ESE-2017 PRELIMS TEST SERIES SOLUTIONS 16TH OCTOBER 2016

ESE-2017 PRELIMS TEST SERIES
Date: 16th October, 2016
ANSWERS
1.
(a)
21.
(a)
41.
(a)
61.
(b)
81.
(a)
101.
(c)
2.
(c)
22.
(c)
42.
(c)
62.
(c)
82.
(c)
102.
(b)
3.
(b)
23.
(d)
43.
(a)
63.
(c)
83.
(d)
103.
(c)
4.
(c)
24.
(c)
44.
(d)
64.
(c)
84.
(b)
104.
(b)
5.
(d)
25.
(d)
45.
(d)
65.
(b)
85.
(b)
105.
(a)
6.
(c)
26.
(b)
46.
(d)
66.
(a)
86.
(b)
106.
(b)
7.
(c)
27.
(c)
47.
(b)
67.
(a)
87.
(b)
107.
(c)
8.
(d)
28.
(d)
48.
(b)
68.
(c)
88.
(a)
108.
(c)
9.
(d)
29.
(d)
49.
(b)
69.
(b)
89.
(d)
109.
(d)
10.
(d)
30.
(a)
50.
(c)
70.
(d)
90.
(b)
110.
(a)
11.
(d)
31.
(d)
51.
(b)
71.
(c)
91.
(a)
111.
(b)
12.
(d)
32.
(a)
52.
(c)
72.
(d)
92.
(a)
112.
(b)
13.
(c)
33.
(d)
53.
(c)
73.
(a)
93.
(d)
113.
(a)
14.
(b)
34.
(c)
54.
(a)
74.
(a)
94.
(d)
114.
(d)
15.
(b)
35.
(a)
55.
(b)
75.
(b)
95.
(a)
115.
(d)
16.
(a)
36.
(a)
56.
(c)
76.
(a)
96.
(a)
116.
(d)
17.
(c)
37.
(a)
57.
(b)
77.
(c)
97.
(c)
117.
(c)
18.
(a)
38.
(b)
58.
(d)
78.
(a)
98.
(c)
118.
(c)
19.
(b)
39.
(d)
59.
(d)
79.
(c)
99.
(d)
119.
(c)
20.
(b)
40.
(a)
60.
(b)
80.
(b)
100. (a)
120.
(d)
(Test-3 Solution) 16th Oct 2016

(c)
131.
(d)
141.
(c)
151.
(d)
161.
(c)
171.
(a)
122.
(c)
132.
(d)
142.
(c)
152.
(d)
162.
(c)
172.
(c)
123.
(c)
133.
(d)
143.
(d)
153.
(a)
163.
(a)
173.
(b)
124.
(a)
134.
(c)
144.
(b)
154.
(d)
164.
(b)
174.
(c)
125.
(d)
135.
(c)
145.
(d)
155.
(d)
165.
(b)
175.
(d)
126.
(c)
136.
(d)
146.
(d)
156.
(b)
166.
(a)
176.
(c)
127.
(c)
137.
(b)
147.
(c)
157.
(d)
167.
(d)
177.
(d)
128.
(b)
138.
(c)
148.
(c)
158.
(a)
168.
(b)
178.
(a)
129.
(b)
139.
(a)
149.
(b)
159.
(c)
169.
(d)
179.
(a)
130.
(b)
140.
(d)
150.
(a)
160.
170.
(d)
180.
(a)
121.
(2)
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(a)
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1. (a)
6. (c)
2W
W
B
L
L
EI
L
EI
B
L
EI
L
EI
D
L
EI
EI
(3)
1 kN/m
1 kN/m
C
C'
Axis of
symmetry
Fig. (i)
The frame is symmetrical here, only 1/2

part of the frame will be analysed.
Fig. (ii)
B in fig. (i) = B in fig. (ii)

(Note the symmetricity of fig. (ii).) Fig. (ii) is
nothing but Fig. (i) + its mirror image
3EI
B
L
BA
...(i)
B
2W 2L 2EI
MBD =
8
2L
2EI
12
A
M
WL
=
2
WL2
=
8EI
3
0.6
5
0.6
B
FEM
balancing
+7.2
+ 4.8
Total moment +7.2
7.2
2
0.4
5
B 0.4
WL EI
B
=
2
L
(as B = D )
4EIB
L
3EI
12
BC
2B D
MBA + MBD = 0
DF
MBA =
Stiffness
factor
Jo int Member
In fig. (ii)
1 2
12kNm
12
MFBC =
12
7. (c)
w per unit length
2. (c)
5. (d)
4. (c)
8. (d)
A
l
2
w
30
IE
3. (b)
MFBA
MFAB
Fixed end moment at B due to U.D.L

=
WL2
(clockwise)
12
6EI.
C
EI = 0
L2
6EI WL4
Wl 2
=
16
L2 96EI
Hence, fixing end moment at
B =
w
20 3
=
2
2
w
30
9. (d)
Fixed end moment due to sinking of support

B =
w
20
WL2 WL2 WL2
12
16
48
EI
2h

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EI
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Point B and C will act as hinges
Fx = 0
P1
12EI 3EI
3 = P
L3
L
15EI
= P
L3
h
EI
3
PL
1
=
3EI
11. (d)
3EI
h3
(i) Moment distribution method is approximation method.
Considering equilibrium of the structure,

6EI
=P
h3
Ph3
6EI
2P1 = P
(ii) This method is applicable for beams with

variable cross-section if we can derive
equivalent stiffness of the beam.
12. (d)
13. (c)
14. (b)
6EI
In the rigid bar, there wont be any deformation.

A
B
10. (d)
P1 =
PL3
= 15EI
IE
12EI
L3
12EI
L3
The bending moment at the hinged end of the

frame will be zero. The sway of the frame will be
towards right. The moments in the members at
each rigid joint will be same but in opposite
direction for the above frame.
C
6EI
L2
15. (b)
3EI
L2
B
L/2
6EI
L/2
RA
6EI
2
3EI
L
RB
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A
FEM
FEM
Bal
B
C
1 0
+ 6 +12 12
32
+32
16 32
Final
42
MA = 0
6EI
2
6EI
L2
= RB L
RB =
MC =
12EI
= RA
6EI
2
L
RB
2
L 12EI
=0
3
2
L
6EI
+32 12
18. (a)
n
60
16. (a)
= 100
N/mm2
= 100
N/mm2
W
l/2
l/2
A
EI
EI
n = 50 + 50 cos 120
= 50 25
= 25 N/mm2
EI
Distribution factor for
3
3
=
= 4 =
7
3
7
1
4
4
3
4
3I
4l
BA =
3I I
4l l
Distribution factor for BC
3
3
=
7
7
P
120
C
(50,0)
(100,0)
19. (b)
20. (b)
= 1
3
Distribution factor for BA 7 3
= =
Distribution factor for BC 4 4
7
Polar section modulus of the shaft
IE
(5)
zp =
= 3 :4
3
d
16
M
Mt
17. (c)
d A
24 kN/m
B
C
A
4m
1m
Mt
Maximum shear stress = t max = z
p
24 42
12
= 32 kNm
MFAB =
MFBA = + 32 kNm
Mt
16 M t
3
d 3
d
16
Maximum bending stress,

bmax =
M
32 M
3
d3
d
32

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16 M t
d M t
32 M
2M
d 3
3
max
b max
q 1.2
12 3 PL 1.5 P
1.2 2 bd2 2 bd
21. (a)
All statements are properties of a flitched beam.
22. (c)
23. (d)
L/2
3 PL 2bd
L
2
2
2 bd 1.5P
d
L
12
5
=
d
2 1.2
Maximum BM occurs under concentrated load

P.
1.5 P
2 bd
and
Shear centre
2
N
max
shear stress
distribution
PL
4
Maximum shear force occurs at the support.
maximum shear force, V
Shear centre e =
f
bending stress
distribution
b2h2t
4I
Where I = moment of inertia of the section about
NA
Maximum BM, M
P
2
Here by question,
b = 4.5 cm; h = 9 cm; I = 246 cm 4
e =
4.52 92 1
1.667 cm
246 4
24. (c)
IE
bd2
section modulus of the beam Z
6
Uncracked elastic beam behaviour:

A realistic description of the shear stress
distribution is shown below as :
Maximum bending stress

b
Parabolic
M PL 6 3 PL
2
=
Z
2 bd
4bd2
maximum shear stress in a rectangular

section is 1.5 times the average shear stress in
the beam
Ast
max
v
max = 1.5
bd
= 1.5
Parabolic
P
1.5 P
2bd
2 bd
By question,
max
3 PL
f = 12 2
2 bd

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Parabolic
27. (c)
x y
1/2
x y xy

2 2
Since x = y = 0
max
25. (d)
xy
1 =
28. (d)
T
29. (d)
30. (a)
T2
and
GIP = T1a and
32. (a)
T2 b (ii)
b
T2 = T
a
20 10
5
2
sx = 60 MPa
x y
n =
d/2
2
xy
60 40
2
35 36.4 MPa
2
x y
2
60 40
50MPa
2
33. (d)
x =
T2
90
= 9 cm
10
IE
40
= 4 cm
10
The distance of centre of circle from origin
y =
T1
a
T2 = b
26. (b)
st
Al
Tst rst
J st
T r
J
st st st
rAl
TAl rAl J Al
TAl
J Al
Al
3
256 12 MPa
64
x y
2
94
= 6.5 cm
2
34. (c)
T d/2 (4d)4
1 1
64
=
= 256
3T 4d (d)4
3 4
3
2
max =
b b
a
T1 =
T .
T
a a b
a b
T1
a
sy = 40 MPa txy = 35 MPa
and
GIP T2 b
a b
a
T2
= T ; T2
T
a
a b
or,
n y
T2
T2 G
IP
b
T1a
Maximum shear stress
T1
G
and I =
a
P
(i)
T1 T2 = T
31. (d)
T1
Three strain gauges are needed on a plane

surface to determine the principal strains and
their directions.
35. (a)

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36. (a)
Due to torsion, only shear stress in the shaft
occurs.
GJ = 50000 kNm2/rad
T
G
We know
=
J
L
TL
100 5
=
=
= 0.01 rad
GJ
50000
Torsional strain energy,
Maximum shear stress = max = 80 N/mm2

maximum comp. direct stress,
43. (a)
d = 20 N/mm2. Which is a normal stress

We have principal stresses
2
1, 2
1
1
T =
100 0.01
2
2
= 0.5 kNm

2
= d d max
2
2
U =
For a circular shaft
44. (d)
d = 20 N/mm2
T G
=
r
J
l
max = 80 N/mm2
GJ
(A) T =
20
20
802
2
2
(B) Strain energy =
= 10 80.62
38. (b)
39. (d)
40. (a)
2
1 2
2
2
= 2 4
2
max =
37. (a)
Gr
l
(D) Maximum shear stress due to combined
action of shear and torsion
(C) Shear stress t =
Maximum tensile stress = 10 +

80.62 = 70.62 N/mm2
1 2
42
2
45. (d)
1
2
2
Me = (M M T )
2
46. (d)
IE
w per unit length
= 450 Nm
Te =
M2 T2 500 Nm
A
l
41. (a)
w
30
42. (c)
M
D3
32
T D/ 2
T
M
D4
D3 D3
32
16
16
M
M
2
D3
D3
32
16
fS max
f b max
fs max
w
20
2
fd max
1
1 GJ 2
T
2
2 l
MFBA
MFAB
w
20 30 3
=
2
2
20
w
30
47. (b)
48. (b)
49. (b)
50. (c)
Open channel surface curves computations

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involve energy equation.
(9)
1/5
Flow through a lawn sprinkler involves

control volume and moment of momentum
equation.
At the toe of spillway there is arrangement

for energy dissipator/stilling basin where
hydraulic jump occurs. The flow analysis
at the toe of spillway is done through
control volume and momentum equation.
2Q2
yc =
2
gm
yc
1/5
Q 22
= 2
Q1
yc
yc
38.4
= 1.3
1.2
2/5
= 5.2 m
54. (a)
The intensity of bed shear 0 Rs0
51. (b)
V1 = 2.1m/s
y1= 1.35 m
= angle of inclination of channel bottom

with horizontal.
where R = hydraulic radius = y for wide

rectangular channel = 0.08 m
Vw
V1
0 = 1000 0.08 sin 30
y1
= 40 kgf/m 2
S0 = slope of the channel bottom = sin
y2
52. (c)
Froude number is given by
Celerity of the wave C is defined as the

velocity of the wave relative to the velocity
of flow and hence C = Vw V1
Fr =
gD
where V = Mean velocity
A
Hydraulic depth, D =
T
A = Area of the section
T = Top width of the section

T
53. (c)
C =
gy1 9.85 1.35
= 3.64 m/s
3.64 = Vw ( 2.1)
Vw = 3.64 2.1 = 1.54 m/s
55. (b)
(i) Rectangular Channel, EC = 1 = 1.5Yc
S
IE
V2
0.667 m
y
1/3
3 q2

2 g
= 1
3
Area of flow, A = my
q2
2
=
g
3
2
c
Top width, T = 2myc
q = 2 / 33 9.81 = 1.704
Q = qB = 1.71
(ii) Triangular channel
For critical flow,
Q2 T
= 1
g A3
2
Q 2my c
3
gm y
6
c
= 1 y5c =
Q2T
= 1
gA 3
E C = 1.25Yc
2Q2
gm 2

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1.6 m
depth
1
0.8
1.25
gA 3
T
1
9.81 0.8 1.6
2
1.6
E2
E1
sp. energy
= 1.268 m
Since the specific energy is measured w.r.t.

channel bed as datum, a rise in the bottom of
channel causes a decrease in sp.energy if the
initial flow condition is sub critical and vice-versa.
(iii) Rectangular Channel, yc 1 m
1m
58. (d)
Q2T
= 1
gA 3
b
By Mannings formula,
QT
Q
A
3 = 1
gA
g
T
Q =
9.8
= 3.13
(iv) Triangular Channel
2m
1
1m
v =
here R =
S
IE
gA 3
=
T
9.81 13
2
= 2.21 m
1 2/3 1/2
R s
n
bd
d (for wide channel)
b
Q = A.v =
b.d 2/3 1/2

d s
n
or, q =
Q
d 2/3 1/2
d5/3s1/2
=
d .s =
b
n
n
d 5/3 s1/2
for uniform flow
n
Q =
1m
90
Q =
when d = 0.5 m, q = 2 m 3/s/m, S =
56. (c)
1
62
1/2
Energy line
57. (b)
E2
E1 y
1
y2
lump
1
0.55/3
62
2=
0.02
It will give uniform flow
When d = 1m, q = 2m 3/s/m, s =
15/3
1
625
625 1/2
0.02
2=
when d =1.5 m, q = 2 m 2/s, s =

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2400
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C1
1
(2400)1/2
2=
0.02
1.5 5/3
C ritic a
1
when d = 2m, q = 2 m 2/s, s =
4000
1
(4000)1/2
2
0.02
it will not give uniform flow..
2
5/3
l s lop
e, s
0 = s
c
61. (b)
y0
59. (d)
yc
For constant
specific energy
mild slop e
qi
depth
qt
yc
qmax
y0
yC
qt < qi
slope
M3
m ild slop
M2
IE
60. (b)
mild slope,
steep
M1
Consequently, depth of flow will fall after

transition.
CD L
62. (c)
The flow is supercritical and there is smooth

expansion along the direction of flow. Therefore
discharge per unit width, q will decrease after
smooth expansion.
s0 < s
c
e S0 < S
C
C1
y0= yC
critical slope, S
0 = SC
M3
mild slope, s
0 < sc
C3
critical sl
ope, S =
0
SC
C3
C ritic
a l slo
pe,
y0= yC
s0 =
sC

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68. (c)
y0
yc
mild slop
e, S0 < S
n =
H
1
V
Q =10m3/s ; V = 2.0 m/s

Area of flow=
63. (c)
Q
5 m2
V
b = width of channel
d = depth of channel
64. (c)
y1 = 0.2 m; y2 = 1 m
We have
= y1y2 (y1 y2 )
b +2d = 2 2 d
= 0.2 1(0.2 + 1)
b = 0.828 d
A =(b + nd)d
q = 1.085 m 2/s
A = 1.828 d2
Q = b.q. = 4 1.085
2d
2q2
g
b 2d
=
2
2q2
g
for most economical channel

b 2nd =
d 1 n2
2
n=1
By question,
A =5 = 1.828 d2
= 4.34 m 3/s
d = 1.654 m
b =0.828 d = 1.369 m
65. (b)
Area of lining required for one meter length of canal

=
Loss of energy in hydraulic jump in rectangular

channel given by
3
E =
P =1.369 + 2 1.654
y2 = 3 m
P = 6.04 m
69.
= 0.66 m
(b) The shear stress 0 has been related to mass

density and average velocity V by the equation,
66. (a)
67. (a)
Let velocity of wave = C

Let velocity of river water be v
1.4 = C v
2C = 5.6
again,
f 2
v
8
0 = RS0
f 2
v
8
RS =
C = 2.8 m/s
V =
v = C 1.4
As per Mannings equation,
= 1.4 m/s
0 =
4.2 = C + v
and
Area of lining 6.04 m 2
(3 1)3
8
2
E = 4 1 3 4 3 3 m
IE
P = b 2d n 2 1
y1 = 1 m
Here,
(y 2 y1 )
4y1y 2
P 1
Surge velocity = C = 2.8 m/s

y =
C2 2.82
=
g 9.81
8g
f
RS
... (i)
1 2/3 1/2
1
R S = R1/6 S1/2
n
n
1
S1/2 =
R1/6 RS ... (ii)
n
Companing equations (i) and (ii)
V =
y = 0.80 m
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1 1/6
8g
R
=
n
f
S0 x y1
8g
R1/3
=
f
n2
S0 x Sex = E2 E1
v12
v 22
Se.x
= y2
2g
2g
f =
8gn
1/3
E2 E 2
x = S S
0
e
70. (d)
Where
0
So Channel bottom slope

Se Ang. energy slope
E2 Energy head at (2)
76. (a)
Depth of maximum velocity is 1.62

r0.
77. (c)
71. (c)
72. (d)
(a)
73.
Half substended angle at centre i.e.

/2 = 15110.
The discharge of uniform flow in a channel

may be expressed by using chezys
formula as
Se1 Se2
This can be
2
calculated using chezys or mannings eqn.
Se
E1 Energy head at (1)
When Mannings formula is used,

for maximum discharge in a circular
channel, the depth of flow is equal
to 1.88 0.
M2
CDL
S3
CDL
NDL
M2 profile
S3 profile
CDL
IE
A3
Q = AV = CA RS = K S
Where K = CA R
The term K is known as conveyance of the
channel section which is a measure of the
carrying capacity of the channel section, since
it is directly proportional to the discharge Q. The
depth of flow is known as normal depth which is
represented by yn.
For any other values of the specific energy

except at the critical depth, there are two
possible depths, one greater than the
critical depth and the other smaller than
the critical depth, at which is a given
discharge can occur with same specific
energy. These two depths for given specific
energy are called the alternate depths.
In a channel, for a specific force, there are

two possible depths y1 and y2. These two
depths y1 and y2 constitute the initial and
sequent depths of a hydraulic jump.
When the depth of flow of water over a

certain reach of a given channel is equal
to the critical depth yc the flow is described
as critical flow or in critical state. The
critical depth for a given discharge Q is
the depth yc correspon-ding to which the
cross-sectional area A and top width T of
CDL, NDL
A 3 profile
C1 profile
74. (a)
75. (b)
Determination of length of surface profile

b/w two sections by standard step method.
Se1
2
1
TEL,Se
v / 2g
y1
1
s0.x
se1 se2
2
se.x
se2
v 2 / 2g
y y2
y 1
2
y2
2
slope = s 0
Applying Bernoullis eqn b/w (I) (I) and (II) - (II)

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the channel section are such that the value
Q 0.609 m
of A3 T is given by
A T c
3
Zc =
Q2
A
A
Zc
g
T c
80. (b)
Q
g
A horizontal strain of about 0.5% is required

to reach the stage of active earth pressure
in loose sand and horizontal strain of about
5% is required to reach the stage of
passive earth pressure in loose sand.
Where section factor for critical flow

A
computation, Z = A
for a channel
T
81. (a)
section at the critical state of flow is equal

to Q/g. For a prismatic channel, the
section factor Z is a function of the depth
of flow.
(G 1) (2.65 1) 9.81
1 e
1.065
'=
Re sisting force
' 4
Acting force
9.81 2
= 15.19 KN / m3
15.19 4
3.09 3
9.81 2
Surface profile in mild-sloped channels; In

a mild sloped channel, there will be three
zones viz; y > Yn > yc, yn > y > yc, and
yn > yc > y in which M1, M2 and M3 comes
will be formed.
FOS =
FOS =
82. (c)
78. (a)
83. (d)
79. (c)
1.2 m
84. (b)
dp
0 , the pressure can

of flow
dx
0.3
0.9 m
overcome the deceleration of the particles

so that they continue to move along the
wall. A positive pressure gradient on the
contrary, will tend to further decelerate
particles in the boundary layer.
This added deceleration causes the
thickness of the boundary layer to increase
and the particles slow down; a little
distance d/s they stop and a little further
they may even reverse their direction of
motion. A reverse flow layer tends to push
itself between the wall and the boundary
layer and in this way separates it from the
wall.
0.6
IE
(0.6)2
(1.2 0.3) 0.925 m2

A =
Wetted perimeter,P = 0.6 2 0.3

= 2.458 m
Thus, R =
A 0.925
0.372 m
P 2.485
using chezys formula,

Q = AC RS
0.372
85. (b)
1
S=
, C = 54
2500
Q = 0.925 54
Fluid particles moving in the boundary layer

are decelerated because of viscous friction
and thus their kinetic energy is decreased.
If there is a pressure drop in the direction
1
2500
If the velocity of flow is very small or the

fluid is quite viscous such that the
VD
Reynolds Number is very small,
being as low as 0.2 or even less, then the

viscous forces are much more predominant
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than the inertial forces.
Total drag
bulk modulus of elasticity, K of the fluid

which is defined as
F D = 3VD
3VD
K =
D2
4
1 2
V
2
1 2
V
2
24
24
=
Re
VD
This is generally designated as Stokes law.
This has been found to agree closely with
experimental results for Re< 0.2, provided the
fluid is of infinite extent.
However, due to the proximity of the boundaries

the resistance to the motion is increased and in
such a case the drag coefficient is given by the
following modified expression
Change in pressure
Change in volume
Original volume
dv = () v
vp
K
= ()2
10 105
2 10
= () 1 litre.
88. (a)
103 litre
As surface tension is directly dependent

upon inter-molecular cohesive forces, its
magnitude for all liquids decreases as the
temperature rises.
As molecular activity increases with
temperature, vapour pressure of the liquid
also increases with temperature. If the
external absolute pressure imposed on the
liquid is reduced by some means to such
an extent that it becomes equal to or less
than the vapour pressure of the liquid, the
boiling of the liquid starts, whatever be the
temperature.
CD =
Stess
dp
Strain
dv

v
FD
A
(15)
24
D
CD = R 1 2.1D
e
1
Where D1 is the smallest lateral dimension of
the container and D is the diameter of the sphere.
Oseen a smedish physicist improved stokes
analysis by partly taking into account the inertia
terms which stokes had omitted. Oseens
solution which is found to be valid for Re < 1, is
24
3
CD = R 1 16 Re
e
The dynamic viscosity may be defined as

the shear stress required to produce unit
rate of angular deformation.
However, an empirical relation acceptable upto

Re equal to about 100 is
The dynamic viscosity of either a liquid or

a gas is practically independent of the
pressure for the range that is ordinarily
encountered in practice. However, it varies
widely with temperature. For gases,
viscosity increases with increase in
temperature while for liquids it decreases
with increase in temperature.
1/2
24
3
CD = R 1 16 Re
Here,
Re = 0.2
IE
24
3
CD = R 1 16 Re
e
24
3
0.2
1
0.2 16
= 124.5
1
Where,
89.
(d)
24
3
2
CD =
1 Re
R e 16
CD = 122.23
Water
0.8 m
86. (b)
87. (b)
All fluids may be compressed by the

application of external force, and when
external force is removed, the compressed
volumes of fluids expand to their original
volumes. compressibility of a fluid is
quantitatively expressed as inverse of the
immiscible liquid
of sp.gr. of 1.6
1m
P
Total pressure at P = w 0.8 1.6 w 1

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said to be in neutral equilibrium.
= 2.4 w = 2.4 w .g
92. (a)
When a cubical body is dropped in water

and is found to have neutral equilibrium.
This implies that the centre of buoyancy
and centre of gravity coincides in this case.
in sea water, body will float and will have
stable equilibrium against linear
disturbances.
90. (b)
91. (a)
Buoyancy: When a body is submerged or
floating in a static fluid the resultant force exerted
on it by the fluid is called buoyancy force. This
buoyancy force is always vertically upwards, and
has the following characteristics.
The buoyancy force is equal to the weight

of the fluid displaced by the solid body.
The buoyancy force acts through the centre

of gravity of the displaced volume, called
the centre of buoyancy.
93. (d) Let V be the volume of the balloon.

buyont force on balloon
= 1.25 V ( )
Self weight of balloon
= 2.4 10,000 = 24 kPa
= 0.75 V ()
A floating body displaces a volume of fluid

whose weight is equal to the weight of the
body.
1.25 V = 0.75 V + 75
(16)
or
Stability: A submerged body is stable if

the centre of gravity of the body lies below
the centre of buoyancy.
V(1.250.75) = 75
For a floating body, the stability depends upon

the type of couple that is formed for small angular
displacements.
V = 150 m3
75 kg
94. (d)
95. (a)
A free vortex motion is that in which the

fluid mass rotates without any external
force being impressed on it. Hence in a
free vortex motion, no expenditure of
energy from any external source takes
place.
IE
If the metacentre, M is above centre of gravity,

G then MG the metacentric height is positive
and the equilibrium is stable. If M is belwo G,
MG is negative and equilibrium is ustable. The
metacentric height MG is independent of
magnitude of angular rotation (so long as it small)
and is given by
MG =
The rate of change of angular momentum

of the flow must be zero. Thus,
I
BG
V
(mvr)
= 0
t
Where,
I = Moment of inertia of the water line area
about an axis through the centre of the area and
perpendicular to the axis of tilt (longitudinal axis)
BG = Vetical distance between the centre of
gravity and centre of nyoyancy.
V = volume of the fluid displaced by the body.
If M coincides with G, MG is zero, the body is
vr = constant C
where
m = mass of fluid element
Velocity of flow in a free vortex motion varies
inversely with the radial distance from the centre
of vortex motion; that is when r , v 0
and for r 0, v . The point where the
velocity, v becomes infinite is called singular point.
The flow field of a free vortex motion is

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everywhere irrotational except at the axis and
therefore the free vortex motion is also called
irrotational vortex motion. It is thus observed
that for a free vortex motion although the
circulation around the various streamlines is not
equal to zero yet the motion is irrotational.
96. (a) u increases by 2 10 = 20 kN/m2
0.046 =
100. (a)
102. (b)
is difference between total stress and pore

water pressure.
103. (c)
(c) Specific gravity,

Gs = 2.5
K0 = 1 sin = 0.5
P0 = K0 z = 0.5 19 8 = 76 kN/m 2
Porosity,
n = 0.35
Total thrust =
n
1n
T
S
A
Critical hydraulic gradient,

G 1
1 e
2.5 1
1 0.538
= 0.975
Permissible exit gradient (i) with factor of

safety = 5 is
= 20 kN/m3
qu = 80 kN/m2
qu 80
2
2
= 40 kN/m3
Cu =
unsupported vertical cut =
4Cu
KA
1 sin0
1
1 sin0
unsupported vertical cut depth
here
kA =
4 40
20 1
= 8m
icr
5
z0 =
IE
P0H = 304 kN
and unconfined compressive strength
= 0.538
icr
u = 0
104. (b)
0.35
=
1 0.35
void ratio,
e =
15
H 11.44m
1.5 19 H
97.
C
Sn = F . H
C
101. (c)
but remain unaltered
or
(17)
0.975
5
105. (a)
= 0.195
106. (b)
sub tan
sat tan
98. (c)
tan
19 9.81 0.7
0.26
19
1.3
qult = 1.3 CNC + DfNq

x 1.7
5.8 = 1.3 5.7
x 100 1
2 1000
(Nq = 1 for clay; N = 0; Nc
= 5.7)
x = 1.5
99. (d)
= 30
107. (c)
Cdv
0.046
Sn =
H
< 36 ;
LSF (Local shear failure)

2
2
C = C
= 15
= 10 kN/m2
3
3

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qnu = CNc + DfNq + 0.5 BN = 10 25.5
+ (19 1.2 13) + 0.5 19 2 10
sub 17.67 9.81 7.86 kN / m2

AA 7.86 12 94.32 kN / m2
= 253 +
296.4 + 190 = 741.4 kN/m2
119. (c)
108. (c)
120. (d)
109. (d)
WH
Q =
=
6(S C )
20 kN 100 cm
3
6 cm 2.5 cm
5
e =
n
0.465
0.87
1 n 1 0.465
ic =
G 1 2.68 1
= 0.90
1 e 1 0.87
e =
wG 0.43 2.7
S
1
= 107.5 kN
111. (b)
2.7 1
G 1
sub
w
9.81
1 e
1 0.43 2.7
112. (b)
113. (a)
= 7.72 kN/m3
2
= 48 kN/m
114. (d)
48 = 7.72 depth of soil
Qu
Area
depth of soil = 6.22m
115. (d)
of
base
Overburden to be removed
9) 450 2.5 = 9 110 (0.5)2 + 0.6 110

4 0.5 L
= 11 6.22 = 4.78m
+ C perimeter L ( for clay soil, NC =
L 6.7m
122. (c)
123. (c)
116. (d)
IE
Q = C NC Ab + C As
2
= 4 9 (0.5) 0.5 4 0.5 10
4
= 49 tonnes
4
117. (c)
k eq
118.
121. (c)
110. (a)
k x k z
kx
kx
0.5k x
4
unit weight ( ) of the soil is defined as the

submerged weight per unit of total volume.
The submerged unit weight is roughly onehalf of the saturated unit weight.
(c)
e =
e =
sat
Submerged unit weight : when the soil exists

below water, it is in a submerged condition.
A buoyant force acts on the soil solids. The
net mass of the solids is reduced. The
reduced mass is known as the submerged
mass or the buoyant mass. The submerged
wGs
S
Sat where sat is saturated unit
0.4 2.65
1.06
1
weight.
9.81(2.65 1.06)
17.67 kN / m2
2.06
G e
sat
w
1 e
Saturated mass density: The saturated mass

density (sat) is the bulk mass density of
the soil when it is fully saturated.
Drymass density: The dry mass density (d)
is defined as the mass of solids per unit
total volume.

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The Rankines theory assumed that the wall

surface is smooth; whereas in practice a lot of
friction may develop between the wall surface
and the soil fill. This friction will depend upon the
wall material. This f riction leads to the
development of smaller active pressure than that
estimated on Rankines theory and the larger
passive pressure than the theoretical. Thus, the
estimation of the active pressure from the
Rankines theory will be slightly higher than the
actual (reduced due to friction) and passive
pressure will be slightly lower. It, thus, remains
for us on a safer side and hence the design of
the retaining walls can be done safely on
estimation of active and passive pressures
computed by the Rankines theory.
Wet mass density : When the soil have

some moisture then mass of the soil per
unit total volume of the soil sample is called
wet mass density.
The effective stress ( ) at a point in the
soil mass is equal to the total stress minus
the pore water pressure. Thus,
=u
131. (d)
124. (a)
Submerged mass density : When the soil

exists below water, it is in a submerged
condition. When a volume V of soil is
submerged in water, it displaces equal
volume of water. Thus the net mass of soil
when submerged is reduced. The submerge
density is roughly one-half of the saturated
density.
(19)
Clay backfills should be avoided as far as

possible as they are susceptible to swelling
and shrinkage during rainy and summer
seasons respectively.
can not be measured directly in the

laboratory.
125. (d)
132. (d)
126. (c)
u = w.h + wz
= c u = (sat w)z
= sub.z
c = w.h + sat.z
127. (c)
C = 15 kN/m2
t = 20 kN/m3
IE
C
Sn =
FH
H=
133. (d)
When the soil layer surrounding a portion of
the pile shaft settles more than the pile, a
downward drag occurs on the pile. The drag is
known as negative skin friction.
Dilatancy correction
Sn = 0.05
Sf
B
f
Sp Bp
134. (c)
F = 1.5
For clayey, soils,
15
10 m
1.5 20 0.05
The value of N, corrected for over-burden pressure

ie. NC1 is further corrected for dilatancy, if the
sub-soil consists of fine sand and silt below the
water table and the finally corrected N-value (N)
is given as :
N = 15
128. (b)
1
NC 1 15
2
where N is the finally corrected N-value to be

used for design purpose
129. (b)
Hc =
10 =
4c
0, k a 1
NC1 = the observed N-value corrected for over

burden correction ie. NC1 Nobs c1
4c
10 20
c =
= 50 kPa.
20
4
The above correction is applicable only when
130. (b)
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> 1. This is because soil arround and
between the piles get compacted due to the
vibration caused during the driving operations.
NC1 is more than 15 and is based on the surmise

that the fine sands and silts below the water
table offer higher resistance to driving due to the
development of excess pore pressure (which
could not be dissipated, immediately), leading
to increased apparent soil resistance, giving
higher observed value of N during the standard
penetration test.
Whereas in dense sand above phenomenon is

not true.
Sg
4B 2.7
140. (d)
Si B 3.6
135. (c)
141. (c)
The settlements of f oundations on
cohesionless soils can be calculated
using.
(iii) Plate load test
(i) Static cone penetration method
The propagation of waves can be reduced

by providing sheet piles, screens or
trenches.
In fact, it is extremely difficult to estimate

the probable settlement of a footing due to
the complexities involved in the properties
of soils.
Vibrations are considerably reduced by

placing absorbers, such as rubber
mountings, felts and corks between the
machine and the base.
While calculating settlement of a foundation

by SPT, it is assumed that the settlement
is proportional to the intensity of pressure.
(ii) Standard penetration test
Transmission of vibrations can be controlled

and the deterimental effects considerably
reduced by isolating either the source (active
isolation) or by protecting the receiver (passive
isolation).
136. (d)
142. (c)
137. (b)
Df
The most reliable method of estimating

the pile capacity is to conduct the pile
load test. The static formulas give a
reasonable estimate of the pile capacity if
judiciously applied.
Load
where w q, w 1 0.5
143. (d)
a
1
Df
Net settlement
cNc Df Nq w q 0.5 BN w
IE
qu =
for water table to be at the ground, a Df

Qu
wq = 1 0.5 1 = 0.5
qu = Df 0.5 Nq 0.5 BN 0.5
qu qu
0.5 50%
qu
144. (b)
138. (c)
The dimensionless factors N and Nq are
called bearing capacity factors and depend
only on .
139. (a)
Qu
The unit skin friction and adhesion for the

uplift resistance are considerably less than
those for the compressive loads.
145. (d) K is influenced by void ratio, pore size,

interconnected pore space, particle size
distribution, homogeneity of the soil mass,
properties of the pore fluid, and the amount
of undissolved gas in the pore fluid.
It has been observed that group efficiency of

driven piles in loose or medium dense sand is
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146. (d)
The shearing stress between the layers of non

turbulent fluid moving in straight parallel lines
can be defined for a Newtonian fluid as : The
dynamic or absolute viscosity can be expressed
like
e
0.81
0.44
1 e 1.81
VS (see page velocity)
0.236
0.537 m / s
0.44
dv
dy
t = shearing stress
m = dynamic viscosity
t =
147. (c) 'A A (20 10) 0.5 (0.6 0.5 10)
where
= sub Z i w Z
5 3KN / m
dv
= shearing strain
dy
In the SI system, the dyanmic viscosity units
are Ns/m2, pa.s. The viscosity of a fluid is highly
temperature dependent and for either dynamic
or kinematic viscosity to be meaningful, the
reference temperature must be quoted.
and
148. (c) K eq 8 10
2 10
2KN / m
= 4 102 mm/s
= 6 105
3 10
6
m3/s/m
Newtons law of viscosity states that the stresses

which oppose the shearing of a fluid are
proportional to the rate of shear strain i.e the
shear stress t is given by
q 4 10
(21)
149. (b) Pore water pressure under no low condition

acts on all sides equally but doesnt cause
the particle to press against each other.
v
dy
where m is the absolute coefficient of viscosity
t =
150. (a)
w H
9.81 7
2
68.67 KN / m
' V 9.81 7 9.81 7 0
m is not constant but a function of
Absolute viscosity or the coefficient of

absolute viscosity is a measure of the
internal resistance. Dynamic (absolute)
viscosity is the tangential force per unit
area required to move one horizontal plane
with respect to the other at unit velocity
when maintained a unit distance apart by
the fluid.
u
is a measure of the rate at which
y
the fluid is shearing.
152.(d)
Moment distribution method requires two

interation tables whereas Kanis needs only
single table. Hence Kanis method is more
efficient compared to moment distribution
method.
153.(a)
154.(d)
1 2
E
2 1
=
E
1

2
1 =
2
v +dv
dy
u
. The
y
derivative
IE
151. (d) The viscosity is the fluid resistance to shear

or flow and is a measure of the adhesive/
cohesive or frictional fluid property. The
resistance is caused by intermolecular
friction exerted when layers of fluids attempt
to slide by one another.
Dynamic (absolute) viscosity
v
is the velocity gradient. The viscosity
y
is a property of the fluid. For a class of fluids,
m is not constant and so-called thixotropic fluids
and
1
2
155. (d) A positive surge is one which results in an

increase in the depth of flow and a negative
surge causes a decrease in the depth of
flow.
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y2
y1
y1
v1
Vw
Vw
v1
y2
v2
Positive surge
(Advancing upstream)
Positive surge
(Advancing downward)
y1
Because the f orces on the v ertical

boundaries are assumed to cancel out as
shown in fig below, the total normal force
on the base of the slice is equal to the
component of the weight in the direction of
the normal force. N = wcos
Vw
Vw
v2
y2
y2
v2
v1
y1
Negative surge
(Retreating downstream)
In running irrigation canal when the regulating

gate is partially closed, such a movement gives
rise to a positive surge travelling upstream and
a negative surge rises in downstream.
156.(b)
fQ2
8gD2
f is not proportional to (Re)
hf
l
Valid f or f ully dev eloped steady and

incompressible flow
f depends on type of flow (laminar, transient

or turbulent)
157. (d)
The effective stress obviously is zero when
the pore pressure equals the total stress.
IE
158. (a)
159. (c)
The fellenium equation is fairly simple to solve

and yields conservative results (lower than actual
factor of safety) especially where the slip surface
indeep or where the pore water pressures are
high. In both these cases the fault lies with the
neglect of the interslice forces.
It is also known as swedish circle method. In
this method, the equilibrium of each slice is
determined and factor of safety found by
summing the resisting forces and dividing by
the driving forces. The operation is repeated for
the circles until the lowest safety factor is found.
The method does not consider all the forces
acting on a slice, as it omits the shear and
normal stresses and pore water pressures acting
on the sides of the slice but usually (although
not always) it yields conservative results.
however, the conservatism may be high.
160. (a)
In the Fellenius analysis, the horizontal

and vertical forces on the slice boundaries
are assumed to be equal and opposite.
This is true if the slice is reduced to the
width of a line but as the width of a slice
increases the assumption is patently
untrue since the two sides will be very
different in size. Thus, if the soil is divided
into many slices, as can be done using
modern computers, then a reasonably
accurate factor of safety can be found.
However for manual analysis, the number
of slices that can realistically be used (i.e.,
upto 10 approximately) limits the accuracy
of the method.
161. (c)
Despite the errors, this method is widely

used in practice because of its early
origins, because of its simplicity and
because it errors on the safe side. Hand
calculations are feasible and the method
has been programmed for computers.
162. (c)
The downward drag will develop as the

wall moves outward.
163. (a)
Limit design is not an appropriate

procedure for a brittle system; in contrast,
a gravity retaining wall is a ductile system
where large foundation movements may
occur without loss of foundation strength.

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169. (d)
The ultimate bearing capacity given for a

shallow footing by the Terzaghis general
There are two terms in the general Terzaghis

equation; one being the Nq term (i.e. Df N q )
caused by the surcharge of soil over the footing
and the second being the N
171. (a)
172. (c)
In actual practice, the friction leads to the

development lesser active pressure than
that estimated by Rankine theory and the
larger passive pressure than the theoritical.
173. (b)
174. (c) Let 1 and 2 be two stress

1 2 1 2
cos 2
2
2
for > 45; cos 2 will be ()ve
n =
term
1
BN ) caused by the self weight of the
2
So
soil coming in the failure wedge. Depending

upon the various positions of the water-table,
the value of in either of these two terms or
in both the terms will change.
(d)
(i.e.
170.
1
equation, q f = C N C Df N q BN is
2
based on the assumption that the water-table
is located well below the base of the footing.
The bearing capacity, infact gets reduced if
the water-table rises up and comes within a
depth B from below the base of the footing.
This happens because the soils in the failure
zone become partly or fully submerged,
depending on the position of the water-table.
The settlement of the pile group is

generally very large because the pressure
bulb for the group is much deeper than
that of a single pile.
164. (b)
(23)
1 2
2
1 2
R=
2
n <
P (P, P)
Generally, the submerged unit weight of sandy
2
2
The effective stress obviously is zero when

the pore pressure equals the total stress.
167. (d)
for > 45, horizontal co-ordinate (n) will be less

than the co-ordinate of centre of Mohr circle
1 2
2
175. (d)
IE
166. (a)
The piles and the soil between them move

together as a unit when subjected to loads.
165. (b)
1
soil is
of the bulk unit weight of the soil.
2
The bearing capacity of a foundation on

cohesionless soils depends upon the
width. As the width of a raft is very large,
the bearing capacity is high and therefore,
the shear failure generally does not occur.
Accordingly, the safe settlement pressure,
and not the bearing capacity generally
governs the design, except for very loose
sands (N < 5).
176. (c)
177. (d)
Clockwise rotational slip produces

clockwise moments at both ends of fixed
beam.
178. (a)
179. (a)
168. (b)
The piles and the soil between them move

together as a unit when subjected to loads.
180. (a)

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ESE-2017 PRELIMS TEST SERIES SOLUTIONS 16TH OCTOBER 2016

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ESE-2017 PRELIMS TEST SERIES SOLUTIONS 16TH OCTOBER 2016

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ESE-2017 PRELIMS TEST SERIES

Date: 16th October, 2016

(Test-3 Solution) 16th Oct 2016

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(Test-3 Solution) 16th Oct 2016

The frame is symmetrical here, only 1/2

B in fig. (i) = B in fig. (ii)

Total moment +7.2

Fixed end moment at B due to U.D.L

Fixed end moment due to sinking of support

WL2 WL2 WL2

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(Test-3 Solution) 16th Oct 2016

(i) Moment distribution method is approximation method.

Considering equilibrium of the structure,

(ii) This method is applicable for beams with

In the rigid bar, there wont be any deformation.

The bending moment at the hinged end of the

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(Test-3 Solution) 16th Oct 2016

Distribution factor for

Distribution factor for BC

Polar section modulus of the shaft

Maximum bending stress,

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(Test-3 Solution) 16th Oct 2016

Maximum BM occurs under concentrated load

maximum shear force, V

Uncracked elastic beam behaviour:

Maximum bending stress

maximum shear stress in a rectangular

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(Test-3 Solution) 16th Oct 2016

GIP = T1a and

sy = 40 MPa txy = 35 MPa

Maximum shear stress

Three strain gauges are needed on a plane

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(Test-3 Solution) 16th Oct 2016

Maximum shear stress = max = 80 N/mm2

d = 20 N/mm2. Which is a normal stress

For a circular shaft

(B) Strain energy =

(C) Shear stress t =

Maximum tensile stress = 10 +

w per unit length

Open channel surface curves computations

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(Test-3 Solution) 16th Oct 2016

Flow through a lawn sprinkler involves

At the toe of spillway there is arrangement

= angle of inclination of channel bottom

where R = hydraulic radius = y for wide

0 = 1000 0.08 sin 30

S0 = slope of the channel bottom = sin

Froude number is given by