 + 18 y 3 + 19 z 3
IACSIT International Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 4, No. 1, February 2012
[5]
clearly.
(4) One condition for all color conversion methods must be
fulfilled: the sampling data should distribute around all of the
device spaces. For the interpolation method, the sampling
data should have a regular structure, and more data will
improve the precision. While for the other methods, more
redundant data sometime bring in errors during calculating
coefficients.
From the analysis above, we can find the reason of why the
3D interpolation method is used most widely in color
management and image processing. In this paper, the
regression method and neural network method are compared
with the interpolation method, and we find the interpolation
method is precise and time-saving. Whats more, in the test of
four kinds of interpolation models, the prism interpolation
has the best performance which indicates that we can choose
this model during color conversion.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This work is supported by "13115"creative foundation of
science and technology, Shanxi province of china
(No2009ZDGC-06).
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
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