HECHMS Manual-All Fin

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND HIGHWAYS
JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY
MANUAL
ON
RUNOFF COMPUTATION
WITH
HEC-HMS
NOVEMBER 2009
Project for
Strengthening of Flood Management Function of DPWH
FCSEC HEC-HMS Manual
MANUAL ON RUNOFF COMPUTATION WITH HEC-HMS

1. INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1
1.1
1.2
1.3
This Manual.........................................................................................................................1
Purposes of Runoff Analysis ...............................................................................................1
Overall Procedures of Runoff Analysis with HEC-HMS....................................................3
2. MODEL APPLIED FOR THIS PRACTICE...............................................................................4

2.1
2.2
Selection of Runoff Analysis and Routine Methods ...........................................................4

Sample River Basin for Practice..........................................................................................4
3. PREPARING INPUT DATA.........................................................................................................6

3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
Required Data......................................................................................................................6
Physical Conditions of Sub-basins ......................................................................................7
3.2.1 Catchment Area of Sub-basins ...............................................................................7
3.2.2 Lag Time ................................................................................................................7
3.2.3 SCS Unit Hydrograph Type Selection....................................................................8
Precipitation.........................................................................................................................9
Physical Features of River Reaches...................................................................................12
4. HEC-HMS COMPUTATION .....................................................................................................12

4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
Preparing for the Software Operation................................................................................13

4.1.1 Notes on HEC-HMS Modelling ...........................................................................13
4.1.2 Installation Procedure...........................................................................................13
4.1.3 User Interface .......................................................................................................13
Starting HEC-HMS ...........................................................................................................14
4.2.1 Starting the Program.............................................................................................14
4.2.2 Creating a New Project.........................................................................................15
Inputting Subbasin and Reach Data to a Basin Model ......................................................16
4.3.1 Creating a Basin Model ........................................................................................16
4.3.2 Building a Basin Model Map ...............................................................................17
4.3.3 Entering Element Data (Subbasin and Reach) .....................................................20
Entering Precipitation Data ...............................................................................................21
4.4.1 Creating Time-Series Data and Input Design Hyetograph Data ..........................21
4.4.2 Creating a Meteorologic Model............................................................................24
Creating Control Specifications.........................................................................................25
Running Simulation...........................................................................................................26
4.6.1 Creating Simulation Run Configuration...............................................................26
4.6.2 Run Simulation.....................................................................................................28
Viewing the Results...........................................................................................................28
5. EVALUATION OF HEC-HMS COMPUTATION RESULTS................................................30

REFERENCES....................................................................................................................................31
Attachment :
Runoff Analysis Input Data Processing Form Developing Hourly Rainfall Hyetograph by
Alternating Block Method
1.
INTRODUCTION
1.1
This Manual
HEC-HMS (HEC-Hydrologic Modeling System) is the computer program for the runoff
analysis developed by the Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC), US Army Crops of
Engineers.
The software can be downloaded on the HECs web-site free of charge along
with its detailed users manual and technical references.
Ver. 3.3 is the latest as of October
2009, and is used in this manual.

HEC-HMS applies the unit hydrograph method, among a variety of runoff analysis methods.
The unit hydrograph method itself cannot consider river routine which attenuates and
transforms flood waves in river reaches.
However, HEC-HMS enables users to develop a
basin model combining basin runoff and river routine.

This manual is a simplified tutorial of the HEC-HES software, and is designed for those who
have no or little experience in the HEC-HMS computation.
Users need to download and
refer to users manuals and technical references of HEC-HMS issued by HEC, for further
understanding of the software.
Runoff analysis methodologies which are convenient for ungauged river basins are employed
in this manual so as to help flood control planning of small to middle sized river basins where
observed precipitation and discharge data are often unavailable.
Nevertheless, in principle,
parameters in runoff analysis models should be determined based on the calibration

comparing runoff analysis simulation results and observed discharge data.
It should be
noted that HEC-HMS users should direct their best efforts to search available recorded data
for the calibration, before going for methods for ungauged basins introduced in this manual.
1.2
Purposes of Runoff Analysis
The runoff analysis derives discharge at reference points on downstream through

transformation of rainfall on upstream catchments as schematically shown in the following
figure.
Some of runoff analysis methods like the Rational Formula provide only a peak
discharge, while other methods, such as the unit hydrograph and the storage function
methods, can produce temporal discharge distribution (hydrographs).

R (mm)
Rainfall
River Basin
Rainfall
(on the catchment Area)
Time
Runoff Analysis
(e.g. Rational Formula, Unit Hydrograph, etc.)
Rainfall
Q (m3/s)
Discharge
(Peak Q or Hydrograph)
For Planning and design of

flood control measures,
need discharge (m3/s) at
this reference point.
Time
Figure 1.1
Basic Concept of Runoff Analysis
Two questions may arise here; why discharges are required, and why discharge has to be
derived by transforming rainfall, instead of utilising observed discharge data.
Why discharges are required? :
Engineers need to know discharges at reference points for
planning and designing flood control measures.
For instance, river channels and levees
should be designed based on peak discharge and associated water levels, so that river
channels can accommodate design discharge.
Storage types of flood control measures,
such as dams and retarding basins, require inflow hydrographs for their planning and design.
Why discharge has to be derived by transforming rainfall, instead of utilising observed
discharge data? : Flood control measures should be planned and designed based on design
flood with a targeted probability.
However, discharge data are often not sufficiently adequate
and reliable for the frequency analysis to estimate design probable floods.
The following
limitations are often detected in observed discharge data.
Availability of discharge data is often lower than that of rainfall data.
Stream gauging stations are often not installed especially in middle to small sized
river basins.
Discharge (water level) observation tends to fail during large floods, because
gauges can be damaged by floods.
Gauge keepers of manual stream gauges may
also have to evacuate during large floods.
Observed discharge records often cannot represent natural runoff phenomena, because it
can be affected by storage effects on upstream by dams, retarding basins, natural
swamps, overflows, and others. Changes of river channel dimensions and watershed
conditions may also alter downstream discharge characteristics.
Precise discharge can hardly be measured when flood water overflows from a river
channel.
Rating curves (H-Q curves) which convert recorded water levels to discharges are often
not available or not reliable.
Curves may not have been updated for a long period,
though it is essential especially after large floods which could change river cross section
shapes.
Rating curves at high water levels (discharge) are normally developed by
extrapolation due to the absence of discharge measurement data during high water, and
therefore, are often lost reliability.
In short, rainfall data, especially daily rainfall data, is often more available and reliable than
discharge data.
Therefore, the runoff analysis becomes necessary to derive discharge from
rainfall.
Then, design discharge distribution is determined based on resulted peak discharges from the
runoff analysis, as schematically described in the following figure.
S2
Runoff at downstream
end of S2 (m3/s)
Q2
S3
S1
Q3
Q1
Runoff at downstream end of

the entire catchment (m3/s)
Runoff at downstream
end of S1 (m3/s)
Cross Sections
Q2
Q3
Flow
Q1
Q3 : Design discharge for

this stretch
Q1 : Design discharge
for this stretch
All cross sections on this

stretch are to be
designed for Q3 (m3/s).
All cross sections on this

stretch are to be
designed for Q1 (m3/s).
Design Discharge Distribution
Figure 1.2
Developing Design Discharge Distribution Diagram from Runoff

Analysis Results
1.3
Overall Procedures of Runoff Analysis with HEC-HMS
The runoff analysis involves the following three steps.

specified below.
Each step is described in the chapters
A sample model applied for this practice is explained in Chapter 2.

1)
Data preparation
2)
HEC-HMS computation
3)
2.
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Starting HEC-HMS
Inputting subbasin and reach data to a basin model
Entering precipitation data
Creating control specifications
Running simulation
Viewing results
Evaluation of data (calibration)
Chapter 5
MODEL APPLIED FOR THIS PRACTICE
This chapter introduces features of the river basin which was applied for a practice model in
this manual.
This chapter also explains how to translate an actual river basin conditions into
an analysis model.
2.1
Selection of Runoff Analysis and Routine Methods
Selection of several different unit hydrographs is available in HEC-HMS.
This manual
applies the SCS unit hydrograph, which is synthetic and requires the limited number of
parameters.
The SCS unit hydrograph is useful for ungauged river basins, because its
parameters can basically be derived from basin physical characteristics, not by calibration
with observed discharge data.
It was developed by the Soil Conservation Service (SCS,
presently Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) under US Department of

Agriculture), and has widely been applied in the Philippines.
It should be noted that other
unit hydrographs, such as the Clark and the Snyder unit hydrographs can also be appropriate,
when observed discharge data adequate for calibration are available.
HEC-HMS enables users to involve river routine in a model as mentioned earlier.
Among
several selections in HEC-HMS, the Muskingum-Cunge method is applied to this practice.

The Muskingum-Cunge is also a convenient method for ungauged rivers, because its
parameters can be acquired from physical characteristics of actual river reaches.
2.2
Sample River Basin for Practice
The San Juan river basin presented in the following map is used for this practice.
A practice
model for this manual includes only upstream parts of the basin, consisting of five subbasins
(S-1 to S-5).
The subsequent figure illustrates a basin model diagram of the practice model
area.
C-7
C-8
C-9
C-10
Figure 2.1
Sample Model Basin (San Juan River Basin)

Dario River
S-1
C-7
S-2
S-4
Extent used for this practice.
S-8
Salapan
Creek
S-9
C-10
C-9
S-7
Mytunas
Creek
C-8
S-6
Mariablo
River
S-5
Diliman
Creek
San Juan River
Talayan
Creek
S-3
Legend
S-1
Sub-basin and ID
C-7
River reach and ID
S-10
Pasig River
Figure 2.2
3.
PREPARING INPUT DATA
3.1
Required Data
Model Diagram
The runoff analysis for this practice, which employs the SCS unit hydrograph and the
Muskingam-Conge methods, requires the following data as inputs.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Physical conditions of subbasins
(for the SCS unit hydrograph method)
Catchment area of subbasins
Lag time which can be derived from the following parameters
Length of water course in each subbasin
Difference of elevation in each subbasin
Precipitation
(for the SCS unit hydrograph method)
Design hyetograph (hourly rainfall)
Rainfall loss (to obtain effective rainfall)
Physical features of river reaches
(for the Muskingum-Cunge method)
Length of river reaches
Average cross section dimension (bottom width and side slope)
Average bed slope of river reaches
Mannings roughness coefficient
The subsequent sections explain how to prepare each data set.

6

3.2
Physical Conditions of Sub-basins
3.2.1
Catchment Area of Sub-basins
The catchment area of each sub-basin can be measured on the NAMRIA 1/50,000 maps with
a planimeter or with GIS.
The following table summarizes the catchment area of each
sub-basin of the example basin in Figure 2.1.

Table 3.1
Catchment Area of Sub-basins
Sub- Basin
No.
Name of Creek
San Francisco River (Junction
with Dario River)
22.8
S-2
Dario River
10.4
S-3
Reach 1 (Residual Basin San

Francisco River)
2.1
S-4
Mariablo River
9.8
S-5
Talayan River
8.3
S-1
Total
Note :
Area
(km2)
53.4
Data in this table are prepared for exercise purposes, and may differ from
actual site conditions.
3.2.2
Lag Time
The lag time is defined as the time between the center of mass of excess rainfall to the time to
peak of the unit hydrograph.
equations.
The SCS unit hydrograph method necessitates it for solving
The lag time should be determined based on analyses of observed rainfall and
discharge data, or on the calibration of the runoff analysis in nearby gauged areas.
It can be
estimated by formulae developed by past experiences and analyses in the absence of

observed discharge data.
The following modified Snyders Lag Equation is commonly used
in the Philippines for that purpose.
L Lca
Lg = 0.6865 Ct
Where :
This formula is also applied to this practice.
0.38
Lg :
lag time (hour)
Ct :
lag time coefficient

- for mountainous area = 1.2
- for hilly area = 0.70
- for valley area = 0.35
L:
length of water course from the downstream end of the subbasin to the
upstream sub-basin boundary (km)

Lca :
length of water course from the downstream end of the subbasin to a

intersection on the stream perpendicular from the centroid of the subbasin
(km)
Centroid
Lca
S:
average basin slope (overall slope along longest water course from the
downstream to upstream ends of the subbasin)
The following table summarizes physical features of the sub-basins and computed lag times
for this practice model.
The sub-basin features can be acquired from existing 1/50,000
NAMRIA topographic maps with a planimater or GIS.
Especially, GIS is a convenient tool for
computing these features.

Table 3.2
Subbasin
S-1
S-2
S-3
S-4
S-5
Note :
3.2.3
L
(km)
7.954
4.145
3.115
4.018
5.056
Physical Parameters of Sub-basin and Lag Time
Highest
Elev.
(El.m)
48
30
10
32
19
Lowest
Elev.
(El.m)
10
10
4
4
6
Elev.
Diff.
(m)
38
20
6
28
13
Slope
S
0.004777
0.004826
0.001926
0.006969
0.002571
Lg
Lca
(km)
4.20
2.00
1.60
2.01
2.45
Ct
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
(hr)
2.52
1.48
1.45
1.37
1.94
(min)
150
90
90
80
120
Data in this table are prepared for exercise purposes, and may differ from actual conditions.
SCS Unit Hydrograph Type Selection
Two types of the SCS unit hydrographs are available in HEC-HMS ver. 3.3, the Standard
and the Delmarva types.
The Standard type is default and has widely been applied in the
Philippines and other countries. The Delvarva type of the SCS unit hydrograph is originally
developed for flat coastal plain areas in the US, and produces a hydrograph with flatter peak
and longer base than the standard type.
Standard Type :
A reference of the selection of type is as follows;
Urban areas
Mixed areas of urban and rural
Rural areas with average slope steeper than 0.5 per cent
Delvarva Type :
Rural areas with average slope milder than 0.5 per cent
In this practice, the Standard type is applied to all sub-basins, because the sample basin is
urbanized.
8

3.3
Precipitation
Rainfall applied to the runoff analysis should be basin average rainfall, not point rainfall at a
certain rainfall gauging station.
Besides, in order to compute runoff, hourly rainfall pattern
(hyetograph) of excess rain (effective rain) is required.

This manual briefly introduces a development procedure of a design hyetograph by the
alternating block method based on a rainfall intensity-duration-frequency (RIDF) curve.
This
method is useful for areas where RIDF curves are available, but recorded hourly rainfall data
are not available.
The attachment of this manual is an excel form to help users to develop a
hyetograph through this method.
A soft copy of the form is available at FCSEC.
5 supplies RIDF curves at major PAGASA synoptic stations.
Reference
Uses are suggested to refer to
hydrology text books and other documents for further details and for other methodologies.
Using RIDF curves, a design hyetograph can be derived through the following steps.
(i)
Develop hourly discharge distribution of rainfall from rainfall intensity-duration-frequency

(RIDF) curves at a rainfall station in or near the targeted basin
Procedures of developing a hyetograph from a RIDF curve are schematically shown below.
R=
(C + T)
b1
d1
R : Rainfall intensity (mm/hr)

T : Duration (min)
A, B, C : Coefficient
b2
b3
r (mm)
R (mm/hr)
Rainfall Intensity - Duration

- Frequency Curve
(For example)
A
d2
d3
d4
d6
d5
d7
....
1
....
Time (hr)
Time
2hrs
3hrs
(hr)
(a)
1
2
3
4
....
(min)
T (a')
60
120
180
240
....
Rainfall
Intensity
from Eq.
R
(mm/hr)
R (b)
(b1)
(b2)
(b3)
(b4)
....
24
1440
(b24)
Duration
T
Figure 3.1
Cum. Rain
for (a) hrs
(b)x(a)
(mm)
(c)
(c1)=(b1)x1
(c2)=(b2)x2
(c3)=(b3)x3
(c4)=(b4)x4
...
Hourly Rain
Position
Incremental
of (c)
(mm/hr)
(d)
(d1)=(c1)
(d2)=(c2)-(c1)
(d3)=(c3)-(c2)
(d4)=(c4)-(c3)
....
(c24)=(b24)x24 (d24)=(c24)-(c23)
13th (Center)
12th
14th
11th
....
1st
Developing Hyetograph from RIDF Curve
The curves at Port Area synoptic station are applied to this example.
The following formulae
are provided as RIDF curves for the 10 and 25-year probable floods at Port Area rainfall
station in Reference 5.
10-year probable flood :
R=
6017.42
(89.62 + T )0.85
25-year probable flood :
R=
26620
(184.31 + T )1.02
where :
(ii)
T:
Duration (min)
R:
Rainfall intensity (mm/hr)
Convert point rainfall to basin rainfall using an area reduction factor
Daily or hourly scale of basin rainfall with a particular probability becomes smaller than point
rainfall, because intensive rainfall unlikely extends an entire river basin.
Point rainfall can be
converted to basin rainfall using an area reduction factor defined by the following Hortons
formula.
P = P0 exp(0.1 (0.386 A) 0.31 )

fa = P/Po :
where :
Area reduction factor

P:
Areal rainfall (mm)
Po :
Point rainfall (mm)
A:
Catchment area (km2)
The catchment are of this practice model is 53.4 km2 as shown in Table 3.1.
Hence, the
area reduction factor for this practice is;
fa = exp(0.1 (0.386 53.4) 0.31 ) = 0.774534

(iii)
Deduct losses to compute the effective rainfall
Effective rainfall (excess rainfall) should ideally be analysed based on volume of rainfall and
runoff recorded during actual floods in or around the objective river basin.
However, when
observed data are not available, effective rainfall needs to be estimated by different a method.
In the Philippines, significant rainfall which triggers major floods normally occurs after certain
amount of small to moderate rainfall.
Lands are almost or completely saturated when a large
flood emerges under such conditions, and therefore, minimal losses should be considered.
For this practice, no loss is taken.
The hyetographs derived through the above procedures are summarized in the following
tables, and illustrated in the subsequent charts.
10

Table 3.3
Hourly Rainfall Values Derived by Alternating Block Method
(1) 10-year Probable Rainfall

Time
(a)
hour
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
(a')
min
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
540
600
660
720
780
840
900
960
1020
1080
1140
1200
1260
1320
1380
1440
Cum. Rain Hourly Rain

R
Design Hyetograph
Hourly Rainfall
Intensity for T hours Incremental Position
(b)x(a)
of (c)
Hour
Point Reduced
(b)
(c)
(d)
Rainfall
by fa
mm/hr
mm
mm/hr
mm/hr
mm/hr
85.25
85.25
85.25
13
1
2.39
1.85
64.00 128.00
42.75
12
2
2.80
2.17
51.67 155.01
27.01
14
3
2.83
2.19
43.56 174.24
19.23
11
4
3.28
2.54
37.79 188.95
14.71
15
5
3.83
2.97
33.46 200.76
11.81
10
6
4.26
3.30
30.08 210.56
9.80
16
7
5.11
3.96
27.36 218.88
8.32
9
8
6.43
4.98
25.13 226.17
7.29
17
9
8.32
6.44
23.26 232.60
6.43
8
10
11.81
9.15
21.67 238.37
5.77
18
11
19.23
14.89
20.29 243.48
5.11
7
12
42.75
33.11
19.10 248.30
4.82
19
13
85.25
66.03
18.04 252.56
4.26
6
14
27.01
20.92
17.11 256.65
4.09
20
15
14.71
11.39
16.28 260.48
3.83
5
16
9.80
7.59
15.52 263.84
3.36
21
17
7.29
5.65
14.84 267.12
3.28
4
18
5.77
4.47
14.23 270.37
3.25
22
19
4.82
3.73
13.66 273.20
2.83
3
20
4.09
3.17
13.14 275.94
2.74
23
21
3.36
2.60
12.67 278.74
2.80
2
22
3.25
2.52
12.23 281.29
2.55
24
23
2.74
2.12
11.82 283.68
2.39
1
24
2.55
1.98
Total 283.68 219.72
(2) 25-year Probable Rainfall

Time
(a)
hour
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
(a')
min
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
540
600
660
720
780
840
900
960
1020
1080
1140
1200
1260
1320
1380
1440
Cum. Rain Hourly Rain

R
Design Hyetograph
Hourly Rainfall
Intensity for T hours Incremental Position
(b)x(a)
of (c)
Hour
Point Reduced
(b)
(c)
(d)
Rainfall
by fa
mm/hr
mm
mm/hr
mm/hr
mm/hr
97.61
97.61
97.61
13
1
1.49
1.15
78.02 156.04
58.43
12
2
1.64
1.27
64.94 194.82
38.78
14
3
2.01
1.56
55.59 222.36
27.54
11
4
2.44
1.89
48.57 242.85
20.49
15
5
3.11
2.41
43.12 258.72
15.87
10
6
3.90
3.02
38.75 271.25
12.53
16
7
5.23
4.05
35.19 281.52
10.27
9
8
7.12
5.51
32.22 289.98
8.46
17
9
10.27
7.95
29.71 297.10
7.12
8
10
15.87
12.29
27.55 303.05
5.95
18
11
27.54
21.33
25.69 308.28
5.23
7
12
58.43
45.26
24.06 312.78
4.50
19
13
97.61
75.60
22.62 316.68
3.90
6
14
38.78
30.04
21.35 320.25
3.57
20
15
20.49
15.87
20.21 323.36
3.11
5
16
12.53
9.70
19.18 326.06
2.70
21
17
8.46
6.55
18.25 328.50
2.44
4
18
5.95
4.61
17.41 330.79
2.29
22
19
4.50
3.49
16.64 332.80
2.01
3
20
3.57
2.77
15.94 334.74
1.94
23
21
2.70
2.09
15.29 336.38
1.64
2
22
2.29
1.77
14.69 337.87
1.49
24
23
1.94
1.50
14.14 339.36
1.49
1
24
1.49
1.15
Total 339.36 262.85
11
80
80
70
70
60
60
50
50
Rainfall (mm/hr)
Rainfall (mm/hr)
40
30
40
30
20
20
10
10
0
1
11 13 15 17 19 21 23
11 13 15 17 19 21 23
Time (hr)
Time (hr)
(a) 10-year Probable Rain
(b) 25-year Probable Rain
Figure 3.2
3.4
Design Hyetograph
Physical Features of River Reaches
The following table summarizes the features of river reaches, which are required for the
Muskingum-Conge method.
These can be measured on existing 1/50,000 NAMRIA maps.

Table 3.4
River
Name of Creek
Reach
C-7
San Francisco River

(Junction with Dario
River)
Note :
Features of River Stretch
Length
(m)
Highest
(El.m)
Lowest
(El.m)
El.
Difference
(m)
Ave. Basin
Slope
3115
10
0.001926
Data in this table are prepared for exercise purposes, and may differ from actual conditions.
Other channel dimensions required for the method is estimated at as follows.
These can be
obtained through averaging topographic survey results or actual conditions.
Shape :
Trapezoid
Bottom width :
30m
Side slope :
(Side slope of trapezoid. Units of horizontal distance per one unit of
vertical distance.)
4.
Mannings n :
0.03
HEC-HMS COMPUTATION
This chapter describes how to operate HEC-HMS software in order to accomplish the runoff
analysis using data prepared in the previous chapter.
12

The HEC-HMS computation consists of the following five steps.
The operation of the
software at each step is explained in the subsections specified below.

(i)
Starting HEC-HMS (Subsection 4.2)
(ii)
Inputting data
Basin and river reach data (Subsection 4.3)
Precipitation data (Subsection 4.4)
(iii)
Creating control specifications (Subsection 4.5)
(iv)
Running simulation (Subsection 4.6)
(v)
Viewing results (Subsection 4.7)
4.1
Preparing for the Software Operation
4.1.1
Notes on HEC-HMS Modelling
Before starting HEC-HMS modelling, users should keep the following aspects in mind.
The formatting of dates and times is suggested to be set to English (United States).
Using other formatting may cause errors in time series data of HEC-HMS.
In order to
change the formatting, select Start (usually placed at the left bottom corner of the window
screen) Control Panel Regional and Language Options Region select
English (United States).
For storing HEC-HMS data sets, one folder for one project is recommended to be created
prior to starting modelling.
The route directory is a preferable location due to the
following reason.
A long path to the folder where HEC-HMS files are saved might cause unexpected
problems. (For example, a model cannot be opened.)
If users encounter unknown
problems, moving the folder to the root directory (e.g. C: HEC-HMS_practice) could
solve them.
4.1.2
Installation Procedure
An installer HEC-HMS_33_Setup.exe can be downloaded on HEC website.
Use the
following steps to install the software;
4.1.3
1)
Double click on the downloaded installer of HEC-HMS_33_Setup.exe
2)
Follow the setup instructions on the screen.
User Interface
The user interface of HEC-HMS ver. 3.3 consists of a menu bar, tool bar and four main panes
as shown in the following figure.
All panes are empty when a new window is opened.
13
Source : HEC-HMS Quick Start Guide, September 2008, HEC
Figure 4.1
Panes on Project Definition Window (Main Window)
4.2
Starting HEC-HMS
4.2.1
Starting the Program
The program can be started by selecting Start (usually placed at the left bottom corner of the
window screen) Programs HEC HEC-HMS HEC-HMS 3.3 menu item, or by
double clicking the HEC-HMS icon
on the desktop, if the short cut icon is there.
empty Project Definition Window in Figure 4.2 appears when the program is started.
Figure 4.2
Project Definition Window (Main Window) (Empty)
14
The

4.2.2
Creating a New Project
A Project stores all HEC-HMS data sets including information of basins and precipitation.
new project should be created to start modelling.
From the menu bar of the HEC-HMS
Project Definition Window (Figure 4.2), select the File New.

pops up.
The boxes appear initially empty.
The window shown below
Input and select information as follows.
Name :
Input a name of a new project (e.g. Samp1SanJuan)
Description :
(This can be empty. A description can be added, when becomes

necessary.)
Location :
Default Unit System : Metric
Click
on the right, and select path to the folder which HEC-HMS
files should be stored in. (e.g. c:HECHMS-practice)
Figure 4.3
New Project Window
After all necessary information is supplied, click Create.
The new project name is appears
on the Watershed Explore pane.

Default settings in basin and meteorologic models can be specified before formulating a
model.
Go to Tools Project Options to open the Project Option Window (Figure 4.4).
Then, select the following options for this practice.

and meteorologic elements.
These will be used in new basin, reach
Selections of each item for each element can be changed later
in input windows of each element.
Unit System :
Metric
Loss :
--- None ---
Transform :
SCS UH
Baseflow :
--- None ---
Routine :
Muskingum-Cunge
Gain Loss:
--- None ---
Precipitation :
Specified Hyetograph
Evapotranspiration : --- None ---
Snowmelt :
--- None ---
15
Figure 4.4
Project Definition Window with a Project Name

and Project Options Window
Press the OK button to save and close the options.

(Note : No base flow is considered in this practice so that direct runoff caused by excess
rainfall can be presented clearly.
analysis cases.
However, base flow should be considered in actually runoff
It can be obtained from observed discharge data.
When data are not
available, 0.05 m3/s/km2 can be applied. (See Technical Standard and Guidelines : Part 1
Planning)
4.3
Inputting Subbasin and Reach Data to a Basin Model
4.3.1
Creating a Basin Model
The Basin Model of HEC-HMS is a place to store information of sub-basins and reaches
constituting a model.
In order to create a Basin Model, on the menu bar of the Project Definition Window, select
Components Basin Model Manager New.
SanJuanRiver for this example, then press Create.
16
Type a river basin model name,
Figure 4.5
New Basin Model Window
After adding a new basin, close the Basin Model Manager Window by clicking
The basin model name appears on the Watershed Explorer pane as shown in the following
figure.
Basin Model name appears

here.
Watershed
Explorer
Figure 4.6
4.3.2
Desktop Pane
Project Definition Window with New Basin Model Name
Building a Basin Model Map
Hydrologic elements of sub-basins, reaches, reservoirs, junctions, diversions, sources and

sinks constitute a HEC-HMS basin model.
Among the elements, sub-basins, reaches and
junctions are used for this example model.
Functions of the three elements are summarized
in the following table, and a table in page 31 of HEC-HMS Users Manual describes all
elements.
Element icons can be found on the tool bar above the Watershed Explorer (see
Figure 4.7).
They can be activated by clicking a concerned basin model name,
SanJuanRiver for this practice, on the Watershed Explorer (see Figure 4.7).
17

Table 4.1
Icons on Tool
Bar *
Function of Major Basin Model Elements
Name
Subbasin
Descriptions
This is used to present physical subbasins in the modelled river
basin. Rainfall is transformed to runoff in the subbasin.
Precipitation losses and baseflow can also be considered.
Reach
This is used to model rivers and streams. A reach can receive

outflow from more than one Subbasins. Translation and
attenuation of flood waves can be computed.
Junction
This is used to combine Subbasins and Reaches. Outflow from

more than one elements is summed at the junction.
Note : * Icons on tool bar above the Watershed Explorer. See Figure 4.7.
A HEC-HMS basin model for the SabJuanRiver model should be developed as in the
following figure based on the basin diagram in Figure 2.2, using five subbasin (S-1 to S-5),
one reach (C-7) and three junction (Junction-1 to Junction-3) elements.
Click Basin Model name to

activate element icons
Watershed
Explorer
Desktop Pane
Component
Editor
Figure 4.7
Basin Model Window (Example : San Juan River)
In order to develop a basin model map, elements should be added on the Desktop Pane firstly.
Then, they should be connected each other to formulate a flow network system though the
following procedures.
18

(1)
Add elements
On the tool bar, push and activate an icon of an element to be added (see Figure
(i)
4.7),
(ii)
On the Desktop Pane, move the mouse and click at a targeted position where the
desired element is to be added,
(iii)
Input a name (e.g. S-1) of the element (Subbasin, Reach or Junction), and then
press Create,
(iv)
(2)
Repeat (i) to (iii) to add all elements. (S-1 to S-5, C-7, and Junction-1 to Junction-3)
Connect elements
icon on the tool bar to activate it,
(i)
Click on the
(ii)
Click on the desired element (S-1 to S-5, C-7, or Junction-1 to Junction-3) on the
Watershed Explorer (or click the element icon on the Desktop Pane) to activate the
Component Editor,
(iii)
On the Component Editor, select the Subbasin tab for Subbasins, the Reach tab for
Reaches, or the Junction tab for Junctions,
(iv)
On the Downstream cell, select a Junction or Reach to be connected on

downstream of the current element, (see Figure 4.8.
For example, Subbasin S-1
should be connected to Junction-1. Junction-1 should be connected to Reach C-7,

Reach C-7 to Junction-2, Junction-2 to Junction-3, S-3 to Junction-2 and so on.)
(v)
Repeat (ii) to (iv) to connect all elements.
Elements are connected with each other by fine lines as follows.
19
Figure 4.8
4.3.3
A Sample Basin Network Model (Upstream of San Juan River)
Entering Element Data (Subbasin and Reach)
Then, data of each element (Subbasin and Reach) should be input with the following
procedures.
(i)
Click on the
(ii)
In order to activate the Element Data Input Window, click one of element names
icon on the tool bar
(Subbasin or Reach) on the Watershed Explorer (or click the element icon on the
Desktop Pane).
A window shown in the following figure (an example for Subbasin
S-1) opens on the Component Editor.
Figure 4.9
Element Data Input Window (Component Editor)
(iii)
Input element data in Tables 4.2 and 4.3.
(iv)
Repeat (ii) to (iii) to connect all elements.
20

Table 4.2
Tab
Element Data (Subbasin)
Subbasin
Subbasin
Area
(km2) *1
Transform
Loss
method
Transform method
Baseflow
method
Graph
Type*3
Lag Time
(min) *2
S-1
22.8
---None---
SCS Unit Hydrograph
---None---
Standard
150
S-2
10.4
---None---
SCS Unit Hydrograph
---None---
Standard
90
S-3
2.1
---None---
SCS Unit Hydrograph
---None---
Standard
90
S-4
9.8
---None---
SCS Unit Hydrograph
---None---
Standard
80
S-5
8.3
---None---
SCS Unit Hydrograph
---None---
Standard
120
Note :
*1: see Tables 3.1, *2: see Table 3.2, and *3: see Subsection 3.2.3
Table 4.3
Tab
Element Data (Reach)

Routing *1
Reach
Reach
Routing
Method
Loss/
Gain
method
Length
(m)
Slope
Man
ning
sn
Invert
(m)
Shape
Bottom
width
(m)
Side
slope
C-7
Musking
umConge
--None--
3115
0.001926
0.03
(empty)
Trapez
oid
30
Note :
*1 : see Section 3.4
After completing element data input, go to File Save, in order to save the data.
4.4
Entering Precipitation Data
In order to make the HEC-HMS model recognize rainfall data, design hyetograph data (hourly
rainfall values) should be input in Time Series Data, firstly.
Then, the hyetograph applied to
each sub-basin should be specified by a Meteorologic Model.

4.4.1
Creating Time-Series Data and Input Design Hyetograph Data
For this practice, hyetographs for 10-year rainfall and 25-year rainfall are used.
Hence, two
separate Time Series Data, named Rain-10y and Rain-25y respectively, should be prepared.
(i)
On the menu bar of the Project Definition Window, select Components Time-Series
Data Manager Select Data Type of Precipitation Gauges New.
Specify a
rainfall time-series data set name, Rain-10y for the first example, then press Create.
(ii)
Close the Time-Series Data Manager window by clicking
(iii)
On the Watershed Explorer Pane, click a yellow icon under the Time-Series Data
Precipitation Gages Rain-10y folder to activate the Component Editor (see Figure
4.10).
Then, the following information should be input on the Component Editor.
21
Figure 4.10
Time Series Data Component Editor
Time-Series Gage tab

Data Source :
Manual Entry (= use a hyetograph prepared by users beforehand)
Units :
Incremental Millimeters
Time Interval :
1 Hour (= a time interval of design hyetograph data)
Time Window tab

Start Date :
01Jan2000
Start Time :
00:00
End Date :
02Jan2000
End Time :
0:00 (= design hyetographs for this example have 24 time steps as

in Table 4.4.)
Table tab
Input the design hyetograph data in the following table.
Users be aware that, as in
Figure 4.11, the first cell of the Precipitation (MM) (01Jan2000, 00:00) cannot accept
data input.
22

Table 4.4
Hourly Rainfall Data (Design Hyetograph)

10-year Rain
Hour
Rain
mm/hr
1
1.85
2
2.17
3
2.19
4
2.54
5
2.97
6
3.30
7
3.96
8
4.98
9
6.44
10
9.15
11
14.89
12
33.11
13
66.03
14
20.92
15
11.39
16
7.59
17
5.65
18
4.47
19
3.73
20
3.17
21
2.60
22
2.52
23
2.12
24
1.98
Total
219.72
Note :
25-year Rain
Hour
Rain
mm/hr
1
1.15
2
1.27
3
1.56
4
1.89
5
2.41
6
3.02
7
4.05
8
5.51
9
7.95
10
12.29
11
21.33
12
45.26
13
75.60
14
30.04
15
15.87
16
9.70
17
6.55
18
4.61
19
3.49
20
2.77
21
2.09
22
1.77
23
1.50
24
1.15
Total
262.83
See Table 3.3
Figure 4.11
Example of Inputted Hourly Rainfall Data
(iv)
A design hyetograph chart is automatically presented on the Graph tab page.
(v)
Repeat (i) to (iv) for 25-year probable rainfall (Rain-25y).
23

4.4.2
Creating a Meteorologic Model
A Meteorologic Model relates Time Series Data containing design hydrographs with
subbasins.
For this practice, a separate Meteorologic Model should be prepared for 10-year
and 25-year probable rainfalls (e.g. Meteo-10y and Meteo-25y), through the following
procedures.
(i)
On the menu bar of the Project Definition Window, select Components

Meteorologic Model Manager New.
Type a new rainfall data set name,
Meteo-10y for the first example, then press Create as in the following figure.
Figure 4.12
Meteologic Data Manager
(ii)
Close the Meteorologic Model Manager window by clicking
(iii)
On the Watershed Explorer Pane, click the Meteo-10y icon under the Meteorologic
Models folder in order to activate the Component Editor.
.
Then, the following
information should be input.
Meteorologic Model tab
Precipitation :
Specific Hyetograph
Evapotranspiration :
---None---
Snowmelt :
---None---
Unit System :
Metric
Basins tab
(iv)
Basin Model : SanJuanRiver
Include Subbasins : Yes
Then, click the Specified Hyetograph icon under the Meteo-10y icon on the
Watershed Explorer, in order to input the following information.
Subbasins tab
For all Subbasins, select Rain-10y in cells of the Gage column as in the following
figure.
24
(v)
Repeat (i) to (iv) for 25 year probable rainfall.
The Meteorologic Model name should be
Meteo-25y, and Gages (Time Series Data) applied to subbasins should be Rain-25y.
Successful procedures create two Meteorologic Model icons (Meteo-10y and Meteo-25y) and
two Time-Series Data icons (Rain-10y and Rain-25y) on the Watershed Explorer as in the
following figure.
Figure 4.13
4.5
Watershed Explorer Pane after Inputting Rainfall Data
Creating Control Specifications
The Control Specifications define start and end times and the time interval of the simulation.
The two cases (10-year and 25-year) of this practice model can share one Control
Specifications setting.
Select Components Control Specifications Manager New on the menu bar of the
Project Definition Window.
Input a Control Specification data name, Control 1 for this
example, then press Create.

clicking
Close the Meteorologic Model Manager window by
The Control Specifications folder and the Control 1 icon are created as in the following
figure.
25
Figure 4.14
Watershed Explorer Pane with Control Specifications Icon
On the Watershed Explorer Pane, click the Control 1 icon under the Control
Specifications folder in order to activate the Control Specifications tab in Figure 4.15.
Then, the required information should be input as follows.
Control Specifications tab
See the following figure.
The format of dates and times should also be followed.
Note : Times should be expressed by 24-hour clock time instead of AM or PM notation.
Figure 4.15
Control Specifications Data
For this practice, the start date and time is set at the initial time of the design hyetograph.
The end date and time was determined to secure 24 hours of a simulation period sufficiently
long in consideration of the precipitation period (24 hours for this practice) and the time lag of
a hydrograph (delay of the presence of peak discharge from peak rainfall.)
The time interval needs to be shorter than 0.29 x Lag time (see Table 4.2), and should be a
divisor of the time interval of the hyetograph data (1 hour for this example case).
this practice model, 20 minutes should be applied.
4.6
Running Simulation
4.6.1
Creating Simulation Run Configuration
Hence, for
(0.29 x 80 min. = 23.2 min., say 20 min.)
The Simulation Run configuration defines simulation cases according to a combination of a

Basin Model and a Meteorologic Model.
For this practice, two cases will be prepared.

26
One

case use 10-year probable rainfall (Meteo-10y), while the other one receives 25-year
probable rainfall (Meteo-25y).
The two cases share the SanJuanRiver Basin Model.
In order to create a new Simulation Run configuration, on the menu bar of the Project
Definition Window, select Compute Create Simulation Run.
Run name, TestRun10y for the first case, then press Next.
Input a new Simulation

Following the instruction,
select a combination of data sets as follows.
Basin Model :
SanJuanRiver
Meteorologic Model :
Meteo-10y
Control Specifications :
Control-1
A new TestRun10y icon is created on the Compute tab page of the Watershed Explorer
Pane. (see Figure 4.16)
Then, repeat the same procedures for the second case applying the following information.
Simulation Run name :
TestRun25y
Basin Model :
SanJuanRiver
Meteorologic Model :
Meteo-25y
Control Specifications :
Control-1
With the completion of the above procedures, two Simulation Run icons are displayed on the
Watershed Explorer Pane as shown in the following figure.
Figure 4.16
Simulation Runs
The following information should be confirmed.
If a ratio is used for either Precipitation or
Discharge, outflow values are multiplied by the ratio value specified in this page.
27
Ratio tab
4.6.2
Ratio Method :
No Ratio
Run Simulation
In order to select the simulation case, go to Compute Select Run TestRun10y (or
TestRun25y) on the menu bar of the Project Definition Window.
Then, to start simulation, select Compute Compute Run [TestRun10y] (or Compute Run
[TestRun25y] ) on the menu bar of the Project Definition Window, or click
on the tool
bar.
4.7
Viewing the Results
Results can be accessed on the Results tab page of the Watershed Explorer Pane.
In
order to view results, click one of result type icons, such as Graph and Summary Table
under the Simulation Results simulation run name (e.g. TestRun10y) element name (e.g.
S-1) folder.
Figure 4.17
Simulation Results (Graph at a Junction)
By clicking icons of different elements and different result types on the Watershed Explorer
Pane, simulation results at different points can be presented with different forms on the
Desktop Pane.
Examples are as follows.
28
Figure 4.18
Example of Result Form : Summary Table at a Junction
Figure 4.19
Example of Result Form : Time-Series Table at a Junction
Figure 4.20
Example of Result Form : Direct Runoff from a Subbasin
29
5.
EVALUATION OF HEC-HMS COMPUTATION RESULTS
Simulation results by the software cannot be utilized for subsequent analyses without
evaluation.
The software can complete simulation without providing error messages, but a
model still may have to be modified or adjusted.

When data are available, simulation results should be compared with observed discharge
hydrographs as displayed in the following figure.
Parameters in a simulation model, such as
a lag time for the SCS unit hydrograph, should be adjusted to explore a best fit of two
hydrographs.
1400
OBSERVED
CALCULATED
1200
Discharge (m3/s)
1000
800
600
400
200
0
11/1 12/1 13/1 14/1 15/1 16/1 17/1 18/1 19/1 20/1 21/1 22/1 23/1 24/1 25/1 26/1 27/1 28/1 29/1
Date
Figure 5.1
Example of Calibration of Hyetograph
When observed data are not adequately available for the calibration, specific discharge is one
of convenient references for checking simulation results.
Specific discharge of the peak of a
hydrograph derived by the HEC-HMS computation should not be too far from ones of
recorded discharges in adjacent areas.
Reference 5 provides charts of average specific
discharges for various return periods in the Philippines.
The following figure shows one
example.
Figure 5.2
Example of Specific Discharge Chart
30
REFERENCES
1.
HEC, USACE, HEC-HMS Quick Start Guide ver. 3.3, September 2008
2.
HEC, USACE, HEC-HMS Users Manual ver. 3.3, September 2008
3.
HEC, USACE, HEC-HMS Technical Reference Manual, March 2000
4.
HEC, USACE, HEC-HMS Applications Guide, March 2008
5.
PMO-FCSEC, DPWH, Specific Discharge Curve, Rainfall Intensity Duration Curve,

Isohyeto of Probable 1-day Rainfall, March 2003
6.
National Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), National Engineering Handbook,

Part 630: Hydrology, Chapter 16: Hydrographs, March 2007
Retrieved Sep., 2009 from
http://policy.nrcs.usda.gov/OpenNonWebContent.aspx?content=17755.wba
7.
Lin, Steve S.T. and Perkins, William At, Technical Memorandum DER 270: Review of
Pre-developed Runoff Analysis Methods volume I, .Water Resources Division,
Resource Planning Department, south Florida Water Management District , April 1989
Retrieved Sep., 2009 from
http://www.sfwmd.gov/portal/page/portal/pg_grp_tech_pubs/portlet_tech_pubs/dre-270.
pdf
31
Attachment
Runoff Analysis Input Data Processing Form
-Developing Hourly Rainfall Hyetograph
by Alternating Block Method-
A MS Excel file for this form is available at FCSEC.

Forms in this attachment are examples of 25-year
probable rainfall (5-year probable rainfall, only for
Method 4). For Methods 1 to 3, hyetographs for 2,
5, 10, 25, 50 and 100-year probable rainfall can be
produced automatically in one file.
00Start

Developing Hourly Rainfall Hyetograph by Alternating Block Method
Basic Information : River Basin Name
Catchment Area (km2) *
Practice
53.4
* : Catchment area of the total of all sub-basins
After filling two yellow cells above, then go to sheet "02Method".
Notes :
- This form helps users to develop hourly rainfall hyetographs by the Alternating Block
Method .
-
Black ltr.
and
Blue ltr.
Yellow cells: Requiring manual input.
Black ltr.
and
Blue ltr.
Clear cells: Automatically filled.
- Values in
Blue ltr.
and
Blue ltr.
should be utilized as inputs for
the runoff analysis with HEC-HMS.

-
Black ltr.
Shaded cells: Descriptions only.

Information in these cells are not used for computations.
References :
1 RIDF of Selected Synoptic PAGASA Station, Attachment 4.3 of "Specific Discharge
Curve, Rainfall Intensity Duration Curve, Isohyet of Probable 1-day Rainfall ", FCSEC,
March 2003
2 Iso-specific Coefficient, Attachment 4.4 of "Specific Discharge Curve, Rainfall Intensity
Duration Curve, Isohyet of Probable 1-day Rainfall ", FCSEC, March 2003
3 Isohyet of Probable 1-Day Rainfall, Attachment 4.5 of "Specific Discharge Curve, Rainfall
Intensity Duration Curve, Isohyet of Probable 1-day Rainfall ", FCSEC, March 2003
01StList

This work worksheet requires no data input
by users.
1. List of PAGASA Synoptic Station Having FCSEC's RDIF Curve
(RDIF curves are presented in Reference 1)
No. Sta. ID
1
222
2
223
3
232
4
233
5
324
6
325
7
328
8
330
9
333
10
425
11
427
12
429
13
430
14
432
15
434
16
435
17
440
18
444
19
446
20
526
21
531
22
536
23
538
24
543
25
546
26
548
27
550
28
558
29
618
30
630
31
637
32
642
33
644
34
646
35
648
36
653
37
741
38
748
39
751
40
753
41
755
42
826
43
851
Station
Vigan
Laoag
Aparri
Tuguegarao
Iba
Dagupan City
Baguio City
Cabanatuan
Baler
Port Area
Tayabas
NAIA (MIA)
Science Garden
Ambulong
Infanta
Alabat
Daet
Legaspi
Virac
Coron
San Jose
Romblon
Roxas City
Masbate
Catarman
Catbalogan
Tacloban City
Guiuan
Puerto Prinsesa
Cuyo
Iloilo City
Dumaguete City
Tagbilaran
Mactan International Airport
Maasin
Surigao
Dipolog
Cagayan de Oro
Malaybalay
Davao City
Hinatuan
Zamboanga City
General Santos
Region
Ilocos Sur
Ilocos Norte
Cagayan
Cagayan
Zambales
Pangasinan
Benguet
Nueva Ecija
Quezon
Manila
Quezon
Pasay City
Quezon City
Batangas
Quezon
Quezon
Camarines Norte
City Albay
Rader Catanduanes
Occidental Mindoro
Romblon
Aklan
Masbate
Northern Samar
Western Samar
Layte
Eastern Samar
Palawan
Palawan
Iloilo
Negros Oriental
Boholl
Cebu
Southern Layte
Surigao del Norte
Zamboanga del Norte
Misamis Oriental
Bukidnon
Davao del Sur
Surigao del Sur
Zamboanga del Sur
02Methods
Example of Method 1
2. Coefficients for Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency (RIDF) Curve
(1) Selection of Methods : Selection is OK.
Tick with "x" one of four methods accorting to your selection.
x Method 1: Apply FCSEC's RIDF curves at one of PAGASA synoptic stations on sheet "01StList"
Method 2: Manual input of coefficients for RDIF curves
Method 3: Develop RIDF curves based on iso-specific coefficient and isohyet of probable 1-day rain
Method 4: Manual input of hourly rainfall values (Go to Sheet "04Method4")
(2-1) Method 1 : Apply FCSEC's RIDF curves at a PAGASA synoptic station

This method is selected now.
* : Select one station ID from the table on sheet "01StList"
425 Name
Station ID*
PAGASA Synoptic Station
Port Area
Coefficients for RIDF Curves (from Reference 1)

Return
Period
(Year)
Short Duration (10min - 1hr)**

Type
Long Duration (1hr - 24 hr)

Type
Formula
T (min)
Type 1 :
4860.10
27.70
1.02
5426.08
58.15
0.92
16524.97
74.85
1.24
17502.14
185.91
1.02
10
27293.72
107.26
1.32
6017.42
89.62
0.85
(C
25
48845.51
167.53
1.43
26620.00
184.31
1.02
Type 2 :
50
69763.09
219.71
1.49
35363.86
200.22
1.05
100
82036.77
236.28
1.51
49935.14
221.44
1.08
R =
R=
A
+T
(C + T )b
** : Short duration curves are not applicable to this form.
(2-2) Method 2 : Manual input of coefficients for RIDF curves

This method is NOT selected now.
Coefficients for RIDF Curves (Manual Input)
Return
Period
(Year)
2
5

Type

Type
Formula
T (min)
Type 1 :
Short duration curves are not

applicable to this form.
R =
10
(C
25
Type 2 :
50
R=
100
A
+T
A
(C + T )b
(2-3) Method 3 : Iso-specific Coefficient and Isohyeto of Probable 1-day Rainfall

Location Interested
Specific Coefficient (from Reference 2)
Probable 1-day Rainfall
b (=log /(log24-log1))
Return Period (Year)
(from Reference 3)
R (mm)
1-day Rainfall Intensity
10
25
50
100
10
25
50
100
I24 = R/24 I24 (mm/hr)

b
Duration t (hours) It (mm/hr)

Return
Period
(Year)
R
24
24
I t = I 24 =
24
t
t
Rainfall Intensity for

Type

Type
A (=I24)
C (=24)
Formula
t (hr)
24
Type 3 :
24
10
24
25
C
R = A
t
24
50
24
A = I 24
100
24
C = 24

(2-4) Method 4 : Manual input of hourly rainfall values (Go to Sheet "04Method4")
Example of Method 1
03R25yr

Selected Method
X
Method 1 : Apply FCSEC's RIDF curves at a PAGASA synoptic station

Method 3: Develop RIDF curves based on iso-specific coefficient & isohyet of probable 1-day rain
Method 4: Manual input of hourly rainfall values (This sheet is not used. Go to Sheet "04Method4")
3-4.(1) Hourly Rainfall Distribution (Total Rainfall) (25-year Probable Rain)

25 PAGASA Synoptic Station
RIDF Curve Type
Coefficients
425 Port Area

26620
184.31
24
Storm (Rainfall) Duration for Runoff Analysis (Select from "7", "13" or "24" hours)
Duration
(hour)
Intensity
1.02
Cumula- Incremen- Hourly Rainfall Distribution
Design Hyetograph
(Total Rain, Point Rainfall)
(mm/hr) tive (mm) tal (mm/hr) by Alternating Block Method
d=c*a
7 hour 13 hour 24 hour
97.61
97.61
97.61
1.49
78.02
156.04
58.43
1.64
64.94
194.82
38.78
2.01
55.59
222.36
27.54
2.44
48.57
242.85
20.49
3.11
43.12
258.72
15.87
3.90
38.75
271.25
12.53
5.23
35.19
281.52
10.27
7.12
32.22
289.98
8.46
10.27
10
29.71
297.10
7.12
15.87
30
11
27.55
303.05
5.95
27.54
20
12
25.69
308.28
5.23
58.43
10
13
24.06
312.78
4.50
97.61
14
22.62
316.68
3.90
38.78
15
21.35
320.25
3.57
20.49
16
20.21
323.36
3.11
12.53
17
19.18
326.06
2.70
8.46
18
18.25
328.50
2.44
5.95
19
17.41
330.79
2.29
4.50
20
16.64
332.80
2.01
3.57
21
15.94
334.74
1.94
2.70
22
15.29
336.38
1.64
2.29
23
14.69
337.87
1.49
1.94
24
14.14
339.36
1.49
1.49
110
100
90
Total
80
Rainfall (mm/hr)
70
60
50
40
13
24
Time (hour)
339.36
Note : The above rainfall amount is the total rainfall, and losses are not considered.
An area reduction factor for Method 1 (and for Methods 2 and 4, according to conditions) are not considered yet
Area reduction factor should be manually input on Table (2).
Example of Method 1
03R25yr
Data Input Format for HEC-HMS

3-4.(2) Hourly Rainfall Distribution (Excess Rain with Area Reduction)
Name of River Practice
C. A. (km ) *
Area Reduction Factor fa
Applied
53.4
0.7745
0.7745
Manual Input
Time
Total Rain
Loss
25 Rainfall Duration (hour)
24
* :The total catchment area of all sub-basins.

for Method 1: Value computed in the above cell
for Method 2: 1.0 or value in the above cell (case-by-case)
for Method 3: 1.0
Excess Rain
(adjusted by fa)
Design Hyetograph
(Excess Rain, Basin Rainfall)
(%)
(hour)
(mm/hr)
(mm/hr)
(mm/hr)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Total
Max.
1.15
1.27
1.56
1.89
2.41
3.02
4.05
5.51
7.95
12.29
21.33
45.25
75.60
30.04
15.87
9.70
6.55
4.61
3.49
2.76
2.09
1.77
1.50
1.15
262.81
75.60
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.15
1.27
1.56
1.89
2.41
3.02
4.05
5.51
7.95
12.29
21.33
45.25
75.60
30.04
15.87
9.70
6.55
4.61
3.49
2.76
2.09
1.77
1.50
1.15
262.81
75.60
to total
0.44%
0.48%
0.59%
0.72%
0.92%
1.15%
1.54%
2.10%
3.02%
4.68%
8.12%
17.22%
28.77%
11.43%
6.04%
3.69%
2.49%
1.75%
1.33%
1.05%
0.80%
0.67%
0.57%
0.44%
100.0%
28.77%
HEC-HMS Input Data
80
70
60
50
Rainfall (mm/hr)
40
30
20
10
0
7
13
Time (hour)
24
02Methods
Example of Method 2
Method 1: Apply FCSEC's RIDF curves at one of PAGASA synoptic stations on sheet "01StList"
x Method 2: Manual input of coefficients for RDIF curves


Station ID*
Name

Return
Period
(Year)

Type

Type
Formula
T (min)
Type 1 :
R =
10
(C
25
Type 2 :
50
R=
100
A
+ T
(C + T )b

Return
Period
(Year)
459.44
0.00
0.58
649.58
0.00
0.56
10
3532.97
89.00
0.77
(C
25
8073.72
133.50
0.85
Type 2 :
50
26845.54
216.66
1.00
100
27489.24
209.17
0.99
Formula
Type
Type

T (min)
Type 1 :
R =
R=
A
+T
A
(C + T )b

Location Interested
(from Reference 3)
R (mm)
10
25
50
100
10
25
50
100
I24 = R/24 I24 (mm/hr)

b

Return
Period
(Year)
R
24
24
I t = I 24 =
24
t
t

Type

Type
A (=I24)
C (=24)
Formula
t (hr)
24
Type 3 :
24
10
24
25
C
R = A
t
24
50
24
A = I 24
100
24
C = 24

Example of Method 2
03R25yr

Selected Method


RIDF Curve Type
Coefficients
---
8073.72
133.50
24
Duration
(hour)
Intensity
0.85
Design Hyetograph
d=c*a
91.92
91.92
91.92
3.52
73.06
146.12
54.20
3.96
60.99
182.97
36.85
4.33
52.56
210.24
27.27
4.85
46.31
231.55
21.31
5.49
70
41.47
248.82
17.27
6.51
60
37.62
263.34
14.52
7.66
34.47
275.76
12.42
9.54
31.84
286.56
10.80
12.42
10
29.61
296.10
9.54
17.27
11
27.70
304.70
8.60
27.27
12
26.03
312.36
7.66
54.20
10
13
24.57
319.41
7.05
91.92
14
23.28
325.92
6.51
36.85
15
22.13
331.95
6.03
21.31
16
21.09
337.44
5.49
14.52
17
20.15
342.55
5.11
10.80
18
19.30
347.40
4.85
8.60
19
18.53
352.07
4.67
7.05
20
17.82
356.40
4.33
6.03
21
17.16
360.36
3.96
5.11
22
16.56
364.32
3.96
4.67
23
16.00
368.00
3.68
3.96
24
15.48
371.52
3.52
3.68
100
90
Rainfall (mm/hr)
80
50
40
30
Total
20
13
24
Time (hour)
371.52
Example of Method 2
03R25yr

C. A. (km ) *
Applied
53.4
0.7745
0.7745
Manual Input
Time
Total Rain
Loss
24

for Method 3: 1.0
Excess Rain
(adjusted by fa)
Design Hyetograph
(%)
(hour)
(mm/hr)
(mm/hr)
(mm/hr)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Total
Max.
2.73
3.07
3.35
3.76
4.25
5.04
5.93
7.39
9.62
13.38
21.12
41.98
71.19
28.54
16.50
11.25
8.36
6.66
5.46
4.67
3.96
3.62
3.07
2.85
287.75
71.19
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.73
3.07
3.35
3.76
4.25
5.04
5.93
7.39
9.62
13.38
21.12
41.98
71.19
28.54
16.50
11.25
8.36
6.66
5.46
4.67
3.96
3.62
3.07
2.85
287.75
71.19
to total
0.95%
1.07%
1.16%
1.31%
1.48%
1.75%
2.06%
2.57%
3.34%
4.65%
7.34%
14.59%
24.74%
9.92%
5.73%
3.91%
2.91%
2.31%
1.90%
1.62%
1.38%
1.26%
1.07%
0.99%
100.0%
24.74%
HEC-HMS Input Data
80
70
60
50
Rainfall (mm/hr)
40
30
20
10
0
7
13
Time (hour)
24
02Methods
Example of Method 3
x Method 3: Develop RIDF curves based on iso-specific coefficient and isohyet of probable 1-day rain

Station ID*
Name

Return
Period
(Year)

Type

Type
Formula
T (min)
Type 1 :
R =
10
(C
25
Type 2 :
50
A
+ T
R=
(C + T )b
100

Return
Period
(Year)
2
5

Type

Type
Formula
T (min)
Type 1 :

R =
10
(C
25
Type 2 :
50
A
+T
A
(C + T )b
R=
100

Batangas
Location Interested

7.3
(from Reference 3)
R (mm)
I24 = R/24 I24 (mm/hr)
0.626
10
25
50
100
155
230
270
330
365
400
10
25
50
100
6.458
9.583
11.250 13.750 15.208 16.667
R
24
24
I t = I 24 =
24
t
t

Return
Period
(Year)
Formula
Type
A (=I24)
C (=24)
6.458
24
0.626
Type 3 :
9.583
24
0.626
10
11.250
24
0.626
25
C
R = A
t
13.750
24
0.626
50
15.208
24
0.626
A = I 24
100
16.667
24
0.626
C = 24
2
5
Type

t (hr)
b
Example of Method 3
03R25yr

Selected Method

RIDF Curve Type
Coefficients
---
13.75
24.00
24
Duration
(hour)
Intensity
0.63
Design Hyetograph
d=c*a
101.82
101.82
101.82
5.24
65.79
131.58
29.76
5.28
50.96
152.88
21.30
5.73
42.51
170.04
17.16
6.11
36.94
184.70
14.66
6.65
32.93
197.58
12.88
7.35
29.88
209.16
11.58
8.08
27.47
219.76
10.60
9.11
25.51
229.59
9.83
10.60
10
23.87
238.70
9.11
12.88
30
11
22.48
247.28
8.58
17.16
20
12
21.28
255.36
8.08
29.76
10
13
20.23
262.99
7.63
101.82
14
19.31
270.34
7.35
21.30
15
18.49
277.35
7.01
14.66
16
17.75
284.00
6.65
11.58
17
17.09
290.53
6.53
9.83
18
16.48
296.64
6.11
8.58
19
15.93
302.67
6.03
7.63
20
15.42
308.40
5.73
7.01
21
14.96
314.16
5.76
6.53
22
14.52
319.44
5.28
6.03
23
14.12
324.76
5.32
5.76
24
13.75
330.00
5.24
5.32
110
100
90
Total
80
Rainfall (mm/hr)
70
60
50
40
13
24
Time (hour)
330.00
Example of Method 3
03R25yr

C. A. (km ) *
Applied
53.4
0.7745
1.0000
Manual Input
Time
Total Rain
Loss
24

for Method 3: 1.0
Excess Rain
(adjusted by fa)
Design Hyetograph
(%)
(hour)
(mm/hr)
(mm/hr)
(mm/hr)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Total
Max.
5.24
5.28
5.73
6.11
6.65
7.35
8.08
9.11
10.60
12.88
17.16
29.76
101.82
21.30
14.66
11.58
9.83
8.58
7.63
7.01
6.53
6.03
5.76
5.32
330.00
101.82
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.24
5.28
5.73
6.11
6.65
7.35
8.08
9.11
10.60
12.88
17.16
29.76
101.82
21.30
14.66
11.58
9.83
8.58
7.63
7.01
6.53
6.03
5.76
5.32
330.00
101.82
to total
1.59%
1.60%
1.74%
1.85%
2.02%
2.23%
2.45%
2.76%
3.21%
3.90%
5.20%
9.02%
30.85%
6.45%
4.44%
3.51%
2.98%
2.60%
2.31%
2.12%
1.98%
1.83%
1.75%
1.61%
100.0%
30.85%
HEC-HMS Input Data
110
100
90
80
70
Rainfall (mm/hr)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
7
13
Time (hour)
24
02Methods
Example of Method 4
x Method 4: Manual input of hourly rainfall values (Go to Sheet "04Method4")

Station ID*
Name

Return
Period
(Year)

Type

Type
Formula
T (min)
Type 1 :
R =
10
(C
25
Type 2 :
50
R=
100
A
+ T
(C + T )b

Return
Period
(Year)
2
5

Type

Type
Formula
T (min)
Type 1 :

R =
10
(C
25
Type 2 :
50
R=
100
A
+T
A
(C + T )b

Location Interested
(from Reference 3)
R (mm)
10
25
50
100
10
25
50
100
I24 = R/24 I24 (mm/hr)

b

Return
Period
(Year)
R
24
24
I t = I 24 =
24
t
t

Type

Type
A (=I24)
C (=24)
Formula
t (hr)
24
Type 3 :
24
10
24
25
C
R = A
t
24
50
24
A = I 24
100
24
C = 24

Example of Method 4
04Method4

Selected Method
Method 4 is selected now
4.(1) Hourly Rainfall Distribution (Total Rainfall)

5
24
Hourly Rainfall Distribution
Time
Design Hyetograph
(Total Rain, PointRainfall)
(hour)
2.42
2.56
2.72
2.92
3.15
3.44
3.80
4.29
4.98
10
6.06
11
8.07
12
13.99
13
47.84
14
10.01
15
6.88
16
5.45
17
4.60
18
4.03
19
3.61
20
3.28
21
3.03
22
2.82
23
2.64
24
2.49
60
50
Total
Rainfall (mm/hr)
40
30
20
10
0
7
13
24
Time (hour)
155.04
Example of Method 4
04Method4

4.(2) Hourly Rainfall Distribution (Excess Rain with Area Reduction)
2
C. A. (km ) *
Applied
53.4
0.7745
0.7745
Rainfall Duration (hour)
24

Input 1.0 or the computed fa value in the above cell.
Selection is according to the definition of the given rainfall data.
Manual Input
Total Rain
Loss
Excess Rain
(adjusted by fa)
Design Hyetograph
(%)
(hour)
(mm/hr)
(mm/hr)
(mm/hr)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Total
Max.
1.88
1.98
2.11
2.26
2.44
2.66
2.94
3.32
3.86
4.69
6.25
10.83
37.05
7.75
5.33
4.22
3.56
3.12
2.79
2.54
2.34
2.18
2.04
1.93
120.07
37.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.88
1.98
2.11
2.26
2.44
2.66
2.94
3.32
3.86
4.69
6.25
10.83
37.05
7.75
5.33
4.22
3.56
3.12
2.79
2.54
2.34
2.18
2.04
1.93
120.07
37.05
to total
1.57%
1.65%
1.76%
1.88%
2.03%
2.22%
2.45%
2.77%
3.21%
3.91%
5.21%
9.02%
30.86%
6.45%
4.44%
3.51%
2.96%
2.60%
2.32%
2.12%
1.95%
1.82%
1.70%
1.61%
100.0%
30.86%
HEC-HMS Input Data
40
30
Rainfall (mm/hr)
Time
20
10
0
7
13
Time (hour)
24

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DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND HIGHWAYS

JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

FCSEC HEC-HMS Manual

MANUAL ON RUNOFF COMPUTATION WITH HEC-HMS

2. MODEL APPLIED FOR THIS PRACTICE...............................................................................4

Selection of Runoff Analysis and Routine Methods ...........................................................4

3. PREPARING INPUT DATA.........................................................................................................6

4. HEC-HMS COMPUTATION .....................................................................................................12

Preparing for the Software Operation................................................................................13

5. EVALUATION OF HEC-HMS COMPUTATION RESULTS................................................30

FCSEC HEC-HMS Manual

with its detailed users manual and technical references.

Ver. 3.3 is the latest as of October

2009, and is used in this manual.

However, HEC-HMS enables users to develop a

basin model combining basin runoff and river routine.

Users need to download and

parameters in runoff analysis models should be determined based on the calibration

Purposes of Runoff Analysis

The runoff analysis derives discharge at reference points on downstream through

FCSEC HEC-HMS Manual

For Planning and design of

Basic Concept of Runoff Analysis

Engineers need to know discharges at reference points for

planning and designing flood control measures.

For instance, river channels and levees

Storage types of flood control measures,

However, discharge data are often not sufficiently adequate

limitations are often detected in observed discharge data.

Availability of discharge data is often lower than that of rainfall data.

Gauge keepers of manual stream gauges may

also have to evacuate during large floods.

FCSEC HEC-HMS Manual

Curves may not have been updated for a long period,

Rating curves at high water levels (discharge) are normally developed by

Therefore, the runoff analysis becomes necessary to derive discharge from

Runoff at downstream end of

Q3 : Design discharge for

All cross sections on this

All cross sections on this

Design Discharge Distribution

Developing Design Discharge Distribution Diagram from Runoff

Overall Procedures of Runoff Analysis with HEC-HMS

The runoff analysis involves the following three steps.

Each step is described in the chapters

A sample model applied for this practice is explained in Chapter 2.

FCSEC HEC-HMS Manual

Inputting subbasin and reach data to a basin model

Entering precipitation data

Creating control specifications

Evaluation of data (calibration)

MODEL APPLIED FOR THIS PRACTICE

Selection of Runoff Analysis and Routine Methods

Selection of several different unit hydrographs is available in HEC-HMS.

It was developed by the Soil Conservation Service (SCS,

presently Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) under US Department of

It should be noted that other

several selections in HEC-HMS, the Muskingum-Cunge method is applied to this practice.

Sample River Basin for Practice

FCSEC HEC-HMS Manual

Sample Model Basin (San Juan River Basin)

FCSEC HEC-HMS Manual

Extent used for this practice.

San Juan River

River reach and ID

PREPARING INPUT DATA

Physical conditions of subbasins