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This concentrie-pipe heat exchanger is made of 2-inch and 5/4inch standard pipe and fittings, and is arranged in such a manner that liquid
flowing through the inner pipe can be heated by cither steam or hot water
flowing through the annular space in countercurrent direction . the assembly of
this apparatus is shown in figure 1.
Comments on desing
1.this unit is constructed to operate either as a steam heater or as a
conuntercurrent heat exchanger . with slight modifications it can be made to
operate in parallel flow .
2.loop P is provided to help keep the apparatus free of air , which otherwise
might interfere with proper manometer operation .
3.orifice meters O1 and O2 are installed in lines carrying heated water, the
temperature of which varies with the water-flow rate and the pressure of the
steam ; if the orifices are calibrated at one temperatura only , the calibration
might be expeeted to be somewhat in error at other temperatures . however ,
with a ratio of orifice to pipe diameters of 0.421 and th1 range of reynolds
number encountered in this apparatus ,this effect is negligible.
Operation.
Using steam in the outer jacket. Steam, introduced through valve V1 , enters
the annular space through line A-B . the condensate leaves the annular space
at C and passes to the drain through a line containing thermometer well T4
and V2 ,which is opened slightly to allow a small amount of steam to pass out
with the condensate .
Water , introduced through valve V3 , enters the inner pipe through line D-E
and passes either to the drain through valve V8 or to a weighing tank through
valve V7.
Valve V6 is used only to drain the apparatus ; it is kept clossed during the run.
Using warm water in outer jacket . the flow of water is divided at D , and the
rates of the two streams are regulated by adjusting valves V4 and V6 . the
water in the inner pipe follows the path previonsly described ; the water in the
annular space is first heated by being mixed with live steam at A.