CHUYN

Mng li

VNGO - FLEGT
QU 4/2016

THC THI LM LUT - QUN TR RNG - THNG MI LM SN (FLEGT)

TRONG CHUYN NY

nh: SRD

02

Bo m tnh hp php cho g rng

trng ti cp h gia nh: cn c nhng
sa i v chnh sch v thc hin

Nng cao nng lc h tr php l ca cn

b kim lm c s - cha kha gip ci
thin vic tun th php lut ca cc c
s ch bin g h gia nh

11

20
Cp giy chng nhn quyn S dng t
trong bi cnh Thc hin VPA - FLEGT

26

Gii quyt nhu cu g gia dng v ci un

ngy cng tng ca cng ng sng gn
rng trc nhng thay i v chnh sch
Lm Nghip Vit Nam

Gii quyt nhu cu g gia dng v ci un

ngy cng tng ca cng ng sng gn
rng trc nhng thay i v chnh sch
Lm Nghip Vit Nam

32

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

NH XUT BN HNG C

nh: SRD

BO M TNH HP PHP CHO G

RNG TRNG TI CP H GIA NH:
CN C NHNG SA I V
CHNH SCH V THC HIN
Nguyn Th Cng, Nguyn Quang Tn

THNG IP

CHNH
B nng nghip v pht trin nng thn a ra quy nh nhm theo di, gim st
tr lng khai thc g rng trng v m bo c s php l hp php cho g lu
thng trn th trng. Tuy nhin trn thc t phn ln nhm h ang tham gia trng
rng v khai thc g khng tun th cc quy nh ny bi thiu nng lc thc hin,
cc quy nh cn nhiu bt cp dn ti cc nh hng tiu cc c ny sinh. Vy nn
nh nc cn c nhng sa i v chnh sch nhm gim st, theo di cht ch khi
lng g rng trng sau khai thc ca cc h gia nh c m bo tnh hp php,
to iu kin cho cc h tham gia tin trnh VPA/FLEGT.

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

GII THIU

Vit Nam ang bc vo giai on chun b kt

thc hin cc quy nh ny. Hin trng ny l mt

thc m phn tin ti k kt hip nh VPA/

thch thc cho cng tc qun l ca cc c quan

FLEGT vi lin minh Chu u, v nhiu kh nng

chc nng nhm m bo tnh hp php ca g

chng ch FLEGT s c p dng vo nm 2018.

lu thng ra th trng v ngun thu ngn sch

c th thc hin hip nh ny th nh nc

t thu v ph ca cc a phng (ni ang p

cng cn phi m bo g c khai thc t hn

dng thu thu qua tr lng khai thc g).

1,8 triu ha rng trng trn phm vi ton quc

ang c cc h gia nh v cng ng qun l
(BNN&PTNT, 2016) phi tun th cc quy nh
m bo cho tnh hp php ca g.

Bn tin ny cp n kt qu nghin cu ca
VNGO-FLEGT, trong ch ra nhng vn tun
th quy nh v lp bng d kin sn phm cp
h gia nh trng rng v khai thc rng, cng

Cho ti nay, nh nc c cc quy nh v

cc bt cp trong vic thc hin chnh sch lin

hng dn cho cc h dn trng rng v khai thc

quan n cng tc qun l, thc thi lm lut ca

rng thc hin nhm m bo tnh hp php ca

nh nc v c nng lc thc hin ca cc h

g rng trng. Tuy nhin, kho st hin trng

gia nh trn phm vi ton quc cn c ci

ca VNGO-FLEGT v tun th cc quy nh php

thin. Bn tin ch ra rng khi cc vn c nu

lut ca nhm h ti cc tnh Ha Bnh, Qung

ra khng c gii quyt s gy tr ngi rt ln

Ninh, Ngh An, Qung Bnh, Qung Nam, Kon

trong vic thc hin tin trnh thc thi VPA/FLEGT

Tum v Bnh nh (Xem hnh 1) t thng 5/2015

trong thi gian ti.

- 6/2016 cho thy hu ht cc h gia nh khng

CC H TRNG RNG CHA P

NG C CC QUY NH V K
KHAI TR LNG TRONG KHAI
THC G RNG TRNG
Lp bng d kin sn phm l mt th tc
ht sc quan trng trong h s khai thc
c cp c thm quyn ph duyt
khai thc v lm cn c cho vic theo di,
gim st v xc nhn ngun gc lm sn
khi lu thng (iu 9, Thng t 01/2012/
TT-BNNPTNT; iu 19, Thng t 35/2011/
TT-BNNPTNT), chi tit xem Hp 1 (Vo thi
im bn tin ny c xut bn (10/2016),
Hnh 1:
S cc
khu vc
nghin cu
(khu vc nh
du )

B NN&PTNT ban hnh Thng t

21/2016/TT-BNNPTNT thay th cho TT 35.
Tuy nhin, TT21 vn cha gii quyt hon
ton cc vn nu y xem chi tit
thm phn tho lun v Thng t 21 sau).

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

Hp 1: cc quy nh v khai thc g rng trng

Cc yu cu v khai thc g rng trng bng vn t u t hoc nh nc h tr c quy
nh trong Thng t 35/2011/TT-BNNPTNT, Thng t 01/2012/TT-BNNPTNT v c a
vo Ph lc 5: H thng m bo tnh hp php ca g (TLAS) ca Hip nh VPA.
Cc yu cu trong khai thc g rng trng m cc h gia nh phi p ng bao gm:
- Cc giy t chng minh quyn s dng rng, quyn s dng t.
- Vn bn chp nhn bn cam kt bo v mi trng do h hoc t vn iu kin lp ca
UBND huyn hoc UBND x i vi quy m d n khai thc di 200 ha.
- Bn ng k khai thc do ch rng lp, UBND x ph duyt.
- Bng d kin sn phm khai thc do ch rng lp.
- C bng k lm sn do ch rng hoc ch g lp (n v khai thc) lp v xc nhn bi Kim
lm v chnh quyn a phng.

Kt qu kho st trn 365 h trng rng

s h khng lp v 8,91 s h khng thc

v khai thc g ti 7 tnh cho thy, phn

hin mt cch thng xuyn (Hnh 2). Hin

ln nhm h ny khng tun th cc quy

tng ny ph bin ti tt c cc a bn

nh ca php lut. C ti hn 56% s h

c nghin cu, tuy nhin mc tun

khng lp h s khai thc, trong lin

th l c s khc bit mt s a phng.

quan n th tc ngay t ban u cho lp

C th ti Ha Bnh t l h thc hin lp

h s khai thc g ch c 34,91% s h lp

bng k lm sn l 86%, Bnh nh li ch

bng d kin sn phm khai thc, 56,18%

c 27,50%.

Bng k lm sn
Bn d kin sn phm khai thc
Bn ng k khai thc

37.99
34.91

62.01
8.91

56.18

0.35

56.18

43.46

Giy t php l v quyn s dng rng trng

68.51

5.89

25.60

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 605 70% 80% 90% 100%
C

Khi c khi khng

Khng
Hnh 2: T l h
p ng theo quy
nh trong khai
thc g rng trng

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

Rt nhiu h dn
ng Giang
trng keo thun
loi trn t lm
nghip c giao
(nh: Th Thng)

NNG LC P NG YU CU LP
BNG D KIN SN PHM CA
CC H GIA NH TRNG RNG V
KHAI THC G CN YU
Phn ln cc h gia nh trng rng l
ng bo dn tc thiu s (chim 54,58%
tng s h kho st), trnh hc vn
thp v ch yu l bc tiu hc v trung
hc c s (chim 63% tng s h kho
st) xem hnh 3, h khng nng lc
t mnh tm hiu v nm r c y
cc quy nh, th tc trong cc vn bn
php lut ca Vit Nam.

lng khai thc (im 1, iu 4 v iu 5

TT01; im 2 v 3, iu 19 TT35). G rng
trng c cc h khai thc ch yu c
kch c nh (ng knh <20cm), mt
trng rng cao (mt > 2.000 cy/ha),
lp a rng trng chia ct v phc tp,
vic o m lp bng k lm sn v
xc nh khi lng khai thc l rt kh.
Chnh v vy, hu ht h dn khng t
thc hin c vic o m ny v khi
bt buc phi thc hin th h ch c th
c lng mt cch thiu c s tnh ton
cho tr lng m phi k khai vo bng,
hon thin h s xin khai thc hoc

Mt khc, theo quy nh v lp bng d

n UBND x nh cn b hon thin h

kin sn phm khai thc v xc nh khi

s cho xong (Xem hp 2).

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

14.00%

Trnh hc vn

Trung hc v trn Trung hc

17.43%
Dn tc
36.29%
Tiu hc v THCS

kinh
Khc

26.86%

Khng bit ch

4.57%
0.86%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

Phn trm
Hnh 3: Trnh hc
vn v thnh phn
dn tc h trng rng
v khai thc rng

Hiu bit ca cc h i vi quy nh ca

nh nc v khai thc g cn cha tt, c
ti hn 50% s h khng bit hoc bit

Hp 2: Bng d kin sn phm khai thc

khng c thc hin

khng r rng n h s khai thc cn phi

Ti x ng Lm, tt c cc h dn trng rng v

thc hin nh th no, cng tc qun l v

khai thc g trong x khng t lp bng d kin sn

thc hin di a phng ca cc cn b

phm khai thc, khi h cn lm th tc khai thc th

nh nc cha ng trch nhim. Cng tc

tuyn truyn nng cao hiu bit ca ngi
dn v vn ny cha thc s thng
xuyn, vy ch c 26,42% s h tham
gia hot ng ny, tp hun lin quan khc
c thc hin rt t ch 6,29 %, c bit
cc ni dung tuyn truyn v VPA/FLEGT
hu nh cha c trin khai (Xem hnh 3).

ch cn mang GCNQSD ti UBND x c h

tr lm th tc, khi cn b ph trch lm nghip
x s gip hon thin cc th tc theo h s yu cu
nh bng d kin sn phm, n xin khai thc m
khng thc hin xc minh ti hin trng. Cc h
nhn h s ny v ng thu theo khi lng khai
thc c ghi theo h s (phng vn cn b x
ng Lm, tnh Qung Ninh).
Khi cn khai thc th ch cn mang s (GCNQSD)

Vi nhng thch thc c cp

n UBND x h lm h s cho, sau ri ng tin

trn ang l nhng ro cn qu ln cc

cho k ton x l v khai thc g. Khi vn chuyn

h c th thc hin c cc quy nh hin

g ch cn mang giy t ny i, nu gp kim lm

nay ca nh nc v p ng c cc i

th xut trnh, cn khng th gi li i chuyn

hi kht khe hn khi cc quy nh c lin

khc hoc cho ngi khc mn lm th tc vn

quan ca VPA/FLEGT i hi cn c p
ng.
Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

chuyn (phng vn ngi dn x ng Lm, tnh

Qung Ninh).

Cc lin quan khc

6.29

Cc quy nh v VPA/FLEGT

0.57

Cc quy nh v QLBVPTR

33.52

Cc quy nh v vn chuyn mua bn g

10.86

Cc quy nh v trng rng v khai thc g

26.42
0

20

40

60

80

100

Hnh 4: T l h
tham gia tp hun

QUY NH MI VN CN C NHNG
BT CP
Thng t 35/2011/ TT-BNNPTNT v thng
t 01/2012/TT-BNNPTNT c ban hnh
vi mc tiu nhm kim sot g cht ch
ngun gc g, to thun li khi lu

cho thng t 35/2011/ TT-BNNPTNT. Mt

trong nhng im mi ca TT21 l khng
cn yu cu v lp bng d kin khai thc
nh trong iu 19 ca TT 35. Tuy nhin, ti
khon b, mc 1 trong iu 6 ca thng t
21 v khai thc chnh, tn dng, tn thu

thng ra th trng trong nc v quc t

Khng nhiu h dn
ng Giang trng cy
g ln trn t lm
nghip c giao
(nh: Th Thng)

v c a vo vo Ph lc 5-H thng
m bo tnh hp php ca g (TLAS) ca
Hip nh VPA m Vit Nam ang m
phn. Tuy nhin khi p dng vo thc t
cho cc h gia nh trng rng v khai thc
g bc l nhiu bt cp, trong th
tc lp bng d kin sn phm cha ph
hp vi nng lc thc hin ca h gia nh
( c cp trn), khin ngi trng
rng v khai thc g gp kh khn trong
vic p ng cc yu cu v xin php v k
khai trong khai thc g rng trng (im
1, iu 4 v iu 5 TT01; iu 19 v iu
20 TT35).
Thng 6/2016, B NN&PTNT ban hnh
Thng t 21/2016/TT-BNNPTNT thay th

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

lu thng. iu ny l thiu c s bi tr

Hp 3: Yu cu mi v th tc trc
khai thc

lng g sau khai thc lun c s sai khc

iu 6. Khai thc chnh, tn dng, tn thu g

Ngoi ra, cn mt s ni dung c th gy

rng trng trong rng sn xut, rng phng h

kh khn cho cc c quan chc nng ti

1. Khai thc chnh, tn dng, tn thu g rng

a phng trong cng tc qun l v thc

trng l rng sn xut

hin. C th l cha thng nht v c s

b) Trc khi khai thc, tn dng, tn thu g bo

co bng vn bn vi cp thm quyn bit v
a danh, khi lng g khai thc tng hp
bo co, theo di, gim st trong qu trnh thc
hin v xc nhn ngun gc g khi lu thng
tiu th, c th:
Ch rng l t chc, gi bng k lm sn n
Ht Kim lm s ti hoc Chi cc Kim lm (ni
khng c Ht kim lm).
Ch rng l h gia nh, c nhn, cng ng
dn c, gi bng k lm sn n y ban nhn

rt ln vi con s d kin trc khai thc.

khc bit gia Thng t 21 v thng t 01

v mu s 01 bng k lm sn ca Thng t
01 vi ph lc 02 bng k lm sn khai thc
ca Thng t 21 theo di theo a danh,
loi cy v ng knh.

NHNG NH HNG TIU CC

KHI CC H GIA NH KHNG LP
BNG D KIN SN PHM HAY LP
BNG KHNG NG VI THC T
Trong trng hp cc h gia nh khng

dn cp x.

lp bng d kin sn phm hay lp bng

g rng trng c quy nh trc khi khai
thc Ch rng l h gia nh, c nhn,
cng ng dn c, gi bng k lm sn
n y ban nhn dn cp x xem chi tit
hp 3.

cho cng tc theo di, gim st khi lng

khai thc g rng trng. Vi hn 50% s
h khng lp bng d kin sn phm, bn
cnh y s h cn li k khai s lng khai
thc d kin khng ng vi thc t

iu ny c hiu l ngay c khi khng

cn yu cu lp bn d kin khai thc, ch
rng h gia nh, c nhn, cng ng dn
c vn phi gi bng k lm sn n UBND
x trc khi khai thc. Nh vy, vn lp
bng k trc khai thc nh tho lun
trn vn cha c gii quyt hon ton
trong thng t mi.

phn nh mt hin trng qun l km hiu

qu ca c quan chc nng trong vic gim
st vn ny, v cng l vn bo ng
v mc tun th ca h gia nh cn c
cc gii php nhm ci thin (Xem hp 4).
H qu l, mt khi lng g ln c
khai thc m cha c k khai t nhm
i tng ny ang tham gia vo chui

Hn th na, cng theo khon b, mc 1,

iu 6, Thng t 21 tip tc cn c vo tr
lng g bo co trc khai thc lm
c s cho cc c quan chc nng theo di,
gim st v xc nhn ngun gc lm sn khi
Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

khng ng vi thc t ang l tr ngi ln

cung ng vi vai tr g bt hp php m

khng c theo di, gim st bi cc c
quan chc nng. y s l mt thch thc
ln cho Vit Nam tham gia tin trnh VPA/
FLEGT khi phi p ng y cc quy

nh nhm m bo tnh hp php ca g

hp ny l rt ln bi khi lng g khng

khi xut sang Chu u.

c k khai vn cha kim sot c, c

Mt khc, mt s tnh (Qung Ninh, Ha

Bnh v mt s a phng khc) khi p dng
thu thu s dng t cho mc ch trng
rng theo khi lng g c khai thc sau
mi chu k kinh doanh (27.000ng/1m3)
c cn c theo bng d kin sn phm,
th r rng vic tht thu thu trong trng

th ring trong trng hp huyn Ba Ch,

tnh Qung Ninh c ti 17.247 m3 g khng
c k khai v t nht 465.000.000 ng
tin thu/ph s dng t trng rng
nm 2015 a phng ny b tht thu, nu
xt trn phm vi ton tnh hay ton quc th
con s s cn ln hn rt nhiu.

Hp 4: Khi lng g khai thc cn chnh lch qu ln so vi tr lng

thc t
Theo con s thng k ti cc h trng rng ti huyn Ba Ch, tnh Qung Ninh ca Chi cc
thng k Ba Ch th tng khi lng m cc h trng rng khai thc g c 24,573 m3,
nhng theo s liu thng k t Ht kim lm Ba Ch th tr lng khai thc g rng trng ca
i tng ny qua bng k lm sn l 7.326 m3 (bng 29,8% khi lng thc t) trong nm
2015. Nh vy nu thng k con s tht thot lng g rng trng trn ton quc th s lng
g khng c k khai v ang tham gia vo chui cung ng g l mt con s khng h nh
v thc s l rt ng lo ngi.

Kt lun v mt s kin ngh

Tho lun trong chuyn ch ra rng nng lc thc hin ca cc h gia
nh trng rng v khai thc g cha p ng c th tc lp bng d
kin sn phm khai thc ca Thng t 35 trc y. Thng t 21 mi
c ban hnh song vn cn bt cp l nhng thch thc cho vic theo
di, gim st tr lng g rng trng v m bo tnh hp php ca g
khi lu thng ra th trng cng nh vic thu thu s dng t ti mt s
a phng. Nhm m bo tnh hp php ca g v quyn li cho ngi
trng rng, chng ti xut mt s gii php nhm tng cng thc thi
hiu qu quy nh trn, ng thi gp phn thc hin thnh cng sng
kin FLEGT ti Vit Nam. Trong thi gian trc mt khi cha th thay
i cc quy nh hin hnh, vic tun th cc quy nh php lut s cht
ch hn theo yu cu ca VPA. Cc kin ngh a ra l:
1. Tng cng nng cao nng lc thc hin v quy nh lp bng d kin
sn phm:

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

- Hng dn thc hin cc th tc v quy nh phi c thng bo v

pht ti liu hng dn n cc ch rng.
- Tp hun nng cao nng lc v nhn thc cho ngi dn a phng
v cc yu cu cn c thc hin khi tun th quy nh ny, khng hn
ch cc phng php cng nh cch thc thc hin m cn phi m
bo cc h c k nng thc hin trong thc t.
- Cung cp thng tin v tin trnh thc hin VPA/FLEGT nh mt c hi
nh hng chin lc pht trin trng rng.
2. Tng cng vic gim st v thc thi php lut:
- H s khai thc cn b xung bin bn kim tra xc minh ca kim lm/
cn b lm nghip c bit l bn d kin sn phm khai thc ca ch
rng trc khi khai thc. Thm th tc ny m bo khi lng k khai
s c chnh xc hn, trnh trn thu v thc hin th tc c
quy nh.
- Phi kt hp gia c quan qun l lm nghip, chnh quyn a phng
trong vic kim tra, gim st v h tr ngi dn a phng mt cch
thun tin trong vic lm cc th tc trong trng rng, khai thc v vn
chuyn.
V lu di, cn c nhng cn nhc iu chnh cc quy nh
thun li hn cho vic thc thi i vi c quan nh nc v qu
trnh thc hin ca cc h gia nh. Cc xut a ra l:
1. iu chnh Thng t 21 (khon b, mc 1, iu 6) bng cch loi b
bng k lm sn khi yu cu bo co trc khai thc v a bng k lm
sn sau khai thc lm c s theo di, gim st tr lng g c khai
thc v thu thu s dng t.
2. Thng nht cc quy nh v mu s 01 bng k lm sn trong Thng t 01 vi ph
lc 02 bng k lm sn khai thc trong Thng t 21 hoc cn c nhng gii thch ph
hp khi bt buc phi p dng hai th tc ny.

Ti liu tham kho

Nguyn Th Cng v Bi Thanh Hng, 2016. Bo co nh gi kh nng tun th g hp php i vi
cp h gia nh ti Vit Nam. VNGO-FLEGT.

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

10

Mt xng ch bin
g cp h gia nh
huyn i Lc
(nh: Th Thng)

NNG CAO NNG LC H TR PHP L CA

CN B KIM LM C S - CHA KHA GIP
CI THIN VIC TUN TH PHP LUT CA CC
C S CH BIN G H GIA NH
V Th Thng, Nguyn Thanh Hin, Nguyn Quang Tn

THNG IP

CHNH

Trong khi ngnh kim lm c giao nhim v tuyn

truyn, qun l v gim st cc c s ch bin g h gia
nh m bo g a vo s ch, ch bin l hp php,
kt qu kho st ti hin trng cho thy nng lc h tr

php l cho cc c s ch bin g h gia nh ca cc cn b kim lm cp c s cn

hn ch. iu ny to k h g bt hp php lu thng trn th trng. hn
ch g bt hp php c a vo cc c s ch bin g h gia nh nhm p ng
quy nh ca VPA/FLEGT, cn ch trng hn na cng tc nng cao nng lc h tr
php l cho cc cn b thc thi lm lut cp cp c s.

11

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

GII THIU

Vit Nam v Lin minh chu u (EU) d kin ph chun v k Hip nh i tc t nguyn
(VPA) v thc thi lm lut, qun tr rng v thng mi lm sn (FLEGT) vo nm 2017 v d
kin cp php FLEGT vo nm 2018 Hai trong cc yu t quan trng ca Hip nh l nh
ngha v g Hp php (TLD) v H thng m bo Tnh hp php ca G (TLAS). Sau khi hip
nh ny c k kt v c hiu lc TLD v TLAS s c p dng trn c nc. Cho d cc c
s ch bin g h gia nh khng trc tip tham gia vo chui cung ng cc sn phm xut
khu sang chu u, nhng cc c s ny cng s phi tun th cc quy nh ny.
C nhiu bn lin quan n hot ng ca cc c s ch bin g h gia nh, trong lc lng
kim lm c vai tr chnh trong hng dn v gim st m bo g c cc c s a
vo s ch, ch bin l g hp php (Thng t 01/2012/BNNPTNT). Da trn kt qu kho st
trn 350 c s ch bin g h gia nh 7 tnh Ha Bnh, Qung Ninh, Ngh An, Qung Bnh,
Qung Nam, Kon Tum, Bnh nh do mng li VNGO-FLEGT thc hin trong thi gian 20152016, bi vit ny ch ra rng nng lc h tr php l ca cc cn b kim lm cp c s cn
hn ch l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn dn n tnh trng hu ht cc c s ch bin g h
gia nh cha tun th y cc quy nh v g hp php. V vy, khi cn b kim lm cp
c s c tng cng nng lc h tr php l cho cc c s ch bin g h gia nh cng s
gp phn gim tnh trng g bt hp php lu thng trn th trng, p ng c quy nh
ca VPA/FLEGT.

C S CH BIN G H GIA NH
VA NH VA PHN TN

chui cung ng g trn th trng ni a

Hin nay, Vit Nam c khong gn mi

350 c s ch bin g h gia nh c

ngn c s ch bin g quy m h gia

kho st, hu ht cc xng ch bin c

nh (ng k hot ng di hnh thc h

xy dng lun ti gia nh v phn b ri

kinh doanh theo Ngh nh 43/2010/NCP,

rc c th gn rng hoc ni tp trung dn

khng c con du v khng c m s thu,

c. Nhng c s c t 2-5 lao ng th ch

s dng khng qu 10 lao ng). Cc c s

c s l ngun nhn lc chnh, ch thu

ny ch yu thc hin cc hot ng nh

thm 2-3 lao ng bn ngoi. Nhng c s

x/bc g trn thnh g bn thnh phm,

c quy m 6-10 lao ng th ch c s ch

ch bin g thnh dm g lm nguyn liu

qun l chung, tm kim nguyn liu u

giy, ch bin g thnh cc loi vn thanh,

vo v bn sn phm u ra. Gn 60% cc

vn nhn to, ch bin/gia cng mt s

ch c s ch bin g h gia nh c trnh

g gia dng phc v nhu cu ti ch

hc vn cp tiu hc hoc trung hc c

ca ngi dn. Nh vy, cc c s ch bin

s (Xem hnh 1). Trn 65% cc ch c s ch

g h gia nh cng l mt thnh t trong

bin trong tui 41 tr ln. (Xem hnh 2).

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

12

v xut khu ra nc ngoi.

Trung hc v trn Trung hc

Tiu hc v THCS

khng bit ch

0.60%
38.99%
3.57%
Dn tc
kinh
Khc

54.76%
1.19%
0.89%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Phn trm

Hnh 1: Trnh
hc vn ca cc
ch c s ch bin
h gia nh

Phn cp tui

Phn trm

50
40
30
42.43%

20
10

25.22%

27.00%

5.34%

Hnh 2: tui ca
cc ch c s ch
bin h gia nh
php l

<30

31-40

41-50

>50

G c s ch, ch bin ti cc c s

mung, xoan ta.

ch bin h gia nh bao gm thuc cc

Cc c s ch bin g phn b ri rc khp

nhm g rng t nhin (13,7%), rng trng

cc x trong huyn ch khng tp chung

(73,3%), v cy phn tn (13,0%). i b

mt hai x trong mt huyn, ng i li

phn lng g rng trng c ch bin

t trung tm huyn ti cc c s ny kh

l keo. G t nhin l cc g nhp khu

khn, c bit l cc a phng vng cao.

c th theo thi quen s dng tng vng

V d: ton huyn ng Giang (tnh Qung

min (lim, gii, hng) hoc g thanh l v

Nam) c 11 x v 35 c s ch bin g th

mt s g tn thu sau nng ry t c gi

c 35 c s ny phn b u khp 11 x

tr. G t cy phn tn ch yu l mt, nhn,

trong huyn.

13

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

ng. G c a vo
ch bin ti c s ch
bin g h gia l hp
php khi ch c s ch
bin: i) lp s theo di
nhp, xut lm sn; ii) c
bng k lm sn do ch
g lp; iii) c ha n
bn hng.
Thc t kho st 7 tnh
cho thy phn ln cc
c s ch bin g h
gia nh cha tun th
c cc quy nh v
g hp php theo quy
nh ca VPA/FLEGT. i
vi nhng quy nh lin
quan n giy t php l
khi kinh doanh (hnh 3),
kt qu kho st cho thy
khong 73,2% c giy
ng k kinh doanh, hu
ht cc c s c quy m
qu nh hoc hot ng
khng

thng

xuyn

khng c giy ng k
kinh doanh; 77% khng

BO NG TNH TRNG CC C
S CH BIN G H GIA NH
CHA P NG QUY NH V G
HP PHP

p ng cc quy nh m bo an ton lao

Theo nh ngha v g hp php (TLD), mt

h s ngun gc g cng thp (hnh 4).

c s ch bin g h gia nh c coi l

i vi loi g cn c giy xc nhn du

hp php khi: i) C giy chng nhn ng

ba kim lm, ch 12,1% p ng c; g

k h kinh doanh; ii) C vn bn chp nhn

cn lp bng k lm sn ch c 33,9% p

bn cam kt bo v mi trng; iii) m

ng c v cng khng thng xuyn. Vi

bo cc quy nh v phng chy, cha chy;

nhm g t nhin cn c ha n gi tr gia

iv) m bo cng tc an ton - v sinh lao

tng ch c 36,2% l c ha n..

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

14

ng v phng chy cha chy, khong

38,1% c s theo di xut nhp lm sn
S h tun th cc quy nh lin quan n

80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
S theo di xut
nhp lm sn

Ni quy ATL

Ni quy PCCC

ng k hay GPKD

Hnh 3: T l cc c s
Hnh 3: T l cc c s ch bin
ch bin h gia nh
h gia nh c giy t php l
c giy t php l

40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Bin bn xc nhn
ng ba KL

Bng k lm sn

Ha n GTGT

Hnh 4: T l cc c s
Hnh 4: T l cc c s ch bin h gia nh
ch bin h gia nh
c h s ngun gc g
c h s ngun gc g

THC TRNG CNG TC H TR

PHP L CHO C S CH BIN G
H GIA NH

hp c t chc cho khong 50-70 ngi

Mt trong nhng l do cho tnh trng cc

bn php lut ca nh nc c s dng

c s ch bin h gia nh cn cha p

ng cc yu cu ca php lut l cng tc
h tr php l ca cn b kim lm c s
vn cn nhiu im bt cp. Ht Kim Lm
cp huyn l c quan nh nc trc tip
gi vai tr h tr php l (bao gm tuyn
truyn, ph bin, hng dn v gim st)
m bo g a vo s ch, ch bin
trong cc c s ch bin g (trong c

tham gia gm c h trng rng, h khai

thc, h ch bin v h dn khng c rng.
Ti liu truyn truyn thng l cc vn
nguyn vn cn b tuyn truyn c v
pht cho ngi dn. Trong nhiu trng
hp trnh nhng li gii thch chi tit
cho cu hi ca dn, li gii thch c a
ra l nh nc quy nh vy. Vi cch lm
nh trn trong khi ch cc c s ch bin
g hu ht c trnh hc vn thp v ln
tui nn khng th tip thu c nhiu.

cc c s cp h gia nh) l g hp php.

Ngoi ra, mt s ni dung truyn thng

Tuy nhin, vic tuyn truyn, ph bin php

s ch bin g h gia nh. Cc ni dung

lut cho cc h ch bin g h gia nh

cha thc s hiu qu (Xem hp 1). Theo
nh gi ti 7 tnh, cng tc tuyn truyn,
ph bin php lut c ht kim lm thc
hin mt ln mt nm ti cc a phng
c din tch rng, phn ln l lng ghp
vo cc cuc hp thn. Ni dung tuyn
truyn tp trung vo kin thc/quy nh v
trng rng, phng chng chy rng, khai
thc, vn chuyn, ch bin g. Cc cuc

khng p ng c mong i ca c
tuyn truyn thng tp trung vo cng tc
phng chng chy rng, cng tc trng v
bo v rng, trong khi ni dung hng dn
cch thc thc hin p ng c cc
quy nh ca lut php v g hp php m
cc c s ch bin g h gia nh cn th li
khng c trong cc ni dung tuyn truyn.
Do vy, cc c s ch bin g cng khng
hiu c nhng quy nh lin quan n
g hp php.

15

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

Hot ng gim st cc c s ch bin g

Hp 1: Hiu qu t cc bui tuyn

truyn thp
Ging nh nhng h ch bin g khc, 42
tui, hc ht lp 8, h ng NVT c 7 nm
lm ngh s ch g ti huyn ng Giang,
Qung Nam. ng NVT l ngi tnh Nam
nh di c vo sng ti huyn ng Giang t
nm 2009. ng NVT c xng khong 200
m2, hng nm s dng khong 7-10 m3 g.

h gia nh tun th cc quy nh g hp

php cn hn ch (xem hp 2). Hng nm,
cn b kim lm t chc 1-2 t gim st
nh k, hoc ch i gim st vo nhng
t cao im, khi c ch th t cp trn a
xung. nh gi 7 tnh cho thy hu ht
cng ch gim st ti cc cng ty ch bin
g c quy m ln hoc cc h ch bin
gn tr s ht kim lm, thun li trong

ng NVT cho rng thc s ng khng hiu r

vic i li. Khi i gim st, cn b kim lm

c nh th no l g hp php mc d ng

thng ch xem xt c cc loi g rng t

cng c tham gia cc bui hp tuyn truyn,

nhin no ang sn xut m cha ng ba

ph bin t cn b ht kim lm ng Giang.

hn l tuyn truyn, gio dc v hng dn

cch thc thc hin m bo g nhp

Cng tc t vn php l cho cc c

s ch bin g h gia nh cng cha
c quan tm ng mc. Hng
nm, cc cn b thanh tra-php ch
ca Ht kim lm huyn tip nhn
hng trm n th lin quan n cc
khiu ni, t co v vi phm lm lut
v yu cu hng dn thc hin cc
quy nh g hp php t cc ch c
s ch bin g h gia nh. Phn ln
cn b thanh tra-php ch ch tp
trung vo x l cc v vi phm lm
lut v b qua nhng n th yu cu
hng dn tun th quy nh v g
hp php. Ht kim lm cng thit
lp cc ng dy nng thng
tin lin lc nhng ch yu l phc v
cho hot ng nhn bo tin v cc v
khai thc lm sn tri php l chnh,
thng thiu nhng gii p khi c
cc thc mc v nhng quy nh lin
quan n quy nh g hp php t
cc c s ch bin g h gia nh.

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

16

vo c s l hp php. iu ny cng lm
nh hay khng quan tm n cc quy nh

Hp 2: Ba nm khng ghi vo s theo

di nhp xut lm sn

php lut.

H gia nh ng TKP i Lc, Qung Nam

cho cc ch h ch bin g c tm l xem

V SAO NNG LC H TR PHP L

CHO CC C S CH BIN G H
GIA NH CA CN B KIM LM
C S CN HN CH

sn xut mc hn 5 nm. Quan st thy s

Nhng m t trn cho thy nng lc h

khng ghi xut th ng TKP phn hi l khng bit

tr php l ca kim lm c s cn thiu

c quy nh vic phi ghi xut lm sn. V nguyn

v yu l mt nguyn nhn quan trng dn

nhn 03 nm va qua khng ghi vo s th ng

n tnh trng nhn thc v vic tun th

TKP cho l khng thy cn b kim lm i kim

quy nh v g hp php ca cc c s ch
bin g l h gia nh cn thp. iu ny
c th hin nh sau:

theo di nhp/xut lm sn ca ng TKP ch ghi

cc thng tin v nhp lm sn trong 02 nm,
trong 3 nm gn y th hu nh khng c dng
ch no. Khi dc hi v l do h ch ghi nhp m

tra my, hoc nu c h cng ch n xem g ri

b i. Do vy, 3 nm gn y ng TKP khng cn
quan tm n vic ghi chp vo s sch.

S lng cn b t, khng p ng khi

lng cng vic. Ti cc huyn c din tch
rng ln, mi b phn thanh tra-php ch
c bin ch t 3-4 ngi trong khi s
lng cc h trng rng cng nh h ch
bin g li phn tn ri rc nhiu ni nh
tnh Qung Nam bnh qun c n 10 x/
huyn. Do vy vic tuyn truyn, ph bin
kin thc php lut thng c lng ghp
vo cc cuc hp thn.
Mc khc, a bn i li kh trc tr nn
cn b kim lm thng c tm l kt hp
ph bin nhiu ni dung cng mt lc. y
cng l mt nguyn nhn c bn dn n
vic h tr php l thc thi lm lut ca cn
b kim lm ch tp trung vo cc cng ty
hay nhng h s ch bin phn b gn
th trn.
Ngoi ra, cn b thanh tra php ch cng
thng xuyn tham gia vo cng tc x
l cc v khai thc g tri php, c nhng

17

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

trng hp vic hon thin th tc php l

Trang thit b phc v cng tc h tr php

tn gn 1 thng nn h khng dnh nhiu

l ca cn b kim lm cn thiu. tuyn

thi gian cho cc nhim v v tuyn truyn,

truyn v ph bin cc thng t, vn bn

ph bin hay gim st thc thi php lut

hay ngh nh php lut n vi cc h s

mt cch y .

ch bin g th c nhiu hnh thc tuyn

Bn cnh s lng cn b t nh hng

n nng lc h tr php l th cht lng
cn b kim lm cng l mt vn cn
xem xt. Cn b kim lm phn ln tt
nghip trung cp hay i hc, tuy vy h
rt thiu k nng truyn thng v phng
php c s tham gia. C rt t cn b ht
kim lm tng c tham gia cc kha
tp hun v k nng v phng php truyn
thng c s tham gia, theo kt qu nghin
cu th ch c cn b kim lm huyn
ng Giang (Qung Nam) v huyn Honh
B (Qung Ninh) c tham gia tp
hun truyn thng. V vy, khi tuyn truyn,
ph bin hu ht h ch c vn bn cho
ngi nghe v thiu s tng tc gia h
vi ngi nghe. Hnh thc tuyn truyn,
ph bin cng kh n iu v nhm chn,
thiu s tham gia tch cc ca ngi dn.

truyn, ph bin khng ch n thun l

cc cuc hp. Nu ch hp v c cho dn
nghe th h s khng r v khng hiu ht
cc yu cu cn thit. Cc vn bn, thng
t th rt di v kh nhiu ni dung nn cn
phi c thm cc cng c h tr cho tuyn
truyn nh pano, p phch, s tay hng
dn. iu ny s a dng ha c hnh
thc tuyn truyn, ph bin, cng s l
mt gii php tt tng cng kh nng
thc thi php lut ca h s ch bin g.
Qua trao i vi cc cn b kim lm c
s th hin cha c ti liu hng dn cc
c s ch bin g h gia nh thc thi cc
quy nh v g hp php pht cho cc
ch c s, cng nh cn b kim lm c s
cng cha c s tay hng dn, h tr cc
c s ch bin g p ng cc quy nh g
hp php.
Hu ht ch c s ch
bin g h gia nh c
trinh vn ha hn
ch nn cn p dng
phng php truyn
thng c s tham gia
mi m bo h hiu,
tin v lm theo
(nh: Th Thng)

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

18

Kt lun v Kin ngh

Cc c s ch bin g h gia nh cng m bo ngun sinh k cho mt b phn ngi dn
cc a phng c bit l vng nng thn min ni v cng l mt thnh t trong chui
cung ng g. Nhng trong qu trnh qun l v vn hnh, nhiu c s ch bin g h gia
nh khng tun th quy trnh truy xut ngun gc g, khng m bo an ton lao ng v
khng tun th cc quy nh v phng chy, cha chy, khng c ha n thu GTGT cho
sn phm bn ra. Cc c s ch bin g h gia nh cha th p ng cc yu cu quy nh
trong VPA/FLEGT. C nhiu nguyn nhn dn n s thiu tun th ny nhng s hn ch
v nng lc h tr php l ca cc cn b kim lm cp c s l nguyn nhn c bn dn n
tnh trng trn.
cc c s ch bin g h gia nh p ng c cc yu cu quy nh trong VPA/FLEGT
chng ti xut mt s gii php v chnh sch v thc thi nh sau:
1. V chnh sch, cn ban hnh quy nh v vic thc hin gim st thc thi tnh hp php
ca g ca cc c s ch bin g a phng i vi cn b kim lm c s, xem y l mt
tiu ch quan trng trong nh gi cn b hng nm.
2. V thc thi, cn b kim lm nn phi hp vi UBND x thng xuyn gim st cc
c s ch bin g h gia nh trong vic ghi s theo di xut nhp lm sn, phng chy cha
chy, an ton lao ng. Nu cc h s ch, ch bin ny cha p ng c quy nh v ngun
gc g hp php th cn p dng nghim khc x pht hnh chnh theo quy nh ca php
lut (Ngh nh 157/2013/N-CP)
3. Cn o to nng cao v k nng truyn thng v phng php c s tham gia, c bit
l v ch tnh hp php ca g v truy xut ngun gc g, an ton lao ng, phng chy
cha chy cho cn b phng thanh tra-php ch ca cc ht kim lm. Mt khi cc cn b
ny c o to th cn m bo h lm vic ti phng thanh tra-php ch mt khong thi
gian t nht 5 nm.
4 . Bin son s tay hng dn, h tr cc c s ch bin g p ng cc quy nh g hp php
dnh cho cn b kim lm c s v giao cho cc cn b thanh tra-php ch s dng khi i
truyn thng.
5. Bin son s tay hng dn nhng c s ch bin g h gia nh thc thi cc quy nh v
g hp php pht cho cc ch c s. Nhng ti liu ny phi n gin, d hiu v ph hp
vi trnh ca cc ch c s ch bin cp h gia nh cng nh ngi lao ng lm vic
trong cc c s ny.

Ti liu tham kho

Nguyn Th Cng v Bi Thanh Hng, 2016. Bo co nh gi hin trng ban u v tun th
nh ngha g hp php cp h gia nh ti Vit Nam, VNGO-FLEGT.
T Xun Phc, Nguyn Tn Quyn, Hunh Vn Hnh, Trn L Huy v Cao Th Cm, 2015. Bo co
thng mi g v sn phm g Vit Nam-EU, Forest Trends.
ng Vit Quang, Quch Hng Nhung, Phm c Thing, Nguyn Thanh Tng, v Cao Th Cm,
2013. Bo co Xng X G H Gia nh Trong Bi Cnh FLEGT-VPA, Forest Trends.

19

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

CP GIY CHNG NHN QUYN

S DNG T TRONG BI CNH
THC HIN VPA / FLEGT
Phan Trng Tr, Nguyn Thnh Nhm, Nguyn Quang Tn

THNG IP

CHNH

Giy chng nhn quyn s dng (GCNQSD) t lm

nghip l iu kin c bn xc nh g khai thc t rng
trng c ngun gc hp php. Hin nay cn nhiu h gia
nh cha c cp giy GCNQSD t. Mt nguyn nhn

c bn l tnh trng o c lp h s giao t trn bn v thc a c nhiu sai

khc, dn n vic s c cp nhng khng th giao cho ngi dn. V vy cn
thit phi r sot li cc din tch b sai lch sm bn giao GCNQSD t cho cc h trng rng.

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

20

GII THIU

Hip nh i tc t nguyn v thc thi Lm

lut, qun tr rng v thng mi lm sn
(VPA/FLEGT) ang c m phn m
bo g v sn phm g t Vit Nam xut
sang Chu u c ngun gc hp php. Mt
trong nhng ni dung quan trng ca Hip
nh ny l H thng m bo g hp php
(TLAS) vi nh ngha g hp php (LD)
c xy dng da trn nhng vn bn
chnh sch ca Vit Nam. Trong , g rng
phi c khai thc trn t hp php l
mt yu cu u tin trong chui cung ng
g. iu c th hin thng qua vic
cc h trng rng phi c mt trong cc loi
giy t khng nh quyn s dng t c
quy nh trong cc vn bn php lut lin quan.
Bi vit ny tp trung vo vic tnh trng

Hnh 1: S khu vc
nghin cu (c du )

chm cp GCNQSD t da trn kt qu

kho st ti 7 tnh Qung Ninh, Ha Bnh,

gii quyt c vn ny, cn c nhng

Ngh An, Qung Bnh, Qung Nam, Kon

gii php r sot, o c nhng din tch

Tum v Bnh nh (Hnh 1) do mng li

b sai lch cp li GCNQSD t cho ngi

VNGO FLEGT thc hin nm 2015-2016

dn, c bit trong bi cnh Vit Nam tham

v cc thng tin, s liu t nghin cu khc.

gia VPA/ FLEGT.

Mt h dn
huyn ng
Giang bn
din tch rng
trng cha c
GCNQSD
(nh ; Trng Tr)

21

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

% s h trng rng c GCNQSD t

% s h trng rng c GCNQSD t
100.0%
74.0%

80.0%

81.0%

72.0%
47.5%

Hnh 2. T l
cc h c
cp GCNQSD
t cc tnh
nghin cu

Hp 1: Chnh quyn a phng

khng th bn giao GCNQSD t cho
ngi dn
Nm 2010, tnh Qung Nam tin hnh r
sot v cp GCNQSD t cho cc h gia nh.

23.6%

Trong , huyn i Lc tin hnh o c

Q.
Ninh

Ha
Bnh

Ngh
An

Q.
Bnh

Q.
nam

Bnh
nh

Kon
Tum

VN CN NHIU DIN TCH T

LM NGHIP GIAO NHNG
CHA C CP GCNQSD T
Theo kt qu nghin cu ca Mng li
VNGO-FLEGT nm 2015-2016, t l cp
GCNQSD t lm nghip cho cc h gia
nh 7 tnh vn cn tng i thp.
Ch 68,41% h c kho st c cp
GCNQSD t cho ton b din tch, 12,17%
h c cp GCNQSD t cho mt phn

gn 14.000 ha t lm nghip m ngi dn

ang s dng. n nm 2012, mc d UBND
huyn ra quyt nh giao t v cp GCNQSD
t cho cc h gia nh nhng n nay, ch
c hn 3.000 ha c bn giao GCNQSD t.
Nguyn nhn chnh l do khi tin hnh o c,
n v t vn thc hin khng c s tham gia
ca cc c quan a phng, c bit l cc
ch rng. iu ny dn ti vic sai khc
din tch, v tr gia h s giao v thc t,
chng ln din tch gia cc ch rng. Do ,
chnh quyn a phng lo ngi nu bn giao
GCNQSD t cho ngi dn th d dn n
tranh chp.

din tch c giao v c 19,42% h cha

c cp GCNQSD t lm nghip
(Hnh 2). Trong , Qung Nam v Bnh

- Vic thc hin o c cp GCNQSD t

nh l 2 tnh c kt qu cp GCNQSD t

ch yu do n v t vn thc hin v thiu

cho cc h thp di 50%.

s tham gia ca cc h gia nh trong tin

Mt trong nhng nguyn nhn dn ti tnh

trng ny l do vic o c lp h s giao
t trn bn v thc a sai khc nhau
qu nhiu, ph bin l sai khc v din tch,
ranh gii v chng ln din tch gia cc
ch rng. iu ny dn ti vic khng th
giao GCNQSD t cho ngi dn mc d
c UBND cp huyn k, ng du ban
hnh (Xem hp 1).

trnh thc hin giao t lm nghip ti cc

a phng, c bit l trong qu trnh
khoanh v trn thc a. V vy, cc sai st
v din tch, v tr, mc khng c pht
hin v khc phc kp thi. Nguyn nhn
ca tnh trng ny l do cc h gia nh
thiu thng tin v chnh sch, li ch ca
vic c cp GCNQSD t nn khng b
tr thi gian tham gia. Ngoi ra, vic thiu
kin thc, nng lc nhn bit, phn bit

Nguyn nhn su xa ca vic o c lp h

thnh qu giao t trn h s, bn vi

s giao t trn bn v thc a sai khc

thc a cng l nhng hn ch khin h

nhau qu nhiu c th hin qua cc kha

khng tham gia y trong tin trnh

cnh, l:

khoanh v hin trng.

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

22

- Thc thi qun l nh nc v t chc giao

t cp giy GCNQSD t lm nghip cp
huyn, cp x cn nhiu tn ti, bt cp. Theo
quy nh, quy trnh y ca vic giao t
giao rng (GGR) gm 7 bc (theo quy
nh Thng t 38/2007 v Thng t lin
tch 07/2011/TTLT-BNNPTNT-BTNMT). Tuy
nhin, khi thc ti mt s a phng khc

Hp 2: Thiu mt s inh mc trong

vn bn php quy
Chng ti da vo quyt nh 112/2008/QBNN xy dng d ton iu tra, o c
nhng trong quyt nh ny cn thiu mt
s nh mc nh l nh mc v thm nh,
nghim thu, bn giao nn chng ti mn nh

xa so vi tin trnh c quy nh trong

mc ca ngnh xy dng s dng trong qu

chnh sch, nhiu bc b b qua hoc thc

trnh GGR

hin mt cch hnh thc. Nguyn nhn dn

Ngun: FORLAND, 2013

ti tnh trng ny l do nh mc kinh t,

k thut v giao t cp GCNQSD t cn
p dng tnh bnh qun cho cc tnh, thiu
c th ha cho cc huyn c iu kin a
hnh, kinh t x hi khc nhau; thiu kinh
ph cp cho vic giao t, cp GCNQSD t
lm nghip.
Trng hp tnh Qung Nam, cac hoat
ng giao t giao rng (GGR) s dung
ban inh mc kinh t ky thut ban hanh
theo quyt inh s 112/2008/Q-BNN v
vic ban hnh nh mc kinh t - k thut
giao rng, cho thu rng, cp giy chng
nhn quyn s dng t cho mc ch lm
nghip gn vi vic lp h s qun l rng.

Bng nh mc ny cn thiu nh mc
cho nhng cng vic cn thit sau: cng
tac truyn thng; thm nh v ph duyt
phng n giao rng; nghim thu v bn
giao trn thc a; trch o bn a chnh.

H GIA NH D GP BT LI KHI
MUA BN G NU KHNG C
GCNQSD T
GCNQSD t l c s xc nh g c
ngun gc hp php. iu ny c
quy nh r trong cc vn bn php lut
lin quan v trong Ph lc nh ngha g
hp php (Hp 3).

Hp 3: Quy nh g hp php lin quan n GCNQSD t

Ph lc nh ngha g hp php (LD) 6.3:
Tiu ch 3, Nguyn tc 1 khai thc g rng trng hp php do ch rng t u t th cc HG
phi c GCNQSD t hoc c cc loi giy t lin quan khng nh quyn s dng t ca mnh.
Thng t 21/2016/BNNPTNT:
Khon 1, iu 3: Tiu ch rng a vo khai thc chnh v tn dng, tn thu g v lm sn ngoi
g: Din tch rng c c quan Nh nc c thm quyn cho thu, giao qun l, s dng theo
quy nh ca php lut...
Ph lc 3: Giy ngh cp php khai thc phi da vo din tch rng c giao theo GCNQSD t
s...ngy...thng...nm (hoc theo Quyt nh giao, cho thu t, rng s...ngy ... thng... nm...)

23

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

Theo kt qu nghin cu, ch c di 40%

FLEGT c thc hin trong thi gian ti l

cc h tun th cc yu cu khi khai thc

tip cn th trng. C th l, khi hip nh

g rng trng (Hnh 3). Trong , vic xc

VPA/FLEGT c thc hin, cc yu cu v

nhn bng ng k khai thc v Bng d

g hp php cng c thc hin cht ch

kin sn phm khai thc phi da trn c s

hn th vic cc doanh nghip ch bin g

GCNQSD t ca cc h gia nh c

qun l cht ngun nguyn liu u vo

cp. Do , khi cc h cha c GCNQSD

c th s xy ra. Khi , cc h khng c

t th thng b qua bc xc nhn ny

GCNQSD t s kh bn g hn so vi cc

v vn tin hnh khai thc g. Ri ro ln

h c y cc loi giy t hp php.

nht cho cc h gia nh khi Hip nh VPA/

36.17%

35.79%

31.91%

Bng ng k
khai thc

Bng d kin sn
phm khai thc

Bng k lm sn

Hnh 3. T l cc h
tun th quy nh
v khai thc g
rng trng

Ngoi ra, cn mt s ri ro lin quan khc nh:

- Chi ph v gi c. Gi ca g ca cc h cha c GCNQSD c th s thp hn nhiu
so vi g c GCNQSD t.
- Ti sn v sinh k. Thu nhp ca gia nh khng c GCNQSD t t trng rng s gim
do gi g thp hn so vi g hp php.
- Tip cn sn phm v dch v. Cc h gia nh khng s hu GCNQSD t s gp kh
khn trong vic tip cn ngun vn v cc chng trnh khuyn lm, pht trin rng.

nh: Th Thng

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

24

Kt lun v Kin ngh

GCNQSD t l iu kin c bn xc nh g c ngun gc hp php cho cc
h trng rng. Hin nay cn kh nhiu h trng rng cha c cp GCNQSD
t. Mt nguyn nhn c bn l do vic o c lp h s giao t trn bn v
thc a sai khc nhau qu nhiu dn n chm tr trong vic cp GCNQSD
t. iu ny s gy kh khn cho cc h trng rng p ng c yu cu g
hp php khi thc hin VPA / FLEGT.
khc phc c iu ny, cn thc hin mt s nhm gii php sau y:
- Tin hnh r sot, chnh sa cc trng hp sai khc din tch, ranh gii
GCNQSD t giao cho ngi dn.
- Trong tng lai, khi thc hin GGR cn m bo s tham gia ca cc bn
lin quan, c bit l ngi dn xc nh din tch, ranh gii, ngun gc t
m ngi dn ang s dng hn ch tranh chp khi bn giao GCNQSD t.
- m bo nh mc kinh t, k thut v giao t cp GCNQSD t ph hp vi
iu kin c th ca cc a phng.
- Xy dng v thc hin c ch gim st, nh gi hiu qu, chnh sch ng
vin thc hin giao t, cp giy chng nhn.
- m bo kinh ph cp cho vic giao t, cp giy chng nhn QSD t lm
nghip.

Ti liu tham kho

Mng li t rng FORLAND (2013) Thc trng giao t giao rng theo Thng t 38/2007/TTBNNPTNT v Thng t lin tch 07/2011/TTLT-BNNPTNT-BTNMT mt s tnh min Trung
Nguyn Th Cng v Bi Thanh Hng,2016. Bo co nh gi kh nng tun th g hp php i vi
cp h gia nh ti Vit Nam, VNGO - FLEGT.
Phan Triu Giang, Trn Nam Thng, Dng Th Lin, Nguyn Kim Trng v L Vn Trng, 2015. nh gi
tc ng ca hip nh i tc t nguyn (VPA) ti sinh k ti Vit Nam. Mng li VNGO - FLEGT.
Phm Xun Phng, on Dim, L Khc Ci, L Hng Hnh, Trn Quang Bo, v Nguyn Quc Dng.
(2013) Bo co nh gi 10 nm thc hin Lut Bo v v Pht trin rng 2004. Tng Cc Lm Nghip
T Xun Phc, Trn Hu Ngh, 2014. Giao t giao rng trong bi cnh ti c cu ngnh lm nghip: C
hi v thch thc. Tropenbos International.
T Xun Phc, Trn Hu Ngh, 2014. GGR trong bi cnh ti c cu ngnh lm nghip: C hi v thch
thc.

25

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

THNG IP

CHNH

Hin

nay,

mc d vit
nam
tiu

chun

qun l rng bn vng nhng li thiu

hng dn thc hin c th, bao gm c
vic thit lp v s dng t trong hnh
lang ven sng sui rng trng. iu
ny tc ng ti cc ch rng trng thc
hin y tiu chun qun l rng bn
vng khi xin cp chng ch qun l rng
quc t tham gia vo chui cung ng
g hp php. Chnh v vy, cn c mt
chnh sch hay quy nh c th r rng
hng dn iu ny.

THIU HNG DN C
TH V S DNG T
HNH LANG VEN SNG,
SUI, CH RNG GP
KH KHN KHI TIP CN
CHNG CH QUN L
RNG BN VNG
Dng Th Lin, Nguyn Quang Tn

Mt trong nhng tiu chun qun l rng bn

GII THIU

vng m cc sng kin quc t yu cu l chnh

sch v hnh lang bo v sng sui. Cho n nay,

Trong xu th hi nhp quc t, lm nghip Vit

Vit Nam xy dng khung php l trong c

Nam ang tham gia nhiu sng kin v thc y

tiu chun QLRBV ph hp vi tiu chun qun

qun l rng bn vng (QLRBV), bao gm Tng

l rng bn vng ca quc t nh tiu chun FSC,

cng thc thi lm lut, qun tr rng v thng

PEFC, ITTO v.v.. Tuy nhin, vic p dng quy nh

mi lm sn (FLEGT), T chc quc t g nhit

ny trn thc t gp nhiu bt cp. Da trn cc

i (ITTO) hay chng ch t nguyn ca Hi ng

nh gi hin trng t Ph Th v H giang,

qun tr rng (FSC), Chng trnh cng nhn h

bn tin ny ch ra rng chnh sch hin nay cn

thng chng ch rng quc gia (PEFC) Cng vi

thiu quy nh c th hng dn thit lp v s

tin trnh ny l vic cn thit phi c mt h

dng t trong hnh lang ny, do dn n

thng khung php l ph hp vi cc tiu chun

kh khn ca ch rng trong tin trnh xin cp

yu cu ca quc t v qun l rng bn vng.

cc chng ch rng quc t.

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

26

Trng rng st sui (nh: V Nhm)

QUN L RNG BN VNG, TIU

CHUN NH GI QUN L RNG
CA QUC T V TRONG NC

i kh hu. Mt trong nhng nh ngha

c nht tr v s dng nhiu nht gia
cc quc gia v qun l rng bn vng ca
Din n Lin hp quc v rng (UNFF) l:

Rng bao ph gn mt phn ba tng din

Qun l rng bn vng l mt khi nim

tch t ca th gii. Rng c kh nng em

mi nhm mc ch duy tr v nng cao gi

li nhiu li ch v mi trng nh bo tn

tr kinh t, x hi v mi trng ca tt c

a dng sinh hc, hp th cc bon, bo v

cc loi rng, cho li ch hin ti v cc th

v chng li sa mc ha. Qun l rng bn

h tng lai. Hoc theo nh ngha ca T

vng c th tng cng cung cp g v cc

chc g nhit i quc t (ITTO) th Qun

lm sn ngoi g cho khong 1,6 t ngi

l rng bn vng l qu trnh qun l nhng

ang ph thuc vo rng. Cc h sinh thi

lm phn (khu rng) n nh nhm t c

rng cng ng mt vai tr quan trng vo

mt hoc nhiu mc tiu qun l c

vic gip ngi dn cc nc ang

ra mt cch r rng nh m bo sn

pht trin thch ng vi tc ng ca bin

xut lin tc nhng sn phm v dch v

27

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

xu i vi mi trng t nhin v x hi.

HNH LANG BO V VEN SNG SUI

MT TRONG NHNG YU CU QUC
T CNG NH TRONG NC CHO
QUN L RNG BN VNG

nh gi rng c qun l bn vng,

Mt trong cc tiu chun qun l rng bn

trn th gii c nhng tiu chun khc

vng m hin nay cc ch rng Vit nam

nhau c cc t chc nh FSC, PEFC, ITTO

ang p dng ph bin xin cp chng

ban hnh t nhng nm 1994. K t ti

ch rng quc t l tiu chun FSC. Trong

nay, c nhiu triu ha rng trn th gii

tiu chun ny c mt tiu chun v mi

c cp chng ch qun l rng bn vng

trng m FSC yu cu cc ch rng phi

theo cc tiu chun ny.

bo v hnh lang dc ngun nc v xung

rng m khng lm gim ng k nhng

gi tr di truyn v nng sut ca rng trong
tng lai v khng gy ra nhng tc ng

Vit Nam, chin lc pht trin lm

nghip 2006 -2020 xc nh Qun l, s
dng v pht trin rng bn vng l nn
tng cho pht trin lm nghip, qua
pht huy ti a tim nng ca ngnh nhm
gp phn ng gp vo nn kinh t quc

quanh ni cha nc vi mc ch l phng

trnh xi mn t bi lng sui, sng, h
bng nhng cy t nhin va bo v v a
dng sinh hc va thit lp ni c tr v
mi trng sng cho cc ng vt hoang
d v.v..

dn, ci thin i sng ngi dn vng

p ng yu cu ca cc Tiu chun

rng ni; bo tn a dng sinh hc v h

qun l rng quc t, Vit Nam ban hnh

sinh thi rng. Nhn thc r c iu ny

Thng t s 38/2014/TT-BNN&PTNT (ngy

nh nc v ang tng bc hon thin

3/11/2014) v Hng dn v phng n

khun kh th ch chnh sch v thc y

QLRBV, trong c a ra tiu chun

hot ng thc tin qun l rng c

QLRBV ph hp vi tiu chun quc t, bao

bn vng ha nhp vi th gii.

gm c ni dung v bo v hnh lang ven

sng, sui, h nc. (Xem hp 1)

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

28

Hp 1: Yu cu ca tiu chun quc t v p ng ca Vit Nam v bo v hnh

lang ven sui, sng
Yu cu ca tiu chun FSC:
Ch s 10.2.3 Cc vng m dc ngun nc v xung quanh ni cha nc phai c thit
lp theo quy nh v lut a phng hoc thc tin qun l tt nht ca vng. Cc vng
m ny c th hin trn bn .
Ch s 10.2.4 n v qun l rng bo v ni c tr v hnh lang cho cc ng vt hoang d
ni thch hp trn din tch rng trng vi s t vn ca cc chuyn gia.
Hng dn ca tiu chun Vit Nam (theo Thng t 38/2014/TT-BNNPTNT)
Ch s 10.2.3. Vng m ven sui v xung quanh cc h p phi thit lp theo quy nh ca
lut php v c th hin trn bn
Ch s 10.2.4. Thit lp ni c tr v hnh lang cho cc ng vt hoang d ti cc v tr thch
hp trn din tch rng trng;

Vic thit lp hnh lang ven sng sui

t trong hnh lang bo v. C Thng t

v lng h Vit Nam c quy nh

38 v Ngh nh 43 khng c hng dn c

ti Ngh nh 43/2015/N-CP (ban hnh

th trch nhim ca ch rng phi lm g

ngy 6/5/2015), trong quy nh c th

thit lp hnh lang ny v cc hot ng

khong cch ti thiu t mp nc cn

ch rng c th thc hin trong phm vi

phi bo v i vi tng loi mt nc

hnh lang bo v ngun nc. V d nh

(iu 9), cm mc hnh lang bo v (iu

ch rng c th trng rng hay phi

13), kinh ph cho cm mc hnh lang bo

ti sinh t nhin. Ch rng c th canh tc

v (iu 14) v yu cu i vi cc hot

nng nghip, chn th, thm ch khai thc

ng trong hnh lang bo v ngun nc

rng trong phm vi ny hay khng.

(iu 15)

Hai l, vi nhng hot ng c coi l

HN CH TRONG HNG DN QUN

L RNG BN VNG VIT NAM

khng ph hp (VD trng rng hoc xy

Mc d Thng t 38 v cc tiu chun qun

phm vi hnh lang trc khi c Thng t

l rng bn vng Vit Nam v Ngh nh

S 43/2015/N-CP v thit lp hnh lang

dng cc cng trnh c s h tng) trong

38 v Ngh nh 43 th x l th no. Ch
rng c b coi l vi phm nu gi nguyn

bo v ngun nc c ban hnh, cn

cc cng trnh ny hay khng.

mt s cc hn ch trong vic xc lp hnh

Bn cnh , cc vn bn ny cng khng

lang bo v ngun nc, sng, h trong

hng dn c th ngun kinh ph thit lp

rng trng.

thm thc vt trong hnh lang ny ly t

Mt l, khng c quy nh r vic s dng

u, t ch rng hay ca nh nc v.v...

29

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

Cng Ty Lm Nghip
Chim Ha, Tuyn Quang
(nh: V Nhm)

TC NG VI TIN TRNH CP
CHNG CH RNG CA CH RNG

Tuy nhin, trong qu xin cp chng ch

qun l rng quc t (v d nh theo tiu
chun FSC), cc ch rng trng, bao gm

Hin nay trn th gii nh M, chu u,

c cng ty lm nghip v cc h trng

c, Nht v mt s nc khc c

rng, thng vi phm yu cu v bo v

nhiu yu cu i vi cc nc xut khu

hnh lang sng sui, mt h nh quy nh

g v sn phm g vo th trng ca

ca FSC hay Thng t 38 nh trong hp

h nhm ngn chn vic khai thc g bt

1. L do chnh l rng ca h c thit

hp php. Mt trong nhng yu cu

lp trc khi c Thng t 38. V d nh

l i hi g phi hp php nh phi c

ti tnh Ph Th v H Giang (xem hp 2)

chng ch qun l rng nh ca t chc

cc ch rng khng vt qua nh gi

FSC hoc PEFC. Do vy, xut khu

khi t chc chng ch quc t n nh

sn phm g sang cc nc ny th cc

gi cp chng ch. H mc nhng

doanh nghip ch bin g c nhng khu

li v khng tun th tiu chun v

rng nguyn liu ca mnh phi c chng

sa li h phi b ra nhng khon chi ph

ch qun l rng.

khc phc trc khi c cp chng ch.

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

30

Hp 2: S khng tun th tiu chun FSC ca cng ty lm nghip v nhm h trng rng
Nm 2010 khi t chc chng ch rng quc t FSC vo nh gi Cng ty Lm nghip oan
Hng, tnh Ph Th. Cng ty ny b nh gi khng tun th tiu chun ca FSC do
trng rng sn xut trong hnh lang ven h p u ti st mp nc. Cng ty phi sa
ngay, c th l phi hnh lang rng 15 m v ch cy ti sinh t nhin v trng b sung
cy bn a, cm ct mc xi mng v cc bin bo v bo v, khng c khai thc cc cy
trong hnh lang h. Sau cng ty mi c cp chng ch rng.
Nm 2016 khi t chc chng ch rng quc t FSC vo nh gi Nhm h trng rng H
giang cp chng ch th cc h cng b nh gi khng tun th tiu chun ca FSC do
trng rng st mp sui, khng hnh lang bo v ngun nc. Cc h ny cng phi
khc phc nhng vi phm ny, c th l phi hnh lang ven sui, cy ti sinh t nhin,
khng c khai thc cy trong hnh lang v.v. th mi c cp chng ch.

Kt lun v xut chnh sch

Vit Nam hin nay c trn 500 doanh nghip ch bin g tham
gia chui cung ng g trn th gii c cp chng ch FSC, PEFC v
chui hnh trnh sn phm v ngun nguyn liu ca h phi c chng
ch qun l rng bn vng. Mc d Thng t 38 v cc tiu chun qun
l rng bn vng Vit Nam v Ngh nh S 43/2015/N-CP v thit
lp hnh lang bo v ngun nc c ban hnh nh do cn mt s
cc hn ch trong vic xc lp hnh lang bo v ngun nc, sng, h
trong rng trng nn ch rng kh thc hin y tiu chun v mi
trng ca tiu chun.
Do vy to iu kin thun li cho cc ch rng khi thc hin tiu
chun QLRBV v xin cp chng ch rng tham gia vo chui cung ng
g ra th gii trnh mc li ln v qun l hnh lang ven sui, ngnh
Lm nghip cn b sung cc quy nh c th hng dn thit lp v
s dng t trong hnh lang bo v sng, sui, h rng trng thc
hin cc tiu chun qun l rng quc t va y nhanh tc rng
c qun l bn vng trong nc p ng vi xu th hin nay v
ngun cung ng g hp php (VPA/FLEGT) cng nh hi nhp quc t.

31

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

GII QUYT NHU CU G GIA DNG V CI UN

NGY CNG TNG CA CNG NG SNG GN RNG TRC
NHNG THAY I V CHNH SCH LM NGHIP VIT NAM
Trnh Ngc Trng, Nguyn Quang Tn

Khai thc g cho mc ch gia dng v ci un l nhu cu

THNG IP

tt yu v ngy cng tng ca ngi dn sng gn rng.

CHNH

Vic thc hin cc nhu cu ny ang chu tc ng bi s

chng cho, cha r rng trong khung chnh sch cng

nh thc thi cc chnh sch lin quan dn n tnh trng mt s ni ngi dn khai
thc ln lt g v ci p ng nhu cu chnh ng ca mnh.
Chnh v th, trong qu trnh thc thi chnh sch lm nghip cn c cc gii php p
ng nhu cu g ci gia dng cho h gia nh v cng ng, m bo quyn hng
li cng bng thit thc ca ngi dn sng gn rng.

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

32

GII THIU
Khong 2/3 din tch
ca Vit Nam l i
ni. y l ni sinh
sng ca hn 24 triu
ng bo thuc 54
dn tc khc nhau,
c bit l cng ng
cc dn tc t ngi
m cuc sng ca
h lun gn b mt
thit vi t ai, ni
i, cy ci, v cc
sn phm ca rng.
Tri qua hng th
k, h pht trin
nhng tp qun cng
Hnh 1: S khu vc nghin cu

nh kin thc truyn

thng

trong

qun

La (Xem hnh 1), bi vit ny ch ra rng nhu

l ti nguyn rng.

cu s dng ca h gia nh v cng ng l

Ti nguyn rng

rt ln nhng cha c p ng mt cch

tr thnh mt phn

chnh ng trn thc t bi s chng cho,

khng th thiu trong cuc sng vn ha,

cha r rng trong khung chnh sch cng

kinh t ca h.

nh thc thi cc chnh sch lin quan.Trong

Hin nay, vic p ng cc nhu cu chnh

thi gian ti, tho g nhng kh khn

ng v lm sn ca ngi dn sng gn

cn c cc gii php p ng nhu cu g ci

rng ang gp kh khn. Da trn kt qu

gia dng cho h gia nh v cng ng,

nghin cu, nh gi nhu cu g gia dng

m bo quyn hng li cng bng thit

ti cc tnh Kon Tum, k Lk, Gia Lai v Sn

thc ca ngi dn sng gn rng.

NHU CU S DNG G GIA DNG

V CI CA NGI DN RT LN
V A DNG

nh kho; lm chung tri; dng hng ro;

ng dng gia nh nh t, bn, ging;
lm hm v ci un. Ty vo iu kin t
nhin, vn ha, truyn thng ca mi dn

Cc cng ng dn c sng gn rng c

tc, mi cng ng m h s dng g gia

nhu cu a dng v g v ci cho mc ch

dng di nhiu hnh thc khc nhau (Xem

gia nh. G gia dng phc v cho cc nhu

v d nhu cu s dng g ci mt s cng

cu thit yu nh: lm nh mi; sa nh; lm

ng vng Ty Nguyn ti hp 1)

33

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

Hp 1: Nhu cu s dng g v ci ca mt s cng ng dn tc ti Ty Nguyn

Ngi v MNng k Lk; X ng, Mnm, Gia Rai, Ba Na Gia Lai, Kon Tum c nh
truyn thng l nh sn nhng c kin trc cao thp khc nhau. Trong khi , bn trong cn
nh ca ngi , MNng thng c gh di (gh Kpan - di ty theo chiu di ca cn
nh) l th hin s giu c ca gia nh hay cn nh cng di th hin s chung sng ng
cc th h con chu trong cn nh.
Ngi dn tc Mnm sng trong iu kin ni cao, kh hu khc nghit, ma lnh quanh
nm nn nhu cu s dng ci un nu v si m vi s lng ln khong 46.7 Ster ci/
h/nm.
Mi h gia nh Mnm thng c 1 cn nh chnh khu dn c v 1 nh m (nh ry)
v kho la gn ni sn xut. Bn cnh , ngi Mnm cn c phong tc hng nm phi
c 2 ln lm chung nht tru v chung nht khng c trng vi v tr c nn mi ln
nh th h li phi khai thc cy.

Hot ng un nu v
tch tr ci trong nh
(nh: Ngc Trng)

Nhu cu v g v ci ca cc cng ng

gn rng v ph thuc trc tip n rng

ngi dn sng gn rng rt ln. Kt

hin nay th nhu cu g gia dng hng

qu nghin cu cho thy nhu cu g gia

nm s l con s rt ln: nu tnh mc

dng c tnh trung bnh l 1.7 m3 g/

thp nht l 0.4 m3 g th c nm l 1,6

h/ nm (dao ng t 0,4m3 ti 3m3) v

triu m3 g/ nm; mc trung bnh 1.7

ci l 29.7 ster/h/nm (dao ng t 12,6

m3 th c nm l 6,8 triu m3 g/nm v

ster ti 46,7 ster) (Xem chi tit bng 1).

nu mc cao nht 3 m3 th c nm l 12

Nu c tnh cho khong 24 triu dn

triu m3 g/nm, v ci un s l 118,8

(c tnh 4 triu h gia nh) ang sng

triu Ster ci/nm.

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

34

Kho cha la
ca ngi Mnm
(nh: Ngc Trng)

35

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

nh: Th Cng

QUY NH HIN HNH CA CHNH

SCH HNG LI G GIA DNG
V CI UN
Hin nay, khung php lut nh nc c
nhng quy nh v quyn hng li ca h
gia nh v cng ng (bao gm c cc h
c giao rng, khon rng v h khng
c giao/khon) nhm p ng nhng
nhu cu c bn ca h. Trong :

2004; Quyt nh s 178/2001/Q TTg

ngy 12/11/2001; Thng t s 21/2016/
TTBNNPTNT ngy 28/6/2016)
i vi h gia nh v c nhn nhn khon
qun l bo v rng phng h v rng sn
xut: h c khai thc cy g cht kh, cy
gy, cy su bnh, sn phm ta tha
hoc c khai thc g theo phng thc
cht chn vi cng khai thc khng

i vi h c giao rng s c hng

qu 20% khi rng c php khai thc (t

cc quyn: nh c khai thc, s dng lm

tiu chun khai thc) theo thit k do Bn

sn v cc li ch khc ca rng vo mc

giao khon lp; Gi tr lm sn khai thc

ch cng cng v gia dng cho thnh vin

sau khi np thu c phn chia: H gia

trong cng ng khi c nhu cu ch cn

nh, c nhn nhn khon c hng t

bo cho y ban nhn dn cp x xc nhn

1,5 - 3 % cho mi nm nhn khon bo v

v qun l (Lut bo v v pht trin rng

rng, phn cn li np Bn giao khon. S

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

36

Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn ph

ti iu 7 Quyt nh s 178 quy nh khi

duyt hoc trnh U ban nhn dn tnh ph

khai thc g rng t nhin phc v nhu cu

duyt v cp giy php khai thc (Lut bo

gia dng, h gia nh, c nhn phi lm n

v v pht trin rng 2004; Quyt nh s

gi UBND x xc nhn, trnh UBND huyn

178/2001/Q TTg ngy 12/11/2001).

xt duyt, cp php khai thc.

i vi h gia nh, c nhn, cng ng dn

Tip n, iu 5 (mc a, khon 2) ca

c sng gn cc khu rng sn xut l rng

Thng t 21/2016/TT-BNNPTNT quy nh

t nhin c khai thc g ci gia dng khi

v khai g cng vt qu trnh ca cng

c nhu cu ch cn bo cho y ban nhn

ng v h gia nh. C th l ngi dn

dn cp x xc nhn v qun l (Quyt nh

phi a ra nhu cu khi lng g khng

s 186/2006/Q-TTg ngy 14/8/2006).

qu 10 m3, sau phi nh s th t, lp

Ngoi ra, Lut bo v v pht trin rng

2004 cng quy nh cc ch rng khi lp
quy hoch bo v v pht trin rng phi

bng k cy khai thc, ri gi bng k v

UBND x tng hp gi ln UBND huyn
ph duyt.

da trn hin trng v d bo nhu cu v

Hn na, cc n v ch rng nh Khu bo

kh nng s dng rng, t trng rng

tn thin nhin, Ban qun l rng phng

ca t chc, h gia nh v c nhn (khon

h, ang thc hin chc nng qun l rng

1, 2, iu 14).

ca mnh theo quy nh ca nh nc

NHNG TR NGI KHI TNH N

NHU CU G GIA DNG V CI
UN CA NGI DN

khng c trch nhim bo v rng to ra

Khung php lut quy nh v vic s

dng g gia dng v ci cho ngi dn,
nhng trn thc tin cn nhiu bt cp xy
ra khi thc hin nhng quy nh ny dn
n vic ngi dn vn cha c s dng
mt cch hp php g gia dng cng nh
ci un hng ngy. Trc ht, cha c s
thng nht v thm quyn ph duyt khai
thc g gia dng ca h gia nh ti Quyt
nh 186/2006/Q-TTg (Quy ch qun l
rng) v Quyt nh s 178/2001/Q-TTg

g gia dng v ci un cho ngi dn. Mt

khc, mt s h gia nh li dng ly g
lm nh g ri sau mua bn trc li
khi g ngy cng khan him (Theo Quyt
nh 59 ca B NN-PTNT ban hnh ngy
10/10/2005, i vi nh c, hng mc hon
chnh th kim lm khng c kim tra ha
n. Khi ngi dn c nhu cu bn, ch cn
c xc nhn ca x v kim lm a bn). T
y trong qu trnh trin khai lp quy hoch
bo v v pht trin rng, cc ch rng
khng a nhu cu g gia dng ca h gia
nh v cng ng vo trong k hoch.

(chnh sch hng li). C th l Khon 5

Tng t, ci un cng c qui nh tn

iu 39, Q 186 quy nh h gia nh, c

dng t cnh cy kh, ng hoc trong

nhn, cng ng dn c thn c nhu cu

ta tha nhng ngun cung ny khng

khai thc g rng t nhin ch cn bo co

v khng bn so vi nhu cu ca h gia

cho UBND x xc nhn v qun l. Tuy nhin,

nh ngy cng cao. Trong khi , ngi

37

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

dn sng vng su, vng xa, gn rng, ph

qun l, ngi dn c hng dn th tc

thuc vo ti nguyn rng c cuc sng

xin php khai thc g gia dng, trong

kh khn, khng c tin mua sm

ghi r mc ch khai thc, s lng cy khai

bp ga, bp in thay th bp ci nn h

thc v v tr khai thc v gi n cho Ban

c tnh vo rng cht cy cht kh sau

qun l rng xc nhn.

vo ly lm ci.

tnh Qung Ngi, d n WB3 ca Ngn

CC M HNH QUN L RNG DA

VO CNG NG THNH CNG
Trong nhng nm va qua cc m hnh
qun l rng cng ng c thc hin
th im nhiu a phng. Trong , cc
nhu cu chnh ng ca ngi dn v g v
ci c tnh n, ng thi vn m bo
vic bo v v pht trin ti nguyn rng
a phng.

hng Th gii gip ngi dn xy dng

M hnh trng rng da vo cng ng.
Cc h gia nh tham gia d n c vay
vn trong thi gian 13 nm trng rng
theo cc m hnh rng nguyn liu giy
(Keo, Xoan); trng rng ly g bng cy bn
a nh cy Sao hoc cc m hnh nng lm
kt hp. Cc sn phm t rng trng c th
s dng p ng nhu cu g gia dng
ca dn v bn. Ngoi ra, cc sn phm t

Mt trong nhng m hnh l m hnh

ta tha hng nm cn cung cp ngun ci

qun l rng cng ng Bun Tul, Krng

un cho cc h dn, gip gim sc p ln

Bng, k Lk vi s h tr k thut ca t

ti nguyn rng t nhin.

chc GIZ (CHLB c). Trong qu trnh quy

hoch s dng t v giao t giao rng,
ngi dn trong cng ng c tham
gia vo vic xc nh din tch rng c
giao v nh gi hin trng ti nguyn
rng. Sau , d n cng ngi dn nh
gi nhu cu g cho cng ng trong 5 nm
v tin hnh cn i kh nng cung cp cy
tng l rng. Da trn kt qu nh gi,
cng ng cng nhau lp k hoch qun l
bo v rng, trong xc nh s cy khai
thc s dng trong thn bun trong 5
nm.n thi k khai thc theo k hoch

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

38

Ti tnh in Bin, d n qun l bn

vng ti nguyn thin nhin vng Ty Bc
(SUSFORM NOW) do JICA h tr gip
gim p lc ln ti nguyn rng bng cch
h tr cho ngi dn xy dng bp un tit
kim ci v cp bp Lo ci tin tit kim
thi gian v gim p lc cht t vo rng.
Ngoi ra, d n cn xy dng h thng
Biogas s dng cht thi t chn nui
to cht t phc v cho un nu v thp
sng, gip tit kim thi gian v ci un.

 xut gii php cho nhu cu g gia dng v ci un ngy cng tng
Nhu cu g gia dng v ci un l mt trong cc nguyn nhn tc ng
vo qu trnh qun l rng bn vng. p ng cc nhu cu v g gia
dng cho ngi dn a phng, ng thi lm tt cng tc bo v v pht
trin ti nguyn rng ti cc a phng, cn tnh n nhng gii php
sau:
1/ Thc hin Quy hoch s dng t c vng trng rng nguyn liu,
to ra g hng ha, bn cy mua g cng nghip, ta tha c ci un.
2/ Thng nht v thm quyn ph duyt khai thc g gia dng ca h gia
nh ti Quyt nh 186/2006/Q-TTg (quy ch qun l rng) v Quyt
nh s 178/2001/Q-TTg (chnh sch hng li).
3/ n gin ha th tc xin php khai thc g gia dng cho h gia nh
nh: Ni dung n xin ch cn cho bit mc ch khai thc, lng cy
khai thc, kch thc, khu vc khai thc v c ngi gim st quy trnh
khai thc.
4/ Khuyn khch u t cc m hnh s dng vt liu gia dng thay th
g hoc ci tin cc bp un tit kim ci cho h gia nh v cng ng.

Ti liu tham kho

Bo Huy (2008), K hoch qun l rng cng ng bun Tul, Yang Mao, Krng Bng, k Lk. y ban
nhn dn huyn Krng Bng.
Bi Vn Hng (2012), Gii php cho s tham gia ca cng ng trong qun l rng ti Cng ty TNHHMTV
Lm nghip Krng Bng, k Lk. Lun vn Thc s, Trng i hc Ty Nguyn.
Cao Th L, (2011), D bo p lc s dng n ti nguyn rng v gii php qun l rng bo tn da
vo cng ng. Trng i hc Ty Nguyn
ng Thanh Lim v Nguyn Th Tin, (2014), Bo co k thut S sn sng thc thi REDD+ cp cng
ng x Hiu, huyn Kon Plng, tnh Kon Tum, FFI.
Nguyn Danh, Nguyn Vn V (2012), Kt qu nghin cu Tc ng ca hot ng sinh k ca cng
ng dn c vng m n ti nguyn rng vng quc gia Kon Ka Kinh, tnh Gia Lai;Lin hip hi khoa
hc k thut tnh Gia Lai v Trng Trung hc Lm nghip Ty Nguyn.

39

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

An pham c ho tr bi Lien minh Chau Au (EU) thong

qua to chc FERN.
SRD chu trach nhiem ve noi dung cua an pham va
trong moi trng hp an pham khong the hien quan
iem cua EU va FERN.
BAN BIEN TAP
Nguyen Quang Tan
Vu Th Bch Hp
Tran Ngoc Tue

IA

Trung tam Phat Trien Nong Thon Ben Vng (SRD)

2006 -2016

40

NM TH

Sustainable Rural Development

Mng li VNGO - FLEGT

10

LP *

* K N I

NH

Can bo mot so to chc tham gia VNGO - FLEGT

tham gia tap hun viet chuyen e chnh sach ca mng li
nm 2016 (Anh: Quang Tan)

H
I V S C

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