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  • Positive: Verb Class Stem Te Form Infinitive

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    Sourav Kumar
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    This document discusses Japanese demonstrative words and copula verbs. It provides the four pronoun stems in Japanese - ko, so, a, do - which are used to form demonstrative pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs indicating location and direction. It then lists the demonstrative words formed from each stem. The document also explains the copula verbs desu, aru, and iru and their conjugations in positive and negative forms in present, past, and probable tenses. Desu corresponds to "is", aru means "is/exists" for inanimate objects, and iru means "is/exists" for people and animals.

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    Jp Congugator

    Original Title

    Verb Conjugator

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    This document discusses Japanese demonstrative words and copula verbs. It provides the four pronoun stems in Japanese - ko, so, a, do - which are used to form demonstrative pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs indicating location and direction. It then lists the demonstrative words formed from each stem. The document also explains the copula verbs desu, aru, and iru and their conjugations in positive and negative forms in present, past, and probable tenses. Desu corresponds to "is", aru means "is/exists" for inanimate objects, and iru means "is/exists" for people and animals.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as XLSX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    27 views10 pages

    Positive: Verb Class Stem Te Form Infinitive

    Uploaded by

    Sourav Kumar
    This document discusses Japanese demonstrative words and copula verbs. It provides the four pronoun stems in Japanese - ko, so, a, do - which are used to form demonstrative pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs indicating location and direction. It then lists the demonstrative words formed from each stem. The document also explains the copula verbs desu, aru, and iru and their conjugations in positive and negative forms in present, past, and probable tenses. Desu corresponds to "is", aru means "is/exists" for inanimate objects, and iru means "is/exists" for people and animals.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 10

    Verb Class

    1 ~ Godan ~

    Stem

    yom -

    Te form

    yonde

    Infinitive

    yomi
    Positive
    read, will read

    ?Present Indicative

    Plain

    yomu

    Polite

    yomimasu

    lets read, will probably read

    ?Presumptive \ Volitional

    Plain

    yom

    yomu dar

    Polite

    yomimash

    yomu desh

    read!

    ?Imperative

    Plain

    yome

    Polite

    yonde kudasai

    stood, have stood

    ?Past Indicative

    Plain

    yonda

    Polite

    yomimashita

    probably stood

    ?Past Presumptive

    Plain

    yondar
    yonda dar

    ?Past Presumptive

    Polite

    yonda desh

    standing

    ?Present Progressive

    Plain

    yonde iru

    Polite

    yonde imasu

    was standing

    ?Past Progressive

    Plain

    yonde ita

    Polite

    yonde imashita

    ?Provisional Conditional
    eba

    Plain

    yomeba

    ?Conditional (-tara form)

    Polite

    n/a

    Plain

    yondara

    Polite

    yomimashitara

    ?Potential

    Plain

    yomeru

    Polite

    yomemasu

    ?Causative

    Plain

    yomaseru

    Polite

    yomasemasu

    ?Passive

    Plain

    yomareru

    Polite

    yomaremasu

    http://www.japaneseverbconjugator.com/VerbDetails.asp?txtVerb=yomu&Go=Conjugate

    Negative
    don't read, won't read
    yomanai

    yomimasen

    let's not read, probably won't read


    yomanai dar

    yomanai desh

    don't read!
    yomu na

    yomanai de kudasai

    didn't read, haven't stood


    yomanakatta

    yomimasen deshita

    probably didn't read


    yomanakatta dar

    yomanakatta desh

    not standing

    yonde imasen

    wasn't standing

    yonde imasen deshita



    yomanakereba

    n/a
    yomanakattara

    yomimasen deshitara

    yomenai

    yomemasen

    yomasenai

    yomasemasen

    yomarenai

    yomaremasen

    p?txtVerb=yomu&Go=Conjugate

    Demonstrative Words
    In Japanese language all pronouns are formed using 4 pronoun stems i.e(KOSOADO)
    KO (this) - indicates the objects or events, located near the speaker.
    SO (that) - indicates the objects or events, located near the listener.
    A (that over there) - indicates the objects or events, located away from both speaker and listeners.
    DO (what) - this group of KOSOADO words are all question words.

    (ko)
    Object
    Object
    noun
    Place
    Adjective
    Direction
    Direction
    Polite style
    way of doing thins

    way of doing thins


    Polite style

    (so)

    (kore)

    (sore)

    this

    that

    (kono)

    (sono)

    this

    that

    (koko)

    (soko)

    here

    there

    (konna)

    (sonna)

    like this

    like that

    (kocchi)

    (socchi)

    here

    there

    (kochira)

    (sochira)

    here

    there

    (kou)

    (so)

    Like this

    Like that

    (konoyouni)

    (sonoyoni)

    This way

    That way

    stems i.e(KOSOADO)

    away from both speaker and listeners.

    (a)

    (do)

    (are)

    (dore)

    that over there

    which

    (ano)

    (dono)

    that over there

    which of three or more

    (asoko)

    (doko)

    over there

    where

    (anna)

    (donna)

    like that

    how / what / like

    (acchi)

    (docchi)

    Over there

    where

    (achira)

    (dochira)

    Over there

    where

    (aa)

    (dou)

    Like that (over there)

    Which way

    (anoyouni)

    (donoyouni)

    That way (over there)

    How (which way)

    desu
    desucorrespondsto"is"asintheexamplesentencesbelow
    korewahondesu
    otenkigawaruiidesu
    watashi-nootosanwafunanorideshita

    thisisabook
    theweatherisbad
    myfatherwasasailor

    Noticethepasttenseslippedintothelastsentence.Desuisn'tusedinalltenseslikemost"normal"verbsbutcanbeusedasbelow
    desu - to be
    Present
    Past
    Probable

    Plain
    Polite
    Plain
    Polite
    Plain
    Polite

    Positive
    da
    desu
    datta
    deshita
    dar
    desh

    desuisalsoknownastheCopula

    aru
    arumeansisorexistsforthelocationofinaminateobjects
    okanegaarimasuka?
    shinbunwa,teberuniarimasu
    aru - is, exists
    Present
    Past
    Probable

    haveyougotanymoney?
    thenewspaperisonthetable
    Plain
    Polite
    Plain
    Polite
    Plain
    Polite

    Positive
    aru
    arimasu
    atta
    arimashita
    arudar
    arudesh

    iru
    irumeansisorexistsforthelocationofpeopleoranimals
    nekowadokoniimasuka?
    kinowaLondonniimashitaka?
    iru - is, exists
    Present
    Past

    whereisthecat?
    WereyouinLondonyesterday?
    Plain
    Polite
    Plain
    Polite

    Positive
    iru
    imasu
    itta
    imashita

    Probable

    Plain
    Polite

    irudar
    irudesh

    Negative
    dewanai
    dewaarimasen
    dewanakatta
    dewaarimasendeshita
    dewanaidar
    dewanaidesh

    Negative
    nai
    arimasen
    nakatta
    arimasendeshita
    naidar
    naidesh

    Negative
    inai
    imasen
    inakatta
    imasendeshita

    inaidar
    inaidesh

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