Eng 101

Capitalization, Apostrophe, Who/Whom,

Which/That

Capitalization

Capitalization

Names of specific people

Tucker, Lola, the Joneses
family, boy, girl, sister, cousin

*capitalize mom, dad, gram, etc. when

it replaces their name
Hi, Mom! Welcome home, Dad.
My father and my mother are busy.
Could your mom or dad drive us home
from the bar?

Capitalization
Days of the week, months, and
holidays, but not seasons
Monday, December, Passover,
Easter

autumn, fall, spring, winter, summer

Capitalization

Ranks and titles, but only when used right

before a particular persons name
This is Doctor Smith.This is Aunt Anne, and that
man is General Bradshaw.

That man is my doctor.That woman is my aunt,

and that man is a general in the army.
*the word president is only capitalized when it
comes before the presidents name
President Washington had wooden teeth.
Michelle is President Obamas wife.
The president, George Washington, had wooden
teeth.
Obama is the president.

Capitalization
geographic areas such as cities,
states, countries, counties, rivers,
oceans, streets, parks, etc.
North Dakota, Ohio River, Atlantic
Ocean

The ocean is deep.The mountains

are high.

Capitalization
regions of the United States but
not directions
I was born in the Midwest, but I grew
up in the North.

I live on the north side of the river.

I live in the Northside.

Capitalization

Historical periods

the Renaissance, World War II, the

Middle Ages, the Civil War
It was a long war. We live in an age
of computers.

Capitalization

religions, nationalities, races of

people

Christians, Jews, Asians

There are many churches, temples,

and mosques in our city, and they
are attended by people of different
races.

Capitalization

languages, countries, and adjectives related to

those countries

Denmark, Danish art, German exchange student

french fries, venetian blinds, brussels sprouts, roman
numerals
*Are roman numerals just used in Rome? Are french
fries unique to France? Dont use a cap unless
you need it!

Capitalization

various names for God and the

names of sacred books

God, Jehovah, Allah, Bible, Koran

There were many gods and
goddesses in ancient myths.

Capitalization

specific school courses but not

general subjects

Im taking Algebra 101 and History of

China.
Im taking algebra and history. I am
majoring in psychology.

Capitalization

names of specific schools, businesses,

buildings, organizations, brand names, etc.

Apple Computer, Phillips Middle School, the

University of Vermont
Chevrolet Camaro, Nintendo, Cheerios, Nestles
Crunch

I want a new computer. That building is a middle

school. I plan to attend a university.

Capitalization

first, last, and all important

words in titles of movies, books,
chapters, and articles
*ignore a, an, the, but, and, for, or,
nor, to, as, all prepositions
Harry Potter and the Sorcerers
Stone, Tar Heels Beat Duke 102
96, Diary of a Wimpy Kid

Apostrophe

Apostrophe
Only 2 uses
1. ownership
2. omission

Apostrophe - Ownership

Use possessive nouns to show that someone owns

something
That is the nose of Mary.
That is Marys nose.
Those are the toes of Gary.
Those are Garys toes.

Apostrophe - Ownership

Use posessive nouns to show that someone owns

something
Moses tablets
Achilles heel
Jesus parables or Jesuss parables

Apostrophe - Ownership

If 2 people own the same thing, use an apostrophe s

for only the second person
The marriage of Jim and Mimi
Jim and Mimis marriage
The father of Kate and Meg
Kate and Megs father

Apostrophe - Ownership

If 2 people do not own the same thing, use an

apostrophe s for both people
The toes of Jim and Mimi
Jims and Mimis toes
The teeth of Kate and Meg
Kates and Megs teeth

Apostrophe - Ownership

If the noun is already plural (boys) just add an

apostrophe
One boy and one car
The boys car
Two boys and two cars
The boys cars

Apostrophe - Omission

Use an apostrophe to indicate missing letters or

numbers
10 oclock
93
Lets
Its

Apostrophe
Both boys and girls are invited to try out for the
swim team.
Tomatos are for sale.
I grew up in the 1990s.
There are three 9s on this page.
The fashions of the 80s were strange.
Cindi Laupers 80s fashions were ridiculous.
The 1980s fashions can be seen in current styles.

Apostrophe - Omission

The rule about letters and apostrophes...

Mississippi is spelled with four ss, four Is, and two
ps.

Who VS Whom

Who vs. Whom

I love you.
Subject is the person doing something
I am performing the love; therefore I
am the subject

Object is having something done to

them
You are the object of my affection

Who vs. Whom

Use who when referring to the subject of a

clause
Who loves you?
I think it was Thomas Jefferson who was the
third president of the United States.
Use whom when referring to the object of
a clause
Whom do you love?
Mrs. Dimwit consulted an astrologer whom
she met in Seattle. (She met him in Seattle.)

Who vs. Whom

He/Him trick

Him and whom both end with the letter m

When trying to choose between who or
whom, ask if the answer to the question
would be he or him
Who (or whom) do you love?
Answer is I love him, so whom is correct
Who (or whom) broke his heart?
Answer is She broke his heart, so who is
correct

Who vs. Whom Practice

1. Joe is the chef (who/whom) cooked that fabulous stir
fry.
Who
2. (Who/Whom) is that for?
Whom
3. Joyce is the girl (who/whom) got the job.
Who
4. I decided to vote for (whoever/whomever) called me
first.
Whoever
5. Into the dark apartment walked David, (who/whom)
we nearly killed with surprise when everyone shouted
Happy Birthday and jumped from behind the
furniture.
Whom

Who vs. Whom Extra

Practice

www.chompchomp.com/hotpota
toes/wordchoice06.htm

Which vs. That

Diamonds, ____ are expensive, elicit
forgiveness.
Elephants are animals ___ possess very
long memories.
Which is a nonrestrictive clause. It isnt
needed to maintain the meaning of the
sentence.
That is a restrictive clause. It is needed to
maintain the meaning of the sentence.

For Wednesday 10/24

Rough drafts due
10/31 final copies due
10/31 narrative analysis mulligans due