Distribution Example2

Chapter: Probability Distributions
Contents:
31-2 A probability function is a rule of correspondence
31-3 What is a synonym or example of a variable?
38-3 Define the following term
45-1 "Which of the following ""probability mass functions"" "
56-1 Find P(T <= 0)
63-1 The random numbers generator
119-2 Approximately how many A's were there
120-1 A standard normal distribution has
121-2 What proportion of samples would have 4800 cells
131-2 find K so that the probability that a sample value is
135-1 variance = 0.000052. What is the probability
136-3 "normal variable, then the area to the left "
137-1 What area under the standard normal curve falls outside
137-2 "and a variance of 9, what percent of the population"
138-1 then P(Z > -0.38) is
138-2 then P(XBAR > 15) is
139-1 Find the 33rd percentile of the distribution of lifetimes
141-1 A Z-Score is a
141-3 Z-scores provide information about the location of
142-1 standard deviation = 10. Her Z-score is
142-2 Charlie's raw score on the test is
143-1 below approximately what percent of the students taking the test
144-1 better than what percent of the persons taking the test
144-2 will have a standard deviation equal to
145-2 A score of 85 from this population has a Z-score
146-2 The Z-score corresponding to the 52nd percentile is
147-1 number of students scoring between 70 and 82 is
149-1 Pr(-.25 < Z) is
149-2 what score will be associated with a standard Z score of 1.5
150-1 Pr(Z <= 1.65 or Z > 3.0) is
150-2 Pr(Z > +1.96 or Z < -1.65) is
155-2 then P(69.5 <= X <= 75)
166-1 of cases are likely to be between 86 and 93 in a normal
166-2 percentile rank does a score of 42 fall
167-1 What score has a percentile rank of 33%
167-2 scores for the middle 50% of the data
168-1 What percentage of the scores are above 78?
168-2 has an X value equal to
169-2 In a frequency distribution with a median of 50
170-1 21% of the observations lie below it?
171-1 what is the percentage of scores likely to fall below 550?
172-2 and variance 4 will fall between -9 and -4?
173-1 The probability that a value between 7 and 9 is obtained is
176-1 The standard normal score Z is:
176-2 what percentage of his students will earn an A?
177-1 Rods are too long to be useable

177-2 "are too short, what is the cut off length between ""too"
185-1 how much time should we give them?
189-1 "600 yard run-walk represent a normal distribution, how"
190-1 the monthly food expenditures of families
193-2 guarantees the battery to last 30 months.
200-1 The average weekly food expenditure was $70.00
202-1 a floor manager of a large department store
206-2 a floor manager of a large department store is studying
207-1 A floor manager of a large department store is studying the buying
213-1 If 91% of the bike-commuters take longer to reach campus than you
213-2 P(-1 < X < 5) = _______________
529-2 Which of the following random variables are continuous
530-3 What is the principal distinction between a discrete
531-2 The number of individuals in a family is a continuous variable.
531-3 Variables in which measurement is always approximate because
532-2 A continuous variable:
743-1 The breaking strength of a cable is a discrete variable.
1776-4 "If each score is raised by 7 points, what percentage"
1859-3 "If the mean depth of a river is 2 feet, it would be safe "
1860-1 The mean number of children per family in LA is quoted as 2.2.
2035-1 What percent of the area of a distribution lies between the first and
2054-1 The 70th percentile of the distribution of a random variable X
2054-2 Not more than 10% of a set of measurements can be above the 95th
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Return to Brian Schott @ GSU
Questions:
31-2
Q:
that:
A probability function is a rule of correspondence or equation

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Finds the mean value of the random variable.

Assigns values of x to the events of a probability experiment.
Assigns probablities to the various values of x.
Defines the variability in the experiment.
None of the above is correct.
Back to this chapter's Contents

Look at the answer
31-3
Q:
What is a synonym or example of a variable?

a)
b)
c)
d)
constant
characteristic which takes on different values
number of ears on humans
parameter

Look at the answer
38-3
Q:
Define the following term and give an example of its use.

Your example should not be one given in class or in a handout.
Constant

Look at the answer
45-1
Q:
A sample space consists of the following elementary events:

- the traffic-light is red
- the traffic-light is orange
- the traffic-light is green
Upon this a random variable X is defined as follows:
red = 1
orange = 2
green = 3
Which of the following "probability mass functions" of the discrete
random variable X is absolutely wrong?
a.
p(X)
>
1
c.
p(X)
>
5/6 |
|
4/6 |
|
3/6 |
|
2/6 | * * *
| * * *
1/6 | * * *
| * * *
---+--+--+------> X
p(X)
5/7 |
|
4/7 |
|
3/7 | *
*
| *
*
2/7 | *
*
| *
*
1/7 | * * *
| * * *
---+--+--+------>
1
b.
5/6 |
|
4/6 | *
*
| *
*
3/6 | *
*
| *
*
2/6 | *
*
| *
*
1/6 | * * *
| * * *
---+--+--+-----1
d.
p(X)
5/7 |
*
|
*
4/7 |
*
|
*
3/7 |
*
|
*
2/7 |
*
|
*
1/7 | * * *
| * * *
---+--+--+-----1

Look at the answer
56-1
Q:
Suppose that the random variable T has the following probability

distribution:
t
|
0
1
2
---------------------P(T = t) | .5 .3 .2
a.
Find P(T <= 0)
b.
c.
Find P(T >= 0 and T < 2)

Compute E(T), the mean of the random variable T.

Look at the answer
63-1
Q:
The random numbers generator of a computer produces values that are

uniformly distributed from zero to one. A programmer doesn't want
his program to print the same message everytime that a user reaches
a certain point in the program. He wants the program to print:
Hooray]
Yep.
Bullseye]
Fantastic]
20%
40%
5%
35%
of
of
of
of
the
the
the
the
time,
time,
time, and
time.
He can do this by including in the program an instruction that

tells the program to do different things depending on the random
number generated.
a.
and
Sketch the distribution of random numbers and indicate areas

boundary values so that the 4 comments will appear as desired.

Look at the answer
119-2
Q:
One hundred students took a test on which the mean score was 73
with a variance of 64. A grade of A was given to all who
scored 85 or better. Approximately how many A's were there,
assuming
scores were normally distributed?

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
42
7
58
5
22

Look at the answer
(Choose the closest.)
120-1
Q:
A standard normal distribution has:

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
the mean equal to the variance

mean equal 1 and variance equal 1
mean equal 0 and variance equal 1
mean equal 0 and standard deviation equal 0
none of these

Look at the answer
121-2
Q:
Use the model that the number of cells in a sample of kidney tissue
is normally distributed with a mean of 4200 and a standard
deviation
of 300 to answer the following questions:
(a)
(b)
What proportion of samples would have 4800 cells or more?

What proportion of samples would have from 3700 to 4400 cells?

Look at the answer
131-2
Q:
find
If a normal distribution has mean 200 and standard deviation 20,

K so that the probability that a sample value is less than K is .
975.
a. 239
E. 220
b. 204
c.
F. 230
G. 239
210
H. 250
d.
215
e.
220

Look at the answer
135-1
Q:
The thickness of the individual cards produced by a certain

playing card manufacturer is normally distributed with mean =
0.01 inches and variance = 0.000052. What is the probability
that a deck of 52 cards is more than 0.65 inches in thickness?

A.
E.
.001
.067
B.
F.
.006
.087
C.
G.
.023
.159
D.
H.
.036
.184

Look at the answer
136-3
Q:
If Z is a standard normal variable, then the area to the left of

Z = 0.65 is:
a.
b.
c.
0.35
0.2242
0.65
d.
e.
0.2578
0.7422

Look at the answer
137-1
Q:
values
What area under the standard normal curve falls outside the Z
-2.5 and 2.5?
a.
5062
.0062
b.
.9876
c.
.0124
d.
.4938
e.

Look at the answer
137-2
Q:
If the life of wild pheasants follows a normal distribution with a

mean of 9 months and a variance of 9, what percent of the
population
will be less than 11 months of age?
(Note that MU = 9 and SIGMA(X)**2 = 9.)
(a)
(b)
34.13
84.13
(c)
(d)
74.86
62.93
Look at the answer
138-1
Q:
If Z is the standard normal random variable, then P(Z > -0.38) is

(a)
(b)
.1480
.2960
(c)
(d)
.3520
.6480

Look at the answer
138-2
Q:
= 10,
If XBAR is the mean of a sample from a normal distribution with MU

SIGMA(X)**2 = 25 and n = 9, then P(XBAR > 15) is:
(a)
(b)
.001350
.998650
(c)
(d)
.98778
.15866

Look at the answer
139-1
Q:
The distribution of lifetimes for a certain type of light

bulb is normally distributed with a mean of 1000 hours and a
standard deviation of 100 hours. Find the 33rd percentile of
the distribution of lifetimes.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
560
330
1044
1440
none of these

Look at the answer
141-1
Q:
A Z-Score is a
a.
b.
c.
d.
raw score with

raw score with
standard score
standard score
a mean
a mean
with a
with a
of zero;
of 50;
mean of zero;
mean of 50.

Look at the answer
141-3
Q:
Z-scores provide information about the location of raw scores

a.
b.
c.
d.
below the mean in units of the range of the distribution;

above the mean in units of the standard deviation of the
distribution;
above and below the mean in units of the range of the
distribution;
above and below the mean in standard deviation units from
the mean.

Look at the answer
142-1
Q:
Mary has a raw score of 40 in a distribution of scores with mean =

30, range = 60, and standard deviation = 10. Her Z-score is:
a)
b)
c)
-1.00
-0.67
+0.67
d)
e)
+1.00
+10.00

Look at the answer
142-2
Q:
Charlie's Z-score is 1.15 on a classroom examination. The mean

score for the class is 50, the range is 25, and the standard deviation is 10. Charlie's raw score on the test is:
a)
b)
11.15
51.15
c)
d)
61.50
77.75

Look at the answer
143-1
Q:
A person with a Z-Score of -2.00 has performed below approximately

what percent of the students taking the test?
a)
b)
c)
2 percent
15 percent
50 percent
d)
e)
84 percent
97 percent

Look at the answer
144-1
Q:
Suppose you were told that scores on an examination were converted

to standard scores with a mean = 500, range of 800, and a standard
deviation of 100. A person with a score of 600 has performed better than what percent of the persons taking the test?
a)
b)
c)
20 percent
50 percent
57 percent
d)
e)
84 percent
97.5 percent

Look at the answer
144-2
new
Q:
If each of a set of raw scores is transformed into a Z-score, the

distribution will have a standard deviation equal to
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
zero.
one.
the mean of the original distribution.
the standard deviation of the original distribution.
a variable, depending upon the shape and spread of the original
distribution.
Look at the answer
145-2
Q:
In a population there are 60 scores; the distribution has a mean of

45 and a standard deviation of 25. A score of 85 from this
population:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
has a Z-score of 1.60.

has a Z-score of -1.00.
it is impossible to compute Z without additional
information
none of the above

Look at the answer
146-2
Q:
The
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Z-score corresponding to the 52nd percentile is:

2.06
2.05
1.99
0.48
0.05

Look at the answer
147-1
Q:
Assume that the test scores of 600 students are normally distributed with a mean of 76 and a standard deviation of 8. The number
of students scoring between 70 and 82 is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
328
164
260
136
272

Look at the answer
149-1
Q:
Pr(-.25 < Z) is
a.
b.
c.
d.
greater than .5000

less than .5000
equal to .5000
not possible to determine without more information.

Look at the answer
149-2
of
Q:
Given that a distribution has a mean of 32 and a standard deviation

4, what score will be associated with a standard Z score of 1.5?
a)
b)
c)
d)
26
32
38
40

Look at the answer
150-1
Q:
Pr(Z <= 1.65 or Z > 3.0) is

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
0.0508
0.9518
0.9482
0.0482
None of the above

Look at the answer
150-2
Q:
Pr(Z > +1.96 or Z < -1.65) is
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
0.025
0.05
0.0745
0.0495
None of the above

Look at the answer
155-2
Q:
The height of male college freshmen has a normal distribution with

mean 71 inches and standard deviation 3 inches. If X is the height
of a male college freshman selected at random, then P(69.5 <= X <=
75) =
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
.5997
.6915
.2167
.9082
none of these

Look at the answer
166-1
Q:
normal
What percent of cases are likely to be between 86 and 93 in a

distribution with mean 87 and variance 4?
a.
b.
c.
30.85%
30.72%
49.87%
d.
e.
69.02%
none of these

Look at the answer
166-2
Q:
In a normal distribution with mean 30 and variance 25, at what

percentile rank does a score of 42 fall?
a.
.82%
b.
c.
d.
e.
49.18%
50.82%
99.18%
none of these

Look at the answer
167-1
Q:
Suppose a set of data has a normal distribution with mean 43 and

variance 9. What score has a percentile rank of 33%?
a.
b.
c.
44.32
39.04
41.47
d.
e.
41.68
none of these

Look at the answer
167-2
Q:
In a normal distribution with mean 3 and variance 49, what are the
upper and lower limit scores for the middle 50% of the data?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
-29.83 and 35.83

-1.31 and 7.69
-1.69 and 7.69
3.00 and 24.00
none of these

Look at the answer
168-1
Q:
e.
Consider a normal distribution with a mean of 86 and a standard

deviation of 16. What percentage of the scores are above 78?
a. 69.15%
b.
2.28%
c. 97.72%
d. 77.34%
none of these

Look at the answer
168-2
Q: The 67th percentile of a normal distribution with mean 6 and
variance
9 has an X value equal to:
a.
b.
c.
12.66
6.75
8.24
d.
e.
8.22
none of these

Look at the answer
169-2
Q:
In a frequency distribution with a median of 50 and a standard

deviation of 4, what score corresponds to a standard score of 1.0?
a. 12.5
information
b. 54
c. 46
d.
cannot be determined without additional
e.
none of the above is true

Look at the answer
170-1
Q:
number
A normal distribution has mean 10 and variance 100.

such that 21% of the observations lie below it?
a.
b.
c.
11.9
1.9
4.4

Look at the answer
d.
e.
9.193
none of these
What is the
171-1
Q: If certain scores are distributed normally with mean 500 and
variance
625, what is the percentage of scores likely to fall below 550?
(1)
(2)
(3)
97.72%
84.13%
47.72%
(4)
(5)
65.54%
none of these

Look at the answer
172-2
Q:
What proportion of cases in a normal distribution with mean -7

and variance 4 will fall between -9 and -4?
a.
b.
c.
.9759
.4649
.5919
d.
e.
.7745
none of these

Look at the answer
173-1
Q:
devia-
A normally distributed variable has a mean of 10 and a standard
tion of 2.
obtained is:
a.
b.
c.
The probability that a value between 7 and 9 is
.6247
.3085
.2417
d.
e.
.0668
none of these

Look at the answer
176-1
Q:
The standard normal score Z is:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Normally distributed with a mean of zero and with a

standard deviation of one.
Calculated by the formula Z = [X - MU]/[SIGMA].
Used to find the probabilities associated with any
normal distribution.
All of the above are correct.
None of the above are correct.

Look at the answer
176-2
Q:
earn
If
mean
his
A physical education instructor told his class that they
could
an A for the triple-jump if they could jump further than 24 feet.

the distances jumped by students are normally distributed with a
of 22 feet and a standard deviation of 3 feet, what percentage of
students will earn an A?
a)
e)
0.0228
b) 0.2486
c)
0.2514
d)
0.4772

Look at the answer
177-1
Q:
of 66
useable
too
Rods produced by G&R Company are normally distributed with a mean

cm. and a standard deviation of 2 cm.
if they are longer than 68.5 cm.
Rods are too long
to be
What percentage of these rods are
long?
a)
e)
0.1056
b) 0.1151
c)

Look at the answer
0.3849
d)
0.3944
177-2
of
Q:
percent
and
Rods produced by G&R Company are normally distributed with a mean

66
cm.
and a standard deviation of 2 cm.
are too short, what is the cut off length
If the shortest 4
between
"too
short"
"acceptable length"?
a)
e)
62.5
b) 63.36
c) 64.25
d)
65.96

Look at the answer
185-1
Q: The average time students need to finish a particular test is 70
minutes
with a standard deviation of 12 minutes. (Assume that these times
are
normally distributed.) If we want 90% of the students to have
sufficient time to finish the test, how much time should we give them?
a. 54.64 minutes
b. 85.36 minutes
c. 136.48 minutes
d. 254.32 minutes

Look at the answer
189-1
Q: If the times recorded for a group of 150 high school students
measured
on the 600 yard run-walk represent a normal distribution, how would
you
answer the following:
Given:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
XBAR = 2 minutes
SIGMA = 12 seconds
n = 150
time for the best student?

time for the worst student?
number of students worse than 2 minutes, 15 seconds?
number of students better than 1 minute, 42 seconds?
what is the mode?
what is the median?

Look at the answer
190-1
Q: Assuming that the monthly food expenditures of families of a
certain
size in one economic group are approximately normally
distributed
with a mean of $130 and a standard deviation of $20:
a.
What proportion of the expenditures are less than $90?
b.
What percentage of the expenditures are between $100 and $120?
c.
What percentage of the expenditures are either less than $120

or more than $150?
d.
Above what value does the top 14 percent of the expenditures

lie?

Look at the answer
193-2
Q: Suppose the length of
normally
distributed with MU =
guarantees the battery to
batteries will they have to
life of certain kinds of batteries is

36 months, SIGMA = 4 months.
last 30 months.
The company
What proportion of the
make an adjustment on?

Look at the answer
200-1
Q:
of
was
with
The U.S. Department of Commerce has just completed a sample survey

weekly food expenditures.
taken.
A simple random sample of 100 families
The average weekly food expenditure was $70.00 per week,
a standard deviation of $8.00. You may assume expenditures in the

population to be normally distributed.
a.
What proportion of the families spent $85.00 or more per week

on food? Be sure to diagram your problem solution]
b.
Using the information above, find the expenditure value above

which 80% of the families lie.

Look at the answer
202-1
Q:
Suppose a floor manager of a large department store is

studying buying habits of their customers.
a)
customers
he
If he is willing to assume that monthly income of these

is distributed normally, what proportion of the income should
expect to fall in the interval determined by MU +/- 1.2(SIGMA)?
b)
What proportion of the income should he expect to be greater

than MU + SIGMA?
c)
Still assuming normality, what is the probability that a

customer selected at random will have an income exceeding the
population mean by 3*SIGMA?

Look at the answer
206-2
Q:
Suppose a floor manager of a large department store is studying

the buying habits of the store's customers.
a)
If he is willing to assume that monthly income of these

customers is distributed normally and SIGMA = $500, find
the proportion of customers exceeding the population mean
by $375.
b)
Find the proportion of customers within $125 of the

population mean.

Look at the answer
207-1
Q:
A floor manager of a large department store is studying the buying

habits of the store's customers. Suppose the manager has someone
tell him that monthly income of these customers is distributed normally with a population mean of $600 and standard deviation of
$500.
a)
What proportion of the customers should he expect to have

incomes less than $600?
b)
What proportion should he expect to have incomes less

than $725?

Look at the answer
213-1
Q:
Assume that commuting time via bicycle to the campus is a normal

random variable with mean MU = 8 minutes and standard deviation
SIGMA = 2 minutes.
If 91% of the bike-commuters take longer to reach campus than you
do, then your commuting time is approximately:
(a)
(b)
(c)
5.32
5.71
7.54
(d)
(e)
10.68
4.88

Look at the answer
213-2
Q:
2.0
If X is a random variable from a normal distribution with mean =

and variance = 4.0 then P(-1 < X < 5) = _______________.

Look at the answer
529-2
Q:
Which of the following random variables are continuous and which

are discrete?
a.
b.
c.
d.
IQ
number of kittens in a litter
number of responses made by a rat in a bar-pressing
situation
the rate of bar pressing (responses/time)
1. a, b continuous; c, d discrete
2. a, c, d continuous; b discrete
3. d continuous; a, b, c discrete
4. a continuous; b, c, d discrete
5. none of these.

Look at the answer
530-3
Q:
What is the principal distinction between a discrete and continuous

random variable? Give an example of each.

Look at the answer
531-2
Q:
True or False?
If False, correct it.
The number of individuals in a family is a continuous variable.

Look at the answer
531-3
Q:
Variables in which measurement is always approximate because they

permit an unlimited number of intermediate values are:
a.
b.
nominal.
discrete.
c.
d.
e.
ordinal.
continuous.
interval.

Look at the answer
532-2
Q:
A continuous variable:
a)
b)
c)
d)
may take on
may take on
may take on
must be any
only integer values (e.g. 0, 1, 2, ...).

only a finite number of different values.
an infinite number of values.
nonnegative real number.

Look at the answer
743-1
Q:
True or False?
The breaking strength of a cable is a discrete variable.

Look at the answer
1776-4
Q:
Consider a normal distribution with MU = 67 and SIGMA**2 = 144.

If each score is raised by 7 points, what percentage of the new
scores is less than 74?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
72%
88%
50%
52%
none of these

Look at the answer
1859-3
Q:
True or False?
If the mean depth of a river is 2 feet, it would be safe for a nonswimmer to wade across.

Look at the answer
1860-1
Q:
True or False?
The mean number of children per family in LA is quoted as 2.2.
Since very few families have 2/10 of a child, this figure must
be wrong.

Look at the answer
2035-1
Q:
What percent of the area of a distribution lies between the first
and
third quartiles?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
specific
25
50
68
75
The question can't be answered without knowledge of the
distribution.

Look at the answer
2054-1
Q:
True or False?
The 70th percentile of the distribution of a random variable X is
an
x-value which is exceeded by 70% of the population of X.

Look at the answer
2054-2
Q:
True or False?
Not more than 10% of a set of measurements can be above the 95th
percentile.

Look at the answer

Answers:
31-2
A:
c)
Assigns probabilities to the various values of x.
Back to review this question

Look at this question's identification
31-3
A:
b)
characteristic which takes on different values

38-3
A:
Definition:
Example:
particular
(On the
A characteristic or measurement that only takes one

unchanging value.
Suppose that we accurately record the amount of change
carried by each person attending a class on a
day. The mean for that population is a constant, say,
53 cents. It has one value which will not change.
other hand, if we consider drawing a random sample of
from the class and calculating a sample mean, we are

dealing with a random variable. If we draw one sample
it will have one mean, say, 82 cents. If we draw
another
sample, it almost always will have another mean, say,

45 cents, etc.)

45-1
A:
b.
Because here the sum of the probabilities is greater than 1.

56-1
A:
a.
P(T <= 0) = .5
b.
P(T >= 0 and T < 2) =

=
=
=
c.
E(T) = SUM(t * P(T = t))
P(T = 0 or T = 1)
P(T = 0) + P(T = 1)
.5 + .3
.8
= (0*.5) + (1*.3) + (2*.2)

= 0.7

63-1
A:
This question can have many correct answers.
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--------------------------------0
.2
.6 .65
1
VALUES OF RANDOM NUMBER
REL.
FREQ.
If the random number is between

0 and .2
.2+ and .6
.6+ and .65
.65+ and 1
print
print
print
print
Hooray]
Yep.
Bullseye]
Fantastic]

119-2
A:
2.

120-1
One of them follows.
A:
c.
mean equal 0 and variance equal 1.

121-2
A:
(a)
.0228
Z = (4800 - 4200)/300 = 2.00
Area for Z = 2.00 is .4772.
Therefore, the desired area is .5000 - .4772 = .0228.
(b)
.7011
Z(1) = (3700 - 4200)/300 = -1.67
Z(2) = (4400 - 4200)/300 = 0.67
Prob(-1.67 < Z <= 0) = 0.4525
Prob(0 < Z < 0.67) = 0.2486
Therefore, the desired area is 0.4525 + 0.2486 = .7011.

131-2
A:
a.
239
(K - 200)/20 = 1.96
Therefore, K = 239

135-1
A:
B.
.006
MU (deck) = 52 * .01 = .52

Var(deck) = 52 * .000052 = .002704
Z = (.65 - .52)/SQRT(.002704) = .13/.052
= 2.5
P(Z > 2.5) = .0062

136-3
A:
e.
0.7422

137-1
A:
c.
.0124

137-2
A:
(c)
74.86
Z = (11 - 9)/3 = .67
P(Z < .67) = (.2486) + (.5000)
= .7486
= 74.86%

138-1
A:
(d)
.6480
From the table of cumulative normal distribution, the area
under
the curve to the right of Z = -0.38 is .6480.

138-2
A:
(a)
.001350
P(XBAR > 15) = P(Z > (15 - 10)/(5/3)) = P(Z > 3)
= .001350

139-1
A:
e.
none of these
P(z<=?) = .33
z = -.44
-.44 = (x-1000)/(100)
x = -44 + 1000
= 956

141-1
A:
c.
standard score with a mean of zero.

141-3
A:
d.
above and below the mean in standard deviation units from

the mean.

142-1
A:
d)
+1.00
Z = (X - MU)/Standard Deviation
= (40 - 30)/10 = 1

142-2
A:
c)
61.50
1.15 = (X - 50)/10
X = 61.50

143-1
A:
e)
97 percent
Z = -2
Area to left of Z = .0228
Total area = 1
Percentage of people above that person = 1 - .0288
= .9712*100
= 97.12 percent

144-1
A:
d)
84 percent
Z = (600 - 500)/100 = 1
Area between Z and Mean = .3413
Area to Left of Z = .5 + .3413 = .8413
Percentile Rank = 100*.8413 = 84.13
Therefore, the person has performed better than 84 percent of
the people.

144-2
A:
b.
one.
Z-score = (X - MU)/SIGMA
VAR(Z) = 1.0

145-2
A:
a.

Z-score = (X - MU)/SIGMA
= (85 - 45)/25 = 1.60

146-2
A:
(e)

147-1
A:
a.
328
Z = (X - MU)/SIGMA
Z-Score for 70 = (70-76)/8 = -.75
Z-Score for 82 = (82-76)/8 = .75
The area between -.75 and .75 = .2734 + .2734 = .5468

Number of students = 600*.5468 = 328

149-1
A:
a.
greater than .5000.

Pr(-.25 < Z) = .5000 + .0987 = .5987.

149-2
A:
c)
38
Z = (X - MU)/SIGMA
1.5 = (X - 32)/4
X = 32 + 1.5*4 = 32 + 6 = 38

150-1
A:
(2)
0.9518
P(Z <= 1.65 or Z > 3.0) = P(Z <= 1.65) + P(Z > 3.0)
= .9505 + .0013 = .9518

150-2
A:
(3) 0.0745
Pr(Z > +1.96 or Z < -1.65) = P(Z > 1.96) + P(Z < -1.65)
= .0251 + .0494 = .0745

155-2
A:
a.
.5997
Z(1) = (69.5 - 71)/3 = -.5

Z(2) = (75
- 71)/3 = 1.33
P(69.5 <= X <= 75) = P(-.5 <= Z <= 1.33)
= .1915 + .4082 = .5997

166-1
A:
d.
69.02%
Mean = 87
Variance = 4
SIGMA = 2
Z = (X - MU)/SIGMA
Z to the left of mean = (86 - 87)/2 = -1/2 = -.5
Z to the right of mean = (93 - 87)/2 = 6/2 = +3
Area between Z values of -.5 to +3 = .1915 + .4987 = .6902.
Percentage of cases between 86 and 93 = 69.02%

166-2
A:
d.
99.18%
Mean = 30
Variance = 25
SIGMA = 5
Z = (X - MU)/SIGMA = (42 - 30)/5 = 2.4
Area to the right of Z = 2.4 is .0082.
Percentile rank = 100 - (.0082*100)

= 99.18%

167-1
A:
d.
41.68
Z value corresponding to .33 = -.44

Z = (X - MU)/SIGMA = (X - 43)/3
(-.44) * 3 = X - 43
X = 43 - 1.32 = 41.68

167-2
A:
c.
-1.69 and 7.69

Mean = 3,
Variance = 49,
SIGMA = 7
We want the limits for the middle 50% of the data, i.e. from
the 25th percentile to the 75th percentile.
-.67
Z value on left of mean corresponding to 25th percentile
Z value on right of mean corresponding to 25th percentile
67
Z = (X - MU)/SIGMA
-.67 = (X - 3)/7
-4.69 = X - 3
X(lower limit) = -1.69
Similarly, X(upper limit) =
3 + 4.69 = 7.69

168-1
A:
a.
69.15%
Mean = 86
SIGMA = 16
X = 78
Z = (X - MU)/SIGMA = (78 - 86)/16 = -8/16 = -.5

Area to the right of Z value of -.5 = .1915 + .5 = .6915
Percentage of scores above 78 = 69.15%.

168-2
A:
e.
none of these
Area for 67th percentile = .17 (between Z and mean)
Z value corresponding to .17 = .44
Z = (X - MU)/SIGMA = (X - 6)/3
X = (.44 * 3) + 6 = 7.32

169-2
A:
d.
cannot be determined without additional information

170-1
A:
b.
1.9
Z = (X - MU)/SIGMA
An area corresponding to the 21st percentile is the same as an
area = .29 between X and the mean.
Z value corresponding to this area = -.81
-.81 =
=
-8.1 =
X =
(X - MU)/SIGMA
(X - 10)/10
X - 10
1.9

171-1
A:
(1)
97.72%
Mean = 500
Variance = 625
SIGMA = 25
Z = (X - MU)/SIGMA = (550 - 500)/25 = 2
Area beyond Z value of 2 = .0228 or 2.28%
2.28% of scores fall above 550
Percentage of scores falling below 550 = 100% - 2.28% = 97.72%

172-2
A:
d.
.7745
Z value for an observation of -9 = (X - MU)/SIGMA

= (-9 - (-7))/2 = -1
Z value for an observation of -4 = (-4 - (-7))/2 = 1.5
Area between Z values of -1 to 1.5 = .3413 + .4332 = .7745

173-1
A:
c.
.2417
Z value associated with 9 = (X - MU)/SIGMA
= (9 - 10)/2
= -.5
Z value associated with 7 = (7 - 10)/2
= -1.5
Area between Z values of -1.5 and -.5 = .4332-.1915 = .2417

176-1
A:
d)
All of the above are correct.

176-2
A:
c)
0.2514
Z = [X - MU]/[SIGMA]
= [24 - 22]/[3]
= .666
Prob.(Z>.666) = .2514

177-1
A:
a)
0.1056
Z = [X - MU]/[SIGMA]
= [68.5 - 66]/[2]
= 1.25
Prob.(Z>1.25) = .1056

177-2
A:
a)
62.5
Prob.(Z= 46) = p(Z >= [46-40]/[8])
= p(Z >= .75)
= .2266
Expected frequency E(f) = N * p

= (10,000) * (.2266)
= 2266

185-1
A:
b.
correspond
85.36 minutes
The upper 10% of the students (needing the most time)
to a Z-score in a standard normal distribution of 1.28
1.28 = [X-70]/[12] implies X = 85.36

189-1
A:
a.
of
Using the empirical rule, the expected Z score for the fastest
runner would be near -3, which converts to an approximate time
84 seconds.
((120 - 3*12) = 120 - 36 = 84)
b.
approximate
Again using the empirical rule, the expected Z score for the
slowest runner would be near +3, which converts to an
time of 156 seconds.
((120 + 12*3) = 156)
c.
Z = 135 - 120/12 = 1.25

Area to the right of Z = 1.25 is .1056
.1056 * 150 = 16 students
d.
(102 - 120)/12 = -1.5

Area to the left of Z = -1.5 is .0668
.0668 * 150 = 10 students
e.
two minutes
f.
two minutes

190-1
A:
a.
Z = (90 - 130)/20 = -2
percentage = .5 - .4772 = 2.28 percent
b.
Z = (100 - 130)/20 = -1.5

Z = (120 - 130)/20 = - .5
c.
Z(120) = -.5
Z(150) = 1.0

total percentage = 46.72 percent

d.
.5 - .14 = .36
Z = 1.08
1.08 = (value - 130)/20
value = $151.60

193-2
A:
P(X < 30) = P(Z < (30 - 36)/4)

= P(Z < -1.5)
= .0668 or 6.68%

200-1
A:
If available, consult file of graphs and diagrams that could not be

computerized.
a)
Z = (X - MU)/SIGMA
= (85 - 70)/8
= 1.875
Area beyond this Z value is .0301, so 3.01% of the families
spent
85 dollars or more per week.

b)
below
A cumulative Z value such that 80% lies above it or 20% lies

it is -.84.
Z = (X - MU)/SIGMA
-.84 = (X - 70)/8
X = 63.28
Therefore, 80% of the families lie above the expenditure value
of
$63.28/week.

202-1
A:
a)
P(MU <= X <= 1.2SIGMA) = .3849

P(X is in interval MU +/- 1.2SIGMA) = 2(.3849) = .7698
b)
P(X > (MU + SIGMA)) = (.5 - .3413) = .1587
c)
P(X > MU + (3*SIGMA)) = (.5 - .4987) = .0013

206-2
A:
a)
Z = 375/500 = .75
P(Z > .75) = (0.5 - .2734) = .2266
b)
Z = 125/500 = .25
P(-.25 <= Z <= .25) = 2(.0987) = .1974

207-1
A:
a)
.5
b)
Z = (725 - 600)/500 = .25

P(Z < .25) = .5 + .0987 = .5987

213-1
A:
(a)
5.32
Area beyond Z = .09
Z = -1.34
Z
-1.34
-2.68
5.32
=
=
=
=
(X - MU)/SIGMA
(X - 8)/2
X - 8
X

213-2
A:
P(-1 < X < 5) = .8664

P(-1 < X < 5) = P[ -1 - 2 < X - 2 < 5 - 2]
= P[(-1 - 2)/2 < (X - 2)/2 < (5 - 2)/2]
= P[-1.5 < Z < 1.5]
= .8664

529-2
A:
5.
none of these

530-3
A:
assume
can
three
The principal distinction is that a discrete random variable can

a countable number of values, while a continuous random variable
assume an uncountably infinite number of values.
Examples of a discrete random variable:
a. The number of heads obtained when a coin is flipped
b.
c.
Examples of
a.
b.
c.
times.
The number that turns up when a die is rolled.
The number of people waiting in line at a movie theater
a continuous random variable:
The height of a human
The amount of rainfall
Time required to run a mile

531-2
A: False - The number of individuals in a family is a discrete
variable,
since the values it can assume are only whole numbers.

531-3
A:
d.
continuous.

532-2
A:
c)
may take on an infinite number of values.

743-1
A:
False, the breaking strength of a cable is a continuous variable.

1776-4
A:
c.
50%
Since each score has been raised by 7 points, the mean will
also be
raised by 7 points.
will be
The new mean is 74.
50% of the scores
less than the mean of a normal distribution.

1859-3
A:
False.
Actual depth may exceed the mean depth in some places.

1860-1
A:
False

2035-1
A:
b.
50
Between the twenty-fifth percentile, and the seventy-fifth
percen-
tile, the percentage of area is

75 - 25 = 50%.

2054-1
A: False, the 70th percentile value is exceeded by 30% of the
population.

2054-2
A:
False, only 5 percent of the measurements are above the 95th percentile.


Identification:
31-2
Item is still being reviewed
Multiple Choice
PROBFUNCTION
BASICTERMS/PROB
PROBDISTRIBUTION PROBABILITY
T= 2
D= 3
Comprehension
General

31-3
Multiple Choice
BASICTERMS/STATS BASICTERMS/PROB
STATISTICS
PROBABILITY
T= 2
D= 2
Comprehension
General

38-3
Based upon item submitted by J. Warren - UNH
Definition
BASICTERMS/PROB
BASICTERMS/STATS
I650I
PROBABILITY
STATISTICS
T= 5
D= 3
Comprehension
General

45-1
Multiple Choice
CONCEPT/OTHER
PROBMODELS
GRAPH/PICTOGRAPH
DESCRSTAT/P
PARAMETRIC
STATISTICS
T= 2
D= 2
Comprehension
General

56-1

Numerical Answer
EVENTS
EXPECTATION
PROBABILITY
T= 5
D= 3
PROBDISTRIBUTION
Computation
General
***Multiple Parts***

63-1
Based upon item submitted by J. Warren - UNH
Numerical Answer
UNIFORM
RANDOMNUMBERS
I650I
PROBDISTRIBUTION
PROBABILITY
RANDOMVARIABLES
T= 5
D= 3
Application
General

119-2
Multiple Choice
STANDUNITS/NORMA
T= 2
D= 2
Comprehension
Education
General
***Statistical Table Necessary***

120-1
Based upon item submitted by J. Inglis
Multiple Choice
STANDUNITS/NORMA MEAN
VARIANCE
PROBDISTRIBUTION
PARAMETRIC
T= 2
D= 2
PROBABILITY
STATISTICS
DESCRSTAT/P
Comprehension
General

121-2
Numerical Answer
ZSCORE
STANDUNITS/NORMA
T=10
D= 3
Computation
General

131-2
Based upon item submitted by A. Bugbee - UNH
Multiple Choice
OTHER/N
ZSCORE
NORMAL
STANDUNITS/NORMA ASSUMPTCUSTOMARY
T= 2
D= 2
Computation
General

135-1
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
STANDERROR/OTHER
STANDUNITS/NORMA PROBDISTRIBUTION
DESCRSTAT/P
PARAMETRIC
PROBABILITY
STATISTICS
T= 5
D= 4
Application
Business
General
***Calculator Necessary***

136-3
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
NORMAL
T= 2
D= 2
PROBABILITY
Application
General

137-1
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
NORMAL
T= 2
D= 1
PROBABILITY
Computation
General

137-2
Multiple Choice
PROPORTION
ZSCORE
DESCRSTAT/P
PARAMETRIC
STATISTICS
PROBABILITY
T= 2
D= 4
Application
Biological Sciences General
Natural Sciences

138-1
Based upon item submitted by H. B. Christensen - BYU
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
STANDUNITS/NORMA PROBDISTRIBUTION PROBABILITY
T= 2
D= 3
Comprehension
General

138-2
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
CENTRALLIMITTHM
STANDUNITS/NORMA
PROBABILITY
CONCEPT
T= 5
D= 3
PROBDISTRIBUTION
STATISTICS
Computation
Comprehension
General

139-1
Multiple Choice
PERCENTILE
ZSCORE
DESCRSTAT/P
PARAMETRIC
STATISTICS
T= 5
Application
D= 4
General
Natural Sciences

141-1
Based upon item submitted by R. Shavelson - UCLA
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 2
D= 1
Comprehension
General

141-3
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 2
D= 2
Comprehension
General

142-1
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
MEAN
STANDARDDEVIATIO
PARAMETRIC
STATISTICS
T= 5
D= 4
Computation
General
STANDUNITS/NORMA
DESCRSTAT/P

142-2
Based upon item submitted
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
MEAN
PROBDISTRIBUTION
PARAMETRIC
T= 5
D= 4
by R. Shavelson - UCLA
STANDARDDEVIATIO
PROBABILITY
STATISTICS
STANDUNITS/NORMA
DESCRSTAT/P
Computation
General

143-1
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
PERCENTILE
DESCRSTAT/P
PARAMETRIC
STATISTICS
T= 5
D= 3
Computation
General

144-1
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
PERCENTILE
DESCRSTAT/P
PARAMETRIC
STATISTICS
T=10
D= 5
Computation
General

144-2
Based upon item submitted by R. Pruzek - SUNY at Albany
Multiple Choice
STANDARDDEVIATIO ZSCORE
POPULATIONMODELS DESCRSTAT/P
PARAMETRIC
STATISTICS
PROBABILITY
T= 2
D= 2
Comprehension
General

145-2
Based upon item submitted by W. J. Hall - Univ. of Rochester
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 2
D= 1
Computation
General

146-2
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
PERCENTILE
I650I
PROBABILITY
DESCRSTAT/P
PARAMETRIC
STATISTICS
T= 2
D= 3
Comprehension
General

147-1
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
NORMAL
APPLICATIONEX
PROBABILITY
MISCELLANEOUS
T= 5
D= 2
Computation
Comprehension
Application
General
Education

149-1
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 2
D= 1
Computation
Comprehension
General

149-2
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 2
D= 1
Computation
General
PROBABILITY
150-1
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 2
D= 2
Computation
General

150-2
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 2
D= 2
Computation
General

155-2
Based upon item submitted by F. J. Samaniego - UC Davis
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 5
D= 3
Computation
General

166-1
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T=10
D= 4
PROBABILITY
Computation
General

166-2
Multiple Choice
PERCENTILE
ZSCORE
DESCRSTAT/P
PARAMETRIC
T= 5
D= 4
STATISTICS
PROBABILITY
Computation
General

167-1
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 5
D= 4
PROBABILITY
Computation
General

167-2
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 5
D= 4
PROBABILITY
Computation
General

168-1
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 5
D= 4
PROBABILITY
Computation
General

168-2
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
PERCENTILE
DESCRSTAT/P
PARAMETRIC
T= 5
D= 3
Computation
General

169-2
PROBABILITY
STATISTICS

Multiple Choice
MEDIAN
ZSCORE
MEAN
STATISTICS
PROBABILITY
T= 2
D= 2
by J. Inglis
DESCRSTAT/NP
STANDUNITS/NORMA
DESCRSTAT/P
NONPARAMETRIC
PROBDISTRIBUTION
PARAMETRIC
Comprehension
General

170-1
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T=10
D= 4
PROBABILITY
Computation
General

171-1
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 5
D= 3
PROBABILITY
Computation
General

172-2
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
NORMAL
STANDUNITS/NORMA
T= 5
D= 3
Computation
General
PROBDISTRIBUTION
PROBABILITY

173-1
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 5
D= 3
PROBABILITY
Computation
General

176-1
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 2
D= 2
PROBABILITY
Comprehension
General

176-2
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 2
Computation
PROBABILITY
D= 1
General
Education

177-1
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 2
D= 1
PROBABILITY
Computation
General
Natural Sciences

177-2
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 2
D= 2
PROBABILITY
Computation
General

185-1
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 2
D= 2
PROBABILITY
Computation
General
Education

189-1
Based upon item submitted by K. Amsden - UNH
Numerical Answer
ZSCORE
MODE
MEDIAN
I650I
PROBABILITY
DESCRSTAT/NP
NONPARAMETRIC
STATISTICS
T=10
D= 3
Computation
General
Education
Biological Sciences

190-1
Numerical Answer
ZSCORE
OTHER/N
STANDUNITS/NORMA
PROBABILITY
NORMAL
T=10
D= 4
PROBDISTRIBUTION
Computation
Application
General
Economics

193-2
Based upon item submitted by H. B. Christensen - BYU
Numerical Answer
ZSCORE
T= 5
D= 2
Computation
General
Business

200-1
Numerical Answer
NORMAL
ZSCORE
T=10
D= 4
STANDUNITS/NORMA
Computation
General
Business

202-1
Numerical Answer
ZSCORE
T= 5
D= 1
PROBABILITY
Computation
Business
General

206-2
Based upon item submitted by R. E. Lund - Montana State U.
Numerical Answer
ZSCORE
T= 5
D= 2
Computation
Business
General

207-1
Based upon item submitted by R. E. Lund - Montana State U.
Numerical Answer
ZSCORE
T= 5
D= 1
Computation
Business
General

213-1
Numerical Answer
NORMAL
ZSCORE
MEAN
PROBABILITY
PARAMETRIC
T=10
D= 3
by F. J. Samaniego - UC Davis
STANDARDDEVIATIO
STANDUNITS/NORMA
STATISTICS
PROBDISTRIBUTION
DESCRSTAT/P
Computation
General

213-2
Based upon item submitted by S. Selvin - UC Berkeley
Numerical Answer
OTHER/N
ZSCORE
NORMAL
STANDUNITS/NORMA
T= 5
D= 3
Computation
General

529-2
Multiple Choice
DISCRETERANVAR
CONTINUOUSRANVAR
RANDOMVARIABLES
PROBABILITY
T= 2
D= 2
Comprehension
Psychology
General

530-3
Short Answer
DISCRETERANVAR
CONTINUOUSRANVAR
RANDOMVARIABLES
PROBABILITY
T= 5
D= 2
Comprehension
General

531-2
True/False
DISCRETERANVAR
RANDOMVARIABLES
PROBABILITY
T= 2
D= 1
Comprehension
General

531-3
Multiple Choice
CONTINUOUSRANVAR
RANDOMVARIABLES
PROBABILITY
T= 2
D= 2
Comprehension
General

532-2
Multiple Choice
CONTINUOUSRANVAR
RANDOMVARIABLES
PROBABILITY
T= 2
D= 1
Comprehension
General

743-1
True/False
BASICTERMS/STATS
STATISTICS
T= 5
D= 3
Comprehension
General

1776-4
MEAN
T= 2
D= 3
Multiple Choice
PROPORTION
DESCRSTAT/P
PARAMETRIC
STATISTICS
Comprehension
General

1859-3
Based upon item submitted by J. L. Mickey -UCLA
True/False
MEAN
DESCRSTAT/P
PARAMETRIC
STATISTICS
T= 2
D= 1
Comprehension
General

1860-1
Based upon item submitted by J. L. Mickey -UCLA
True/False
MEAN
DESCRSTAT/P
PARAMETRIC
STATISTICS
T= 2
D= 1
Comprehension
General

2035-1
Based upon item submitted by R. Pruzek - SUNY at Albany
Multiple Choice
PERCENTILE
DESCRSTAT/P
PARAMETRIC
STATISTICS
T= 2
D= 2
Comprehension
General

2054-1
True/False
PERCENTILE
RANDOMVARIABLES
DESCRSTAT/P
STATISTICS
PROBABILITY
T= 2
D= 5
PARAMETRIC
Comprehension
General

2054-2
True/False
PERCENTILE
DESCRSTAT/P
PARAMETRIC
T= 2
D= 1
Comprehension
General


STATISTICS

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Chapter: Probability Distributions

177-1 Rods are too long to be useable

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A probability function is a rule of correspondence or equation

Finds the mean value of the random variable.

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What is a synonym or example of a variable?

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Define the following term and give an example of its use.

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A sample space consists of the following elementary events:

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Suppose that the random variable T has the following probability

Find P(T <= 0)

Find P(T >= 0 and T < 2)

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The random numbers generator of a computer produces values that are

He can do this by including in the program an instruction that

Sketch the distribution of random numbers and indicate areas

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scores were normally distributed?

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(Choose the closest.)

A standard normal distribution has:

the mean equal to the variance

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What proportion of samples would have 4800 cells or more?

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If a normal distribution has mean 200 and standard deviation 20,

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The thickness of the individual cards produced by a certain

that a deck of 52 cards is more than 0.65 inches in thickness?

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If Z is a standard normal variable, then the area to the left of

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If the life of wild pheasants follows a normal distribution with a

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Look at the answer

If Z is the standard normal random variable, then P(Z > -0.38) is

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If XBAR is the mean of a sample from a normal distribution with MU

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The distribution of lifetimes for a certain type of light

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raw score with

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Z-scores provide information about the location of raw scores

below the mean in units of the range of the distribution;

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Mary has a raw score of 40 in a distribution of scores with mean =

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Charlie's Z-score is 1.15 on a classroom examination. The mean

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A person with a Z-Score of -2.00 has performed below approximately

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Suppose you were told that scores on an examination were converted

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If each of a set of raw scores is transformed into a Z-score, the

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Look at the answer

In a population there are 60 scores; the distribution has a mean of

has a Z-score of 1.60.

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