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ELSEVIER
Abstract
Below oxygen isotope stage 16, the orbitally derived time-scale developed by Shackleton et al. [1] from ODP site
677 in the equatorial Pacific differs significantly from previous ones [e.g., 2-5], yielding estimated ages for the last
Earth magnetic reversals that are 5 - 7 % older than the K / A r values [6-8] but are in good agreement with recent
A r / A r dating [9-11]. These results suggest that in the lower Brunhes and upper Matuyama chronozones most
deep-sea climatic records retrieved so far apparently missed or misinterpreted several oscillations predicted b y the
astronomical theory of climate. To test this hypothesis, we studied a high-resolution oxygen isotope record from
giant piston core MD900963 (Maldives area, tropical Indian Ocean) in which precession-related oscillations in t~180
are particularly well expressed, owing to the superimposition of a local salinity signal on the global ice volume signal
[12]. Three additional precession-related cycles are observed in oxygen isotope stages 17 and 18 of core MD900963,
compared to the SPECUAP composite curves [4,13], and stage 21 clearly presents three precession oscillations, as
predicted by Shackleton et al. [1]. The precession peaks found in the 3180 record from core MD900963 are in
excellent agreement with climatic oscillations predicted by the astronomical theory of climate. Our ~180 record
therefore permits the development of an accurate astronomical time-scale. Based on our age model, the BrunhesMatuyama reversal is dated at 775 + 10 ka, in good agreement with the age estimate of 780 ka obtained by
Shackleton et al. [1] and recent radiochronological A r / A r datings on lavas [9-11]. We developed a new low-latitude,
Upper Pleistocene ~180 reference record by stacking and tuning the 3180 records from core MD900963 and site 677
to orbital forcing functions.
1. Introduction
[PT]
Present address: Centre des Faibles Radioactivit&,
CNRS/CEA, Avenue de la Terrasse, BP 1, 91198 Gif-surYvette, France.
92
F.C. Bassinot et al. /Earth and Planetary Science Letters 126 (1994) 91-108
F.C Bassinot et aL / Earth and Planetary Science Letters 126 (1994) 91-108
8180 (%0)
0
0
-1
Paleomagnetic
-2
I
-3
I
93
-50
150
50
declination
(o)
250
%
10
~
11
20
oo
oo
E
1O.
0
C3
o
o
15
30
17
19
21
B/M
40
Hiatus
50
Fig. 1. Stable oxygen isotope stratigraphy and magnetic declinations in core MD900963.
94
F.C. Bassinot et al. / Earth and Planetary Science Letters 126 (1994) 91-108
(~1 8 0 (%o)
23].
Paleomagnetic m e a s u r e m e n t s were performed
with standard plastic cubes (8 cm 3) taken roughly
every 75 cm along the core, from the top of the
core and about 40 m. The mean sampling interval
was reduced to about 15 cm around the Brunh e s - M a t u y a m a reversal. In addition, U-channels
were measured in order to get continuous and
detailed records within specific intervals, selected
on the basis of the results of the single samples.
We followed the procedure described by Nagy
and Valet [24], involving m e a s u r e m e n t s every 2
cm using the high-resolution pick-up coils of a
three-axis cryogenic 2G magnetometer. Stepwise
alternating field demagnetization of the natural
remanent magnetization ( N R M ) up to 55 m T for
single samples and up to 40 m T for U-channels
was p e r f o r m e d within a shielded room at the
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris.
Results of single samples and U-channels paleomagnetic analyses are plotted versus depth in
Fig. 1 (single samples analyses are presented only
for intervals without U-channel data, with the
exception of the interval containing the Brunh e s - M a t u y a m a reversal for which both data sets
are shown on the figure). The sediments between
24.3 m (middle of section 18) and about 26.3 m
(end of section 19) present anomalous magnetic
declinations, with a constant angular deviation of
100 c o m p a r e d to values directly measured above
and below this interval. However, as is clearly
seen in Fig. 1, the location of the B / M reversal is
unambiguously identified from both sets of results. T h e r e is an abrupt change in declination at
35.13 m (observed from the U-channels) between
180 and 0 . Within the same interval the magnetization intensity is very low and the angular
variations between the successive directions isolated after each demagnetization step increase to
values exceeding 10 . This behaviour reveals a
zone (between 34.82 and 35.20 m) where it is
impossible to isolate a clear characteristic component, probably because the field intensity was too
low. A m o n g several possibilities, we cannot exclude that transitional directions could not be
recorded properly by the sediment within this
0
i
34
-1
i
I,~
-2
i
-3
I
34.5
35
,.C
Q. 35.5
36
36.5
37
81
I
-100
B/M
'ansition
80--11
I
0
Declination
I
100
I
200
(o)
(~180) of
F.C. Bassinot et aL / Earth and Planetary Science Letters 126 (1994) 91-108
Ice
6 ] S O (%0)
0
0
-2
~
~
~
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
300
---"-"~ 400
<
. . . . . . . . . . . .
volume
(arbitrary
- 1
95
Z.............
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
scale)
more ice
~
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i~
500
600
............................................ _~15
............................................
700
900
Fig. 3. Correlation of the MD900963 &zs0 record with the ice volume curve of [28] used as a target curve for the development of
96
F.C. Bassinot et al. /Earth and Planetary Science Letters 126 (1994) 91-108
F.C. Bassinot et al. / Earth and Planetary Science Letters 126 (1994) 91-108
Table 1
Control points used for our depth-to-age conversion in core
MD900963
Depth (m)
Age (ka)
0.010
3.365
7.735
9.750
11.120
13.335
14.525
17.990
19.320
20.120
21.020
22.235
23.095
23.735
24.915
25.615
26.725
27.935
29.750
31.910
33.130
34.420
35.515
38.410
39.905
6.0
70.0
127.0
160.0
187.0
243.0
281.0
346.0
384.0
396.0
427.0
459.0
480.0
500.0
510.0
525.0
539.0
577.0
622.0
683.0
721.0
759.0
789.0
864.0
907.0
97
98
F.C. Bassinot et aL / Earth and Planetary Science Letters 126 (1994) 91-108
a very i m p r e s s i v e m a t c h c a n b e a c h i e v e d b e t w e e n
t h e t~180 r e c o r d o f c o r e M D 9 0 0 9 6 3 a n d t h e ice
v o l u m e curve (Figs. 3 a n d 4). T h e s e a d d i t i o n a l
p e a k s a r e also o b s e r v e d at site 677 [1], suggesting
t h a t t h e y a r e p r o b a b l y t r u e f e a t u r e s o f t h e oxygen
i s o t o p e s t r a t i g r a p h y a n d d o n o t r e s u l t f r o m distortion of the MD900963 record.
F u r t h e r i m p r o v e m e n t s in o u r t i m e - s c a l e w e r e
p e r f o r m e d by fine t u n i n g t h e e x t r a c t e d p r e c e s s i o n
c o m p o n e n t s o f t h e 6180 r e c o r d to t h e p r e c e s s i o n
c o m p o n e n t s o f t h e ice v o l u m e m o d e l using t h e
inverse a p p r o a c h for signal c o r r e l a t i o n o f M a r t i n son [30] with 21 coefficients. B o t h r e c o r d s w e r e
SPECMAP stack
(%o)
1
-1
-2
i
600
== 15.5
8180 M D 9 0 0 9 6 3
5 I s o o D P Site 6 7 7
0;o)
(%o)
-1
f i l t e r e d using b a n d - p a s s filters c e n t r e d at a p e riod o f a b o u t 22 kyr. T h e 6180 r e c o r d was filt e r e d using a slightly l a r g e r b a n d - p a s s filter to
i n c l u d e essentially all o f t h e d i s t o r t e d p r e c e s s i o n
v a r i a n c e t h a t c o u l d have b e e n s m e a r e d to neighb o u r i n g f r e q u e n c y b a n d s d u e to a slight inaccuracy in o u r initial age m o d e l . This s e c o n d t u n i n g
s t e p l e a d to m i n o r age a d j u s t m e n t s t h a t d i d n o t
e x c e e d 3,500 yr. T h e d e p t h s , final ages a n d 6180
v a l u e s o f c o r e M D 9 0 0 9 6 3 a r e given in T a b l e 2.
T h e final t u n e d 6~80 curve was b a n d - p a s s
f i l t e r e d a g a i n to extract t h e p r e c e s s i o n c o m p o n e n t s a n d t h e n c o m p a r e d to e x t r a c t e d p r e c e s s i o n
-2
-3
-1
-2
-3
650
17.1
17.3
8.3
700
17
-4
-4
-4
19.1
<
750
-4
---4
-t
19
800
1
850
900
I
more
Ice
I
ice
volume
(arbitrary
scale)
I
~--Ice
more
ice
volume
(arbitrary
scale)
4--more
ice
Ice
volume
(arbitrary scale)
Fig. 4. Stratigraphy of the lower Brunhes interval. The ice volume model [28] is superimposed on the orbitally tuned SPECMAPstack
(left) [4] and the tuned 6180 records from core MD900963 (middle; this paper) and site 677 (right) [1]. An impressive match can be
seen between the 'MD900963 record and the ice volume model. On the figures, oxygen isotope events are labelled according to
Prell et al. [13]. In the MD900963 record, stage 19 is unambiguously recognized on the basis of the location of the BrunhesMatuyama boundary, but the details of stages 17-19 cannot be identified by reference to the SPECMAPstack; they do, however,
resemble the equivalent part of ODP Site 677.
F.C. Bassinot et al. / Earth and Planetary Science Letters 126 (1994) 91-108
a180 (%0)
0
0
200
-1
I
..........~
4oo ........
-2
t
Ice v o l u m e m o d e l
filtered
6~80filtered
-0.2
-3
I
.......
99
0.2
i
- 4
i
. . . .
0
i
4
i
. . . .
. . . . . . . . .
600
800
1000
Fig. 5. The tuned 8180 curve from core MD900963 (left) is band-pass filtered to extract its precession components (middle). The
filtered record is compared with precession cycles of the ice volume curve extracted using the same filter centered at about 22 kyr
(right).
F.C. Bassinot et al. /Earth and Planetary Science Letters 126 (1994) 91-108
100
Table 2
Depths, final ages (after improvement of the chronology using inverse approach for signal correlation [30], see text for details) and
oxygen isotope values for core MD900963
Depth
(m)
Age 8180
(ka) (%0)
Depth
(m)
Age 8180
(ka) (%0)
Depth
(m)
0.010
0.060
0.100
0.155
0.200
0.255
0.300
0.335
0,370
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
0.785
0.900
1.100
1,200
1.300
1.515
1.590
1.680
1.790
1.880
1.980
2.070
2.280
2.375
2.475
2.675
2.775
2.880
3.075
3.165
3.265
3.365
3.475
3.575
3.665
3.765
3.875
3.985
4.065
4.165
6.0
6.9
7.7
8.7
9.5
10.5
11.4
12.0
12.7
13.2
15.1
16.9
18.8
20.3
22.5
26.2
28.1
29.9
33.9
35.4
37.0
39.1
40.8
42.7
44.4
48.4
50.2
52.1
55.9
57.8
59.8
63.6
65.3
67.2
69.2
70.6
72.0
73.2
74.5
75.9
77.4
78.5
79.8
4.265
4.375
4.465
4.645
4.745
4.845
4.945
5.045
5.145
5.245
5.345
5.445
5.545
5.645
5.745
5,845
5.945
6.055
6.170
6.270
6.365
6.465
6.565
6.665
6.765
6.865
6.965
7.065
7.160
7.260
7.355
7.455
7.555
7.645
7.735
7.835
7.930
8,025
8.125
8.230
8.325
8.425
8,525
81.1 -1.45
8 2 . 6 -1.88
83.8 -1.91
86.2 -1.73
87.5 -1.61
8 8 . 9 -1.61
9 0 . 2 -1.55
9 1 . 5 -1.34
9 2 . 9 -1.99
9 4 . 2 -1.99
95.6 -2.30
9 6 . 9 -2.34
9 8 . 2 -2.18
99.6 -2.43
100,9-2.15
102.2-1.91
103.6-2.04
105,0 - 2 . 2 2
106,6-1.56
107,9 - 1 . 8 1
109,2-1.77
110,5 - 1 . 8 2
111,8 - 1 . 9 8
113,2 - 1 . 6 9
114,5 - 2 . 3 9
115,8 - 2 . 5 4
117,1 -2.66
118.5 -2.64
119,7 - 2 . 9 5
121,0-3.10
122,3 -2.96
123,6 - 2 . 8 9
124,9 - 2 . 9 1
126.1 -2.30
12713 - 1 . 4 5
128.9 -0.96
130.5 - 0 . 8 7
132.1 -0.50
133.7 - 1 , 2 5
135.4-0.50
137.0-0.98
138.6-0.82
140.3 - 0 , 9 1
8.625 141.9-0.87
8.725 143.6 - 0 . 9 8
8.825 145.2 - 1 . 3 2
8.930 146.9 - 1 . 2 3
9.060 149.0 -1.46
9.150 150.5-0.89
9.250 152.1 -1.06
9.350 153.8 -1.06
9.450 155.4 - 1 . 2 9
9.550 157.0 -0.96
9.660 158.8-0.93
9.750 160.3-1.50
9.850 162.3 -1.49
9.950 164.3 - 1 . 6 8
10.050 166.2-1.38
10.150 168.2-1.61
10.210 169.4-1.26
10.240 170.0 - 0 . 7 8
10.270 170.6-1.45
10.340 172.0 - 1 . 4 1
10.430 173.7-1.39
10.520 175.5 - 0 . 9 7
10.620 177.5 - 1 . 3 3
10.720 179.5 -1.54
10.820 181.5 - 1 . 1 8
11.020 185.4 - 1 . 7 7
11.120 187.4 - 1 . 7 7
11.220 190.0 - 2 . 6 9
11.320 192.5 - 2 . 3 9
11.420 195.1 - 2 . 3 4
11.520 197.6 - 1 . 4 3
11.670 201.4-1.42
11.830 205.5 - 1 . 6 3
11.950 208.6-2.14
12.030 210.6 - 2 . 1 6
12.130 213.2 - 2 . 5 6
12.230 215.8 -1.82
12.430 220.9 - 1 . 6 1
12.530 223.4 - 1 . 4 4
12.630 226.0-1.18
12.730 228.5 - 1 . 0 7
12.830 231.1 - 1 . 6 7
12.930 233.7 -2.04
-2.58
-2.90
-2.59
-2.07
-1.87
-1.97
-1.48
-t.37
-0.72
-0.72
-0.81
-0.45
-0.66
-0.99
-1.06
-1.01
-1.30
-1.30
-1.15
-1.23
-1.08
-1.22
-1.18
-1.18
-1.08
-1.25
-1.49
-1.24
-1.37
-1.29
-1.13
-1.24
-1.19
-1.23
-1.44
-2.00
-1.24
-1.76
-1.80
-1.79
-1.94
-1.88
-1.81
Age 8180
(ka) (%0)
Depth
(m)
Age 8180
(ka) (%0
13.030 236.2-2.31
13.130 238.8 - 2 . 6 5
13.335 244.2 - 1 . 2 2
13.435 247.2 - 0 . 6 2
13.535 250.5 -1.29
13.635 253.7-1.20
13.735 256,9 -0.94
13.835 260,1 - 1 . 3 3
13.935 263,3 -l.17
14.035 266,6 -1.02
14.145 270,1 -0.87
14,235 273,0-1.29
14.335 276,2 - 1 . 2 5
14.435 279.4 - 1 . 2 1
14.525 282.3-1.48
14.625 284.2-l.78
14.845 288.3-1,79
14.945 290.2 - 1 . 7 1
15.045 292.1 -1.49
15.135 293.8 -1.50
15.235 295.7-1.14
15.330 297.5 -1.56
15.430 299.4 -1.29
15.535 301.4 - 1 . 5 1
15.635 303.2 -1.81
15.855 307.4 - 2 . 0 3
15.955 309.3 - 2 . 0 8
16.055 311.2 - 2 . 2 4
16.155 313.1 - 1 . 9 8
16.255 315.0-1.73
16.355 316.8 - 1 . 8 1
16.455 318.7 - 1 . 5 1
16.555 320.6 - 1 . 8 5
16.655 322.5 -2.06
16.755 324.4 -2.31
16.855 326.3 - 2 . 6 5
16.955 328.2 -2.64
17.055 330.1 - 2 . 4 2
17.260 334.0 -2.00
17.300 334.8-0.89
17.440 337.4-0.84
17.540 339.3-0.56
17.740 343.1 -0.80
Depth
(m)
Age (5180
(ka) (%0)
17.840 345.0-1.17
17.910 346.3 -1.13
17.990 347.8 -1.60
18.090 350.7 -1.81
18.260 355.6 -0.94
18.340 357.9-0.95
18.440 360,7 -1.04
18.540 363.5 -1.12
18.650 366.6 -1.33
18.755 369.6 -1.39
18.830 371.7-1.64
18.930 374.5 -1.58
19.030 377.3 -1.44
19.120 379.8 -1.56
19.220 382.5-1.96
19.320 385.2-2.25
19.420 386.7-2.29
19.520 388.1 -1.94
19.620 389.5 -1.64
19.730 391.1 -1.44
19.820 392.4-1.86
19.920 393.8 -1.81
20.020 395.2 -1.88
20.120 396.6 -2.32
20.230 400.2 -2.42
20.320 403.1 -2.92
20.420 406.3 -2.58
20.520 409.6-2.77
20.620 412,8 -2.22
20.720 416.1 -2.01
20.820 419.3 -1.94
20.920 422.6 -1.25
21.020 426.0 -0.49
21.120 428,5 -0.59
21.220 431.1 -0.51
21.320 433.7 -0.60
21.410 436.1 -1.23
21.630 441,9 -1.02
21.750 445,1 -1.04
21.835 447.4-2.53
21.935 450.1 -1.15
22.035 452.8-1.71
22.135 455.5 -1.11
F.C. Bassinot et al. / Earth and Planetary Science Letters 126 (1994) 91-108
101
Table 2 (continued)
Depth
(m)
Age 8180
(ka) (%~)
Depth
(m)
Age 8180
(ka) (%o)
Depth
(m)
Age 8180
(ka) (%~)
Depth
(m)
Age 8180
(ka) (%~)
22.235
22.335
22.435
22.515
22.725
22.835
22.915
22.995
23.095
23.335
23.435
23.535
23.635
23.735
23.845
23.945
24.035
24.135
24.335
24.435
24.735
24.835
24.915
25.015
25.065
25.115
25.215
25.315
25.415
25.515
25.615
25.715
25.815
25.915
26.015
26.155
26.245
26.425
26.525
26.625
26.725
26.825
26.925
458.2 -1.59
460.8 -1.20
463.3 -1.37
465.3 -1.61
470.6-1.40
473.4-2.01
475.4-1.81
477.3 -1.92
479.8-2.10
487.4 -1.88
490.5 -1.64
493.6-2.13
496.7 -2.04
499.8 -2.21
500.7 -2.15
501.5 -2.23
502.3 -1.60
503.1 -1.86
504.7 -1.71
505.6-1.76
508.0 -1.10
508.8 -0.78
509.5 -0.55
511.6 -1.44
512.6 -1.43
513.6 -1.89
515.7 -1.41
517.7 -1.27
519.8 -1.73
521.8 -2.55
523.9 -2.55
525.1 -2.08
526.3 -1.54
527.5 -1.84
528.7 -1.54
530.4 -1.59
531.5 -1.32
533.7 -1.52
534.9 -1.11
536.1 -1.41
537.3 -1.15
540.4-1.34
543.5 -1.04
26.955
27.025
27.230
27.335
27.435
27.535
27.635
27.735
27.835
27.935
28.035
28.135
28.235
28.335
28.435
28.535
28.660
28.750
28.850
28.940
29.035
29.140
29.240
29.340
29.440
29.540
29.650
29.750
29.840
29.940
30.035
30.220
30.320
30.520
30.620
30.720
30.920
31.020
31.120
31.220
31.320
31.420
31.520
544.4 -1.90
546.5 -1.37
553.1 -1.93
556.2 -1.95
559.3-1.69
562.4-1.88
565.6 -1.80
568.7 -2.01
571.9 -2.44
575.0-2.33
577.5 -1.22
580.0-1.57
582.5 -1.26
585.0 -1.38
587.5 -1.61
590.0-1.56
593.1 -2.33
595.4 -2.05
597.9 -2.23
600.2 -2.14
602.6-1.64
605.2 -0.97
607.7 -1.68
610.3 -2.20
612.8 -2.10
615.4 -2.25
618.2 -2.08
620.8 -1.13
623.4 -0.28
626.4 -0.19
629.2 -0.23
634.7 -0.72
637.6 -1.10
643.6-1.17
646.6 -0.87
649.5 -0.80
655.4 -1.06
658.3 -1.06
661.3 -1.54
664.2 -1.65
667.1 -1.71
669.9-1.75
672.8 -1.57
31.620
31.670
31.810
31.910
32.010
32.110
32.210
32.310
32.410
32.510
32.610
32.710
32.760
32.810
32.910
33.110
33.130
33.240
33.320
33.410
33.520
33.620
33.720
33.820
33.920
34.020
34.120
34.220
34.320
34.420
34.675
34.745
34.815
34.915
35.015
35.115
35.215
35.315
35.415
35.515
35.615
35.715
35.815
675.6 -1.48
677.0-1.73
681.0 -1.42
683.8 -2.71
686.9-2.41
689.9-2.14
693.0-1.98
696.0-1.78
699.0 -1.71
702.0 -1.59
705.1 -1.88
708.1 -1.88
709.6 -1.86
711.1 -1.20
714.1 -1.05
720.2 -0.78
720.8 -0.73
724.0-1.43
726.3 -1.31
728.9-1.66
732.1 -1.51
735.1 -1.23
738.0 -1.23
741.0 -1.22
744.0 -0.96
746.9 -1.15
749.9-1.01
752.9-1.47
755.9 -1.53
758.9 -1.81
766.0 -2.09
768.0-1.79
769.9 -1.68
772.7 -1.82
775.5 -1.34
778.2-1.79
781.0-2.43
783.7 -2.03
786.4 -2.28
789.2 -1.25
791.7 -0.96
794.3-0.40
796.9 -0.84
35.915
36.015
36.170
36.270
36.340
36.415
36.515
36.615
36.715
36.815
36.915
37.015
37.115
37.215
37.315
37.435
37.520
37.715
37.810
37.905
38.005
38.105
38.205
38.315
38.410
38.515
38.605
38.715
38.815
38.915
39.025
39.115
39.170
39.215
39.265
39.315
39.415
39,515
39.615
39.715
39.795
39.905
799.4 -1.00
802.0-0.96
805.9 -1.28
808.5 -1.38
810.3-1.40
812.2-1.43
814.8 -1.74
817.3 -1.72
819.9 -1.86
822.5 -2.06
825.0-1.80
827.6-1.38
830.2-1.54
832.8 -1.78
835.4 -1.69
838.5 -2.41
840.8 -2.16
845.8 -1.48
848.3 -1.41
850.8 -1.52
853.3 -1.92
855.9 -2.15
858.5 -2.29
861.3 -2.11
863.7 -1.47
866.6 -0.73
869.0-0.51
872.0 -0.61
874.7 -0.78
877.4 -0.91
880.3 -0.89
882.6-0.66
884.0 -0.64
885.2 -0.97
886.4 -0.92
887.7 -1.38
890.2 -1.35
892.7 -1.02
895.1 -1.51
897.6 -1.50
899.5 -1.32
902.2-1.26
Berger and Loutre [29]. The sign of the precession index was reversed prior to stacking so that
positive changes in this signal have the same
102
The age error associated with our tuning procedure is estimated to be +5 kyr [17] and our
tuning solution results in an age estimate of about
775 + 10 ka for the Brunhes/Matuyama magnetic reversal located at 35.01_ 0.19 m in core
MD900963, in good agreement with age estimate
of 780 ka given by Shackleton et al. [1]. This age
is also in good agreement with recent results from
4Ar/39Ar incremental heating studies on series
of lavas from Maui, New Zealand and Valles,
which give ages of 783 + 11 ka, 780 + 30 ka and
780 + 10 ka, respectively [9-11]. This good agreement, and the fact that the tuned 6180 record
from core MD900963 shows very strong co-
.......
Ef'P
- -
~180
41
100
0
u)
23
E~
0
>,
(/)
E:
";' "?
"]"'";', ,,
. ,"":""
"
"0
G)
o
(. m
>
1
~
0e-
0.8
tO
0.4
0.6
0.20
' ' ' ' r ' ' ' ' [ ' ' ' ' I ....
0.01
0.02
0.03
Frequency
0.04
0.05
(cycles/kyr)
0.06
0.07
Fig. 6. Coherency and variance spectra resulting from cross-spectrum analysis of the orbitally tuned 6180 record from core
MD900963 and an ETP record (formed by normalizing and stacking variations in eccentricity, obliquity and precession).
103
Low
Latitude
(MD900963
S P E C M A P Stack
(%0)
2
0
1
I
0
~
Stack
+ Site 677)
(8180 - %0)
-1
~
-2
.I
2.2 ~
-1
-2
-)-
-3
0
3.1
3.3
5.1
~
100
6.2 ~
5.3
100
5.5
6.6
7.2 ~
200
7.1
74~~--~--82
8:4
'%'~'-------~
8.6 ~
300
200
7.3
7.5
8.5
300
9.2 ~
9.3
10.2 ~ 1 0 . 3
.
10.4
c'-------..._.~ 11,1
11.2Z ~
11.24
400
12.2 ~
11.23
400
11.
13.12 ~_~13.11
13.2 ~ 1 3 . 1 3
<
500
~3.3
" 14.2
600
15.4 ~
~
700
-
15.5
, ~ 1
17"4~17. 5
600
700
18"2~18.3
18.4
500
..______._______....>19. 1
~
8OO
800
21"4~21.
22.2 ~ - - - ' - - ~
I
I
[
I
J
I
900
900
Fig. 7. Left: the SPECMAPstack plotted against age using the time scale developed by Imbrie et al. [4]. Right: the low-latitude stack
(this study) tuned to the ice volume prediction model of Imbrie and Imbrie [28]. Based on this alternative stack for the upper
Pleistocene, we propose a revision of the numbering of the isotopic events (bold and underlined numbers).
F.C. Bassinot et aL /Earth and Planetary Science Letters 126 (1994) 91-108
104
Table 3
Data of the smoothed, low-latitude oxygen isotope stack as a function of age
Age
(ka)
6 -2.04
8 -1.09
10 -0.15
12 0.68
14 1 . 6 3
16 1.85
18 1.84
20 1.64
22 1.36
24 1.23
26 1.11
28 0.94
30 0,70
32 0.53
34 0.50
36 0.51
38 0.52
40 0.55
42 0.52
44 0,5l
46 0.39
48 0.29
50 0.18
52 0.07
54 0.14
56 0.24
58 0.35
60 0,45
62 0.47
64 0.49
66 0.47
68 0.35
70 -0.04
72 -0,34
74 -0.54
76 -0,78
78 -0.85
80 -0.83
82 -0.82
84 -0.53
86 -0.08
88 -0.09
90 -0,54
92 -1.05
94 -1.22
96 - 1 . 3 1
98 -1.30
100-1.15
102-1.00
104 -0.72
106 -0.53
108 -0.64
110 -0.83
112 -0.94
Age
(ka)
Age
(ka)
Age
(ka)
Age
(ka)
Age
(ka)
Age
(ka)
Age
(ka)
Age
(ka)
114-1.17
116 -1.52
118-1.87
120-2.47
122-2.54
124 -2.01
126 -1.07
128 0.35
130 1 . 4 8
132 1.66
134 1.72
136 1.66
138 1.64
140 1.61
142 1.55
144 1.38
146 1.15
148 1.02
150 1.03
152 1.04
154 0.94
156 1.04
158 1.19
160 1,07
162 0.78
164 0.76
166 0.80
168 0,91
170 1.15
172 1.02
174 1.11
176 1 . 0 7
178 0.96
180 0.79
182 0.61
184 0.49
186 -0.12
188 -0.65
190 -0.95
192 -I,19
194-1.27
196 -0,96
198-0,69
200 -0,50
202 -0,36
204-0,36
206 -0.48
208-0.59
210-0.67
212 -0.82
214 -0.75
216 -0.44
218 -0.18
220 0,08
222 0.42
224 0.71
226 0.65
228 0.40
230 0.01
232 -0.47
234 -0.90
236-0.83
238-0.55
240-0.21
242 0.12
244 0.57
246 0.98
248 1.11
250 1.12
252 1.03
254 1.00
256 0.97
258 0.95
260 0.91
262 0.89
264 1.03
266 1.07
268 1.02
270 0.94
272 0.83
274 0.68
276 0.57
278 0.46
280 0.26
282 -0.24
284-0.57
286-0.76
288 -0.87
290 -0.63
292 -0.15
294 0.06
296 0.13
298 -0.05
300 -0.24
302-0.55
304 -0.70
306-0.81
308 -0.95
310 -I.00
312-0.97
314 -0.91
316-0.84
318-0.93
320 -1.02
322 -1.25
324 -1.55
326 -1.95
328 -2,15
330-1.68
332 -1.09
334-0.40
336 0.96
338 1.49
340 1.70
342 1.69
344 1.52
346 0.97
348 0.47
350 0.45
352 0.52
354 0.62
356 0.86
358 0.99
360 0.96
362 0.83
364 0.63
366 0.39
368 0.16
370 0.06
372 0.09
374 0.17
376 0.14
378 -0.02
380-0.24
382 -0.46
384 -0.60
386 -0.63
388 -0.51
390 -0.37
392-0.40
394-0.57
396 -0.91
398 -1.27
400 -1.69
402 -2.17
404 -2.49
406 -2.60
408 -2.64
410-2.50
412 -2.31
414-2.07
416 -1.79
418 -1.48
420-1.13
422 -0.75
424-0.18
426 0.45
428 0.97
430 1.45
432 1.82
434 1.96
436 1,92
438 1 . 7 8
440 1.59
442 1 . 4 5
444 1 . 3 6
446 1 . 2 7
448 1.02
450 0.66
452 0,5l
454 0.25
456 0.30
458 0.45
460 0.23
462 0.28
464 0.16
466 0.12
468 0.14
470-0.03
472-0.23
474-0.39
476 -0.69
478 -0.88
480 -0.91
482-0.90
484-0.86
486 -0.82
488-0.76
490 -0.60
492 -0.56
494 -0.61
496 -0.75
498 -0,77
500-0.85
502-0.60
504 -0.49
506 0.08
508 0.55
510 0.59
512 0.24
514 -0.08
516 -0.08
518-0.13
520 -0.43
522-0.85
524 -1.14
526 -0.78
528-0.33
530 -0.04
532 0.11
534 0.18
536 0.23
538 0.18
540 0.01
542 0.04
544 -0.01
546-0.17
548 -0.42
550-0.74
552-0.79
554-0.84
556 -0.92
558 -1.13
560-1.20
562-1.18
564-1.15
566 -1.18
568 -1.27
570 -1.42
572 -1.58
574-1.64
576-1.32
578-0.87
580-0.33
582-0.11
584 -0.13
586 -0.23
588 -0.50
590-0.84
592-1.05
594 -1.31
596-1.24
598 -1.08
600 -0.81
602 -0.47
604 -0.36
606 -0.47
608-0.75
610-1.14
612 -1.39
614 -1.45
616 -1.29
618 -0.86
620 -0.17
622 0.72
624 1.62
626 2.15
628 2.37
630 2.30
632 2.15
634 2.00
636 1.79
638 1.49
640 1.41
642 1.35
644 1.31
646 1.35
648 1.29
650 1.21
652 1.16
654 1.10
656 0.82
658 0.47
660 0.22
662 0.02
664 -0.15
666 -0.20
668 -024
670 -0.26
672 -0.31
674 -0.37
676 -0.45
678 -0.56
680 -0.73
682 -0.93
684 -1.12
686 -1.27
688 -1.38
690 - 1.41
692 -1.13
694 -0.85
696 -0.59
698 -0.37
700 -0.24
702 -0.21
704 -0.30
706 -0.40
708 -0.42
710 -0.35
712 0,47
714 0.96
716 1.19
718 1.22
720 1.25
722 1.00
724 0.69
726 0.36
728 0.07
730 0.04
732 0.08
734 0.12
736 0.21
738 0.33
740 0.44
742 0.54
744 0.64
746 0.76
748 0.86
750 0.88
752 0.89
754 0.91
756 0.92
758 0.57
760 0.11
762 -0.47
764 -0.68
766 -0.81
768 -0.77
770 -0.65
772 -0.55
774 -0.64
776 -0.85
778 -1.06
780 -1.20
782 -1.16
784 -0.70
786 -0.18
788 0.45
790 1.14
792 1.50
794 1.59
796 1.53
798 1.35
800 1.08
802 0.94
804 0.79
806 0.53
808 0.36
810 0.17
812 -0.06
814 -0.26
816 -0.46
818 -0.72
820 -0.80
822 -0.76
824 -0.61
826 -0.38
828 -0.32
830 -0.37
832 -0.51
834 -0.79
836 -0.93
838 -1.01
840 -0.94
842 -0.77
844 -0.60
846 -0.41
848 -0.19
850 -0.29
852 -0.49
854 -0.74
856 -1.01
858 -1.03
860 -0.85
862 -0.47
864 0.24
866 0.94
868 1.52
870
872
874
876
878
880
882
884
886
888
89O
1.86
1.90
1.83
1.72
1.60
1.54
1.59
1.58
1.53
1.25
O.7O
F.C. Bassinot et al. / Earth and Planetary Science Letters 126 (1994) 91-108
105
volume model of Imbrie and Imbrie [28] introduces constant phase lags between the oscillations in the insolation forcing at 65N in July and
the computed ice volume responses to which we
tuned the oxygen isotopic record from core
MD900963. In the precession band, this phase lag
is of the order of 5 kyr [4, 28]. These phase lags
may be subject to revision. Recent work on U / T h
dating by mass spectrometry [e.g., 35] has shown
that corrections must be performed on the ~4C
age of the last glacial maximum, which is one of
the six control points used by Imbrie and Imbrie
[28] to constrain their ice volume model.
106
F.C. Bassinot et al. / Earth and Planetary Science Letters 126 (1994) 91-108
Table 4
Ages of the isotopic events in the low-latitude oxygen isotope
stack
Isotopic Age
event
7. Conclusions
Using the high-resolution t~180 record obtained in the giant piston core MD900963 ( ~ 53
m) retrieved east of the Maldives platform, we
show that several oscillations in the lower Brunh e s - u p p e r Matuyama chronozones that are predicted by the astronomical theory of climate were
apparently missing in the deep-sea paleoclimatic
records first used for developing astronomically
derived time-scales for the Late Pleistocene. In
the detailed 6180 record of core MD900963, additional precession-related peaks are clearly observed in oxygen isotope stages 17 and 18 compared to the composite curves proposed by the
SPECMAP scientists [4,12] and stage 21 presents
three precession-related oscillations, as recently
suggested by Shackleton et al. [1]. These extra
peaks result in an excellent match between the
6180 record and the ice volume model of Imbrie
et al. [13], which is used as a target curve for
developing an orbitally derived age model in core
MD900963.
Based on our orbitally derived age model, the
Brunhes-Matuyama reversal (which is located in
the upper part of the stage 19 in core MD900963)
(ka)
Isotopic
Age
event
(ka)
Isotopic Age
event
(ka)
2.0
11
8.6
295
15.3
594
2.2
17
9.0
301
15.4
604
3.0
24
9.1
309
15.5
615
3.1
30
9.2
315
16.0
621
3.3
52
9.3
928
16.2
628
4.0
57
10.0
334
16.3
642
4.2
62
10.2
340
17.0
659
5.0
71
10.3
349
17.1
666
5.1
79
10.4
357
17.2
**
5.2
86
11.0
364
17.3
688
5.3
97
11.1
369
17.4
699
5.4
106
11.22
375
17.5
708
5.5
122
11.23
384
18.0
712
6.0
127
11.24
390
18.2
718
6.2
133
11.3
406
18.3
729
6.3
**
12.0
427
18.4
754
6.4
**
12.2
434
19.0
760
6.5
**
12.3
458
19.1
765
6.6
**
12.4
468
19.2
772
7.0
186
13.0
474
19.3
782
7.1
194
13.11
481
20.0
787
7.2
202
13.12
491
20.2
793
7.3
213
13.13
500
21.1
820
7.4
225
13.2
510
21.2
828
7.5
236
13.3
524
21.3
838
8.0
242
14.0
528
21.4
847
8.2
248
14.2
536
21.5
858
8.3
258
15.0
568
22.0
865
8.4
266
15.1
573
22.2
871
8.5
287
15.2
582
22.3
879
[1].
Finally, we developed an alternative, low-latitude, Late Pleistocene t~180 reference record by
F.C. Bassinot et al. / Earth and Planetary Science Letters 126 (1994) 91-108
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to L. Beaufort for fruitful
discussions. We thank all the members of the
SEYMAMA expedition during which the giant
coring system developed by Y. Balut allowed the
recovery of exceptionally long cores. Special
thanks go to B. LeCoat, and J. Antignac for the
isotopic analysis and to N. Buchet for help in
sample preparation. This work was supported by
funding from I N S U / C N R S (under PNEDC, DBT
and IST programs) and TAAF. This is contribution No. 696 of DBT, No. 94004 of LGQ, No.
1588 of CFR, and No. 1322 of IPGP.
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