ចម្លើយលំហាត់ប្រតិបត្តិថ្នាក់ទី 7 8 9 PDF

8
www.facebook.com/7khmer
fb : Entertainment And Knowledge
-TMBrTI 13 KNna
emeronTI 1 cMnYnKt;
12 2 34 2 12 34 408
-TMBrTI 2
kMNt;Epknbnat;cnM Yn EdlmancMNuctagcMnnY Kt;tUc
Cag 19 ehIyFMCag 8 KW
8
10
11 12 13
216 3 6 3
6 3
3
1000
10 5
10
emeronTI 2 tYEcknigBhuKuN
14 15 16 17 18 19
-TMBrTI 16 bMeBjelxkg RbGb;
cMnYnEdltUcCag 19 KWenAxageqVgcab;BIelx 18 nig

cMnYnEdlFMCag 8 KWenAxagsaM cab;BIelx 9 mksaM
dUcenHvaCaEpknbnat;cMnYnEdlcMnYnTaMgenaHrYmman
9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 .
-TMBrTI 3 cUrrk
k> cMnYnKt;ess n Edl 84 n 99 rYmman
85 , 87 , 89 , 91 , 93 , 95 , 97 .
x> cMnYnKt;KU n Edl 72 n 90 rYmman
74 , 76 , 78 , 80 , 82 , 84 , 86 , 88 , 90
.
-TMBrTI 4 KNnaplbUk nigpldkxageRkam
k> 46382 6948 164968 1896 220194
x> 1712366 492135 54201 1166030
-TMBrTI 6 eFVpI lEck nigplKuNxageRkam
k> 669292 122 5486
x> 7769 324 189 475742484
-TMBrTI 9 rkcMnYnEpRkUcsrub
cMnYnRkUckgeksFMKW 98 3 294 Ep
cMnYnRkUckgekstUcKW 24 2 48 Ep
cMnYnEpRkUcsrubKW 294 48 342 Ep .
-TMBrTI 11 bgt;cMnnY xageRkamRtwmxg;db; xgr; y xg;Ban;
bgtR; twm k 7663692 x 996972 K 3500004
xg;db; 7663690 996970 3500000
xg;ry 7663700 997000 3500000
xg;Ban; 7664000 997000 3500000
cMnYnEdlRtUvbMeBjkg RbGb;KWelx 0 eRBaHcMnYnEdlEck

dac;nwg 2 pg nig 5 pg KWcMnYnmanelx 0 enAxagcug .
0 .
dUcenH cMnYnenaHKW 154
-TMBrTI 16 bMeBjelxkg RbGb; 7 8
cMnYnEdlRtUvbMeBjkg RbGb;KWelx 3 eRBaHedIm,I[vaEck
dac;ngw 3 pg nig 9 pg luHRtaEtplbUkEckdac;nwg 9 .

dUcenH eyIg)ancMnYnenaHKW 7 3 8 .
-TMBrTI 17 bMeBjelxkg RbGb; 734 0 edIm,I[
k> Eckdac;nwg 4 elxEdlRtUvbMeBjkgRbGb;KWelx
0 , 2 , 4 , 6 , 8 eRBaHcMnYnEdlEckdac;nwg 4 luHRta
elxBIrxg;xagcugrbs;vaEckdac;nwg 4 .
x>Eckdac;nwg 8 elxEdlRtUvbMeBjkgRbGb;KWelx
0 , 4 , 8 eRBaHvaeFV[
I elxbIxgx; agcugEckdac;ngw 8 .
-TMBrTI 18 bMeBjelxkg RbGb;edIm,I[ plbUk nigpl
dkEckdac;ngw 9
k> 3 6 0 16 2 eRBaHebIcnM YnnImYyEckdac;nwg 9
enaHplbUkrbs;vakEckdac;ngw 9 Edr .
5 2
7 0 eRBaHebIcnM YnnImYyEckdac;nwg 9
x> 40
enaHpldkrbs;vakEckdac;nwg 9 Edr .
-TMBrTI 19
k> eKmancMnYn 26 , 30 , 48 , 66 , 106 cMnYnEdl
CaBhuKuNn 6 KW 30 , 48 , 66 eRBaHcMnYnTaMgenH
Eckdac;nwg 6 enaHmannyfavaCaBhuKuNn 6 .
1
154
x> rkRKb;tEY ckncMnYndUcxageRkam

-TMBrTI 27 KNnatmdac;xatncMnYn
-tYEckn 15 KW 1 , 3 , 5 nig 15 .
7 7
34 34 .
5 5
-tYEckn 24 KW 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 12 nig 24 .
-TMBrTI 28 sresrcMnYnKt;rWuLaTIb 10 , 20 , 3 ,
-tYEckn 68 KW 1 , 2 , 4 , 17 , 34 nig 68 .
7 , 1 , 40 , 9 , 4 , 0 , 2
-tYEckn 120 KW 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 8 , 10 , 12 , k> tamlMdab;eLIgKW mineRbIsBaa kRtUvEdr
15 , 20 , 24 , 30 , 40 , 60 nig 120 .
40 20 10 1 0 2 3 4 7 9 .
-TMBrTI 19 cMnnY bzmEdltUcCag 50 rYmman
x> tamlMdab;cHu KW
2 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 11 , 13 , 17 , 19 , 23 , 29 , 31 , 37 ,
9 , 7 , 4 , 3 , 2 , 0 , 1 , 10 , 20 , 40 .
41 , 43 nig 47 eRBaHcMnnY TaMgenHmantYEckEtBIrKW
-TMBrTI 28 bMeBjcMnYnkgRbGb;
elx 1 nigxng .
k> 15 15 bGacbMeBjelx 15 k)an
-TMBrTI 20 bMEbkcMnnY 66 nig 273 CaplKuNkta
x> 8 8 bGacbMeBjelx 8 k)an .
bzmenaHeyIg)an
-TMBrTI 29 enAelIbnat;cMnYnEdlmanKl; o
-cMeBaH 66 2 311
k> edAcMNuc A 3 , B1 , C4 nig D2
-cMeBaH 273 3 7 11 .
C
A
B
D
-TMBrTI 22 rkcMnnY sisS
3 4
5 6
1 2
5 4 3 2 1 0
esovePA 24 k,al nigexAd 36 edIm Eck[sisSesI
x> KNnaRbEvg AB nig BD eK)an
KaGs;Kansl; mannyfa 24 nig 36 Eckdac;nwgcMnYn AB OA OB 3 1 3 1 2 ktaRbEvg
sisS naM[cMnYnsisSCatYEckn 24 nig 36 .
BD BO OD 1 2 1 2 3 ktaRbEvg
eKseRmccitE ck[cMnYnsisSeRcInbMput enaHnaM[ cMnYn -TMBrTI 31 bMeBjcenaHxageRkam
CatYEckrYmFMbMputn 24 nig 36 eK)an
k> 10 .....4 14
PGCD24 , 36 2 3 12 eRBaH
x> .....7 3 4 GacbMeBjelx 7 k)an
24 2 3 ehIy 36 2 3
3 5 .
K> 8 .....
dUcenH eKGac[)ansisScMnYn 12 nak; .
-TMBrTI 33 KNnapldkxageRkam
-TMBrTI 23 RbFanlMhat;minRbRktI b manbBaa . k> 12 3 cemyI KW 12 3 15
x> 5 4 8 cemIyKW 5 4 8 1
emeronTI 3 cMnYnKt;ruWLaTIb
K> 25 12 5 cemIyKW 25 12 5 18 .
-TMBrTI 26 kg cMeNamcMnnY 0.4 , 12 , 5 , 1.2 , 9 , -TMBrTI 34 KNnaplKuNncMnYnxageRkam
k> 203 60
1 , 0 , 3 , 5 nig 46 cMnYnEdlCa
x> 6 6 36
-cMnYnKt;rLuW aTIbviCmanKW 3 , 5 nig 46
K> 5 0 0
-cMnYnKt;rLuW aTIbGviCmanKW 5 , 9 nig 1 .
X> 63 42 144 .
2
2
-TMBrTI 35
k> KNnaplEck
40416
40416
96
165 256
421
2729 583 2146
74
29
29
-TMBrTI 43 sRmYlRbPaK
18 3 6 3
eRBaH PGCD18 , 30 6
30 5 6 5
b 96
19 119 1
57
3 19
3
10 10 2 5 2
15 15 3 5 3
eRBaH PGCD19 , 57 19
nig
b 74 .
x> bMeBjcenaH
42
......
40
ni
g
7
4
10
.....
6
-TMBrTI 36 KNnakenSamelxxageRkam
k> 13 4 7 13 7 4 20 4 16
x> 13 4 7 13 11 2
K> 12 5 8 12 8 5 20 5 25
X> 12 5 8 12 8 5 20 5 25 .
k> 5 3 2 15 2 30
x> 5 3 2 15 2 30 30
K> 1000 100 10 10 10 1
X> 40 40 10 40 4 10 .
k> 2 35 4 6 5 2 2 27 6 10 41
x> 4 4 44 4 14 54 20
K> 35 74 6 2 2810 2 280 2 140
PGCD10 ,15 5 .
-TMBrTI 45 eRbbeFobRbPaK
2 7 2
26 13 2 13
k> eyIgman 14
/
/
35 5 7 5
30 15 2 15
27 3 9 3
PPCM 5 , 15 , 5 15
45 5 9 5
14 2 3 6
26 13
35 5 3 15
30 15
27 3 3 9
6
9 13

45 5 3 15
15 15 15
14 27 26
35 45 30
eday
naM[
eday
dUcenH
.
x> eday PPCM 12 , 18 , 25 900 eK)an
11 11 75 825
12
12 75
900
17
17 50
850
18 18 50 900
9 9 36 324
25
25 36
900
850 825 324
900
900
900
17
11 9
18 12
25
eday
dUcenH
.
-TMBrTI 47 KNnakenSam
1 1 9
A eday LCM 2 , 4 , 10 20
2 4
10
emeronTI 4 RbPaK
10 5 18 3
20
20
3
5 1
B
14 8 2
12 35 28 19
56
56
-TMBrTI 43 bMeBjcMnYnkg RbGb; .

k> 72 144 ... GacmancemIyeRcIneTotrag 72aa
eday LCM 14 , 8 , 2 56
x> 2515 53 ... sBaa- enAPaKEbgk)an
.
28
bBaak; GkGacrk PPCM b LCM edayxn g .
K> 94 63
.
smal; cemyI sMNYr k nig x GacmaneRcIn RsbtameKal- GkGaceFVI[sRmayCagenHeTot)an .
karN_ ebIPaKykKuN a enaHPaKEbgKuNnwg a Edr a 0 .
3
-TMBrTI 48 KNna
x> 16.301 cMnnY TsPaKenHmantamlMdab;BIeqVgeTAsaM

-elx 1 xgd; b;mantm 110 10
-elx 6 xg;raymantm 6 1 6
-elx 3 xg;PaKdb;mantm 103 0.3
15 13 13 4

9
28 28 9
13 15 4 13 19
247

28 9
9 28 9
252
1 3
2
B 3 1 1
4 5 13
A
0
-elx 0 xg;PaKrymantm 100
0
13 8 15

6
4 5 13
1
-elx 1 xg;PaKBan;mantm 1000
0.001 .
K> 2.0397 cMnYnTsPaKenHman
-elx 0 xg;PaKdb;mantm 100 0
-TMBrTI 49 k> KNnakenSam

3 1 1 1 1
A 2 1
5 4 6 3 4
3 32 7 5

5 12 3 4
3
0.03
1 28 15 1 13

4 12 4 12
1 12 3

4 13 13
3
3
x
x2
2x
4
4
3
3 1 3
3
x 4
x
8
2 4 2 8
x> KNna eyIgdwgfa
9
0.009
7
-elx 7 xg;PaKmunW mantm 10000
0.0007 .
-TMBrTI 55 erobcMnYn mandUcxageRkam
6.245 , 5.867 , 0.045 , 3.243 , 0.127
naM[
. dUcenH
.
-TMBrTI 50 rkcMnnY TMBr esovePA
13
cinaGanesovePA)an 15
RtUvnwg 377 TMBr
erobtamlMdab;ekInKW
6.245 , 5.867 , 3.243 , 0.127 , 0.045
erobtamlMdab;cHu KW
0.045 , 0.127 , 3.243 , 5.867 , 6.245
naM[cMnYnTMBresovePATaMgGs;KW 15 13377 435 TMBr .

emeronTI 5
-TMBrTI 56 sresrRbPaKxageRkamCacMnnY TsPaK

13
k> 103 0.3
x> 100
0.13
cMnYnTsPaK
407
K> 1000
X> 13786
0.407
13.786 .
1000
-TMBrTI 57 sresrTsPaKxYbCaRbPaK
k> 0.54 tag N 0.54 0.54545454...
naM[ 100N 54.54545454... EpkxYbmanBIrxg;
-TMBrTI 55 sresrtmelxtamxg;ncMnYnTsPaK
k> 0.785 cMnYnTsPaKenHman
-elx 7 xg;PaKdb;mantm 107 0.7
100 N 54.54545454...
N 0.54545454...
99 N 54
54 6
6
N
0.54
99 11
11
8
0.08
sikSapldk
5
0.005 .
naM[
4
dUcenH
.
-
-TMBrTI 64 k> sresrPaKryCaRbPaK
x> 4.01 tag A 4.01 4.01010101...

KuN A nwg 100 eK)an 100 A 401.01010101...
15
3 5 3
100 20 5 5
32
8 4
8
32%
100 25 4 25
595 119 5 119
595%
100 20 5
20
15%
100 A 401.01010101...
A 4.0101010101...
99 A 397
397
397
A
4.01
99
99
sikSapldk
naM[
dUcenH
.
K> 0.345 tag x 0.345 0.345345345...
manEpkxYbmanelxbIxg; enaHyk x KuNnwg 1000
eK)an 1000x 345.345345345...
1000 x 345.345345345...
x 0.345345345...
999 x 345
345 115
115
x
0.345
999 333
333
sikSapldk
naM[
dUcenH
-TMBrTI 57 KNna
x> sresrPaKryCacMnYnTsPaK
73
129
73%
0.73 / 129%
1.29
100
100
0.1
/ 0.1% 100
0.001 .
-TMBrTI 65 k> sresrRbPaKCaPaKry
185%
185
1.85
100
2
0.6667 100 66.67
0.6667
66.67%
3
100
100
1 1 20 20
20%
5 5 20 100
7
0.5385 100 53.85
0.5385
53.85%
13
100
100
4.235 6.563 10.999

4.235 6.563 10.999
8.671
x> sresrcMnnY TsPaKCaPaKry
1.5 100 150

1.5
150%
-TMBrTI 60 rkR)ak;EdleKRtUvGab;[Nar:gu vij
100
100
esovePA 5 k,alf 8050.175 `
0.80 100 80
0.80
80%
100
100
naM[esovePA 15 k,alf 3 8050.175 24150.525 `
0.007 100 0.7
0.007
0.7%
R)ak;RtUvGab; 30000 24150.525 5849.475 `
100
100
dUcenH eKRtUvGab;R)ak;[Nar:ugvijcMnnY 5849.475 ` . 0.983 0.983 100 98.3 98.3%
100
100
-TMBrTI 61 bgt;cMnnY xageRkamRtwmxgP; aKBan;
k> 0.004681 0.005 bgte; LIgeRBaHxg;bnab;elx^ -TMBrTI 66 rkPaKrynmnusSEdlsab;
x> 0.000604 0.001 bgte; LIgeRBaHxg;bnab;elx^ sresr 18 nak;CaPaKryn 96 nak;
100% 0.1875 100% 18.75%
K> 5.9845 5.985 bgt;eLIgeRBaHxg;bnab;elx% . eK)an 18
96
dUcenH PaKrymnusSEdlsab;KW 18.75% .
emeronTI 6 PaKry
-TMBrTI 67 rkR)ak;cMeNjbxatkg 100 `
-TMBrTI 63 sresrkaerpat;BNnrUbnImyY CaPaKry k> R)ak;edIm 160 000 ` cMeNj)an 20 000 `
20 000
39
enaHR)ak;edIm 1 ` cMeNj)an 160
0.125 `
rUb k sresr)an 100
39%
000
45
rUb x sresr)an 100
naM[R)ak;edIm 100 ` cMeNj)an 0.125 100 12.5 `
45%
54
dUcenH kg 100 ` cMeNj)an 12.5 ` .
rUb K sresr)an 100
54%
5
x> R)ak;lk; 240 000 ` R)ak;xat 80 000 `

80 000
enaHR)ak;lk; 1 ` R)ak;xat 240
0.3333 `
000
CabnGkRtUvyl;[)anc,as;tamkarbkRsayxageRkam
-eKvas;cmayBIPUmi A eTAPUmi B edayeRbIxatedkaEm:t

dUcKa b:Eu nxatnImYyminRtUvleT KWxatmYyesrI bnci KW
naM[R)ak;lk; 100 ` R)ak;xat 0.3333 100 33.33 ` 9.8 m 1dam xatmYyeTotelIsbnci KW10.1m 1dam
dUcenH kg 100 ` xatGs;RbEhl 33.33 ` .
eBlvas;R)akdCaxat 9.8 m vas;eXIjEvgCagxat 10.1m
-TMBrTI 68 rktmnaLikaenaHEdlRtUvlk;
eRkayeBlvas;xatTaMgBIrxusKaRbEvg 1dam 10m
rkcMnYnR)ak;Edl)anbBaHtm 15% n 40 000 `
-ebItagcmayBIPmU i A eTAPUmi B eday x KitCa m
15
R)ak;bBaH tm 100 40 000 6 000 `
tambRmab;eyIg)an 9x.8 10x.1 10
R)ak;lk;eRkaybBaH tm 6 000 `KW
1
1
x 10
40 000 6 000 34 000 `
9.8 10.1
10.1 9.8
dUcenH naLikaenaHRtUvlk;tm 34 000 ` .
x 10
9.8 10.1
-TMBrTI 69 rkflk;rbs;eTacRkyanyn
0.3 x 989.8
x 3300 m
eday 2% nflk;eTacRkyanyn 80 000 `
-eRkayBIepgpat;tambeckeTsCak;EsgKWRtwmRtUv
naM[ flk;eTacRkyanyn
80 000 80 000
dUcenH cmayBitR)akdBIPUmi A eTAPUmi B KW 3.3 km .
4 000 000 `
2%
0.02
-TMBrTI 75 k> rkRbEvgTTwg nigbeNayndIERs
dUcenH flk;eTacRkyanynKW 4 000 000 erol .
rkRbEvgedImbsSIEdlKat;ykmkvas;Camunsin
-TMBrTI 70 bMeBjtaragxageRkam
RbEvgedImbsSI 3 Bam 1ht 2 cMGam
PRT
edayEpkelIrbU mn I 100 Edl TIenH I CakarR)ak;
3 2m 1 0.5m 2 0.2m
6m 0.5m 0.4m
/ P CaR)ak;edIm ehIy
T CaryeBlKitCaqaM
6.9m
mYyqaM . eyIgbMeBj)an
R% CaGRtakarR)ak;kg
-RbEvgTTwgvas;)an 12 edImbsSI
P
`
120277.78`
2 000 000`
720 000`
480 000
R
8%
9%
11%
7.02%
268800
qaM
4 qaM
0.4
qaM
18
ExM
`
43 300`
88 000`
75 600`
cMnYnR)ak;srub
enaHRbEvgTTwgKW 12 6.9m 82.8 m

-RbEvgbeNayvas;)an 32 edImbsSI
enaHRbEvg beNayKW 32 6.9m 220.8 m .
x> rkRkLapERsKitCaGa
pdIERs=beNay TTwg 82.8m 220.8m
`
163 578`
2 088 000`
795 600`
748 800
emeronTI 7 rgVas;rgVas;
18282.24m 2
eday 1a 100 m
.24
a 182.8224a
naM[ 18282.24m 18282
100
dUcenH pdIERsKitCaGaKW 182.8224a .
2
-TMBrTI 74 rkcmayBitR)akdrvagPUmi A eTAPUmi B

lMhat;enHeKerobcM)anlNas; minxVHeTGkEdlminyl;
RbFan eRBaHebImin)anKit[Ditdl; GacfaRbFanxuskman .
GacemIlkarbMEbkxatenAesovePAKNitviTa Gan>Kit>yl;
6
K> rkRbEvgExSlYs KitCasin

RbEvgExSlYsmYyCMu KWCabrimaRtdIERsragctuekaNEkg
naM[ P 282.8m 220.8m 607.2m
-ebIKit 3 CMuKW 3 607.2m 1821.6m
eday 1 sin 40m
.6
naM[ 1821.6m 1821
sin 45.54 sin
40
dUcenH RbEvglYs 3 CMuKitCasinKW 45.54 sin .
-TMBrTI 76 rkm:asndMLgCVa
rkm:askUnCBaIgTaMgGs;EdleKykmkeRbIKW
K> rkflk;kg mYydbedIm,I[cMeNj 12%

rkR)ak;ceM Njkg mYydb KW
115.12 12% 115.12 0.12 13.8 `
naM[flk;ecjkg mYydb 115.12 13.8 129 `
dUcenH edIm,I[cMeNj 12% RtUvlk;ecj129 `kg!db .
-TMBrTI 79 k> etIfenaHCafGVI ?
naLikacan;FeI dIrelOn 1mn35s kg mYyf ehIynaLika
sIuNa edIryWt 2mn10s kg mYyf mannyfakg mYyf
naLikasIuNaedIryWtCagnaLikacan;FcI nM Yn
1mn35s 2mn10s 3mn45s RtUvnwg 225s
-eRcInfnaLika sIuNaedIryWtCagnaLikacan;FcI nM Yn
17mn30s RtUvU nwg 1050s
naM[cMnYnfEdlrMlgKW 1050
4 j16h
225
edaybEnm 4 j16h elI em:ag 20 f cn enaHKWf esAr_
dUcenH fenaHCaf esAr_ .
x> etIem:agBitRtUvnwgem:agb:una n?
ebIeyIgEfm 4 j16h elIf cn em:ag 20 enaHeyIg)an
fesAr_ em:ag 12 fRtg; .
dUcenH em:agBitKW em:ag 12 fRtg; nfesAr_ .
4kg 7hg 3dag 4kg 0.7kg 0.03kg 4.73kg
edaykUnCBagI dak;elIfasmYyEdlmanm:asesI 101 n

m:asvtE dlfgw m:avtf gw 10 dknm:askUnCBaIg
enaHm:asvtEdlfgw 10 4.73 kg 47.3 kg
edaysMbk)avmanm:as 1.5kg
naM[m:asdMLgCVa 47.3 kg 1.5 kg 45.8 kg .
dUcenH dMLgCVamanm:as 45.8 kg .
-TMBrTI 77 k> rkcMnnY dbEdlKat;RckeRbgm:astU )an
cMNuHeRbgEdl)anTij 225l 8 1800l
cMNuHeRbgEdleRbIkar)an 1800l 8 3l 1776l
eday 1l 100cl naM[ 1776l 177600cl
cl
cMnYndbEdlRckm:astU )an 177600
2368 db
75cl
dUcenH eRbgEdlRck)anmancMnYn 2368 db .
emeronTI 8 kenSamBICKNit
-TMBrTI 82 k> R)ab;cnM nY tY nigGefrnkenSamBICKNit
3xy 5 man 2tY nigmanGefr x , y .
x y z 2 man 3tY nigmanGefr x , y , z .
x> sresrkenSamBICKNittagGIubeU: tnusnRtIekaNEkg
edayplbUkRbEvgRCugTaMgbICabrimaRt naM[
rgVas;GIube:U tnus 13 x 3 y KitCa dm .
-TMBrTI 83 1> KNnaedaysal;tm
x> rkfedImneRbgm:astU kgmYydb

cMNuHeRbgEdl)anTij 1800l RtUvnwg 18 hl
naM[cMnYnR)ak;cMNayTijeRbgTaMg 8 FugKW
18 15 000 270 000 `
R)ak;cN
M aysrubKitTaMgQlRckdbKW
270 000 ` 2 600 ` 272600 `
115.12 `
naM[fedImeRbgkg mYydb 272600
2368
dUcenH fedImeRbgkgmYydbKW 115.12 ` .
a 2, b6, c4, d 5
k> b c a 6 4 2 2 2 4 .
x> ab cd 2 6 45 16 5 80 .
7
> k> sresrcMnYnR)ak;rbs;NarICakenSamBICKNit -TMBrTI 89 KNnaplKuNkenSamBICKNit

R)ak;rbs;NarICakenSamBICKNitKW 5000 y erol . k> 4x 5 x 22x 5
4 x 20 2 x 5 x 4 x 10
x> rkcMnYnR)ak;NarIceM BaH y 3 500 erol
2 x 5 x 10
naM[R)ak;NarIKW 5 000 3 500 1 500 erol .
x> 4x 5 x 22x 5
3a
3> KNnakenSam
cM
e
BaHtm
a nig b
b3
4 x 20 2 x 5 x 4 x 10
2
k>
x>
a 10
a 2
nig b 3 naM[ b3a3 33103 306 5
nig b 7 naM[
x4
x 12
2 x 2 13x 30
3a 3 2 6 3
b 3 3 7 4 2
x4
x 12
> KNnatmGefrEdleFV[I
4 x 20 2 x 2 5 x 4 x 10
-TMBrTI 89 dak;CaplKuNkta
minGackMNt;)an k> ab a b 1
ab 1 b 1
a 1b 1
kenSam
minGackMNt;)an b Kanny luHRtaEt
PaKEbgessI Un enaH x 12 CatmEdleFVI[PaK x> xy 2z 2 y xy
x 2z 2 x y
EbgesIsnU . dUcenH x 12 .
x 2z y
-TMBrTI 85 KNnaplbUkkenSamBICKNit edayeRbI
rUbctuekaNEkg nigkaern 4 y 2 3 y 5
emeronTI 9 smIkardWeRkTI!manmYyGBaat
tag y edayrUb y / ehIy y edayrUb y
-TMBrTI 92 etItm x NaCabsnsmIkar x 14 38
nig 1 edayrUb 1 / ehIy 1 edayrUb 1
1> kgceNam tm 52 , 42 , 24 KW x 52 Cabs
eyIg)an 4 y 2 3y 5
1 1
nsmIkar eRBaHvaepgpat; 52 14 38 b 38 38 Bit.
y y
y
1
y
1
2> rkbsnsmIkar 5x 100
1
y y
y
1 1
eyIgman 5x 100 Edlman x 20 Cabs
eday y y 0 nig 1 1 0
eRBaH 5 20 100 smmUl 100 100 Bit .
-TMBrTI 95 edaHRsaysmIkar rYcepgpat;cemIy
1
enAsl;Et y 1 1 dUcenH 4 y 2 3y 5 y 3 . k> x 10 21 dkGgTaMgBIrnwg 10 eyIg)an
x 10 10 21 10
-TMBrTI 86 KNnakenSam
x 11
k> 8x 7 x 8x 7 x 8 7x 1 x x
epgpat; cMeBaH x 11 enaH 11 10 21 Bit
x> 10x 23x 10 23x 33x
dUcenH smIkarmanbs x 11 .
-TMBrTI 87 bRgmkenSamrYcKNna
x> 12 x 3 8 15 x 8
eyIgman 2a 5b 7a 9b 9a 14b
edayEfm x 8 elIGgTaMgBIr enaHeyIg)an
cMeBaH a 2 , b 7
15 x x 8 8 x 8 b 7 x CabssmIkar
naM[ 9a 14b 9 2 14 7 18 98 80 . epgpat; 12 7 3 8 12 4 8 Bit .
8
-TMBrTI 96 edaHRsaysmIkar rYcepgpat;cemIy

2> rkcMnYnKt;essTaMgbIenaH
k> 7.2 3x edayEckGgTaMgBIrnwg 3 eK)an
tag x CacMnnY essTI ! enaHcMnYnessbnbnab;KW
7.2 3x
x 2 nig x 4
2.4 x b x 2.4 CabsmIkar

3
3
epgpat; cMeBaH x 2.4 7.2 3 2.4 7.2 7.2 tambRmab; eK)an
3x x 2 x 4 5 8x 2
t
x> 13 1.2 edayKuNGgTaMgBIrnwg 1.2 eyIg)an
33 x 6 5 8 x 16
t 1.2
15.6 t t 15.6
1.2
15.6
t 15.6 13
13 13
1.2
Cabs
p>p cMeBaH
-TMBrTI 97 edaHRsaysmIkar
1> 5x 7 x 4 2 5 3x 2
Bit .
13 1.2
9 x 18 5 8 x 16
9 x 8 x 16 13
x3
enaHcMnYnessbnbnab;KW x 2 3 2 5
nig x 4 3 4 7
p>p 33 5 7 5 83 2
5 x 7 x 4 5 3x 2
2 x 4 3 3x
3x 2 x 3 4
x 1
2x 1 x 2
2
5
4
3
60 32 x 1 4x 2
60 6 x 3 4 x 8
63 8 4 x 6 x
10 x 55
11
x
2
98
1
3 15 5 8 5
40 40
dUcenH cMnYnessTaMgbIttY KaKW
>
emeronTI 10 vismPaB
-TMBrTI 102 etIkenSamNaxHCavismPaB
kenSam 2 1 , 8 5 , a b
, cd ,
ab ad , ac ad
kenSamCavismPaBKW 2 1 , 8 5 , c d ,
nig a b a d eRBaHvakenSamenHmansBaa , .
-TMBrTI 103 eRbbeFobRbPaK 1n nig n 1 1
cMeBaH n CacMnYnKt;viCman Binit
-TMBrTI > KNnaRbEvgbeNay nigTTwg

tag x CaRbEvgTTwg
x
naM[ x 28 CabeNay
x 28
tambRmab; 2x x 28 376 KitCa m
eK)an 4x 56 376
1 0
n n
n 1 n
4 x 376 56
320
x
80
4
naM[
eRBaH
1
1
n0
n 1 n
1
1
n n 1
dUcenH eyIgeRbbeFob)an
.
-TMBrTI 104 bMeBjsBaa b enAkgRbGb;
k> 10 20 enaH 10 4 20 4
x> 20 2 enaH 20 4 2 4
K> 1 12 enaH 1 4 12 4 .
naM[ x 28 80 28 108
p>p 280 108 376 2 188 376 Bit
dUcenH cMkarenaH manTTwgRbEvg 80 m
manbeNayRbEvg 108 m .
9
3, 5, 7
-TMBrTI 105
sresrTMnak;TnM gxageRkamedayeRbIsBaa vismPaB
-KuNcMnnY x nwg 2 Efm 5 eTot enaHlTplFMCag 10
eyIgsresr)an 2x 5 10 .
-TMBrTI 113 etIbrimaNNaEdlsmamaRtbrimaN!eTot?

eyIgmantaragbrimaNBIrKW k> nig x>
sUmKUstagragtmedayxn g
brimaNEdlmansmamaRteTAnwgbrimaNmYyeTotKW
16
24
brimaN k> eRBaHeyIg)ansmamaRt 300
450
edaysar 16 450 300 24 .
-TMBrTI 113 rktm a nig c
eK[ a : b : c 5 : 3 : 8 nig b 36 000 `
eyIg)ansmamaRt a : b 5 : 3 b ba 53
emeronTI 11 pleFobnigsmamaRt
-TMBrTI 107 rkpleFob
50 1
k> 50 g nig 200g sresr)an 50 : 200 b 200
4
700 7
x> 700g nig 1kg sresr)an 700 :1000 b 1000

10
-TMBrTI 107 rkpleFob
k> R)ak;cMNUlrbs;Kat; nigR)ak;cMNayrbs;Kat;
8
.
sresrpleFob)an 1200 : 450 b 1200
450 3
x> R)ak;snSMrbs;Kat; nigR)ak;cMNUlrbs;Kat;
edayR)ak;snSM 1200$ 450$ 750$
750 5
.
eyIgsresrpleFob)an 750 :1200 b 1200
8
-TMBrTI 108 etIpleFobNaCapleFosmmUlKa
man 6 : 8 , 18 : 28 , 15 : 20 , 83 : 2 , 0 9 :1 5
naM[ 3a 5b
enaH
ehIy
5b
3
5 36 000
5 12 000 60 000
3
8b
b : c 3 : 8 3c 8b c
3
8 36 000
c
8 12 000 96 000
3
a
enaH
`
dUcenH tmrkeXIj a 60 000 ` nig c 96 000 ` .
-TMBrTI 115 rkcMnYnfEdlRtUvptp; g;eKarbs;Kat;
dMbgU Kat;maneKa 40 k,>TijEfm10 k,> eLIgdl; 50 k,>
tag x CacMnnY fEdleKa 50 k,> sI)u an
eyIg)anpleFob 40 k,al:50 k,al x f:35f
pleFobsmmUlKaKW 6 : 8 15 : 20 b 86 15
.
20
-TMBrTI 111 -rkcmaypvEdlrfyneFVdI MeNIr)an
ebIcmaypv 91km vasIiusaMgGs; 7l
ebIvamansaMg 15l enaHvaeFVdI MeNIr)an
40 x
40 35 1400
28 f
naM[)an 50
35
50
50
dUcenH Kat;pt;pg ;eKa 50 k,>)anryeBl 28 f .
emeronTI 12 sBaaNdMbUgnrUbFrNImaRt
91km 15l
195km
7l
-TMBrTI 118 []TahrN_rUbPaBcMNucepSgCMvu ijxn

-cMNucRbRCuyelIragkay
-cMNucrnejIsenACab;nwgEs,k
-cMNucRKab;mnu elIpmux
-cMNucrndMbUlsalamanFay
Gkrk[)aneRcInCagenH >>>
dUcenH rfynGaceFVdI MeNIr)ancmay 195km .

-rkR)ak;EdlRtUvcMNay
elIcmaypv 260km RtUvkarsaMg 26091kmkm 7l 20l
eday 1l 5400 ` naM[ saMg 20l 20 5400 108000 `
dUcenH Kat;RtUvcMNayR)ak;cMnYn 108000 erol .
10
-TMBrTI 119 CMnYs >>> edaysBaa b
-TMBrTI 123 eKman$ cMNuc A , B , C , D elIbnat; xy
A B
x
k> A d
x> F d
K> D d
X> B d g> E d
c> C d .
-TMBrTI 120 BinitrUbrYceqIynwgsNMNYr
B
eRkayBIBni ti rUbxagelIy:aghtc; t; rUbenHKanknHbnat;

mYyesaH dUcenHminGacsresreQaHknHbnat;)aneT .
-TMBrTI 121 manbg; P EdlmancMNuc A , B , C
M B
46 cm
46 cm
nig BN BC
23 cm
2
2
eyIg)an MN MB BN
k> rab;eQaHbg;fIE dleTIbnwgekItman

bg; SAB / bg; SBC nig bg; SAC .
6 cm 23 cm
x> bg; P manbnat;EdlrYmnwgbg;frI mY man
29 cm
bnat;kat;tam AB , AC nig BC .
-TMBrTI 125 manbIcN
M uc X , Y , Z elIbnat;
K> R)ab;cMNucCarbs;bg;
S
X
Y
Z
-cMNuc S KW S SAB / S SBC nig S SAC

20 cm
-cMNuc A KW A P / A ABC / A SAB nig A SAC
8 cm
-cMNuc B KW B P / B ABC / B SAB nig B SBC bRmab; XY 8 cm nig XZ 20 cm
-cMNuc C KW C P / C ABC / C SAC nig C SBC k> KNna XS XY YS
-TMBrTI 122 bMeBjcemIy nigsg;Ggt;tamlMnaMKMrU
XZ XY
XY
2
eRkayBI)anBinitcemIy niglMnaMKMreU yIgbMeBj)an
cMNuc 5
20cm 8cm
14 cm
2
XY XZ
XS
2
XY XZ 8cm 20cm 28cm
14cm
2
2
2
XY XZ
XS
2
x> bgajfa
Binit
tamsMNYr k> enaH
Ggt; 10
1+2+3+4
8 cm
bRmab; AB 12 cm , BC 46 cm ehIy cMNuc

M nig N CacMNuckNalerogKanGgt; AB nig BC
12 cm
naM[ MB AB
6 cm
2
2
12 cm
eRkayBI)aneRbIEdkQanvas;rYcmk
k> eyIgeRbbeFob)an AB BC
x> eyIgeRbbeFob)an CD BC
K> eyIgGacsnid an)anfa AC CD eRBaH CD BC .
-TMBrTI 124 KNnaRbEvg MN
.
11
-TMBrTI 134 etImuCM ab;nmMu xOt CamMGu VI ?
emeronTI 13 mMu
-TMBrTI 128 bnat;BrI RbsBVKakMNt;)anmMcu nM Yn4 dUcman tamrUbbgajfamMCu ab;nmMu xOt CamMu tOy .
-TMBrTI 135 bMeBjtarag edayemIlrUbPaB
bgajdUcrUb
2
1
3
eRkayBIeFVIRbmaNviFmI KMu itCadWeRk
4
B
tam ABC = CBT + ABT
-TMBrTI 129 BinitrUb rYcsresreQaHmMu nigR)ab;RbePTmMu eyIgbMeBj)antarag
C
D
E
ABC
27
77
69
82
81
eRkayBIBni ti eyIgsresreQaH nigR)ab;RbePTmMu

-mMu EAB CamMTu al -mMu ABC CamMEu kg
-mMu xCy CamMru ab
-mMu xCD CamMTu al
-mMu CDE CamMEu kg -mMu DEA CamMuRsYc .
-TMBrTI 129 KNnaRbmaNviFmI Mu
k> 17 1529 13 11 40 8 5412
38 8081 39 21 21 .
x> 25 3620 15 5032
o
u
x
-TMBrTI 137 KUsrUbeLIgvij rYcbgajfa hOt 90
tag
xOy 2a
nig
EdlplbUk
xOy yOz xOz Et xOz 180 mMru ab
naM[ 2a 2b 180 a b 90
bRmab; Oh nig Ot CaknHbnat;BuHerogKanmMu xOy
2a
nigmMu yOz naM[ hOy xOy
a nig
2
2
yOz 2b
yOt
b ehIy hOt hOy yOt

2
2
naM[ hOt a b dUcenH hOt 90 .
yOz 2b
12
ABT
19
31
35
12
46
-TMBrTI 132 edayeRbIra: b:Tr vas;muxM ageRkam

ebIvas;rbU enAkg esovePABumE< tmgeXIjtmdUcxageRkam
-mMu b 25 -mMu c 60 -mMu g 90 .
ebIKUskg esovePAd rgVas;mMuGaRsytamvas;Cak;Esg
-TMBrTI 133 edayeRbIEdkQansg;muMeLIgvij
eyIgsg;muTM aMgenHeLIgvijeTAtamskmPaBCak;Esg .
CadMbUkykkMBlU mMCu apti KUsF[kat;RCugTaMgBIrnmMu
edayrkSargVHEdkQan[enAdEdl rYcKUsrUbfI tamTRmg;
rUbedIm >>> . sUmemIlBIviFIsg;muM [b:unnwgmMmu YyeTot
edayeRbIEdkQan enAelIRbtibtienH .
o
-TMBrTI 136 sg;knHbnat;BuHmMuxageRkam

ENnaM edayykkMBlU mMCu apit sg;F[ kat;RCugBIreTot
ehIyykcMNuckat;TaMgBIrCapti vij sg;FT aMgBI[RbsBVKa
Pab;BkI MBlU mMueTAcMNucRbsBV eyIg)anknHbnat;BuHmMu .
24o 9580 15o 5032 9o 4548
CBT
8
46
34
70
35
eRBaHplbUkmMukgBIrnRtIekaNesImMueRkAmYyEdlminCab;va
nig mMu y 180 117 63 .
-TMBrTI 149 eRbbeFobmMu BAC nig BHC
eRkayBIyl;RbFan eyIgsg;rUb)andUcxageRkam
emeronTI 14 bnat;Rsb bnat;Ekg

-TMBrTI 141 KNnargVas;mMu
bRmab; DE EF
naM[ DEF CamMEu kg
ehIy EG CaknHbnat;BuH
nmMu DEF enaHeyIg)an
GEF
GEF
B
C
E
F
DEF 90 o
45o
2
2
BinitmMu BAC nig BHC mMTu aMgBIrman

RCug AC bnayRCug HB Rtg; B
RCug HC bnayRCug AB Rtg; A
naM[mMu BAC nig BHC manRCugRtUvKaEkgerogKa
dUcenH mMu BAC = BHC .
> eRkayBI)anemIlbRmab;RbFaneyIgsg;rbU )an

A
emeronTI 15 rUbFrNImaRtEdlmanvimaRtBIr
d
d

k>
a
y
b
-TMBrTI 154 eyIgsg;rUb)andUcxageRkam

A
k> bnat; AE tag[emdaTrn
RtIekaN ABC eRBaH
E
ABC man I CacMNuc
C
B
kNaln)at BC nig
I
AE kat;tam I Edl Cakm<s;nRtIekaN ABC
edaysarEtkm<s;TaMgbIRbsBVKaEtmYycMNucKt;KW E man
nyfa AI BC .
x> bgajfacMNuc A , E , I rt;Rtg;CYr
km<s;TaMgbInRtIekaNmYyRbsBVKaRtg;EtmYycMNucKt;
edaykm<s;BrI RbsBVKaRtg;cMNuc enaHkm<sT; bI IRtUv
kat;tamcMNucRbsBV E enaHEdr
naM[)an E AI
dUcenH cMNuc A , E , I rt;Rtg;CYr .
nig y Edl a b
80 o
x
45 o
tamTMnak;TMng bnat;BIrRsbKakat;edayxat;myY
eyIg)an mMu x 45 80 180
naM[ x 180 45 80 55
nig mMu y 80 45 125 .
x>
o
a
b
117 o
47 o
x
y
eyIg)an mMu x 117
A
o
dUcenH rgVas;mKMu Nna)anKW GEF 45 .

-TMBrTI 143 sg;rUbtambRmab;RbFan
1> eRkayBI)anemIlbRmab;RbFaneyIgsg;rb
U eday
eRbIbnat;Ekg d
A
d
enaH)an
2
47 o 70o
13
-TMBrTI 156 R)ab;RbePTnRtIekaNtammMu

A
-RtIekaN ABC CaRtIekaN
samBa eRBaHvamanmMu
A B C .
B
> sg;RtIekaNedaysal;
A 60 / BC 5 cm
nig AC 4 cm
eyIg)andUcrUbxagsaM
5 cm
60 o
4 cm
-RtIekaN ABC CaRtIekaN

sm)ateRBaH vamanmMu
B C .
> sg;RtIekaN DEF

Edl ABC DEF
A
dUcrUbxagsaM
3
-RtIekaN ABC CaRtIekaN B

EkgknHsmgS eRBaH vamanmMu
A CamMEu kg nig C 30 . A
-TMBrTI 158 KNnamMu x nig y
k>
x
59
64
o
30o
-TMBrTI 163
1> sg;ctuekaNEkg ABCD
edaysal; AB 4.5 cm
nig AD 3.5 cm
F
B
4.5 cm
3.5 cm
C
> sg;ctuekaNEkg ABCD A

edaysal; AB 64 mm 64mm 60
nigmMu BAC 60
B
-TMBrTI 165
A
1> sg;kaer ABCD
edaysal; RCugrbs;va
D
KW AB 4.6cm
B
2> sg;kaer ABCD
edaysal; GgtR; TUg
A
KW BD 7cm
A
3> ctuekaNEkgxagsaM
man AB 24cm /
2
42o
x 180 o 42 o 64 o 180 o 106 o 74 o
y 42 o 64 o 59 o 106 o 59 o 47 o
x>
101o
x 180 o 101o 79 o
K>
44o
116o
x 116 o 44 o 72 o
y 180 o 72 o 108o
k>
x> P
BCD
eyIg)andUcrUbxagsaM
3 cm
BEC
BC 5 cm
C
C
7cm
D
B
E
BC CD BD BC AB 2 AE
BC CE EB BC 2 AE
10 2 13 36 cm
14
4.6cm
10 24 2 13 60 cm
3 cm
K> P
B
BC 10cm , AE 13cm D
C
PABCD 2 AB BC 224 10 68 cm
-TMBrTI 159
1> sg;RtIekaNsm)at edaysal;)at BC 5 cm nig
AC 3 cm
D
o
.
-
X> P
DEC
-TMBrTI 170 KNnabrimaRtRtIekaN ABC

tamrUbmn P a b c
A 13 dm
17dm
eK)an
DC DE EC DC 2 AE
24 2 13 50cm
P 13 17 19
49dm
emeronTI 16 brimaRtnigpRkLaBhuekaN
K> rkbrimaRtBhuekaN
12cm
6cm
73cm
6.7cm
54.3cm
P 12 2 6.7 4 6 4 54.3 2
24 26.8 24 108.6 183.4cm
-TMBrTI 168 KNnabrimaRtdIERsenaH

eyabl; lMhat;enHerobcMmin)anl eRBaHeRbIxat cm
vaminEdlmandIERsNa manpRbEhlptsu isSeron
enHRbEhCaeKRclMxat .
-dIERsragctuekaNEkg 55cm
tamrUbmn P 2a b
107cm
naM[ P 255 107 324cm
-TMBrTI 169 sUmGPteTas eTIbEtmanRbtibtienH
mYyEdlsitkg karRsavRCav. CakarBitenAeBlkat;KW
R)akdCamansamkRnEdleFVI[eKcMeNjRkLap .
tambTBiesaFn_ kaerEdlerob)anmanRCugesI 5cm .
sUmCUn cemIydl;GkenAeBleRkay .
S a a a2
43cm
23 2 529cm 2

C! C@ b
h
P
414 m
123m
103m
188m
73m
6862 m2
22cm
22cm
48cm
16cm
384 cm2
26dm
0.8km
199dm
0.7km
201dm
1.3 km
204dm
1.2km
92 cm
2
426 m
2800 m
20502dm
780000 m
smal; 22cm esovePABum<dak;RclM 22m EkCa 22cm .

C!=RCugTI! / b =)at , h=km<s; / S=p / P =brimaRt
sUmmanbRmugRbytx<sk; g karKNnaelx .
15
19dm
-TMBrTI 171 bMeBjcenaHxageRkam

90 000... cm eRBaH 1m 10 000cm
k> 3m ..........
100 ..m
x> 1a ..........
0.05 .m
K> 500 cm ..........
-TMBrTI 172 RbtibtienHerobcMmni )anRtwmRtUv eTaHbICa
sitkg cMNuc pRkLactuekaNEkgkBti EmnkenAEt
minRtwmRtUv eRBaH
-ebIemIllMhat;TI 1 vamanPaBxusBICak;EsgxaMgeBk
RCugTI1manRbEvg 25cm enaHRCugTI@RtUvmanRbEvg
120000cm eTIbeFVI[manpRkLa 300m
-lMhat;TI 3 minRtUvCamYyemeronTal;EtesaHeRBaH
RCugTI! bTI 2manxat ca sg;TGI a Caxatrbs;p EtEbr
CaeRbICaxatRbEvgvij EdlxusBIemeronRtg;1ca 1m .
srubmk lMhat;Rbtibtei nHminRtwmRtUv .
-TMBrTI 173 sg;kaermYyman P 172cm
naM[vamanRbEvgRCug a P4 172
43cm
4
prbs;vaKW
-TMBrTI 168 KNnabrimaRtBhuekaNxageRkam

53.4cm
k> edayBhuekaNenHman *RCug ehIy
RCugRbEvgnWmyY manRbEvgesIKa
eyIg)an P 8 53.4cm 427.2cm
x> rkbrimaRtBhuekaN
50.8cm
P 4 50.3 4 73
450.3 73
4 123.3 493.6cm
b .
-TMBrTI 175 KNnapRkLarUbEdl[
8
S 4
2
2
64 16
22
48
7
1056 2
m
7
14cm
37cm
S 14cm 37cm 18cm

2
8m
4m
196cm 2 666cm 2
-TMBrTI 183 KNnapRkLaEpkqUt edayyk 227
862cm 2
k> S r
emeronTI 17
-TMBrTI 179 KNnabrimaRtnrUb edayyk 227

k>
x> P d 21.1
x> S r
K> S r
1.10 m
22
0.8 2.2
80cm
7
17.6
2.2
7
17.6 15.4 33 2
m
7
7
a . S 3cm 2
3cm
4 45 o
360 o
22
g> S r
3cm
EsVgyl;xn g ehtuGVI)anCaeKeFVIGBawg .
16
90 o
16
120 o
o
360 o
22 2 90 o
9
7
360 o
891
14
360 o
22 2 120 o
9
7
360 o
594
36cm 2
X> S r
22
9 cm 2
7
198 2
36cm 2
cm
7
252 198 2 54 2
cm
cm
7
7
360 o
360 o
22 2 180 o
8
7
360 o
704
22 2 90 o
2
7
360 o
22
5 cm
-TMBrTI 181 KNnapRkLaEpkqUt edayyk
22 2 45 o
4
7
360 o
44
rgVg;
1
P p 4r
2
1
2r 4r
2
2r 4r
2r 2
36 360
10
cm 2
7
7
9
270 o
emeronTI 18
-ebImrU tamTTwgvij mannyfabeNayCakm<s;

eK)an V p4h
eday p 64.8dm 2dm 62.8dm
maDnigpRkLaxagsUlIt
-TMBrTI 186 KNnakm<s;RbelBIEb:tEkg

tamrUbmn V B h Taj)an h VB
eday V 100352dm 100.352m
3
h 96.2dm
62.82 96.2 30179.34dm 3
V
4
eK)an
snidanlTpl 45739.58dm 30179.34dm
dUcenH edIm,I[)anmaDsIuLaMgFMbMputRtUvmUrtambeNay.
-TMBrTI 189 KNnapRkLaxagTaMgGs;rbs;KUb
pnImyY rbs;KUbmanragCakaer
184 mm
ehIykaernImyY manp
B 35840cm 2 3.584m 2
naM[
100.352m 3
h
28m
3.584m 2
b h 28m 28000mm .
-TMBrTI 187 k> etILaMgeQIenaHmanragCaGVI ?
LaMeQIGacdak;)ansabU ^dMu EdlduMsabmU anragCaKUb
LaMgEdlGacdak;sabU^dMuragCaKUb)anluHRtaEtvaman
vimaRt 1 , 1 , 6 b 1 , 2 , 3 EdlvimaRtnImYy)an
bBaak;fa LaMgmanragCa RbelBIEb:tEkg .
x> rkmaDrbs;LaMg
rUbmnmaDRbelBIEb:tEkgKW V abc
naM[ V 11 6 b V 1 2 3
dUcenH maDLaMg V 6 ktadMsu abU .
-TMBrTI 188 etIsuxaRtUvmUrtambeNaybmrU tamTTwg ?
-ebImrU tambeNay mannyfaTTwgCakm<s;
eK)an V R h
Et p 2R naM[ R 2p enaH R 4p
S a 2 184mm
33856 mm 2
edayKUbmanmux 6 b:unKa
naM[pRkLaxagTaMgGs;nKUbKW
-TMBrTI 191
k> KNnapRkLa)at
tamrUbmn B Vh
eday sIuLaMgman V 1550.25dm , h 12.5dm
.25dm
naM[ B 1550
124.02 dm
12.5dm
dUcenH RkLap)atKW B 124.02 dm .
x> KNnapRkLaTaMgGs;
tamrUbmn S ph 2B
Et p 2R
ehIy B R 2p 4p
enaH p 4B
eyIg)an S 2 B h 2B
3
p2h
h
4
naM[ V 4
eday p 96.2dm 2dm 94.2dm
2
eK)an
S 6 33856mm2 203136mm2
h 64.8dm
2
94.2 64.8
V
45739.58dm 3
4
2 124.02 12.5 2 124.02

287.53dm 2
17
dUcenH RkLapTaMgGs;KW S
K>KNnargVas;kaMrgVg;
eday B R
enaHeyIgTaj)anmMu)at OAB OBA

dUcenH eyIgeRbbeFob)an OAB OBA .
-eRbbeFob OAB nig OBA
B
124.02 7
edayRtIekaN OAB man OA OB CakaMrgVgE; tmYy
R
20.83dm
22
naM[RtIekaN OAB CaRtIekaNsm)at
dUcenH rgVas;kaMKW R 20.83dm .
enaHeyIgTaj)anmMu)at OAB OBA
lMhat;enHKYEtdak;sN
M Yr K> munsMNrY x> eFVIeTArYcvaecHEt)an
dUcenH eyIgeRbbeFob)an OAB OBA .
kb:uEnvahYssmtPaBsisSfak;TI7 RbEhlCa lMhat;enHerobcM
K> eRbbeFob OAO nig OBO
min)anl Cak;EsgGkemIllMhat;TI2 enATMBrenHdEdlvaman edaymMu OAO OAB OAB
ehIymMu OBO OBA OBA
bBaacMeBaHrUb a & b eyIgminGacKNnamaDva)aneT .
EtmMu OAB OBA nig OAB OBA
emeronTI 19 PaBqH
dUcenH eRbbeFob OAO OBO .
-TMBrTI 199 eRbIRkdaskar:PU ab;cN
M uctamlMdab;
-TMBrTI 195 sg;rUbeLIgvij nigsg;rUbqHeFobnwgcMNuc o
k> rkcMnYnGkSqH
T
287.53dm 2
sMNYrbn sti kg karRsavRCav sUmCUneBleRkay .

-TMBrTI 198 sg;rUbtamsmtikm
dUcenH rUbxagelIKanGkSqHeT .
x> rkcMnYnGkSqH
k> bgajfabnat; OO CaemdaTrnGgt;FrYm AB

eday OO Ekgnwg AB Rtg;cMNuckNal eRBaHkaMrgVg;
y
EkgnwgGgtF; R tg;cMNuckNalCanic enaHmannyfa
5
cmayBIcMNuc A eTAbnat; OO escI mayBI B eTAbnat;
3
OO naM[ cMNuc A qHKanwgcMNuc B eFobnwgbnat; OO
dUcenH bnat; OO CaemdaTrnGgtF; r Ym AB .
o
6
2
x> -eRbbeFob OAB nig OBA
edayRtIekaN OAB man OA OB CakaMrgVgE; tmYy
rUbxagelIenHmanGkSqH cMnYn 2 .
naM[RtIekaN OAB CaRtIekaNsm)at
18
emeronTI 20
RbU)ab
emeronTI 21
-TMBrTI 203
6
5
-TMBrTI 212 eyIgmantaragTinny

sala
Q
N
M
120
150
95
cMnYnsisSRbLg
cMnYnsisSRbLgCab; 25 30 18
k> bgajGRtasisSRbLgCab;nsalanImyY tamRkab
eyIgRtUvKNnaGRtasisSRbLgCab;Camunsin
100%
-sasa M KW 25 120
20.83%
2
3
-viBaasaKW karbgVilfasmYyEdlman 6 elx.

-lTplKW 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 man 6 krNI.
-RBwtki arN_KW 2 man1 krNI.
-TMBrTI 205 rkRbU)abEdlerIs)anelxCaBhuKuNn 3
elxEdlCaBhuKuNn 3 manelx 3 , 6 , 9 man 3 krNI
lTplEdlGacekItmaneLIg man 9 eRBaHbNman 9 snwk
naM[ P elxCaBhuKuNn 3 93 13 33.33%
dUcenH P elxCaBhuKuNn 3 33.33% .
-sala
-sala
100%
KW 30 150
20%
100%
KW 18 95
18.95%
GRtasisSRbLgCab;
-TMBrTI 206
RBwtki arN_GacekItmaneLIgKW 6 5 8 3 22 krNI
k> rkRbU)abEdlcab;)anXImanBN Rkhm
RBwtki arN_cab;)anXI BNRkhmman 6 krNI
naM[ P Rkhm 226 113 0.2727 27.27%
x> rkRbU)abEdlcab;)anXImanBN s
RBwtki arN_cab;)anXI s man 5 krNI
naM[ P s 225 0.2273 22.73%
K> rkRbU)abEdlcab;)anXImanBN btg
RBwtki arN_cab;)anXI BNbtg man 8 krNI
naM[ P btg 228 114 0.3636 36.36%
X> rkRbU)abEdlcab;)anXImanBN elOg
RBwtki arN_cab;)anXI BNelOg man 3 krNI
naM[ P elOg 223 0.1364 13.64% .
40%
20%
sala
x> tamRkabssrbgajkg sMNYr k> eyIgeXIjfa
sala M manPaKrysisSCab;eRcInCageKKW 20.83% .
-TMBrTI 214 eyIgmantaragTinnyePsCKitCaryeks
M
TI1
TI2
TI3
TI4
4
1.5
4
kUkakULa 2
1
1.5
0.5
1
sUda
3
1
2
TwkRkUc 1.5
eyIgGacbkRsayTinnyxagelIenHCaRkabssrePaH
)andUcxageRkam
19
Rkabssr
kUkakULa
sUda
TwkRkUc
ePsCKitCaryeks
4
3
TI1
TI2
TI3
emeronTI 22
TI4
RtImas
Rkabpit
-TMBrTI 219
k> begIttaragbMENgEckTinny
stV
eKa
RCUk RkbI Ta
28
10
22
cMnYnk,al 15
x> sg;Rkabpti tagTinny xagelI
eyIgdwgfa cMnYnstV 75 k,alRtUvnwg 360 naM[
72
-eKa 15 RtUvnwg 15 360
75
o
-RCUk 28 RtUvnwg
-RkbI 10 RtUvnwg
360 o
28
134.4 o
75
360 o
10
48o
75
360 o
22
105.6 o
75
-Ta 22 RtUvnwg
rUbtagedayRkapitKW
72 o
eKa
105.6 o
Ta
134.4 o
RCUk
48o
RkbI
20
1000 N 1285.285285285...
N
1.285285285...
1284
N
999 N 1284
999
1284 428
999 333
428
1.285
333
emeronTI! cMnYnsniTan
-TMBrTI 2 kMNt;tm x nig y

eyIgman cMnYnsniTanesIKaKW
GacbRgm)an
cMeBaH
dUcenH
.
K> eyIgmancMnYnTsPaK 0.821
tag N 0.821 0.821212121...
naM[ 10N 8.21212121...
nig 1000N 821.21212121...
sikSapldk 1000N 10N
2 y
,
, 0.2
x
5
2 1 10
2
0.2 x
x
0.2
y
5 0.2
0.2 y
1
5
1
cMeBaH
dUcenH eyIgkMNt;)an x 10 nig
y 1
-TMBrTI 4
k> erobcMnYnsniTantamlMdab;BIFMeTAtUc
eyIgmancMnYn 34 , 54 , 78 , 0.75
tRmUvPaKEbgrYm 40 eyIg)an
1.
1000 N 821.21212121...
10 N 8.21212121...
813
N
990 N 813
990
813 271
990 330
271
0.821
330
3 30 4 32 7 35
30
,
,
, 0.75
4 40 5 40 8 40
40
GacbRgm)an
dUcenH eyIgGacerob)anBIrrebob mYyNak)an KW

7 4
3
7 4 3
,
, 0.75 , b
,
, , 0.75 .
8 5
4
8 5 4
x> sresrcMnYnsniTan CacMnYnTsPaK
eyIgman 119 0.81 sUnek,sEb:tsibmYyxYb
dUcenH
.
-TMBrTI 5 bBaak;fa KUncMnYnsniTanesIKa rYcsresrCa
TRmg;bRgmrYc
k> 1630 158 eRBaH 16 15 30 8 240
ehIy 2 7 5 8 7 5 407 0.175 .

2. sresrcMnYnTsPaKxYbeTACacMnn
Y sniTan
k> eyIgmancMnYnTsPaK 0.4
tag N 0.4 0.4444444...
naM[ 10N 4.44444444...
eRkayBIbRgmrYcKW 158 .
21
x> 15
eRBaH 15 49 3521 735
35 49
eRkayBIbRgmrYcKW 73 ;
-TMBrTI 6 KNna
k> 214 114 214 11 324 8
10 N 4.4444444...
N 0.4444444...
4
N
9N 4
9
4
0.4
9
sikSapldk
x>
dUcenH
.
x> eyIgmancMnYnTsPaK 1.285
tag N 1.285 1.285285285...
naM[ 1000N 1285.285285285...
eyIgsikSapldk 1000N N eyIg)an
K>
21
1
1 9 21 30 15
2 5
4
4 4 4
4
2
5 1
7 21 9 31
2 1 3

8 8
8 8 8 8
21 9 31
8
43
-TMBrTI 7 KNnaplbUkxageRkamedayeRbIlkNpM
x> 23 34 78 23 6 8 7 23 18 121 .
k> 74 83 103 74 83 103
x>
K>
7 18 7

6
4 3 4
7 24 31
4
4
5 3 15 5 15 3

4 8 4 4 4 8
20 3
3
5
4 8
8
40 3 43
8
8
-TMBrTI 10 KNnaplEckxageRkam
40
40 2
20
k> 83 56 83 56 18
18 2
9
40 9 4
x> 4027 910 27
.

10
3
K>
-TMBrTI 8 KNna
k> 245 307 eday

naM[
x>
PPCM 24 , 30 120
emeronTI@ sVyKuN
5
7
5 5 7 4

24 30
24 5 30 4
25 28 25 28
120 120
120
53
120
1 27
PPCM 15 , 50 150
15 50
1 27 1 10 27 3 10
81
15 50 15 10 50 3 150 150
10 81
71
150
150
-TMBrTI 14
!> sresrplKuNCasVy KuN rYcR)ab;eKal nigniTsSn
k> x x x x x x x Edlman
x CaeKal nigelx 6 CaniTsSn .
x> y y y y ... y y Edlman
2013 kta
y CaeKal nigelx 2013 CaniTsSn .
@> sresrsVyKuN CaplKuNEdlmanktadUcKa rYcKNna
k> 3 3 3 3 3 9 9 81
x> 16 16 16 16 16 16 16
6
eday
2013
-TMBrTI 9 KNnaplKuN
13
75 13
975
k> 0.75 125

100 125 12500
975 25
39
12500 25 500
3 12 23 12 23 4 3 69
5
4 125 4 125 4 125 125

1
1 3
1 5 2
0.50.2
50
3 5
5 10 10
K>
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
444 2 16 8 128
-TMBrTI 15 KNna
9 3 9 11 9 3 11 9 3 11

5 4 5 4 54 4 5 4
18
9 8 9
2
5
5 4 5
1
1 1 1 1 1

36 36 36 1296 36 46656
. K> 2
-TMBrTI 9 KNnaplKuNxageRkam
k>
15463 47 15463 10
154.63 4.7
100
10
100 47
15463 10
100 47
329 47 10 329
10 10 47 10
naM[
x>
3 10 6
3 1
3
3 10 6

7 12 10
7 2
14
7 12 10
k> x x
x> 32
9
22
x 94 x13
3

2
3

2
2 2
3

2
K> 3x
EkCa
y 3 x 2 y
3 x 4 y 3 x 2 y
3
3x 4 y 3 x 2 y 4 x 4 2 y 31
3
@> bMeBjtaragxageRkam
Rkam
RbPaK
1
kg
100
13
kg
40
273
kg
200
10 g
4 x 2 y 2
-TMBrTI 16 KNna
325 g
x9
x 9 4 x 5
4
x
2
3

2 4
2
2 3 3

4
2
2
3

2
k>
x>
K>
y9
y 9 9 y 0 1
9
y
X>
3 yx 9
5 4
15 y x
1365 g
k>
x>
Edl
y0
20
5 2
3 2
1 206
a15
52
x>
2b10
a6
enaH
1 4 6
a 4 b 2
a 4 b 2
3
2

c3
c
!> KNna
k> 762.0213 10
a b
c6
8
225 2
15
x 2.25 m
m m
100
10
15
m 1.5m
10
a
b c6
4
7620213
10 5 76202130
10000
1
34.57 10 5 34.57 5 0.0003457
10
dUcenH kaerenaHmanrgVas;RCug 1.5m .

-TMBrTI 24 KNna
k> 64 81 64 81 8 9 8 9 72
x> 1225 KanbsCacMnYnKt;ruLW aTIbeT
K> 128108 2 2 3 24 .
-TMBrTI 24 KNnabskaeredayeRbIma:snIu Kitelx
-TMBrTI 20
x>
x> a a a a a a a a 1a
-TMBrTI 18 KNna
k> 32 32 23 23 323 2 16
81
4
0.000 000 000 075 7.5 10 11
37 000 000 000 3.7 1010
2a 6 b10
4
1.365 kg
k> rk x ebI x 196

naM[ x 196 b x 196
x 14 b x 14
dUcenH x 14 b x 14 .
x> KNnargVas;RCugkaerenaH
tag x CaRbEvgRCugkaerenaH Edl x 0
tambRmab; kaermanRkLap 2.25 m
naM[ x 2.25 m
4 5
0.325 kg
-TMBrTI 23
Edl x nig y xusBIsUn .
k> a a a a1 .
x> a a a a a a a
-TMBrTI 18 KNna
k> 2a b 2a b
3 2
0.01 kg
-TMBrTI 22 sresrcMnYnxageRkamCaTRmg;sgd; a
-TMBrTI 17 KNna
3 2
TsPaK
23
3249 57
0.208 849 0.457
2025
3.461538462
169
.
-
b
5000
10
c
5000
11
emeronTI# TMhsM mamaRtnigPaKry
-TMBrTI 28 kMNt;cmaycrebIeRbIGs;ryeBl*em:ag
-TMBrTI 29
k> rktmEpRkUcTaMg 12Ep
edayRkUc 9 Epf 1200 `
enaHebIRkUccMnYn 12 Ep mantm x `
eyIg)anpleFobKW 129 1200
x
32000
240 Ep
naM[ y 9 1200
dUcenH tm 32000 ` RtUvnwgcMnYnEpRkUc 240 Ep .
-TMBrTI 30 rkcMENkR)ak;EdlkUnmak;TTYl)an
tag a , b nig c CacMENkerogKaEdlkUnmanGayu
&qaM !0qaM nig !!qaTM TYl)an
tambRmab;RbFaneyIg)anpleFobsmamaRt
a b
c
abc
140000
5000
7 10 11 7 10 11
28
eyIgTaj)an
a 7 5000 35000
c 11 5000 55000
92
sRmab;Bni PasaExrKW 100
100% 92% .
-TMBrTI 33 rkflk;ecjrbs;eTacRkyanyn
Kat;xatGs; 22% enAeBllk;ecjvij
naM[R)ak;xatesInwg 22% 2240000 492800 `
eyIg)antmlk;ecjKW 2240000 492800 1747200 `
dUcenH tmlk;ecjeTacRkyanynKW 1747200 erol .
-TMBrTI 34 rkPaKrynR)ak;cMeNjrbs;Kat;
fedImTaMgGs;KW 300 3300 990000 `
R)ak;lk;elIkdMbUgKW 200 3980 796000 `
R)ak;lk;fasceRmgmYyenAsl;EdlbBaH tm 15% KW
15
3980
3980 3383 `
100
enaHR)ak;lk;fasceRmgenAsl;TaMgGs;KW
3383 100 338300 `
naM[R)ak;lk;)anTaMgGs;KW
796000 338300 1134300 `
enaHR)ak;cMenjTaMgGs;KW1134300 990000 144300 `
PaKrynR)ak;cMeNj 144300
100% 14.58%
990000
dUcenH PaKrynR)ak;cMeNjrbs;Kat;KW 14.58% .
naM[ x 1200912 14400

1600 `
9
dUcenH RkUccMnYn12 Ep mantm 1600 erol .
x> rkcMnYnEpRkUcEdlf 32000 `
edayRkUc 9 Epf 1200 `
enaHRkUcmancMnnY y Epmantm 32000 `
1200
eyIg)anpleFob 9y 32000
b 10 5000 50000
dUcenH kUnnImYyTTYl)anR)ak;erogKaKW
35000 erol 50000 erol nig 55000 erol .
-TMBrTI 31 rkryeBlRtUvcMNayeTIb)anTwkeBjGag
tag t CaryeBlEdlr:bU en 7 RtUvcMNay
cMnYnkmkr nigryeBlCaTMhMsmamaRtRcas
eyIg)an 7t 4 70 enaH t 4 770 40 mn
dUcenH ryeBlEdlr:Ube nTaMg 7 RtUvcMNayKW 40 mn .
-TMBrTI 32 rkBinC aPaKryelImuxviCanImYy
95
sRmab;Bni K NitviTaKW 100
100% 95%
ebIcmaycrtageday d nigryeBlcrtageday t
tamsmtki meyIg)an d 800t rUbmncmaycr
cMeBaHkareRbIryeBl t 8h eyIg)an
cmaycr d 800km/ h 8h 6400km
dUcenH ebIeRbIryeBl*em:agenaHynehaHcr)ancmay
6400km .
a
5000
7
`
24
-TMBrTI 35 rkfedImrbs;eTacRkyanynenaH
-TMBrTI 40
eRkayBIbBaHtm 15% enAsl;RtwmEt 846000 erol

85
eyIg)an
100
naM[ R)ak;edIm R)ak;eRkayBIbBaHtm 100

85
`
dUcenH fedImmunbBaHtmKWRbEhl 995294 erol .
-TMBrTI 36 k> rkkarR)ak;RtUvsgFanaKarTaMgGs;
cMnYnR)ak;srubKW P 24000000 `
GRtakarR)ak; R 16 / ryeBlxI T 4 qaM
tamrUbmn I PRT
100
846000
100
995294.118
85
24000000 16 4
15360000
100
`
dUcenH karR)ak;RtUvsgFanaKarTaMgGs;KW15360000 `.
x> rkcMnnY R)ak;srubEdlRtUvsgFanaKarvij
R)ak;srubRtUvsgFanaKarvijKW R)ak;xI nigR)ak;kar
eyIg)an 24000000 15360000 39360000 `
dUcenH R)ak;srubRtUvsgFanaKarvijKW 39360000 ` .
-TMBrTI 38 rkkarR)ak;smas
-karR)ak;enAqaMTI!
P 2700000 ` / T 1 qaM / R 20
20
1 540000 `
naM[ I 2700000 100
-karR)ak;enAqaMTI@
P 2700000 540000 3240000 `
T 1 qaM / R 20
20
1 648000 `
naM[ I 3240000 100
naM[ karR)ak;smas b karR)ak;srubKW
I I I 540000 648000 1188000 erol
dUcenH karR)ak;smasKW I 1188000 erol .
RtUvyl;emeron[)anc,as; Camunsin .
emeronTI$ rgVas;rgVal;
-TMBrTI 44 KNnamaDrbs;ExSePIg
tamrUbmn
Et
d 2
4
d
naM[
V
l
4
eday d 2cm 0.02m / l 200m / 3.14
eK)an V 3.14 40.02 200 0.0628 m
dUcenH maDrbs;ExSePIgKW V 0.0628 m .
-TMBrTI 46 KNnama:sRkdasEdleKRtUvkar
pRkLaRkdasrammYysnwkKW
2
V S l
S 210mm 297mm
210 10 3 m 297 10 3 m
62370 10 m
pRkLaRkdasmYyr:amKW mYyr:amman 500 snwk

500 62370 10 6 m 2 31185 10 3 m 2
25
pEdlxatkg mYyr:am 4% KW
-TMBrTI 49 KNnaryeBleTIbenAPMeBjsgwmfaePg
4
31185 10 3 m 2 1247.4 10 3 m 2
100
tamrUbmn v dt naM[ t dv
eday d 230 km
nig v 6m / s 6sm 6 101
pRkdassrub edIm,Ikat;)anRkdasmYyr:amKW
31185 10 3 m 2 1247.4 10 3 m 2 32432.4 10 3 m 2
m:asRkdassrubedIm,Ikat;)anRkdasmYyr:amKW
km
h
3600
3600 6 10 3 km
21.6km / h
h
230km
t
10h 38mn 53s
21.6km / h
80 10 3 32432.4 10 3 2.6 kg
m:asRkdassrubedIm,Ikat;)anRkdas 95340 r:amKW
naM[
dUcenH ryeBlEdlraCFanIPeM BjsgwmfaePgKW
dUcenH m:asRkdasEdlRtUveRbIKW 247884 kg .
-TMBrTI 48 KNnaR)ak;EdlBUsuxTijEdkTaMgBIrmuxenaH 10h 38mn 53s !0 em:ag nig $0 naTI .
maDEdk ^lIcMnYnmYyedIm EdlmanRbEvg 12m
emeronTI% kenSamBICKNit
d
3.14 6 10
V
l
12
4
4
-TMBrTI 52 bBaak;emKuN nig GefrnkFa
3.3912 10 m
kFa 2 3 yt man 2 3 CaemKuN nig y , t CaGefr.
maDEdk ^lIcMnYn 200 edIm
-TMBrTI 52 kenSamBICKNitNaCakFa kg cMeNam
V 200 3.3912 10 m 200
2.6 kg 95340 247884 kg
3 2
1 2
2
x y , 3x 2 2 , 25 a 4 bc 2 , zx 2 a 3b 4
5
3
1 2
zx 2 a 3b 4
x y
5
0.067824 m 3
maDEdk !0lIcnM nY mYyedIm EdlmanRbEvg 12m

d
3.14 10
V
l
12
10
kenSamBICKNitCakFaKW
nig
eRBaH
vamanEtviFIKuN nigsVyKuN .
-TMBrTI 52 eRCIserIskFadUcKa kgbNakFa
1
xy , 2 x y , ay , 3ax , 2 xy , xy .
2
2 2
4
9.42 10 4 m 3
maDEdk ^lIcMnYn 200 edIm

V10 20 9.42 10
m 20
3
kFadUcKaKW 12 xy nig xy eRBaH kFaTaMgBIrman

EpkGefr xy dUcKa .
-TMBrTI 53 kMNt;Gefr nigdWeRknkFa
k> 12 xyz man x , y , z CaGefr nig dWeRk 1 1 1 3
x> 8x yz man x , y , z CaGefr nig dWeRk 3 1 2 6
K> 14 man GefrkMNt;min)an nig dWeRkesI 0 sUn
X> 21ab c man a , b , c CaGefr nig dWeRk 1 4 1 6
g> 3x y z man x , y , z CaGefr nigdWeRkesI 9
c> axyz man a , x , y , z CaGefr nigdWeRkesI 4 .
0.01884 m 3
naM[maDEdkTaMgGs;EdlKat;)anTijKW
0.067824 m3 0.01884 m3 0.086664 m3
eday 7874kg / m
kg esovePABumd< ak;xus 7.874g / m
naM[m:assrubrbs;EdkKW
3
m V 7874 0.086664 682.39kg
edayEdk 1kg 2800 ` enaHtmEdkTaMgGs;KW

682.39 2800 1910700 `
dUcenH R)ak;EdlBUsuxRtUvcMNayKW 1910700 erol .
26
-TMBrTI 54 KNna
K> 3x
1
y2
2
1
3x 2 y , y
2
k> 5x y 3x y 5 3x y 2x y
x> 3ac b 4ac b 7ac b 6ac b
K> ax y 3ax y 1 3ax y 4ax y
X> y c b 3 y c b 8 y c b 6 y c b
g> 5x y 3x y 5 3x y 2x y
c> 12 ac b 12 ac b 7ac b 7ac b .
-TMBrTI 55 KNna
k> 5xy x y 5x y 5x y
x> ab c 4ac babc 4a b c
K> 12 ab 3a b 32 a b
X> 4 y c b 8 yc b 32 y c b
g> 5x 14 x 7 7 45 x
2
3 2
1 2
2 3
3 2
31
4 6
x>
2 x 2 x 2 3x 2 x 1 4
2 1x 2 3 2x 1 4
x 2 5x 4
M N 2 x 2 3x 1 x 2 2 x 4
X>
xyz 3
xy 11 z 32 xy o z 1 xz
2
yz
g>
c>
2 1x 2 3 2x 1 4
3x 2 x 3
x> M 12a
3 11 124
3 o 8
3 8
a b
ab
b
2
2
2
nig N 9a 4ab 25
2ab 54 9a 4ab 25
2ab 54
12a 2 2ab 54 9a 2 4ab 25

21a 2 2ab 29
M N 12a 2 2ab 54 9a 2 4ab 25
12a 2 2ab 54 9a 2 4ab 25

3a 2 6ab 79
K> M 12 xy
man x , y CaGefr nigman 3 tYKW

6 x , 2 xy nig 4 .
x> 3ab 3x b man a , b , x CaGefr nigman 3 tYKW
3ab , 3x nig b .
2 xy 4
M N 12a 2
-TMBrTI 57 kMNt;Gefr nigcMnYntYnBhuFa

3
2 x 2 x 2 3x 2 x 1 4
ax 7 b 5
a11 x 7 5 b 53 a o x 2 b 2 x 2 b 2
5 3
ax b
81
81z 12b 3 3z 12b z 1212b 31 27 z o b 2 27b 2
3
k> 6x
2 x 3x 1 x 2 x 4
x 3n
x x 2 n x 3n2 n x 32 n x n
x
xy 4 m
xy 4 m xy m m x11 y 4 mm x o y 3m y 3m
xy
3ab12 2ab 4
2n
K>
2 x 2 3x 1 x 2 2 x 4
-TMBrTI 56 KNnaplEck
k>
1 3 6 9
1 2 3 1 2 3 2 3
ac b ac b ac b a c b
4
2
2
3n
c>
man x , y CaGefr nigman 3 tYKW
3 2
nig 2 .
-TMBrTI 58 R)ab;dWeRknBhuFaxageRkam
k> x x 3 mandWeRkesnI gw 2 .
x> 34 x 3 mandWeRkesnI gw 1 .
K> a 2ab c d mandWeRkesInwg 3 .
X> 2x 4x mandWeRkesnI gw 2 .
-TMBrTI 59 KNna M N nig M N
k> M 2x 3x 1 nig N x 2x 4
M N 2 x 3x 1 x 2 x 4
3 2
3 2
27
2 xy 3
nig N 32 xy
12 xy 16
1
3
M N xy 2 2 xy 3 xy 2 12 xy 16
2
2
2
2 xy 10 xy 19
1
3
M N xy 2 2 xy 3 xy 2 12 xy 16
2
2
xy 2 14 xy 13
-TMBrTI 60 KNnaplKuN nigbRgmlTplebIGaceFV)I an

k> 2x 2x 3x 1 4x 6x 2x
x> ab a 2ab a a b 2a b a b
K> a 2aba b a a b 2a b 2ab
2
X> 9a 25a ab 9a 9a b 25a

g> 1 xy 2 xy 3 1 x y 3 xy
2
2
3
3
c> xy 12xy 16x y 7 y
2
1 11 1 0
2 12 1 3
3 23 2 5
4 34 3 7
5 45 4 9
a a b 2ab
3
eFVRI bmaNviFbI nbnab;
-TMBrTI 66 kmSanKNitviTa
25ab
x 3 y 3 7 xy 2 xy 4 12 x 3 y 2 84 xy 12 xy 3
16 x 2 y 112 16 y 2
-TMBrTI 62 eFVRI bmaNviFIEckxageRkam
k> a b 2ab ab a b ab 2ab ab

x> 5x y 2x y 12x y x y
2
K> 6x
X> a
5x 4 2 x 1
a 2 6a 55 a 5a 11
a 11
a 5
a 5
2a 3b
2a 3b 2a 2 3 2ab 9b 2
3
2 2a 3 27b 3
edayeRbIrUbmn a b a 2ab b
k> b 2a b 4ab 4a
x> 5x 2 y 25x 20xy 4 y
K> 6x 4 36x 48x 16
X> a 5 a 10a 25
.
-TMBrTI 65 BnatkenSamxageRkam
edayeRbIrUbmn a b a 2ab b
k> x 2 y x 4xy 4 y
x> 5b y 25b 10by y
K> x 4 y x 8xy 16 y
X> 15 a 5 251 a 2a 25
.
2
2
6a 55 a 5
6 x 2 5 x 4 2 x 13x 4
3x 4
2 x 1
2x 1
2
5 y 2 xy 12
2
segteXIjfa cemyI CacMnYnKt;ess )anBIplbUkBIr

cMnYnKt;tKa KWktaTI! ktaTI@es!I ehIy ! CaFatuNWt
cMeBaHRbmaNviFKI uN fak;TI&> TMBrTI *.
edayeRbIrUbmn a b a 3a b 3ab b
k> x 2 y x 6x y 12xy 8 y
x> x 3 y x 9x y 27 xy 27 y
K> 3x 4 y 27 x 108x y 144xy 64 y
1
3
3
X> 15 a b 125
a
a b ab b
25
5
edayeRbIrUbmn a b a 3a b 3ab b
k> 3x 2 y 27 x 54x y 36xy 8 y
x> 2x y 8x 12x y 6xy y
K> 2x y dUclMhat; x> RbEhlCaeKRcLM
1
3
3
X> 15 t k 125
t
a k ak k
25
5
edayeRbIrUbmn a ba ab b a b
k> a 1a a 1 a 1 a 1
x> x 3x 3x 9 x 3 x 27
K> 2x 14x 2x 1 2x 1 8x 1
X> esovePARcLM BnatecHEt)an kbE:u nxusvtbMNg
EkBI 2a 3ba 3 2a 9b eTACa
6 56 5 11
7 67 6 13
8 7 8 7 15
9 89 8 17
10 910 9 19
28
emeronTI^ kenSamsniTan
edayeRbIrUbmn a ba ab b a b
k> a 1a a 1 a 1 a 1
x> x 3x 3x 9 x 3 x 27
K> 2x 14x 2x 1 2x 1 8x 1
X> esovePARcLM BnatecHEt)an kbE:u nxusvtbMNg
EkBI 2a 3b2a 3 2a 9b eTACa
2
tag S CapRkLargVg;mankaM r enaH S r

nig S CapRkLakaermanRCug x enaH S x
eyIg)anpleFob SS xr
2a 3b 2a 3 2ab 9b
-TMBrTI 75 rkpleFobpRkLargVg; nigpRkLakaer
dUcenH eyIg)anpleFobRkLapKW
r 2
x2
2a 3b 2 2a 27b
-TMBrTI 76 mankenSamsniTan x 4 1
-TMBrTI 70 dak;kenSamxageRkamCaplKuNktadWeRkTI! k> KNnatmelxcMeBaH x 1nig x 1
3
k> x
8x 12 x 2 2 x 4 4 2 4 2 12
cMeBaH
x 2 2 x 4 4 2 16 12
enaH
x 1
x 4 4 x 4 2 2
x 4 2x 4 2
x 6x 2
2
4
4
2
1 1 1 1 2
4
4
4
2
2
1 1 11 2
2
cMeBaH x 1 enaH
x> -etImantm x NaEdleFV[I kenSamesIsnU beT ?
x> y 10 y y esovePARcLM GacEkCa
Kantm x NaEdleFV[I kenSamesIsnU eT eRBaH
y 10 y 3 y 2 y 5 25 25 9
kenSamsniTanesIsUnluHRtaEtmanPaKykessI Un .
y 5 16 y 5 4
-etImantm x NaEdleFV[I kenSamKanny beT ?
y 1 y 9
Kantm x NaEdleFV[I kenSamKannyeT eRBaH
b GacEkCa y 10 y 4 y 2 y 8 >>>
kenSamsniTanKannyluHRtaEt vamanPaKEbgessI Un
ebIedaHRsayedayBM)u ac;EkKW
EtPaKEbgesI x 1 0 RKb;tmBitrbs; x .
y 10 y y 2 y 10 y 2 y y 5
-TMBrTI 78 sRmlkenSamsniTanxageRkam
K> n 12n 32 n 2 x 6 6 6 32
k> ba ab b abbaa b 1 a a 1 b
n 2 x 6 6 36 32
2
n 6 4 n 4 2 2
n 6 2n 6 2
n 8n 4
2
X>
x> 55aa 21 aaa21a 5aa 21 5aaa 2
a 2 16 y 64
a 15 a a 1
a 25 a a 2
x y
x y
2
x xz xy zy
x xz xy zy
x y
x y
x x z y x z x x z y x z
x y
x z x y
1
xz
K> Ek
minGacdak;CaplKuNktadWeRkTI!)aneT . Gacdak;
CaplKuNkta)an ebIBMEu mnCadWeRkTI! .
29
eTACa
xz
2
x xz xy zy
xz
xz
x x z y x z x x z y x z
xz
x z x y
1
x y
bGacEkeTACa
X> 63aa 123aa

3
X>
-TMBrTI 81 KNna
k>
6a
3a a 2 a 2
2
18a 6a a 2 2a 3
x>
a2 a 2
2
a 2a 3
a 1a 2
a 1a 3
a2
a3
k> m2m5 m 12 25 manPaKEbgrYm m 5m 5
9a 6a 1 5a 2 aa 2
5a
a 2 4a 4
3a 12 a 25 a
2mm 5 12 2m 2 10m 12
m 5m 5 m 5m 5
2m 2 5m 6
m 5m 5
2m 2 m 3
m 5m 5
5 a a 22
2
3a 1
a 2
x>
x4
x 5x 4
x4
3x 1
3
x 1x 4
3x 3
x>
x 1
x y
x y
2
2
2
x y
x 2 xy y 2
x y
x y
x y x y x y
x y 1
1
x y
1
3 p 5q
5q 3 p
2
2
2
4p q
8 p 4 pq
3 p 5q
4 p2 p q
4p
2 p q 2 p q 3 p 5q 2 p q
2
manPaKEbgrYm 3x
4 x 2 x 3 x 14 x 3
3x 2 x 1
3x 2 x 1
4x 3
3x 2
a2 1
a2
a2 1
a2
2
a 2a 15 a 3 a 3a 5 a 3
k> 4xx38 x 2 4xx32 x 1 2 x 4 3
K>
1
1
1
2
x 1 3x x x 1
3x 2 xx 1 3 3x 2 x 2 x 3
3x 2 x 1
3x 2 x 1
-TMBrTI 80 KNnaplEckkenSamsniTanxageRkam
x>
t2
4t
t 2 4t t t 4
t
t4 t4
t4
t4
5x
5y
5x
5y
x y yx x y x y
5x
5y
x y x y
5 x 5 y 5 x y
x y
x y
-TMBrTI 83 KNna
-TMBrTI 79 KNnaplKuN
k>
4a 3 b 2
6a 5 b 7
3a 2 5a 3a 2 17a 20
3a 5a 4
4a 3 b 2
a3a 5
6a 5 b 7
2a 4
a 2b 5
K>
manPaKEbgrUmY KW
a 3a 5 eK)an
a 1 a 2a 5 a 2 1 a 2 3a 10
a 3a 5
a 3a 5
3a 9
3a 3
3
a 3a 5 a 3a 5 a 5
2
30
X>
-TMBrTI 94 edaHRsaysmIkarxageRkam
x 2 6x 9 x 2 x 2
x 2 3x
x2 4
x 32 x 2x 1
x x 3 x 2 x 2
x 3 x 1
x
x2
k>
dUcenH
manPaKEbgrYmKW
x x 2
x 3x 2 xx 1
x x 2
x>
x 2 5x 6 x 2 x
x x 2
2x 2 6x 6
x x 2
-TMBrTI 84 sRmlkenSamxageRkam
k>
x>
K>
X>
3 y 56 y 41 2 y
3 y 30 5 y 4 8 y
8 y 30 4 8 y
8 y 8 y 4 30
0 y 26
.
2 3 6 12 6 6 12 12 12
CabsnsmIkar .
9 x 4 x 5 6 x
9 x 4 x 20 6 x
5 x 6 x 20
x 20
x 20
k> bIgdgnmYycMnYnEfm @! esnI gw *% .

tag mYycMnYnEdlminsal;enaHedayGefr x
eyIgsresr)ansmIkar 3x 21 85 .
x> KUssBaa kg xagmuxcemIyRtwmRtUv
bsrbs;smIkar 2m 6 12 KW
eRBaH
10 x 12 3 6 x
10 x 6 x 3 12
16 x 9
9
x
16
9
x
16
1
32n 5 12n 30
2
6n 15 6n 15
6n 6n 15 15
0n 0
eXIjfasmIkarxagelI Kantm y NaEdlepgpat;

dUcenH smIkarKanbs .
g> 34x x 3 5 2x KuNGgTaMgBIrnwg !@
-TMBrTI 90 sresrsmIkardWeRkTI!taml,Helx
m 6
x 5
eXIjfasmIkarxagelIepgpat;RKb;tmrbs; n
dUcenH smIkarmanbseRcInrab;minGs; .
emeronTI& smIkardWeRkTI1manmYyGBaat
m 3
CabsnsmIkar .
5
1 1
x 1 x KuNGgTaMgBIrnwg !@
6
4 2
dUcenH
1
3 1
1
3 3 26 6 2
1 1 3 1 3 2 3
2 6
6
5n 1 n 1
5
1
n 1 n 1 n 1n 1
n 1 2n 1
1
2
n 1n 1
n 1 n 1
n 1n 1
5n 1 n 1
n 1n 1 n 1 2n 1
5n 1 n 1 5n 5 n 1
n 1 2n 1 n 1 2n 2
4n 6 6 4n
n3 n3
m 12
8 2x 1 3x 1
8 2 x 2 3x 1
2 x 3x 1 6
x 5
Bit
31
c>
y 12 3 y y 6 KuNGgTaMgBIrnwg @0
X>
5
4
2
4 y 12 15 y 10 y 6
2 x 2 6 x 34x 2 2 x 1 6x 12 x 1
4 x 54 x 2 8 x 4 12 x 2 6 x 12 x 6
36 x 2 36 x 9 0
4 x 552 x 2 22 x 7 0
a2
a 8
naM[ 4 x 5 0
ehIy 52x 22x 7
dUcenH smIkarmanbsBIrKW a 2 , a 8 .
x 2

5
x
4
3
5
x
x
2
4
dUcenH smIkarmanbsBIrKW
K>
b 2 3b 1 43b 1 0
1
, b 2 , b 2
3
eday
enaH
b 3
b 2
b 2
5x 12 0
, x 0
2
5x 1 x 1 9 0
2
4
1
9
2
25 x 1 x 0
2
4
5
x
4
2
Canic
dUcenH smIkarmanbsEtmYyKt;KW
.
lMhat;enH ebIcab;BIfa k;T9I eTAKWgayRsYledIm,I edaHRsay eRBaHeKmanviFICak;lak;KW DIsRKImINg; EtenH
eyIgedaHRsaytamkRmityl;dwgrbs;ssi Sfak;TI 8 .
dUcenH smIkarmanbsbIKW
b
5
4
1
9
2
25 x 1 x
2
4
naM[
3b 1b 2 4 0
3b 1b 2b 2 0
naM[
2 26 x 2 11x
2
1
1 7
2 25 x 2 10 x 1 x 2 x 1
4
4 2
1
4 1 14
2
25 x 1 x
2
4
b 2 3b 1 43b 1
3b 1 0
b20
b20
4x 5
3x 42 x 12
3x 42 x 12 0
3x 4 x 13x 4 x 1 0
2 x 34 x 5 0
naM[
9 4x 2 4x 1 0
a 3 5a 3 5 0
a 2a 8 0
2 x 3 0
4 x 5 0
2x 1 32 x 14x 12 6x 12 x 1
2
92 x 1 0
x>
dUcenH smIkarmanbs y 12 .
k>
a 3 25 0
a 2 0
a 8 0
8x 1 272 x 1 0
4 y 48 15 y 10 y 60
19 y 10 y 60 48
9 y 108
108
y
9
y 12
naM[
8x 1 272 x 1
32
-TMBrTI 100 rkcMnnY sisSTaMgGs;enAkgfak;eron
eKfa x 0 Cabsrbs;vsi mIkar 6x 1 4 x Edr .

dUcenH vismIkarTaMgBIrmansMNuMbs x 0 dUcKa enaHva
CavismIkarsmmUlKa .
-TMBrTI 107 edaHRsayvismIkar nigbkRsaycemyI tam
bnat;cMnYn
k> 3x 2 2x 5
tag x CacMnnY sisSTaMgGs;enAkgfak;eron

tambRmab;RbFaneyIgsresr)ansmIkar
1
2
x x8 x
3
5
eyIgedaHRsaysmIkaredayKuNGgTaMgBIrnwg 15
eyIg)an 5x 6x 120 15x
epgpat;
11x 120 15 x
15 x 11x 120
120
x
30
4
1
2
30 30 8 30
3
5
3x 6 2 x 5
3x 2 x 5 6
x 11
bkRsaycemyI tambnat;cMnnY
2 1 0 1 2

x
10 12 8 30
Bit
dUcenH cMnYnsisSenAkgfak;TaMgGs;KW 30 nak; .
x>
emeronTI* vismIkardWeRkTI1manmYyGBaat
eyIg)an
40
1 0
x 4 5x 5
5 x x 4 5
4 x 9
9
x
4
b 0 1 RtwmRtUv
eKfa x 0 Cabsrbs;vsi mIkar 4 x 3x 1 2x .
0
1 4 0
6
dUcenH RKb;tmrbs; x CabsnvismIkar.

-TMBrTI 111 edaHRsayvismIkar nigbkRsaycemIytam
bnat;cMnYn
k> 23 3 x 4 5x 1
0 0 1 0
eyIg)an
0
0
1
3
2
-ebIeyIgcMnYs x 0 kg vismIkar
2 x 2x 1
2x 2x 2
2x 2x 2
0x 2
kg vismIkar 4 x 3x 1 2x
x
1 4 x
6
2 1 0 1 2
nig 6x 1 4 x smmUlKa
x0
vismIkarepgpat;RKb;tmrbs; x
bkRsaycemIytambnat;cnM Yn
42 kg
tamemIlrUbxagsaM enAkg esovePABum< eXIjfaTmn;

rbs;suxa nigcan;NaKW 42 kg Fn;CagTmn;rbs;FIta nig
plIKW x kg . enaHeyIgsresr)anTMnak;TnM gKW
42 kg x kg .
-TMBrTI 105 RsaybBaak;favismIkar 4 x 3x 1 2x
-ebIeyIgCMnsY
dUcenH vismIkarmanbsRKb;tm x EdlFMCagbesI!!.
30 30
-TMBrTI 104 rkTMnak;TMngrvag x kg nig
11 12 13
vijmg
RtwmRtUv
9
4
1 0 1 2
dUcenH vismIkarmanbs x EdltUcCagbesI

33
9
4
.
-
x>
42 x 3x 8 7 x
8 4x 8 4x
4x 4x 8 8
0x 0
75 5a 25 13 35a 21 9 21 2a
375a 325 35a 189 42a
340a 325 189 42a
340a 42a 189 325
vismIkarepgpat;RKb;tmrbs; x
382a 514
514 257
a
382 191
2 1 0 1 2
x
bkRsaycemIytambnat;cMnYn
dUcenH RKb;tmrbs; x CabsnvismIkar .

K>
x x
3x 1
3 3
2x
3x
1
3
9x 2x 3
7x 3
3
x
7
1
x
3
7
KuNGgTaMgBIrnwg#
c>
1
dUcenH vismIkarmancemIy x Edl tUcCag .

X>
KuNGgTaMgBIrnwg ^
dUcenH vismIkarmancemIy t EdlFMCagbesI

g>
x
16
15
5a 13 a
9 2a

7 21 15 25 25
23
5
x 8900
dUcenH kUnRtIRtUvElgelIkcugeRkayy:ageRcInKWcnM nY
8900 k,al.
manPaKEbgrYmKaKW 525
KuNGgTaMgBIrnwg 525
8900 9200 9000 x

9000
4
27100 x
9000
4
27100 x 36000
x 36000 27100
16
15
dUcenH vismIkarmancemyI m EdltUcCag 235 .

-TMBrTI 112 rkcMnnY kUnRtIElgelIkcugeRkay
tag x CacMnnY kUnRtIElgelIkcugeRkay
bRmab; mFmnkUnRtITaMg$muxy:ageRcIn 9000 k,al
eyIgsresr)anvismIkar
12t 3t 18 2
15t 16
16
t
15
KuNGgTaMgBIrnwg*
x
3
7
1
t
2t 3
3
2
2 12t 18 3t
3m 1
m 1
3
8
4
3m 1 24 2m 1
3m 3 24 2m 2
3m 2m 26 3
23
m
5
1 191
257
dUcenH vismIkarmancemyI a EdltUcCagbesI 191
.
1
257
34
-TMBrTI 121 sg;RkabnsmIkarxageRkam
emeronTI( bg;kGU redaennigRkab
k> y x 5 GacsresrCarag y x 5
tmelxRtUvKan x nig y KW xy 32 41
-TMBrTI 117 edAcMNuckUGredaendUcxageRkam

A: x 5 , y 3
B : x 2 , y 4
C : x 4 , y 2
D: x 0 , y 5
E : x 5 , y 3
F:x3, y 0
0 1
5 6
y x5
y
D
O
C
x> y x 11 GacsresrCarag
tmelxRtUvKan x nig y KW
y x 11
y x 11
x 8 6 4 2
y 3 5
7
9
bBaak; yk 12 CargVas;kta mannyfaenAeBlGkKUs

enAelIRkdasRkLa GkRtUvyk mYyRkLaesnI gw BIrkta
eFVEI bbenH edIm,IecosvagkarcMNayRkLaeRcIn .
-TMBrTI 119 KUsRkabtagsItuNPaB
f
sI>PaB
10
374
382
397
398
395
39
38
37
371
368
RkabtagsItN
u PaB
K> 2x y 8 GacsresrCarag
y
y 2 x 8
x
y
1
6
2
4
3
2
y 2 x 8
39
38 o
X>
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
y
3x 4 y 10
naM[
10
35
4 y 3x 10
3
5
y x
4
2
-
4
0
2
4
x
y
2
1
6
2
emeronTI!0 siti
-TMBrTI 125 Tinn ycMnYnGvtmannsisS$% nak;
3
5
y x
4
2
4 3 0 5 2 2 0 1 6 2 7 6 3 3 0
4 4 2 0 1 4 0 2 1 5 1 6 3 2 5
2 2 4 0 6 3 2 0 1 7 5 0 1 2 3
sg;taragbMENgEckeRbkg;
cM>Gvtman r)ab;cMnnY dg eRbkg;
g>
x 3 y 3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
3y x 3
naM[ y 13 x 1
tmelxRtUvKan x nig y KW xy
y
3 0
0 1
3
2
1
x 1
3
25
43
38
54
g>
3x 15 y 9
x
y
3 2
0 1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
3
y x
5
5
50
52
46
32
51
26
33
42
56
53
47
47
39
34
40
37
42
53
48
56
45
64
61
36
30
57
44
41
49
46
31
54
42
42
39
42
20-25
25-30
30-35
35-40
40-45
45-50
50-55
55-60
60-65
/
///
////
////
////
////
////
////
//
1
3
5
6
10
9
8
6
2
/
////
////
///
/
srub
46 59 45
35 28 58
44 22 55
54
k> erobTinnyCa(fak;kg taragbMENgEckeRbkg;

eyIgsegteXIjfaRKUmanGayutci CageKKW 22 qaM RKUEdl
manGayueRcInCageKKW 64 qaM
naM[ RbEvgcenaHfak; 64 9 22 4.67 eyIgyk 5
enaHeyIgerobcM)antaragbMENkEckeRbkg;dUcxageRkam
fak; cenaHfak; r)ab;cMnnY dg
eRbkg; f
15 y 3x 9
naM[ y 15 x 53
8
6
10
6
5
4
4
2
///
/
////
/
-TMBrTI 128 Tinn yGayuRKUbeRgnenAsalamYyKW
////
////
////
////
////
////
////
//
36
50
x> rkcMnnY RKUbeRgnmanGayutci Cag 50 qaM

tamtaragbMENgEckeRbkg; cMnYnRKUEdlmanGayu
ticCag 50 qaM KWcMnYnRKUTaMgGs; cab;BfI ak;TI!dl;fak;TI^
naM[ cMnnY RKUEdlmanGayutci Cag 50 qaMKWesInwg
1 3 5 6 10 9 34 nak; .
dUcenH RKUbeRgnEdlmanGayutci Cag 50 qaMKW 34 nak;.
-TMBrTI 130 taragTinn y BinKNitviTasisSRbLgqmas
tamrUbmn
x1 f1 x2 f 2 x3 f 3 ... xn f n
f1 f 2 f 3 ... f n
tamryTinnyrbs;tarag eyIg)an
x
0 7 1 8 2 12 ... 9 1 344
3.47
7 8 12 ... 1
99
dUcenH kgmYyeksCamFmmanRkUcsy RbEhl 4 Ep.

-TMBrTI 134 Tinn y bgajBIR)ak;cMNaykg mYys)ah_
6 5 4 8 5 6 8 KitCaBan;erol
kMNt;TItaMgnemdan nigKNnaemdanenaH
Bin x
cM>sisS 2 3 8 9 11 5 2
Tinny eRkayBIerobtamlMdab;KW
k> rkcMnnY sisSTaMgGs;
4 5 5 6 6 8 8 KitCaBan;erol
tamtaragTinny eyIgGackMNt;cnM YnsisSTaMgGs;)an edaycMnnY tYnTinnyesI 7 CacMnYness naM[
naM[ cMnYnsisS 2 3 8 9 11 5 2 40 TItaMgnemdanKWtYTI 7 1 4 nTinn yerobtamlMdab;
2
dUcenH sisSTaMgGs;mancMnYn 40 nak; .
edaytYT$I RtUvnwgR)ak; 6 rab;BIxageqVgk)an saMk)an
x> kMNt;cnM nY sisSEdl)anBintci Cag 70
dUcenH emdan Me 6000 erol .
tamtaragTinny cMnYnsisSEdl)anBinticCag 70 KW
-TMBrTI 135 taragTinn y bgajBIR)ak;ExbuKlki @& nak;
2 3 8 9 11 33 nak;
eFVkI arenARkumhunmYy R)ak;ExKitCamWunerol
dUcenH cMnYnsisSEdl)anBint icCag 70 KW 33 nak;. R)ak;Ex x 67 76 85 96 100 120
K> sg;GsuI Rkamtag[TinnyxagelI
cM>buKlik f 4 9 8 3 2 1
-KNnam:tU Mo
cMnYnsisS
11
tamtaragTinnybgajfa
10
9
R)ak;Ex 760000 erol mancMnYnbuKlki (nak;eRcInCageK
8
dUcenH R)ak;ExCamUt: KW Mo 760 000 erol .
7
6
-KNnamFm x
5
x f x f x f ... x f
4
x
tamrU
b
mn
naM[
3
f f f ... f
20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
60-70
70-80
80-90
1 1
2
1
020
Bin
-TMBrTI 132 eyIgmantaragTinnynEpRkUc 99 eks
kgesovePABum<dak; 100 eks EttamtaragmanEt 99 eks
dUcenH R)ak;ExCamFm
x 830 000
erol .
-KNnaemdan Me
12
24
20
17
rkcMnYnmFmnEpRkUcsykgmYyeks
3 3
67 4 76 9 85 8 96 3 100 2 120 1
x
4 9 8 3 2 1
268 684 680 288 200 120 2240
83
27
27
30 40 50 60 70 80 90
cM>EpRkUcsy x
cM>eks
37
eday eRbkg;srub n 27 CacMnnY ess naM[

TItaMgnemdanKWtYTI 272 1 14 nTinn yerobtamlMdab;
-
edaytYTI 14RtUvnwgR)ak; 850 000 erol

dUcenH emdan Me 850 000 erol .
-TMBrTI 136 TMhMEs,keCIg 9 KUEdleKdak;lk;fenHman
-krNIEdlGacekItmaneLIg kgkareRCIserIsbuKlikBIrnak;
kg cMeNambuKlikTaMg$KW Aa , AB , Ab , aB , ab , Bb
naM[ krNIGac 6 krNI

1
1
1
1
-krNIRsbtambMNgcab;)an Rbusmak; nig narImak;KW
9
10 10 10
11 9 9
10 10
2
2
2
2
Rsb 4
kg esovePABum<dak; 10 KU xus eRBaHCak;EsgmanEt 9 KU manEt AB , Ab , aB , ab naM[krNI
Rsb 4 2

naM[ P narIma k; nigbursmak; cMcMnnYnYnkrNI
Tinny eRkayBIerobtamlMdab;rcY KW
krNIGac 6 3
9 9
1
2
1
1
1
10 10 10 10
10
11
2
2
2
-KNnamFm x
tamrUbmn x x f f x ff
dUcenH sgwmfa cab;eqat)annarImak;bursmak;KW

2
P 0.6667 66.67% .
3
-TMBrTI 145rksgwmEdleKe)aHRKab;Lk Lak;)anelxdUcKa
-RKab;LkLak;manmux ^ enaHeKGacpbKUlTplrbs;va)an
x3 f 3 ... xn f n
1
2 f 3 ... f n
1
1
9 1 9 2 10 3 10 2 111
2
2
x
1 2 3 2 1
9 19 30 21 11 90
10
9
9
1 1
TaMgGs;cnM nY 6 6 36 rebob
naM[ cMnYnkrNIGac 36 krNI
-KUEdlmanelxdUcKaGacCa 1,1 2 , 2 3, 3 4 , 4
dUcenH mFm x 10 .
5 , 5 nig 6 , 6 man^krNI
-KNnaemdan Me
naM[ cMnYnkrNIRsb 6 krNI
edaycMnnY tYnTinn yesI 9 CacMnYness naM[
cMnYnkrNIRsb 6 1

dU
c
enH
P elxdUcKa
9 1
cM
n
Y
n
krNI
G
ac
36 6
TItaMgnemdanKWtYTI 2 5 nTinn yerobtamlMdab;
-TMBrTI 145 sVamImyY KUmanbMNgykkUnbInak;
edaytYT%I RtUvnwgEs,keCIgTMheM lx 10 tYkNaleK
tag s=kUnRsI nig b=kUnRbus
dUcenH emdan Me 10 .
kUnTaMgbIEdlKUsVamImYyKUenHGacmanKW
-KNnam:tU Mo
sss/ ssb/ sbs/ sbb/ bbs/ bsb/ bss/ bbb
Tinny bgajfa Es,keCIgTMheM lx 10 eKdak;lk;cnM nY
naM[ cMnYnkrNIGac 8 krNI
dl;eTA # KU eRcInCageK
KNnaRbU)abEdlKUsVamIman
dUcenH m:Ut Mo 10 .
k> kUndMbUgRsI bnab;Rbus nigcugeRkaykUnRsI
etIeKRtUveRbIGmVI ktag[Tinny enH ?
tamkrNIenHKW sbs manEtmYykrNI
cMeBaH sMNYrenHBMuTan;mankarkPaBKa dUcY enH sUm
naM[ cMnnY krNIRsb 1
CUncemIydl;GkGanenAeBleRkay .
Rsb 1
0.125 12.50%
dUcenH P sbs cMcMnnYnYnkrNI
krNIGac 8
emeronTI!! RbU)ab
x> kUnRsIBIrnak; nigkUnRbusmak;
-TMBrTI 144 rkRbU)abEdlcab;eqat)annarImak;bursmak; kg krNIenHkUnTaMgbIGacCa ssb / sbs / bss
tag A , a CabuKliknarITaMgBIrnak; nig B , b Caburs
manbIkrNI naM[ cMnYnkrNIRsb 3
naM[
38
dUcenH
RsI@Rbus!
cMn Yn krNIRsb
cMn Yn krNIGac
3
0.375 37.50%
8
K> kUnRbusTaMgbInak;
kg krNIenHkUnRbusTaMgbInak;manEtmYykrNIKt;KW bbb
naM[cMnYnkrNIRsb 1
Rsb 1
0.125 12.50%
dUcenH P bbb cMcMnnYnYnkrNI
krNIGac 8
X> kUnTaMgbImanePTdUcKa
kg krNIenHkUnTaMgbIGacCa sss / bbb
manBIrkrNI naM[cMnYnkrNIRsb 2
Rsb 2 1
0.25 25%
dUcenH P ePTdUcKa cMcMnnYnYnkrNI
krNIGac 8 4
g> y:agtickUnRbusmYynak;
kg krNIenHkUnTaMgbIGacCa ssb/ sbs/ sbb/ bbs/
bsb/ bss/ bbb man&krNI
naM[ cMnYnkrNIRsb 7
dUcenH P y:agticb! cMnYnkrNIRsb 78 0.875 87.50%
cMnYnkrNIGac
emeronTI!@ kareRbbeFbRtIekaN
-TMBrTI 148 Bnl;faRtIekaNTaMgBIrminb:nu Ka

RtIekaNTaMgBIrxagsaMman
S D , R E
D
naM[ RCug SR nig RCug DE
S
R
CaRCugRtUvKa
F
eday SR DE mannyfavamanFatuRtUvKaminb:unKa
dUcenH RtIekaNTaMgBIrminb:unKaeT .
-TMBrTI 150 eyIgmanRtIekaN dUcrUbxageRkamEdlman
ABC AED
nig AB AE .
bgajfa ABC AED A
kg RtIekaN ABC nig AED man
-mMu A CamMru mY
D
B
E
C
-RCug AB AE smtki m
-mMu B E smtki m
dUcenH ABC AED tamlkxN m> C> m .
bgajfa AB AE
Rtg;cN
M ucenH eKerobcMRbFanmin)an AB AE Ca
smtki m cuH[bgajeFVGI VIeTot . GkGaccsMNYrepSg
-TMBrTI 151 RsaybMPWf a OAB OAB

O
kg RtIekaN OAB nig
OAB man
-RCug OA OA eRBaH A CacMNucqH n A eFobnwg O

-mMu AOB AOB CamMTu l;kBM Ul
-RCug OB OB eRBaH B CacMNucqH n B eFobnwg O
dUcenH OAB OAB tamlkxN C> m> C .
-TMBrTI 153 eRbbeFob RZT VWS
kg RtIekaN RZT nig VWS man
Z
R
-RCug ZR WV smtikm
S
-RCug TZ SW smtikm
ehIy SR TV smtikm
T
-naM[RCug RT VS
V
W
dUcenH RZT VWS tamlkxN C> C> C .
-TMBrTI 154 bgajfa BD CE nig BE CD
edaykm<s;KUsecjBIkMBUl B nigkMBlU C A
kat;RCug AC nig AB Rtg; D nig E erogKa
D
naM[ BDC CaRtIekaNEkgRtg; D E
nig CEB CaRtIekaNEkgRtg; E . B
C
kg RtIekaN BDC nig CEB man
-GIube:U tnus BC rYmKa
-mMu EBC DCB mMu nRtIekaNsm)at ABC
dUcenH RtIekaNEkg BDC CEB tamlkxN G> m
vi)ak naM[)anFatuRtUvKa
39
BD CE
nig BE CD .
-
-TMBrTI 156 bgajfa
MD ME
enaH
-TMBrTI 163 bgajfa AB BC AC AD BE CF
B C
A
edaytamcMNuc M eKKUsbnat;
D
E
EkgeTAnwgRCug AB nig AC
Rtg; D nig E erogKa
B
C
M
naM[ BDM CaRtIekaNEkgRtg; D
nig CEM CaRtIekaNEkgRtg; E .
kg RtIekaNEkg BDM nig CEM man
-GIube:U tnus MB MC eRBaH M kNal BC
-RCug MD ME smtki m
dUcenH RtIekaNEkg BDM CEM tamlkxN G> C
vi)ak Taj)anFatuRtUvKa B C .
-TMBrTI 159 bgajfa BD BC
EksmtikmBI AB AC AD eTACa AB AC BD
eRBaH edIm,I[RtUvnwgsmtki mrbs;rbU B
EdlmanbgajRsab;
tamsmtikm ABC BAC D A
C
naM[ RCugQmrbs;va AC BC
eday AB AC BD smtki m
enaHnaM[ BD BC
dUcenH BD BC .
-TMBrTI 161 tamkrNIRCugnImYyKUs)anRtIekaN beT?
k> 12 , 11 , 17 KUs)anCaRtIekaNeRBaH
17 12 11 17 12 5 11 29 Bit
17 11 12 17 11 6 12 28 Bit
12 11 17 12 11 1 17 23 Bit .
x> 1 , 2 , 3 KUsmin)anCaRtIekaNeT eRBaH
2 1 3 2 1 1 3 3 minBit
K> 4.7 , 9 , 4.1 KUsmin)anCaRtIekaNeT eRBaH
0.6 9 8.8
minBit .
F
B
-enAelITRmr BC man AD CaGgt;Ekg nig AB CaGgt;

eRTt enaHnaM[ AB AD 1
-enAelITRmr AC man BE CaGgt;Ekg nig BC CaGgt;
eRTt enaHnaM[ BC BE 2
-enAelITRmr AB man CF CaGgt;Ekg nig AC CaGgt;
eRTt enaHnaM[ AC CF 3
edaybUkGgnigGg 1 2 3 eK)an
AB AD
BC BE
AC CF
AB BC AC AD BE CF
dUcenH AB BC AC AD BE CF .
emeronTI!# ctuekaN
-TMBrTI 174 rkRbePTnctuekaN ABDC

-eday O CacMNuckNal BC
naM[ OB OC
-ehIy OA OD eRBaH
A
M ucqHn A eFobnwg O
D CacMN
D
/
/
O
C
enHmannyfa O CacMNuckNalGgt; BC nig AD

naM[ ctuekaN ABDC manGgtR; TUgRbsBVKaRtg;cMNuc
kNalerogKa dUcenH ctuekaN
-TMBrTI 176 bgajfa
ABDC CaRbelLRkam.
CAD BDA
A
BDA
Binit CAD nig RtIekaN
RtIekaNTaMgBIrmanFatu
C
D
-RCug AD CaRCugrYm
-RCug CD BA RCugQmKanctuekaNEkg ABCD
4.7 4.1 9 4.7 4.1
naM[
40
-RCug AC BD eRBaH AC , BD CaGgt;RTUgn

ctuekaNEkg ABCD
dUcenH CAD BDA tamlkxN C> C> C
vi)ak eyIg)anFatuRtUvKa CAD BDA .

-TMBrTI 179 KNnargVas;muM DAB nig BDC
B
eday ABCD CactuekaNesI

nig smtki mrbs;rUbeyIg)an
tamrUbmn S 12 d d naM[ d 2dS

edayGgt;RTUgEvg d 30cm / pRkLa S 120cm
eyIg)an d 2 30120 240
8cm
30
eyIgKUsrUb)an
8cm
dUcxagsaM
30cm
tamRTwsbI TBIkarKr
naM[RCugctuekaNesI a 302 82 241 cm
2
AB AD BC CD BD
naM[ ABD nig BCD CaRtIekaNsmgS

dUcenH DAB BDC 60 .
AB 9 cm , AD 6 cm , BK 8 cm
xcm
8cm
9cm
x> KNnapRkLa nigbrimaRt

B
k> KNnapRkLaRbelLRkam ABCD

tamrUbmn
B
2
30
26
30
50
1
S 25 50 26 30 2
2
975 900 1875
6 8 48 cm 2
S ABCD 48 cm 2
25
28
-pRkLa
S b h AD BK
dUcenH pRkLaRbelLRkam
x> KNnatm x
10 cm
72
10 x
3
x 24 10 14 m
241 cm
6 cm S 72 cm
k> KNnatm x
tamrUbmnpRkLactuekaNBay D x cm
1
1
S b b h b 72 10 x 6
2
2
-TMBrTI 190 ABCD CaRbelLRkamman
6cm
-TMBrTI 193
emeronTI!$ pRkLaBhuekaN
dUcenH rgVas;RCugnctuekaNesIKW a
-brimaRt
P 28 50 3 30 25
103 90 193
pRkLaRbelLRkamGacrktamm:ageTotKW
S b h CD BH 9 x 9 x cm
eyIg)an 9 x 48 x 489 163 cm
2
emeronTI!% rgVg;
-TMBrTI 198 KUsrgVg; ebIeK[ AB 6 cm
dUcenH tmKNna)anKW x 16 / 3 cm .
k> C A , 2cm nig CB , 4cm
-TMBrTI 191 KNnargVas;RCugnctuekaNesI

lMhat;enHerobcM)anl kb:uEnB)Mu anKitGMBsI mtPaBmanRsab;rbs;
sisS eRBaHeyIgGacrkrgVas;RCugnctuekaNeseI nHtamviFIgayCag
eK KWRTwsbI TBItaKr EtsisSBMmu ancMeNHdwgGMBI RTwsIb TBItaKreT
eyIgrkRbEvgGgt;RTUgtUcCamunsin
41
x> C A , 3cmnig CB , 5cm
tag G CacMNucRbsBVrvagemdan
danTaMgBIr d nig d
-edAcMNuc A elI d eday[
2
AG AA
3
BG
-TMBrTI 200 etIGksndi any:agNacMeBaHF AB nigF CD

B
A
O
C
eRkayBIeRbIra: b:TredIm,Ivas;mMpu it TaMgBIreyIgeXIjfa

mMu AOB COD enaHeyIgsnidan)anfa
F AB CD eRBaHmMFu Q
M mnwgFFM .
-TMBrTI 203 bgaj AB CD B
eyIgman AD CaGgt;pit enaHva
O
EckFr gVg;CaBIrEpkb:nu Ka KW
A
ACD ABD bGacsresr)anCa
AC CD AB BD !
m:ageTot AB // CD naM[ AC BD
Taj)an BI! KW CD AB
naM[GgtF; rbs;vaKW CD AB
dUcenH AB CD .
B d
2
BB
3
B
D
-BinitctuekaN ABCB man

AB // BC
naM[ ctuekaN ABCB CaRbelLRkam
AB // BC
Taj)an AB BC 1
-BinitctuekaN CACB man
C A // BC
naM[ ctuekaN C ACB CaRbelLRkam
AC // C B
Taj)an CA BC 2
-tam 1 & 2 naM[ CA AB *
BC
-eday BAHC // BC
AH BC * *
tam * & ** eXIjfa AH Ekgnwg BC Rtg;

cMNuckNal
dUcenH AH CaemdaTr nGgt; BC .
emeronTI!^ bnat;nigGgt;BiessCYbkg RtIekaN
-TMBrTI 206 sg;cMNuc C Edlbnat; d nig d Ca

emdanBIrn ABC
eyIgsg;cMNcu C tamrebobdUcxageRkam
-KUsbnat; AB nigbnat; BA enaHeyIg)ancMNcu

RbsBVrvagbnat;TaMgBIKWCacMNuc C EdlRtUvedA .
-TMBrTI 208 RsaybBaak;fabnat; AH CaemdaTr
nGgt; BC
ENnaM EkRtg;cMNcu >>>kat;Ka Rtg; A . >>> mkCa
>>>kat;KaRtg; A . >>>
tambRmab;RbFaneyIgGacKUs)anrUbdUcxageRkam
-edAcMNuc B elI d eday[

K> C A , 1cm nig CB , 2cm
42
-TMBrTI 210 RsaybMPWf a O CacMNuckNalnGgt; HH

A
emeronTI!& rUbFrNImaRtEdlmanvimaRtbI
-TMBrTI 217 KNnapRkLaxag nigpRkLaTaMgGs;

k> RBIsRtg;RtImux
-pRkLaxag
BinitctuekaN AHCH man
S l 8.5 8 6 8 6 8
AH DC
CH AB AH // CH
AB // CD
68 48 48 164mm2
- pRkLaTaMgGs;
CH AD
AH BC AH // CH
AD // BC
St Sl 2B
1
164 2 6 6
2
2
200mm
naM[ ctuekaN AHCH CaRbelLRkam

Edlman AC nig HH CaGgtR; TUg nigRbsBVKaRtg;
cMNuc O mannfa OH OH .
dUcenH O CacMNuckNalnGgt; HH .
-TMBrTI 212 KNnaCadWeRknrgVas;mMu BIC
8mm
6mm
Sl 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
16 16 16 16
ktap
- pRkLaTaMgGs;
St Sl 2B
4
4
64 24 4
x
x
ktap
-TMBrTI 220 BIr:amItman)atCactuekaNEkg
k> ehtu)anCaBIr:amItenHBuMEmnCa
25
BIra: mItctumuxniyteRBaH pnmux
rbs;vaminesIKa edaysarEtvaman
14
30
)atCa ctuekaNEkg BMEu mnCakaer.
x> KNnapRkLaxag
edayGnuvtnR_ TwsIbTBItaKrkgRtIekaNEkgedIm,Irkkm<s;
-cMeBaHRtIekaNEdlman)atesI 14 KW
96
-kg ABC man A B C 180

b 90 2x 2 y 180
o
x y 45o
-kg BIC man BIC IBC ICB 180

b BIC x y 180
BIC 180 o x y
BIC 180 o 45o
BIC 135o
BIC 135o
64
yy
dUcenH rgVas;mMu
8.5mm
x> RBIsRtg;ctumuxmux
-pRkLaxag
6mm
14
25 625 49 576 24 2 24
2
2
-cMeBaHRtIekaNEdlman)atesI 14 KW
2
30
25 2 625 225 400 20 2 20
2
43
naM[
k> munKNnamaDeyIgKNna km<sC; amunsin

h 25 7 7 23
naM[ V 13 Bh
14 24 30 20
S l 2
2
336 600
2 2
ktapRkLa .
K> KNnapRkLaTaMgGs;
936
ktap.
-TMBrTI 222 KNnapRkLaTaMgGs;nsUlIt
k> munKNnapRkLaTaMgGs;
24cm
eyIgKNna Gab:EU tmCamunsin
GnuvtRTwsIbTBItaKrkg RtIekaNEkg
20cm
Gab:UEtm s 24 20 4 61 cm
naM[ S S B rs r rs r
eday r 20 cm , s 4 61 cm
eK)an S 3.14 204 61 20
3218 cm .
x> KNnapRkLaTaMgGs;
2
S t S l B rs r 2
r s r
10
10
ktamaD .
-TMBrTI 226 KNnamaDekaNdUcrUbxageRkam
k> KNnamaDekaN
tamrUbmn V 13 r h
6
366.67
1
3.14 32 6
3
ktamaD .
x> KNnakaMrgVg;)atekaNCamunsin
tamRTwsbI TBItakreK)an
56.52
4m
163.28m 2
-TMBrTI 223 KNnamaDnRBIsdUcrUbxageRkam

k> KNnamaDnRBIs
tamrUbmn V a b h
h 2 r 2 132
r 13 2 h 2
5mm
475
169 25
7mm
140 mm3
x> KNnamaDnRBIs
tamrUbmn V Bh
1
10 2 11
3
9m
eday r 4m , s 9m
naM[ S 3.14 49 4
14
ktamaD .
x> munKNnamaDeyIgKNna km<s;mnu sin
h 13 5 5 11
13
naM[ V 13 Bh
25
1502.67
1
14 2 23
3
St Sl B 936 14 30 1356
naM[
4mm
12m
16m
144 12
1
V r 2 h
3
1
3.14 12 2 5
3
753.6
1
12 8 16
2
8m
768 m 3
13
ktamaD .
-TMBrTI 225 KNnamaDnBIr:amItEdlman)atCakaer

dUcrUbxageRkam
44
K> maRtdan 201000
emeronTI!* maRtdan
mannyfaebI 1cm elIEpnTI RtUvnwg 20000cm elIdI

naM[ RbEvg 225 km elIdIRtUvnwg
-TMBrTI 232 sresrpleFobrUbftTaMgBIr

rUbftTaMgBImanTMhM 4cm 6cm nig 12cm 24cm
-cMeBapleFobRbEvgTTwgKW 124 13
225km 22500000cm
1125 cm
20000
20000
dUcenH cmaytagelIEpnTIKW 1125 cm .

X> maRtdan 1001000
-cMeBaHpleFobRbEvgbeNayKW
.
eRkayBI)aneXIjpleFobRbEvgRtUvKa enaHeyIg
segteXIjfa pleFobBMumantmefreTKW 13 14 .
-TMBrTI 233 rkmaRtdannEpnTIenaH
bRmab; bg;EpnTIrbs;sUrieyadI beNaycMkarGMeBAmYy
manRbEvg 3.5cm elIEpnTIRtUvnwg 70m nRbEvgBit
.5cm
3.5cm
1
naM[ maRtdanEpnTIKW 370
m 7 000cm 2 000
6 1
24 4
1
dUcenH EpnTIenaHmanmaRtdan 2 000
b
1/ 2 000

225km 22500000cm
225 cm
100000
100000

g> cMeBaHmaRtdanxagelI edIm,I[pvfl;manvimaRt
smrm eyIgeRCIsykmaRtdan 1001000 eRBaH
manEtmaRtdanenHeT EdlRtUvkarTMhRM kdastUc eFVI[

RbEvgpvfl;manRbEvgsmrmCageKKWRtwmEt 225 cm .
-TMBrTI 234 Rtg;RbtibtienH vaGaRsyeTAelIEpnTI

enAtamfak;eronCak;Esg EdlRKUENnaM[sisSsegt .
-TMBrTI 235 etIcmayBit 225 km tag[RbEvgb:unan
enAelIEpnTI ebIeKykmaRtdandUcxageRkam
k> maRtdan 501000
225km 22500000cm
450 cm
50000
50000

x> maRtdan 80 1000
225km 22500000cm
281.25 cm
80000
80000
dUcenH cmaytagelIEpnTIKW 281.25 cm .

45
1 080 000
150 000
120 000
10
2 700 000
450 000
225 000
12
( )
150 000 120 000 10 1080 000

150 000 1200 000 1080 000
1350 000 1080 000 270000
-

270000 100%
25%
1080000
270 000 25%
. ...
( )
450 000 225000 12 2 700 000

450 000 2 700 000 2 700 000
450 000

450000 100%
16.67%
2700000
450 000
16.67%
46
-TMBrTI 3 rkbskaerncMnYn
-TMBrTI 5 rkbsKUbncMnYn
k> bskaern 0.04

eday 0.04 0.2
naM[ 0.04 0.2
dUcenH bskaern 0.04 KW 0.2 .
x> bskaern 0.01
eday 0.01 0.1
naM[ 0.01 0.1
dUcenH bskaern 0.01 KW 0.1 .
K> bskaern 5
KancMnnY sniTanNaEdlkaerrbs;vaesInwg 5 eT
naM[ bskaerrbs;vaCacMnYnGsniTan
dUcenH 5 Cabskaern 5 .
X> bskaern 1
KancMnnY sniTanNa bGsniTanNa Edlkaerrbs;va
GviCmaneT naM[vaKanbskaereT
dUcenH cMnYn 1 KanbskaerCacMnYnBiteT .
k> bsKUbn 0.008

eday 0.2 0.008
naM[ 0.008 0.2
dUcenH bsKUbn 0.008 KW 0.2 .
x> bsKUbn 0.001
eday 0.1 0.001
naM[ 0.00 0.1
dUcenH bsKUbn 0.001KW 0.1 .
K> bsKUbn 0.08
KancMnnY sniTanNa EdlKUbrbs;vaesInwg 0.08 eT
dUcenH bsKUbn 0.08 KW 0.08 .
X> bsKUbn 0.4
KancMnnY sniTanNa EdlKUbrbs;vaesInwg 0.4 eT
dUcenH bsKUbn 0.4 KW 0.4 0.4 .
-TMBrTI 6 KNnaplKuN
k> 10 0.1 10 0.1 1 1
x> 10 0.1 10 0.1 1 1
-TMBrTI 7 KNnaplEck
k> 7 287 14 12 12
3
g> bskaern
eday
naM[
25
36
25 5

36 6
25 5
36 6
dUcenH bskaern
28
25
36
KW
5
6
x>
c> bskaern 0.1

KancMnnY sniTanNa Edlkaerrbs;vaesnI gw 0.1 eT
naM[ bskaerrbs;vaCacMnYnGsniTan
dUcenH 0.1 Cabskaern 0.1 .
47
5
5
3
0.2
0.2
25
2
K>
10
10
1
1
1

1 000
100
10
1 000
10
X>
3
3
100 3 100 3
3
1 000 3 10 10
0.1
0.1
-TMBrTI 8 beBajmYycMnnY BIr:aDIkal;

k>
x>
c>
5 2
1
2
81 3 27 3 3 33 3 33 3
2
1
1
2
1
2 2
2
25
25
5
5
5
3 2 2 3 2
2 3 3 2 2
3 2 2 3
2 3 3 2
k>
x>
1
1
1
1
3 3
3
3
9
3
3
1
3
eRBaHrUbmn a ba b a
-TMBrTI 11 sRml
5 3 4
5 50 8 32 5 25 2 8 16 2
25 2 32 2 7 2
3 3 52 3 5 4 3 4 2
5P
12 x 12 27 x 27 43x 3 93x 3
2 3x 3 3 3x 3
72a 3 98a 36 2a 3 49 2a
6 2a 21 2a 15 2a
48
3 5 4 3 42
5 4
ab b 2 a 3 b3
3 3 42 3 4 2 3 22
4 3 2
4 2
3 2 2 2 4
3
42 3 4 2 3 22
3 3 16 3 8 3 4
3
5 3x 3
33 25 33 20 63 2
4 3 2
eRBaHrUbmn a ba
3x
3 3 25 3 20 3 16
5P 3 45P 3 5P 3 9 P 2 5P , P 0
5 3 4
3
48 x 27 x 16 3x 9 3x
1 9P
b 2 nig
a bb a a b2 a 2 2ab b 2 .
2 3 121 3 2 3 121 3
8
121 3 8

11 7
7
12111 7
77
11
5P 9 P 5P
2 3 3 3 2 3
2 3
5
125
5 2 3 10
25
25
25
4 3x 3 3x
18 12 6 12
12 18
30 12 6
6
52 6
K> 5
X>
RbEhlRbFanKW 3 13 minEmn
3 3 2
3 3 2
-TMBrTI 9 beBalmYycMnYnkgr:aDIkal;
1
3
3 22 3 3 2 2 3
12 18 2 3 3 2
50 25 2 52 2 5 2
5 2
5 2 5 2
5 2
52
5 2
12 4 3 2 2 3 2 3
3
81 3
27 3 33 3
3
K>
X>
g>
1
1

4
2
-TMBrTI 12 sRml
42
2 6 23 3 3 12
6
3
-TMBrTI 19 rkryeBlEdlTTYl)ansBaaBIPBRBHcn
x> rkcMnnY sisSnqaMenH

tag n CacMnnY sisSsrubbnab;B)I anekIneLIg
bRmab; cMnYnsisSman 800 nak; ehIyekIneLIg 10%
naM[ PaKrynkMeNInKW
tag t CaryeBlEdlTTYlsBaaBIPBRBHcn
tambRmab; eyIg)an
-cmay 186 000 mile eRbIryeBl 1 s
- cmay 240 000 mile eRbIryeBl t s
000 1
naM[ 186
240 000 t
t
n 800
100% 10%
800
n 800
10
8
n 800 80
n 880
240 000
1.29 s
186 000
dUcenH edIm,ITTYlsBaaBIPBRBHcneKRtUv
eRbIeBl t 1.29 s 1.3 s
dUcenH cMnYnsisSqaMenHKWman 880 nak; .

-TMBrTI 25 rkGRtakarR)ak;kg mYyqaM
edayeRbIrUbmn P P 1 r
bRmab; R)ak;edIm P 500 000 `
R)ak;srub P 605 000 `
ryeBl t 2 qaM
eyIg)an 605 000 500 0001 r
-TMBrTI 21 KNnatmdIEdlRtUvlk;
tag x CatmdIEdlRtUvlk; KitCa $

tambRmab; R)ak;kRm 1 800$ RtUvCa 3% nfdI
naM[ 1800$ 3% x
3
x 1 800
100
1 800 100
x
3
60 000 $
dUcenH tmdIEdlRtUvlk;KW
1 r 2 605 000
500 000
1 r
60 000 $
1 r 1.21 , r 0
1 r 1.1
r 0.1
r 10%
-TMBrTI 23 k> KNnaPaKryneRbgsaMg)ancuHf

bRmab; eKbBaHtmeRbgsaMgBI 4 800` mk 4 200`
naM[ PaKryntMhyKW
epgpat;
605 000
Bit
dUcenH GRtakarR)ak;kg mYyqaMKW r 10% .
dUcenH \LveRbgsaMg)anbBaHtm 12.5% .
500 0001 0.1
500 0001.1
500 000 1.21
4 800 4 200
100%
4 800
0.125 100%
12.5%
1.21
49
-TMBrTI 30 KNna
-TMBrTI 34 dak;kenSamxageRkamCaplKuNnkta
x 2 2 x x 3 2 x 1 x 2
x 2 2 x 2 x 6 2 x 1 x 2
x 2 2 x 2 x 6 2 x 4 x x 2
A 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 2 x 1 x 2
-cMeBaH
eday
x 2 5 x 4
dUcenH
-cMeBaH
5 x 4 x 10 x 8
2
5 x 14 x 8
2
B x 1 x 2 xx 1
2
eday
x 2 x 1 x 2 x x 2 x 1
2
dUcenH
-cMeBaH
x 2x 2x 4x x 2 x 2x x
3
2x 2 4x 2
-TMBrTI 31 dak;kenSamxageRkamCaplKuNktarYm
eday
A 6 x 2 x 1 2 xx 1
x 1 6 x 2 2 x
2 xx 13x 1
dUcenH
-cMeBaH
B 3x 1x 2 x x x 2
3x 1x 2 xx 1x 2
x 1x 23 x
2
eday
dUcenH
-cMeBaH
-TMBrTI 33 dak;kenSamxageRkamCaplKuNnkta
A x 2 x 1 4 xx 1 4 x 4
x 2 x 1 4 x x 1 4x 1
x 1 x 4 x 4
2
eday
x 1x 2
x 1x 2x 2
2
dUcenH
-cMeBaH
B 3x 6 4 x 2 1 2 x 4 4 x 2 4 x 1
3x 22 x 12 x 1 2x 22 x 1
x 22 x 132 x 1 22 x 1
eday
x 22 x 16 x 3 4 x 2
x 22 x 12 x 5
dUcenH
50
x 2 4x 5
tamtaragplKuNExVg
x 5
x 1
x 5 x 4 x
.
tamtaragplKuNExVg
x 2 4 x 5 x 5x 1
x 2 2 x 15
x 3
x 5
5 x 3x 2 x
.
tamtaragplKuNExVg
x 2 2 x 15 x 3x 5
x 2 11x 30
x 6
x 5
5 x 6 x 11x
x 2 11x 30 x 6x 5
x 2 2x 8
tamtaragplKuNExVg
x 4
x 2
2 x 4 x 2 x
.
tamtaragplKuNExVg
x 2 2 x 8 x 4x 2
x 2 5x 14
x 2
x 7
7 x 2 x 5x
x 2 5x 14 x 2x 7
2 x 2 5x 3
.
tamtaragplKuNExVg
x 1
2x 3
3x 2 x 5 x
2 x 2 5x 3 x 12 x 3
.
-
-TMBrTI 35 dak;kenSamCaplKuNnkta
-TMBrTI 37 KNna
x 2 6x 7 x 2 6x 9 9 7
x2
x2 b
x 2 25 x 2 20 x 25
x2
x 2 20 x 25
x 5x 5
x2 b
x 3 16
x 3 4x 3 4
x 1x 7
2
eRBaH 16 4 nig a ba b a
2
x 2 5x 6 x 2 5x
b2
a2
a3 a2
B 2
a b aa 2 a 2
manPaKEbgrYmKW xx 1
a 2
1
b
a 2b
EdlktasRml
xx 1 x 1 2 x
xx 1
a 2 a 1
a 2a 1
a 2 0
2
a 0
a 1 0
a 2
a 0
a 1
dUcenH KNna)an B b1 .
x 2 x x 1 2x
xx 1
-TMBrTI 36 KNna
1
2
x x 1
dUcenH KNna)an A xx5xx205xx 25 b
25 25
6
4
4
5 1
x
2 4
5 1
5 1
x x
2 2
2 2
x 3 x 2
x 2 x 2 20 x 25
x 5x 5 x 2 b
x2 1
xx 1
x 2 x 3x 2 2 x 2 x
x 2 x x 1 xx 1
PaKEbgrYm xx 1
x 2 x x3 x 2 2 x 2 x
x x 1
x 2 x 3x 2 2 x 2 x 2 x
x x 1
2x 2 2x
x x 1
x 0
x 0
2 x x 1
,

x x 1
x 1 0
x 1
2
51
k>
6x 2 3x 8
2 x 2 x 8
2x 4 x 8
2 x x 8 4
x 4
x 2 2x 4x 8 0
x x 2 4 x 2 0
x 2x 4 0
x 2 0
x 4 0
x 2
x 4
x>
3x 5 3x 2
3x 5 3x 6
3x 3x 6 5
0x 1
dUcenH smIkarmanbs x 2 , x 4 .
2 x 12 x 32 0
2 x 1 x 32 x 1 x 3 0
x 43x 2 0
Kantm x NaEdleFV[I smIkarepgpat;

dUcenH smIkarKanbs .
K>
x40
3 x 2 0
6 x 4 2 6x 1
6x 4 2 6x 6
6x 4 6x 4
6 x 6 x 4 4
0x 0
x4
x 2 / 3
dUcenH smIkarmanbs x 4 , x 2 / 3 .
3x 2 9 x 0
3 x x 3 0
mantmn x eRcInrab;minGs;Edlepgpat;smIkar
dUcenH smIkarmanbseRcInrab;minGs; .
-cMeBaH 34x 9 2x 15 manPaKEbgrYmKW 4
x0
x 3 0
x0
x 3
dUcenH smIkarmanbs x 0 , x 3
3x 36 2 x 60
3x 2 x 60 36
x 24
2 x 2 3x 5 0
2 x 2 2x 5x 5 0
2 x x 1 5 x 1 0
x 12 x 5 0
-cMeBaH x 6 7 2x2 8 4 manPaKEbgrYmKW 6
x 1 0
2 x 5 0
x 1
x 5 / 2
x 7 32 x 8 24
x 7 6 x 24 24
7 x 7
x 1
dUcenH smIkarmanbs x 1 ,
52
x 5 / 2
-
-TMBrTI 47
k> rkGayurbs;bN
U a
tag x CaGayurbs;bN
U a KitCaqaM
naM[ Gayurbs; m:arI KW x 8 KitCaqaM
bRmab; plbUkGayuGkTaMgBIresInwg 38 qaM
eyIg)an x x 8 38
2 x 8 38
2 x 30
x 15
epgpat; 15 15 8 38
Bit
dUcenH Gayurbs;bN
U aKW x 15 qaM .
x> rkcMnnY enaH
tag x CacMnnY EdlRtUvrkenaH
tambRmab;RbFan enaHeyIgsresr)ansmIkarKW
38 38
2 x 7 3x 27
3x 2 x 7 27
x 34
epgpat;
2 34 7 3 34 27
Bit
dUcenH cMnYnEdlRtUvrkenaHKW 34 .
75 75
53
-TMBrTI 52
cMeBaHvismIkarTI 1 eyIg)an
RsaybBaak;fa ebI a b eK)an a b

eday a nig b CacMnnY viCmanminsUn naM[ a 0 , b 0
cMeBaH a b a ab i KuNnwg a
ehIy a b ab b ii KuNnwg b
tam i nig ii eyIg)an
a ab b naM[ a b
dUcenH ebI a b enaHeK)an a b CaR)akd .
-TMBrTI 55 edaHRsayvismIkar
x
-cMeBaH
cemIyCaRkabKW
27
4
2
x
5
4
x 20
4 x x 4 11
3x 15
x5
dUcenH vismIkarmancemyI x 9
-TMBrTI 56 edaHRsayRbBnvismIkar
7 6 x 5 1
k> 24xx 11
4 x 2
3 0
3 x 5
i
ii
cemIyCaRkabKW
9x 8 4x 3
9 x 4 x 3 8
5x 5
x 1
0 1
cMeBaHvismIkarTI ii eyIg)an
3x 4
2x 1
cemIyCaRkabKW
2
4 x 2 3x 4
4 x 3x 4 2
x 2
2 0
cemyI rYmCaRbsBVncemIyTaMgBIrKW
x
0 1
dUcenH RbBnvismIkarmancemIy
3x 2 4 x 3

4 3
12
0 9
cMeBaHvismIkarTI i eyIg)an
dUcenH vismIkarmancemyI x 1/ 3 .
-cMeBaH 0.37x 0.17 3.5 cemIyCaRkabKW
0.37 x 3.33
3.33
x
0.37
x9
3x 2 4 x 3
4 3 12
3x 4
2x 1
2
x>
1
3
dUcenH RbBnvismIkarmancemIy
dUcenH vismIkarmancemyI x 20 .
-cMeBaH 2x 3 5x 5 cemIyCaRkabKW
2 x 6 5x 5
6 5 5x 2 x
1 3x
1
x
3
3 0
cemIyrYmCaRbsBVncemIyTaMgBIrKW
20
cMeBaHvismIkarTI 2 eyIg)an
cemIyCaRkabKW
4 x 11 4 x
cemIyCaRkabKW
2x 7 6x 5
2x 6x 5 7
4 x 12
x 3
54
2 x 1
-
-TMBrTI 58 k> rktm x EdlRtUvyk
epgpat;
tambRmab;RbFaneyIgcg)anRbBnvismIkar
638 639 640 1918
638 639 640 1914
2x 5 18
2 x 10 18

5 x 50
5 x 50
2x 8
x 4 1

5 x 50
x 10 2
1917 1918
1917 1914
dUcenH cMnYnKt;tKaTaMgbIEdlRtUvrkKW
naM[ cemIyrYmKW 4 x 10
eyIgGacbkRsay cemIyCaRkab tamvismIkarnImyY
cMeBaHvismIkar 1 : x 4 x
x
Bit
Bit
638 , 639 , 640
0 4
cMeBaHvismIkar 2 : x 10
10 x
cemIyrYmCaRbsBVncemIynvismIkar 1 & 2 KW
x
0 4
10 x
epgpat; [ x 5 eyIg)an
25 5 18
20 18

5 5 50
25 50
Bit
Bit
dUcenH vismIkarmancemyI KW 4 x 10 .
x> rkcMnnY Kt;TaMgbIenaH
tag x CacMnnY Kt;TI 1
naM[ x 1 CacMnnY Kt;TI 2 nig x 2 CacMnYnKt;TI 3
tambRmab;RbFan eyIg)an RbBnv ismIkar
x x 1 x 2 1918
x x 1 x 2 1914
3 x 3 1918

3 x 3 1914
3 x 1915

3 x 1911
3 x 1915

3 x 1911
x 638.33

x 637
cMnYnKt;EdlenAcenaH 637 x 638.33 manEtmYy

Kt;KW x 638
naM[ cMnYnTI2KW x 1 639 / cMnYnTI3 x 2 640
55
-TMBrTI 64 sg;Rkabssr
cMnYnkUn cMnYnRKYsar eRbkg;fy eRbkg;eFob eRbkg;eFob

fy f %
f
f%
f
x
eyIgmanTinnycMnYnfEdlbuKlikmin)anbMeBj
kargarkgryeBj 20 f dUcxageRkam
0
1
2
3
4
1 2 0 0 1 2 2 1 0 0
4 0 1 1 3 2 1 3 0 1
eyIg)antaragbMENgEckeRbkg;dUcxageRkam
cMnYnbuKlik eRbkg; f eRbkg;eFob f %
0
1
2
3
4
6
7
4
2
1
4
16
18
6
6
8
32
36
12
12
100
92
60
24
12
k> rkcMnYnRKYsarEdlmankUn 2nak;y:ageRcIn

tamtarageRbkg;ekIn cMnYnRKYsarEdlmankUn 2nak;
y:ageRcInKWman 38 RKYsar.
x> rkcMnnY RKYsarEdlmankUn 2nak;y:agtic
tamtarageRbkg;fy cMnYnRKYsarEdlmankUn 2nak;
y:agticKWman 30 RKYsar.
30
35
20
10
5
20
100
srub
tamtaragbMENgEckeRbkg; eyIgsg;)anRkabssr
eRbkg; f
-TMBrTI 71 sti mi :assisS 200nak;nviTalymYy
7
6
5
4
m:as kg
eRbkg;
30-40
40-50
50-60
60-70
35
45
55
65
k> sg;tarageRbkg;ekIn nigpitfak;
3
2
1
fak;nm:as eRbkg; eRbkg;ekIn pitfak;
cMnYnbuKlki
30-40
40-50
50-60
60-70
-TMBrTI 67 sg;tarageRbkg;ekIn nigeRbkg;fy

eyIgmanTinny Edl x CacMnYnkUn nig f CacMnnY RKYsar
x
f
0 1 2 3 4
4 16 18 6 6
4
20
38
44
50
35
80
135
200
35
45
55
65
eRbkg;ekIn
cMnYnkUn cMnYnRKYsar eRbkg;ekIn eRbkg;eFob eRbkg;eFob

ekIn f %
f
f%
f
x
4
16
18
6
6
35
45
55
65
x> sg;BhuekaNeRbkg;ekIn
eyIgsg;)antarageRbkg;ekIn
0
1
2
3
4
50
46
30
12
6
8
32
36
12
12
200
8
40
76
88
100
150
135
100
80
50
35
eyIgsg;)antarageRbkg;fy
30 40 50 60 70
56
m:as
-
K> rkcMnnY sisS Edlmanm:aseRkam 50 kg

tamtarageRbkg;ekIn cMnYnsisSEdlmanm:aseRkam
50 kg mancMnnY 35 45 80 nak; .
dUcenH cMnYnsisSEdlmanm:aseRkam 50 kg
man cMnnY 80 nak;
.
57
-TMBrTI 77 KNnamFmntaragTinnyxageRkam
-rkemdan m
x 0 1 2 3 4
eyIgerobTinny tamlMdab; 7 8 10 12 13
y 3 6 5 2 2
Tinny mancMnYntYsrubKW n 5
KNnamFm
naM[ TItaMgnemdanKWtY 5 2 1 3
tamrUbmn x x f fx f f ......fx f / f y
tamTinn yerobtamlMdab;rcY tYTI 3 RtUvnwgelx 10
tamtaragTinnyxagelIKW
0 3 1 6 2 5 3 2 4 2
dUcenH rk)anemdanKW m 10 .
x
365 2 2
-rkm:tU m
0 6 10 6 8 30
1.67
18
18
edaym:tU CatmEdlmaneRbkg;eRcInCageK .
dUcenH mFmnTinnyKW x 1.67 .
EtTinnyxagelImaneRbkg;esI1 dUcKaTaMgGs;
-TMBrTI 78 rkemdannR)ak;ebovtSn_KitCaBan;erol
dUcenH TinnyenHKanm:tU eT .
R)ak;ebovtSn_ 200 300 350 700 840 950
-TMBrTI 82 KNnamFm emdan nigm:UtnTinny
6
2
2
1
1
1
eRbkg;
fak; 21-28 28-35 35-42 42-49 49-56 56-63 63-70
eyIgsg;)antarageRbkg;dUcxageRkam
3
7
12
15
12
7
3
1 1
R)ak;ebovtSn_ x eRbkg; f eRbkg;ekIn

200
300
350
700
840
950
6
2
2
1
1
1
13
srub
6
8
10
11
12
13
eRbkg;
tamtaragTinny eyIgsg;)antarageRbkg;ekIn
xf
1200
600
700
700
840
950
4990
fak;
edayTinn y mancMnYntYsrub n 13 CacMnnY ess

naM[ TItaMgn m KWtY 132 1 142 7
tamtarageRbkg; tYTI 7 RtUvnwgTwkR)ak; 300 Ban;erol
dUcenH emdannR)ak;ebovtSn_KW m 300 Ban;erol.
-TMBrTI 79 rkmFm emdan nigm:Ut nTinny
eyIgmanTinn y 10 8 13 12 7
-rkmFm x
tamTinn y x 10 8 135 12 7 505 10
dUcenH rk)anmFmKW x 10 .
e
21-28
28-35
35-42
42-49
49-56
56-63
63-70
3
7
12
15
12
7
3
srub
59
24.5
31.5
38.5
45.5
52.5
59.5
66.5
xf
eRb>ekIn
73.5
220.5
462
682.5
630
416.5
199.5
3
10
22
37
49
56
59
2684.5
-KNnamFm x
.5
45.5
eyIg)an x 2684
59
eRbkg; f pti fak; x
dUcenH KNna)anmFm x 45.5 .

-KNnaemdan m
emdan CatmntYTI 592 29.5
tamtarageRbkg;ekIntYTI 30 sitenAkg fak; 42-49
eyIgKNnaemdantamGaMgETb:ULasg
e
58
naM[ m
42
49 4229.5 22 45.5
37 22
dUcenH KNna)anemdan
me 45.5
-KNnam:tU m
m:tU Catmpitfak;EdlmaneRbkg;eRcInCageK
fak; 42-49 maneRbkg; 15 eRcInCageK ehIyman
pitfak;esI 45.5
o
dUcenH KNna)an
x me mo 45.5
59
-TMBrTI 89 fg;myY manXIBNexA 4 nigXIBNs 2
-TMBrTI 92
rkRbU)abEdleQaH k cab;)anXBI NexA

-XIsrubman 6 naM[ krNIGac 6
-XIBNexAman 4 naM[ krNIRsb 4
Rsb
tamrUbmn P cMcMnnYnYnkrNI
krNIGac
rkRbU)abEdlecjelxdUcKa
-RKab;LkLak;manmux 6 enaHeKGacpb KUlTpl
rbs;va)an TaMgGs;cnM Yn 6 6 36 rebob
naM[ krNIGac 36
-KUEdlmanelxdUcKaGacCa 1,1 2 , 2 3, 3 4 , 4
5 , 5 nig 6 , 6 man 6krNI
naM[ krNIRsb 6
1.
XIBNexA cMnYnkrNIRsb
cMnYnkrNIGac
1.
4 2
66.67%
6 3
dUcenH RbU)ab k cab;)anXIBNexAKW P 66.67% .

2. rkRbU)abEdleQaH x cab;)anXB
I NexA
edayeQaH k cab;)anXIBNexAehIymindak;cUlfg;
vij naM[b:HBal;dl;karcab;elIkeRkayrbs;Gk x
-XITaMgGs;sl;Et 5 naM[ krNIGac 5
-XIBNexAsl;Et 3 naM[ krNIRsb 3
P
cMnYnkrNIRsb
XIBNexA
cMnYnkrNIGac
dUcenH
Rsb 6 1
.
elxdUcKa cMcMnnYnYnkrNI
krNIGac 36 6
rkRbU)abEdlplbUkRKab;TaMgBIresInwg 10
KUnRKab;TaMgBIrmanplbUkesI 10 GacCa 4 , 6 ,
5 , 5 , 6 , 4 manbIkrNI
naM[ krNIRsb 3
2.
3
60%
5
dUcenH
dUcenH RbU)ab x cab;)anXIBNexAKW P 0.6 .
cMnYnkrNIRsb
plbUkesI!0
cMnYnkrNIGac
3
1
36 12
-TMBrTI 90 rkRbU)abEdleFVIdMeNIredaymF)aydT
tag P CaRbU)abGkeFVdI MeNIredayrfynpal;xn
-Rkumhnu manbuKlik 250nak; naM[ krNIGac 250
-GkCiHrfynpal;xn 50nak; naM[ krNIRsb 50
Rsb
50
1
20%
naM[ P cMcMnnYnYnkrNI
krNIGac 250 5
tag P CaRbU)abnGkeFVdI MeNIredaymeFa)aydT
Edl P CaRBwtki arN_bMeBjKaCamYyRBwtki arN_ P
naM[ P 1 P 1 15 54 80%
dUcenH RbU)abnGkeFVIdMeNIredaymeFa)aydT
EdlminCiHrfynpal;xnKW P 80% .
60
-TMBrTI 99 KNnacmayrvagBIrcMNuc
eyIgGacKNnacmayrvagBIrcMNuc edayeRbIrUbmn
xB x A 2 yB y A 2
k> A0 , 0 & B8 , 15
naM[ AB 8 02 15 02
AB
64 225 289
17
ktaRbEvg .
dUcenH KNna)an
AB 17
ktaRbEvg .
x> A 2 , 6 & B3 , 6
naM[ AB 3 2 6 6
2
25 144 169
ktaRbEvg .
dUcenH KNna)an AB 13 ktaRbEvg .
K> A 3 , 5 & B1 , 8
naM[ AB 1 3 8 5
13
49
13
ktaRbEvg .
dUcenH KNna)an
ktaRbEvg .
AB 13
X> A5 , 3 & B11 , 11

naM[ AB 11 5 11 3
2
36 64 100
10
ktaRbEvg .
dUcenH KNna)an
AB 10
ktaRbEvg .
61
-TMBrTI 110 sg;bnat;TaMgbIkg bg;EtmYy
-TMBrTI 108 !> sg;bnat;EdlmansmIkar y 2x

cMeBaH x 0 naM[
0
y 0
2
-cMeBaHbnat;
Edr Cabnat;kat;Kl;
x4
2
b y 12 x 2
taragtmelxn y 12 x 2 KW
x 0 4
y 2 0
GkS . bnat;enHmanemKuNR)ab;Tis
mannyfa
-cMeBaHbnat; y 2 Cabnat;edk kat;GkS yy Rtg; 2
ebI x ekInBIrkta enaH y fycuHmYykta.
-cMeBaHbnat; x 4 Cabnat;Qr kat;GkS xx Rtg; 4
eyIgsg;bnat;)an dUcxageRkam
sg;bnat;TaMgbIkg bg;EtmYydUcxageRkam
y
1
a
2
x
2
y
1
y x2
2
x4
2
0
y2
sg;bnat;kat;tamcMNuc A0 , 1 nigmanemKuN
KNnaRkLapxNedaybnat;TaMgbIenH
R)ab;TisesI 13
bnat;TaMgbIpM)anCaRtIekaNEkgEdlman )atesI 4
eyIg)anbnat;kat;tam A0 , 1 ehIymanemKuNR)ab;
ktaRbEvg nigkm<s;esI 2 ktaRbEvg
TisesI 13 mannyfa ebI x ekInbIkta enaH y fycuH
naM[ RkLapRtIekaNEkg S 4 2 2 4 ktap
mYykta.
dUcenH pRkLaxNedaybnat;TaMgbIKW S 4 ktap .
eyIgsg;bnat;)an dUcxageRkam
y
-TMBrTI 111 rksmIkarbnat;kat;tamBIrcMNuc
2.
Rbtibtei nHerobcMmin)anl eK[rksmIkarbnat;kat;tamBIrcMNuc Et

eBl[cMNuc manEtmYycMNuceTAvij KW 2 , 7 dUcKa
eKGacsg;bnat;eRcInrab;mni Gs;kat;tammYycMNuc
dUcenH minGackMNt;)ansmIkarbnat;kat; 2 , 7 .
-TMBrTI 113 rksmIkarbnat;kat;tammYycMNuc ehIy
KNnaemKuNR)ab;Tsi nbnat;kat;tamBIrcMNuc
A 2 , 0 nig B 1 , 4
naM[bnat;manemKuNR)ab;Tis
y y
40
4
a
4 .
x x
1 2 1
3.
RsbeTAnwgbnat;mYyepSgeTot
k> kat;tam 0 , 0 ehIyRsbnwgbnat; y 3x 1
tag M x , y enAelIbnat;RtUvrkkat;tam A0 , 0
ehIyRsbnwgbnat; y 3x 1 enaHemKuNR)ab;TisesIKa
62
eyIg)an
yM y A
3
xM x A
y0
3
x0
eyIg)an
naM[
y 3x
dUcenH y 3x CasmIkarbnat;EdlRtUvrk .
karsg;bnat;edIm,Iepgpat;
yM y A 1
1
xM x A 2
y 1 1
1
x2
2
y 1 2x 2
y 2 x 3
dUcenH smIkarbnat;EdlRtUvrkKW
karsg;RkabedIm,Iepgpat;
y 3x
y 2 x 3
y 3x 1
2 y x 1 0
x> kat;tam 6 , 3 ehIyRsbnwgbnat; x 3 y 3

y 2 x 3
tag M x , y enAelIbnat;RtUvrkkat;tam B6 , 3
ehIyRsbnwgbnat; x 3 y 3 bbnat; y 13 x 1 x> tat;tam A 21 , 0 ehIyEkgnwgbnat; y 2x
enaHemKuNR)ab;TisesIKa
tag M x , y enAelIbnat;RtUvrkkat;tam
eyIg)an yx xy 13
ehIyEkgnwgbnat; y 2x naM[plKuNemKuNR)ab;
y 3 1
TisesI 1
x6 3
y y
1
1
eyI
g
)an
2 1
y 3 x 6 naM[ y x 1
x x
1
, 0
y0
2 1
1
x
2
dUcenH y 13 x 1CasmIkarbnat;EdlRtUvrk .
karsg;bnat;edIm,Iepgpat;
1
2
1
1
y x
2
4
2 y x
y
1
x 1
3
y
1
x 1
3
dUcenH smIkarbnat;EdlRtUvrkKW y 12 x 14 .
karsg;RkabedIm,Iepgpat;
-TMBrTI 115 rksmIkarbnat;kat;tammYycMNuc ehIy

EkgeTAnwgbnat;myY epSgeTot
k> tat;tam A2 , 1 ehIyEkgnwgbnat; 2 y x 1 0
tag M x , y enAelIbnat;RtUvrkkat;tam A2 , 1
ehIyEkgnwgbnat; 2 y x 1 0 b y 12 x 12
naM[ plKuNemKuNR)ab;Tsi esI 1
y 2x
1
1
y x
2
4
63
-TMBrTI 117 rkeBlevlaEdlsItN

u PaBesnI gw 26
tagGkS xx CaeBlevlaEdlRtUvekIneLIg nigGkS

u PaBEdlnwgRtUvfycuH
yy CasItN
edaysItuNPaBfycuHkgGRta 2 / h mannyfa
ebIeBlekIn 1h enaH sItuNPaBfycuH 2
eyIg)anbnat;kat;tamcMNuc 12 , 40manemKuNR)ab;
esnI gw 2 . ebI M x , y CacMNucmYyenAelIbnat;enH
enaHeyIg)anbERmbRmYlemKuNR)ab;TisKW
o
y 40
2
x 12
y 40 2 x 24
y 2 x 64
cMeBaHsItN
u PaB y 26
eyIg)an 26 2x 64
o
2 x 38
x 19
CaeBl
dUcenH sItuNPaB 26 RtUvnwgem:ag 19 7 yb; .

o
64
-TMBrTI 123 edaHRsayRbBnsmIkartamRkab

eyIgmanRbBns mIkar
4 x 3 y 4
3x y 2
x> 34xx 4yy178
i
ii
-eyIgedaHRsayedayeRbIviFICMnYs
tam ii : 4x y 17 y 17 4x
yk iii CMnsY cUlkg i eyIg)an
eyIgsg;bnat; i & ii enAkgbg;EtmYy

-taragtmelxn 4x 3 y 4 KW yx 10 24
-taragtmelxn 3x y 2 KW
i :
x 1
0
y 1 2
sg;RkabTaMgBIrenAkgbg;EtmYy eyIg)an
3x 417 4 x 8
3x 68 16 x 8
19 x 76
x4
iii : y 17 4 4 1
dUcenH RbBnsmIkarmanKUcemIy x , y 4 , 1 .
-TMBrTI 128 edaHRsayRbBnsmIkar
k> 43xx35yy97 12
4x 3 y 4
tamtaragbnat;RbsBVKaRtg;cMNuc 2 , 4
dUcenH RbBnsmIkarmanKUcemIy x 2 , y 4 .
-TMBrTI 125 edaHRsayRbBnsmIkar
k> 9yx62y 3x3 12
eyIgedaHRsayedayeRbIviFIbUkbM)at; enaHeyIg)an
4x 3 y 9
3 x 5 y 7
-eyIgedaHRsaytamviFCI MnsY
tam 1 : y 6 3x y 3x 6
yk 3 CYscUleTAkg 2 eyIg)an
3
4
12 x 9 y 27
12 x 20 y 28
11y 55
cMeBaH
y5
1 :
9 x 23x 6 3
9 x 6 x 12 3
3x 9
x 3
y5
ykCMnYskg 1 eyIg)an
4x 3 5 9
4 x 24
x6
dUcenH RbBnsmIkarmanKUcemyI x 6 , y 5 .
x> 77xx31y63y 55xx yy
yk x 3 CMnsY cUlkg 3
3 :
iii
yk x 4 CMnsY cUlkg iii eyIg)an
3x y 2
2 :
i
ii
y 3 3 6 15
eyIg)an
dUcenH RbBnsmIkarmanKUcemIy xy 153 .

1
2
7 x 3 y 9 5 x 5 y
7 x 7 6 y 5 x 5 y
65
7 x 3 y 9 5 x 5 y
7 x 7 6 y 5 x 5 y
9 y 2 10 y
y 2
yk y 2 CMnnY skg 1 eyIg)an

1 :
7 x 3 2 3 5x 2
7 x 15 5 x 10
2x 5
x 5/ 2
dUcenH RbBnsmIkarmanKUcemyI x 5 / 2 , y 2 .
-TMBrTI 131 k> rkcMnnY TaMgBIrenaH

tag x CacMnnY TI! nig y CacMnnY TI@
tambRmab;RbFaneyIgcg)anRbBnsmIkar
x y 50 1
eyIgedaHRsaytamviFbI kU bM)at;
3x 2 y 60 2
x y 50
3 x 2 y 60
2 x 2 y 100
3 x 2 y 60
5 x 160
x 32
yk x 32 cMnYnkg 1 edIm,Irk y eyIg)an

1 :
32 y 50 y 18
dUcenH cMnnY TaMgBIrenaHKW cMnYnTI!= 32 nigcMnYnTI@= 18 .

x> rkRbEvgTTwg nigbeNaynctuekaNEkg
tag x CaTTwg nig y CabeNay 0 x y xatEm:t
tambRmab;RbFaneyIgcg)anRbBnsmIkar
2x y 158
edaHRsayedaybUkbM)at;
yx5
x y 79
yx5
2 y 84 y 42
cMeBaH y 42 x 42 5 37
dUcenH ctuekaNEkgman TTwg 37m /beNay 42m .
66
-TMBrTI 138 KNnargVas; x KitCa cm nrUb

tag ycm CaGIube:U tnusnRtIekaNEkg i
-kg i tamRTwsbI TBItaKr
y 1 1 2
2
ii
-kg ii tamRTwsbI TBItaKr
x y 1 2 1 3
2
x 3 cm
dUcenH rgVas;KNna)anKW x
3 cm
-TMBrTI 139 KNnargVas;Ggt;RTUgnRbelBIEb:tEkg

tag y CaRbEvgGgt;RTUgEdlRtUvrk KitCa m
cMeBaH ABC RTwsbI TBItaKr
x 2 22 12 5
cMeBaH ACD
tamRTwsbI TBItaKr
y 2 x 2 22 5 4 9
naM[
y 9 3m
dUcenH RbEvgGgt;RtUvKNna)anKW 3 m .
-TMBrTI 140 rkkm<sC; BaaMgenaH

tag h Cakm<s;CBaaMg KitCa m
edayCeNrI CBaaMg nigprabpKM a)anCaRtIekaNEkg
tamRTwsbI TBItaKr
eyIg)an
82 h 2 2 2
h 2 64 4
h 60 2 15 m
dUcenH km<s;CeNrI KW
h 2 15 m 7.75 m
67
-TMBrTI 145 KNnaRbEvg AP nig BC

eK[ AB 25 cm
-TMBrTI 150 KNnakaMnrgVg; OQ

20 cm
BQ 6.5 cm
dUcrUbxagsaM
-eday AB OP Rtg; P naM[ P kNal AB

25 cm
enaH AP AB
12.5 cm
2
2
-eday BC OQ Rtg; Q naM[ Q kNal BC
enaH BC 2BQ 2 6.5 cm 13 cm
OT 2 OS 2 ST 2
OQ TQ2 OS 2 ST 2
r 102 r 2 20 2
r 2 20r 100 r 2 400
20r 300
r 15
dUcenH KNna)an AP 12.5 cm nig BC 13 cm .
-TMBrTI 147 rkRbEvg NP
dUcenH kaMrgVg;KNna)anKW OQ r 15 cm .
OA
-TMBrTI 152 RsaybMPfW a
o
N
-TMBrTI 148 KNnargVas; AC
eyIgmanrgVgp; it O kaM 2 cm
A CacMNucenAeRkArgVg;
B CacMNucb:HrgVg;
AB OB OC 2 cm eRBaH OB CakaMrgVg;
kg ABO man OA CaGIbu Ue: tnus tamRTwsIbTBItaKr
o 2 cm
2 cm
A 2 cm B
tamTMnak;TMng
BP BR
BP CQ BR CR
CQ CR
dUcenH eyIgbMPW)anfa BR RC .
OA AB 2 OB2 2 2 2 2 2 2 cm
-TMBrTI 153 KNnaRbEvg
AC OA OC 2 2 2 4.83 cm
AB
KitCa cm
eyIgman r 5 cm , r 3 cm
eyIgKNnaRbEvg AB tamkrNIdUcxageRkam
dUcenH RbEvgKNna)anKW AC 4.83 cm .
dUcenH rk)anRbEvg NP 9 cm .
68
BR RC
eyIgman ABC CaRtIekaNsm)at

naM[ AB AC
tamRTwsbI Tbnat;b:HEdl
KUsecjBIcN
M ucrYmenAeRkArgVg;
eyIg)an AP AQ , BP BR , CQ CR
cMeBaH AB AC enaH AP BP AQ CQ
eday AP AQ eyIg)an BP CQ
naM[
10 cm
CacmayBIpit O eTAGgt; MN
OB CacmayBIpit O eTAGgt; NP
eday OA OB 5.5 cm
naM[ MN NP 9 cm .
eyIgman ST RT 20 cm
r
T
ehIy TQ 10 cm
Q
20 cm
tagkaMrgVg; OS OQ r
R
kg RtIekaNEkg TSO man OT CaGIube:U tnus
tamRTwsbI TBItaKr eyIg)an
-krNIrgVg;KancMNucrYm
eyIg)an
OO AB r r
AB OO r r
OO 5 3
OO 8
-krNIrgVg;b:HKaxageRkA
naM[ A RtYtelI B
enaH OO r r nig AB 0
-krNIrgVg;kat;Ka)anBIrcMNuc
eyIg)an AB 2r
b AB 6 cm
-krNIrgVg;b:HKaxagkg
eyIg)an AB 2r
b AB 6 cm
A B
r O
cMeBaH R 2.5
enaH r 4 R 4 2.5 1.5 cm
dUcenH KNna)an kaMrgVg;TaMgBIrKW
r O
2.5 cm , 1.5 cm
B A
r r O

Or Or
-krNIrgVg;KancMNucrYmenAkg Ka
eyIg)an AB r r
b AB 2 cm .
R r 4
R r 1
2R 5
R 2.5 cm
r B A
O O r
-TMBrTI 155 KNnakaMnrgVg;TaMgBIr

tag R CakaMrgVgF; M nig r CakaMrgVgt; cU
-cMeBaHcmayrvagpti TaMgBIresI 4 cm
O
4 cm
krNIenH eyIg)an R r 4
-cMeBaHcmayrvagpti TaMgBIresI 1 cm
1 cm

O O
krNIenH eyIg)an R r 1 2
tam 1 nig 2 eyIg)anRbBnsmIkar
69
-TMBrTI 164 KNna AIB
-TMBrTI 160 bgajfa AOB COB

eyIgman rgVg;pit o nig
B CacMNuckNalF AC
mMpu it AOB maFs at; AB
mMpu it COB maFs at; BC
eday B CacMNuckNalF AC
naM[ F AB F BC
eyIg)an mMpu it AOB COB Edr
mMpu itEdlmanFsat;esKI a vaCamMbu :unKa
eyIgmanmMu ACB 34 nig

CAD 45 .
kg RtIekaN ADI man
@esmI MueRkA!
CAD ADB AIB plbUkmMukg
Et ACB ADB 34 manFsat;rmY AB
naM[ CAD ACB AIB
o
45o 34 o AIB
79 o AIB
dUcenH KNna)an AIB 79 .

o
dUcenH eyIgbgaj)anfa AOB COB .
-TMBrTI 161 rkcMnnY mMucarwkkgrgVg;

tamryrUbxagsaM mMcu arwkkgrgVg;
mancMnnY bImMu rYmman
BPC , BPD , CPD
-TMBrTI 167 KNna ACB , ADB , AEB
eyIgman AOB 60 naM[
ACB ADB
AEB
AOB
2
o
60
30 o
2
-TMBrTI 162 bgajfa ABC 12 AC
60o
mMcu arwkkg rgVg; nigmMupitmanFsat;rmY AB
eyIgman ABC CamMcu arwk

kg rgVgp; it o .
A
o
tamlkNn]TahrN_1
C
eyIgbgaj)anfa
D
mMu ABD 12 AD nig mMu CBD 12 CD
edaydkGg nigGgeyIg)an
B
dUcenH
ACB ADB AEB 30o
x, y,z
kg RtIekaN ADC man

-RCug AD DC smtki m
-mMu ADC 90 mMcu arwkknHrgVg;Ggt;pit AC
naM[ ADC CaRtIekaNEkgsm)atRtg;kBM Ul D
vi)ak mM)u at x y 45
kg RtIekaN ABC man
-mMu ABC x 90 mMcu arwkknHrgVg;Ggt;pit AC
A
ABD AD
CBD 1 CD
2
1
ABC AC
2
dUcenH KNna)an x 90
dUcenH eyIgbgaj)anfa ABC 12 AC .

70
, y z 45o
-
-TMBrTI 171 KNnargVas;mMu a nig b tamrUb

eXIjfactuekaNenHCactuekaN
carwkkg rgVg; enaHplbUkmMQ
u mesI180
naM[ a 112 180 a 68
eyIg)an CMD 12 AB CD mMukg rgVg;
92o
dUcenH KNna)anrgVas;mMu CMD 135 .

-TMBrTI 175 KNnargVas;mMu D nrUbxageRkam
mMu PDR CamMeu RkArgVg;
naM[ PDR 12 PSR PR
112o
b 92o 180o b 88o
dUcenH KNna)anrgVas;mMu a 68 nig b 88 .

eyIgman ctuekaN ABCD
carwkkg rgVg; / AB BC nigmMu
o
1
260 o 100 o
2
80 o
76o
27 o
ACE 27 o , ADE 76o
k> KNnargVas;mMu
naM[ ABC ADE 76

kg RtIekaN ABC man AB BC CaRtIekaNsm)at
enaHmMu)at ACB 180 2ABC
180 o 76 o
52 o
2
eRBaH plbUkmMku g nRtIekaNesI 180 .

dUcenH KNna)anrgVas;mMu ACB 52 .
x> KNnargVas;mMu BAD
edaymMu BCD ACE ACB 27 52 79
ehIy BCD BAD 180 mMuQmctu>carwkkg rgVg;
o
BAD 180o BCD 180o 79o 101o
mMu EDF FET 40 mMcu arwkmanFsa t;rmY EF

nigmM)u at DEF 12 180 40 70
eday DE DF enaH DE DF Ggt;Fb:unKaFesIKa
75o
ehIy
DF
2 DES DEF 70 o
DE
DES
2
DEF
eRBaH DES CamMcu arwkBiessmanFsat; DE

dUcenH KNna)anrgVas;mMu DES 70 .
dUcenH KNna)anrgVas;mMu BAD 101 .

-TMBrTI 174 KNnargVas;mMu CMD A
eyIgman CAD 60 nigmMu
60
F
40o
k> KNnamMu EOF

mMu EOF CamMpu itmanFsat; EF
naM[ EOF EF
edaymMu FET CamMcu arwkBiessmanFsat; EF
enaH EF 2 FET 2 40 80
eyIg)an EOF EF 80
dUcenH rgVas;mMuKNna)anKW EOF 80 .
x> KNnargVas;muM DES
kg RtIekaN EDS man DE DF
naM[ RtIekaN EDS CaRtIekaNsm)at Edlman
C
mMu CAD manFsat; CD
naM[ CD 2 CAD 2 60 120
mMu ADB manFsat; AB
naM[ AB 2 ADB 2 75 150
FET 40o
ADB 75o
o M
100o
mMuQmctuekaNcarwkkg rgVg;
ADE ADC 180 mMubEnmKa
naM[
ABC ADC 180o
260
S
dUcenH rgVas;mMuKNna)anKW D 80 .
eyIgman DE DF nigmMu
ACB
1
150 o 120o 135o
2
71
-TMBrTI 182 sg;cN

M uc P
sg;Ggt; AB rYcsg;
knHbnat; Ax . RkitknHbnat;
Ax [)an AC 5 ktaRbEvg.
Pab;BI C eTA B ehIyKUsbnat;kat;
cMNucktaepSg[Rsbnwg CB .
RbsBVnbnat;ktaTI2 nigGgt; AB Ca cMNuc P
kg RtIekaN ABC man DE AB

eyIg)an pleFobsmamaRt
AD DC
AC BC
b
DC EC
BE EC
eyIgbMeBjtaragedayeRbIsmamaRtxagelI eyIg)an
C
dUcenH eyIg)an
k>
x>
AP 2
AB 5
K>
-TMBrTI 184 KNnatmn x nig y

eyIgman , , , Cabnat;RsbKa
enaHeyIg)anGgts; mamaRtKaKW
1
-cMeBaH
naM[ x 1.5 1.6 2.4
-cMeBaH 11.6 2y
naM[
X>
g>
1 1.5 y
1.6 x
2
1 1.5
1.6
x
1.6
1.5
AD
3
DC
BE
35
3
8
3
DC
8
AC
20
BE
9
EC
6
BC
15
18
30
27
2
45
2
AD
12
12
EC
4
2
1.25
1.6
dUcenH tmKNna)anKW
x 2.4 , y 1.25
-TMBrTI 186 KNnakm<s;nedImeQI

tamRTwsbI TtaElscMeBaHRtIekaN
eyIg)anGgts; mamaRt
AF CF
BE CE
BE CF
AF
CE
B
1m
b AF CF
CE
Edl CF CaRbEvgRsemaledImeQI nig CE CaRbEvg
BIbegaleTAcugRsemal .
F
72
-TMBrTI 193 KNna x , y , z
-TMBrTI 197 KNnaRbEvgnTTwgTen AB
eyIgman ABC dUcnwgRtIekaN ABC manpleFob

dMNUcesnI gw 14
eyIg)an smamaRtpleFob
edaybRmab;RbFan
AB
AC
BC 1
AB AC BC 4
naM[
AB
1
3 1

x 12 B
AB 4
x 4
AC
1
4 1
y 16
AC 4
y 4
32 m
40 m
enaH
CBA
A
CDE
AB CB
B 24 m C
ED CD
AB 24m
40m 32m
24m 40m
AB
30m
32m
dUcenH RbEvgTTwgTenKNna)anKW AB 30m .
BC
1
7 1
z 28
BC 4
z 4
-TMBrTI 200 KNnatm x nig y

-tamrUb AEB ADC tamlkxN m>m
BE AE
eday AEB
ADC
CD AD
dUcenH KNna)an x 12 , y 16 , z 28 .
-TMBrTI 195 k> bgajfa ABC dUc PMN

RtIekaN ABC man A 80 , B 54
naM[mMu C 180 A B
180 80 54 46
edayRtIekaN ABC nigRtIekaN MNP man
-mMu C M 46
-mMu B P 54
o
6 4
y 10
6 10
y
15 cm
4
NPM
AE 4cm
AD 10cm
-tamrUb GIH JLK tamlkxN m>m

GH GI
eday GIH
JLK
ABC
dUcenH KNna)an y 15 cm .
dUcenH
E 6 cm B
JK
tamlkxN m>m .
x 3
3 2
3 3 9
x
m
2
2
x> TajrkpleFobdMNcU
eday ABC NPM enaHeyIgTaj)an
JL
3m
H
K
L
3m
2m
J
dUcenH KNna)an x 4.5 m .
ABC
AB AC
BC
NPM
NP NM PM
dUcenH eyIg)anpleFobdMNUc
AB AC
BC
NP NM PM
73
-tamrUb RQV RTS tamlkxN m>m

QV QR
eday RQV
sUmEk ST BI
RTS
TS TR
20m 20cm
x 16
20 10
16 20
x
32 m
10
dUcenH KNna)an x 32 m .
x
QR 16cm
RT 10cm
-tamrUb
eday
20cm
BAC
DAE
tamlkxN m>m
DAE
DE DA
BAC
BC BA
x 220
40 100
220 40
x
88 m
100
dUcenH KNna)an x 88 m
B
120m
100m
A
40m
x
C
E
-TMBrTI 207 KNna z nigsg;rbU eLIgvij

cMeBaH z x y
naM[ z x y b x y z 1
tamTMnak;TnM g 1 bBaak;fa RtIekaNEdlmanrgVas;
RCug x , y , z CaRtIekaNEkg ehIyman x CaRbEvg
GIube:U tnus nig y , z CaRCugCab;muEM kg .
2
dUcenH RbEvgRCug z x ,
sg;rbU
yx
z x2 y 2
74
-TMBrTI 214 Pab;cMNucTaMg* R)ab;cMnYnRCug nigGgt;RTUg
2 2 2 12 o 2 3 360 o
12 12 o 360 o
eyIgman 8 cMNuc eyIgPab;)anrUbdUcxageRkam
348o
12
29 o
dUcenH eyIgKNna)anmMu 29 .
o
BhuekaNenHman 8 RCug nigmanGgtR; TUgcMnYn 20 . -TMBrTI 220 bBaak;

-)anCactuekaNEkg minEmnCaBhuekaNniyt eRBaH
-TMBrTI 217 rkcMnnY RCugnBhuekaN
famMuTaMgbYnrbs;vab:unKakBti Emn kbE:u n RCugrbs;vavij
-cMeBaH BhuekaNEdlmanplbUkmMku g esInwg 2 700
b:unKaEtBIr minEmnb:unKaTaMgGs;eT.
ebI n CacMnnY RCugnBhuekaNenaH
tamrUbmn 180 n 2 2 700
-)anCactuekaNesI minEmnCaBhuekaNniyt eRBaHfa
n 2 15
RCugTaMgbYnrbs;vab:unKakBti Emn kbE:u n mMurbs;vavij
n 17
minEmnesKI aTaMgGs;eT KWesKI aBIrbue: NaH.
dUcenH BhuekaNenHmancMnnY RCug n 17 .
o
-cMeBaH BhuekaNEdlmanplbUkmMku g esInwg 3 420

ebI n CacMnnY RCugnBhuekaNenaH
tamrUbmn 180 n 2 3 420
o
n 2 19
n 21
dUcenH BhuekaNenHmancMnnY RCug n 21 .
-TMBrTI 219 KNna nBhuekaNxageRkam

2
2
3
12o
eyIg)an
75
-TMBrTI 226 KNnapRkLaxag nigpRkLaTaMgGs;
pRkLaTaMgGs;
ST S L S B
-cMeBaHrUb (a) :
pRkLaxag
30 cm 2 6 3 cm 2
1
pa
2
1
5 4 13
2
130 cm 2
SL
pRkLa)at S
pRkLaTaMgGs;
-TMBrTI 228 KNnamaDekaNKitCa dm
13 cm
ekaNenHman km<s; h 28 cm
kaMfas)atmanRbEvg R 13 cm
tamrUbmnmaDekaN
1
V R h eyIg)an
3
5 cm
5 5 25 cm 2
ST S L S B
130 cm 2 25 cm 2
sUmEkkaM)atBI
h 28 cm
R 13 cm
eday 1000 cm 1dm

naM[ 4952.83 cm 5dm
dUcenH maDrbs;ekaNKW V 5dm .
3
5 m 5 cm
S L Ra
3.14 5 10
157 cm 2
-TMBrTI 231 sresrpleFobbrimaRt nigpleFobpRkLa
10 cm
pRkLa)at
-cMeBaHrUb (a) :
S B R 2
3.14 5 2
78.5 cm
pleFobbrimaRt
ebI P CabrimaRtrUbFM
P CabrimaRtrUbtUc
eyIg)an PP 123 mm
4
m
5 cm
12 mm
pRkLaTaMgGs;
ST S L S B
157 cm 2 78.5 cm 2
235.5 cm 2
-cMeBaHrUb (c) :
pRkLaxag
dUcenH pleFobbrimaRtKW
1
pa
2
1
2 6 5 30 cm 2
2
5 cm
2 cm
eyIg)an
S B 6 2 2 2 11
2
P
4
P
S 12 mm
4 2 16
S 3 mm
dUcenH pleFobpRkLaKW
6 3 cm 2
2 cm
3 mm
pleFobpRkLa
ebI S CapRkLarUbFM
S CapRkLarUbtUc
SL
pRkLa)at
1
V 3.14 132 28
3
4952.83 cm 3
155 cm 2
-cMeBaHrUb (b) :
pRkLaxag
40.39 cm 2
76
S
16
S
.
-
-cMeBaHrUb (b) :
x> rkpRkLanctuekaN DECB

pctuekaN DECB S S
pleFobbrimaRt
ebI P CabrimaRtrUbFM
P CabrimaRtrUbtUc
eyIg)an PP 32
ABC
ADE
S S
50
50 18
6
3
3
32 2
cm
3
dUcenH pleFobbrimaRtKW
P 3
P 2
S 9
S 4
dUcenH pRkLanctuekaN DECB KW 323 cm .

2
pleFobpRkLa
ebI S CapRkLarUbFM
S CapRkLarUbtUc
eyIg)an SS 32 94
2
dUcenH pleFobpRkLaKW
smal; eKGaceRbIpleFobrUbtUcelIrUbFMk)an .
-TMBrTI 232 eyIgman DE BC ehIy
AD 3 cm , AB 5cm
D
nigpRkLaRtIekaN ADE 6cm

k> rkpRkLaRtIekaN ABC B
tag S CapRkLanRtIekaN ABC
S CapRkLanRtIekaN ADE
naM[eyIg)anpleFobKW
S AB
S 5

smmUl
S
AD
6
3
2
25 6 50
S
cm 2
9
3
dUcenH pRkLaRtIekaN
ABC
25
9
KW S 503 cm .
77

ចម្លើយលំហាត់ប្រតិបត្តិថ្នាក់ទី 7 8 9 PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

ចម្លើយលំហាត់ប្រតិបត្តិថ្នាក់ទី 7 8 9 PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

8

-TMBrTI 16 bMeBjelxkg RbGb;

cMnYnEdltUcCag 19 KWenAxageqVgcab;BIelx 18 nig

cMnYnEdlRtUvbMeBjkg RbGb;KWelx 0 eRBaHcMnYnEdlEck

dac;ngw 3 pg nig 9 pg luHRtaEtplbUkEckdac;nwg 9 .

x> rkRKb;tEY ckncMnYndUcxageRkam

-TMBrTI 43 bMeBjcMnYnkg RbGb; .

x> 2515 53 ... sBaa- enAPaKEbgk)an

x> 16.301 cMnnY TsPaKenHmantamlMdab;BIeqVgeTAsaM

-TMBrTI 49 k> KNnakenSam

x> KNna eyIgdwgfa

6.245 , 5.867 , 0.045 , 3.243 , 0.127

naM[cMnYnTMBresovePATaMgGs;KW 15 13377 435 TMBr .

-TMBrTI 56 sresrRbPaKxageRkamCacMnnY TsPaK

-TMBrTI 64 k> sresrPaKryCaRbPaK

x> 4.01 tag A 4.01 4.01010101...

4.235 6.563 10.999

x> sresrcMnnY TsPaKCaPaKry

1.5 100 150

x> R)ak;lk; 240 000 ` R)ak;xat 80 000 `

-eKvas;cmayBIPUmi A eTAPUmi B edayeRbIxatedkaEm:t

enaHRbEvgTTwgKW 12 6.9m 82.8 m

-TMBrTI 74 rkcmayBitR)akdrvagPUmi A eTAPUmi B

RbFan eRBaHebImin)anKit[Ditdl; GacfaRbFanxuskman .

K> rkRbEvgExSlYs KitCasin

K> rkflk;kg mYydbedIm,I[cMeNj 12%

4kg 7hg 3dag 4kg 0.7kg 0.03kg 4.73kg

edaykUnCBagI dak;elIfasmYyEdlmanm:asesI 101 n

x> rkfedImneRbgm:astU kgmYydb

> k> sresrcMnYnR)ak;rbs;NarICakenSamBICKNit -TMBrTI 89 KNnaplKuNkenSamBICKNit

nig b 3 naM[ b3a3 33103 306 5

-TMBrTI 96 edaHRsaysmIkar rYcepgpat;cemIy

2.4 x b x 2.4 CabsmIkar

dUcenH cMnYnessTaMgbIttY KaKW

-TMBrTI > KNnaRbEvgbeNay nigTTwg

-TMBrTI 113 etIbrimaNNaEdlsmamaRtbrimaN!eTot?

x> 700g nig 1kg sresr)an 700 :1000 b 1000

-TMBrTI 118 []TahrN_rUbPaBcMNucepSgCMvu ijxn

dUcenH rfynGaceFVdI MeNIr)ancmay 195km .

-TMBrTI 119 CMnYs >>> edaysBaa b

-TMBrTI 123 eKman$ cMNuc A , B , C , D elIbnat; xy

eRkayBIBni ti rUbxagelIy:aghtc; t; rUbenHKanknHbnat;

k> rab;eQaHbg;fIE dleTIbnwgekItman

-cMNuc S KW S SAB / S SBC nig S SAC

tamsMNYr k> enaH

bRmab; AB 12 cm , BC 46 cm ehIy cMNuc

-TMBrTI 134 etImuCM ab;nmMu xOt CamMGu VI ?

eRkayBIBni ti eyIgsresreQaH nigR)ab;RbePTmMu

-TMBrTI 137 KUsrUbeLIgvij rYcbgajfa hOt 90

b ehIy hOt hOy yOt

-TMBrTI 132 edayeRbIra: b:Tr vas;muxM ageRkam

-TMBrTI 136 sg;knHbnat;BuHmMuxageRkam

24o 9580 15o 5032 9o 4548

emeronTI 14 bnat;Rsb bnat;Ekg

BinitmMu BAC nig BHC mMTu aMgBIrman

> eRkayBI)anemIlbRmab;RbFaneyIgsg;rbU )an

-TMBrTI 146 KNnargVas;mMu

-TMBrTI 154 eyIgsg;rUb)andUcxageRkam

eyIg)an mMu x 117

dUcenH rgVas;mKMu Nna)anKW GEF 45 .

-TMBrTI 156 R)ab;RbePTnRtIekaNtammMu

-RtIekaN ABC CaRtIekaN

> sg;RtIekaN DEF