APPLICATION NOTE ON NETWORK SYNCHORNISATION IN C-

DOT MAX-XL EXCHANGES

CONTENTS

1.0 Introduction
2.0 Requirements for synchronization
3.0 Network scenario
4.0 Man machine interface
5.0 Fault isolation strategy
6.0 Procedure for synchronization

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Network synchronization is the basic requirement at any node to transfer the data efficiently
and effectively.

In CDOT Max-XL exchanges the synchronization is done by feeding the reference clock as an
input to the NSC card. The NSC card receives the extracted 2.048 MHz clock from the DTS cards (or
from the media directly) and locks to this input using phase locked loop.

The NSC card is duplicated for redundancy and therefore any reference clock input has to be
fed to both the copies. The NSC card has the provision of three such reference inputs.

2.0 REQUIREMENTS FOR SYNCHRONIZATION

i) It is expected to have layer’2’ ( or stratum 2), 2.048MHz clock which is synchronized to
the PRC. The stability of this reference clock should be 1E-10/day (0.0001 PPM) and the
pull-in range of ±1E-08. The accuracy should be 1E-9 .
ii) The required number of cables from the reference clock source (either ADM equipment or
DTS card)

3.0 NETWORK SCENARIO

The media connectivity in the BSNL network is either through PDH or SDH media. The PDH
media is gradually being changed to SDH.

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Case 1) If the CDOT exchange is connected to the network on E1s derived from PDH media, then
the reference clock can be derived from the E1s (coming from the higher level tax exchange)
connected to the DTS card. If the DTS card is DTS495/F-S00, clock can be extracted directly,
however if DTS066/T-s04 cards are used, changes have to be done on the card as per annexure-1.

The reference cables have to be prepared as per the diagram shown in annexure-2 . The
No. of cables depend on the number of references (max-3) available.

The clock equipage and maintenance related commands given in section 4.0 shall be used to
connect the reference to the exchange.

Case 2) If the E1s to the CDOT exchange are dropped fom the ADM equipment used in the STM
ring, then the 2.048 MHz clock output from the ADM requirement can be directly given as input to the
NSC card.

Please note that the accuracy of the clock has to be as given in section 2.0 and since the
media is on ring there is no need to give more than one reference as inputs.

The details of the cable between the ADM equipment and the NSC card shall be prepared as
given in annexure-2.

The maintenance commands given in section 4.0 shall be used to equip and maintain the
reference clock.

Kindly ensure that the length of the cable does not exceed 15 meters.

4.0 Man machine interface

The following commands are used for equipage and maintenance of the reference clock in the CDOT
Max-XL exchange.

CRP command Usage

Mod-clksrc-eqpag To equip/unequip clock source
Dgn-nsc-clk To diagnose the reference clock connected to NSC
Frc-nsc-clk-oos To force out the NSC reference clock
Frc-nsc-clk-ins To force in the NSC reference clock
Put-Nsc-clk-oos To put out the NSC reference clock
Put-Nsc-clk-ins To put in the NSC reference clock in service

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Displ-crnt-clk-src To display the current status of all the reference clock sources

Note 1 : Since there are2 copies of NSC hence all these commands are with respect to the
NSC-0 or NSC-1 reference clocks
Note 2 : If the reference clock is selected the status will be “ins-active” and rest of the
reference inputs (if equipped and brought in service) should be “ins-to be”
Note 3 : There is a duplicate clock between the two copies of NSC card. Ideally if NSC copy is
active the duplicate clock of that copy will be in “ins-cold” status and the duplicate clock status for the
standby copy of NSC will be “ins-act”. If the status is not”ins-act” either the duplicate clock is missing
or the NSC O/P or I/P for the duplicate clock is faulty.

5.0 Fault isolation strategy

New Implementation on NSC

In 2_2_(7.7)_6 Software Release onwards, a new feature has been introduced as a tool
for the measurement of clock accuracy with respect to active copy.
Features:
• Swing Detection feature has been implemented for the Crystal Swing problem
in NSC card or Swing in the Reference Clock (explained in details later).
• Detection of Oscillator Power Supply failure of NSC card.
Crystal swing detection feature and fault isolation

The root cause of the problem is due to crystal oscillator which behaves abnormally
sometimes. Since NSC PLL tries to lock onto the reference clock, the output of VCO
is affected by the erratic behavior of the self clock of the crystal. However this may
also occur due to reference clock also in case the reference itself is bad.
Case I : No Reference Clock Equipped
The Architecture of CM-XL Clock distribution (without Reference Clock)

COPY 0 (ACT) COPY 1 (SBY)

Dup Clk
Clk O/P Clk O/P
C N N C
C S S C
O/P Clk to K C C K O/P Clk to
System i.e. System i.e.
IFCs/SWCs
Act. Sby. IFCs/SWCs
Fig.
Dup ClkH.1
Slf Clk
Slf Clk

If there is no Reference clock equipped (i.e. no network synchronization) then

the implementation of clock swing detection is as follows: -
For the detection of Crystal Swing the mandatory requirement is the
availability of two clocks. As per implementation, the NSC of Active copy of

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 SS plane feeds clock to system through IFCs and SWCs. Also the active NSC
feeds clock to standby copy of NSC as duplex clock so that the standby is in
synchronization with active for the smooth switchover from one copy to
another, however the duplex clock from standby NSC is not honored by
Active NSC.
Thus there are two clocks available for standby NSC (Self Clk & Dup Clk)
and only one clock (Self Clk) is available to active NSC. This means the
swing is always detected in standby copy of NSC.
If there is a swing in standby crystal, the Self Clock is disturbed with respect
to duplex Clock and the system reports crystal swing. Similarly if there is a
swing in active crystal the Duplex Clock is disturbed with respect to Self
Clock and the system reports crystal swing.
If a crystal swing is detected for 10 minutes, following report is displayed on
ood/printer:
Crystal Swing Detection Report
Unit Id : Clk 0 or 1*
Crystal Swing Detected
Change NSC card
* The Unit id will always be the number corresponding to
SBY copy of NSC.
In DISPL-OOD-LOG command, one new type of report option is
available i.e. Rep-type: mnsrep(204) which helps to view the
Crystal Swing Detection Report
On detection of this swing following possibilities exists.
POSSIBILITY 1 : One Card out of Active/Standby is Bad.
POSSIBILITY 2 : Both Cards in Active and Standby are Bad.
Procedure to isolate the Faulty Card : (Possibility 1)
STEP-1
a) Replace the standby card with a new good card.
b) Jack-in the same and warm-up for an hour.
c) Put the card in-service using PUT/FRC command after DGN.
There may be following Observations :-
OBSERVATION 1 : No swing detected after replacement and it remains ins-
sby
CONCLUSION : Standby card was bad.
OBSERVATION 2 : Swing detected again within 10 minutes after the
replacement of NSC card.
CONCLUSION : Active card may be bad.
In case of Observation 2, follow procedure given in step-2 below.

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 STEP-2
a) Force an SS interchange.
b) Active card will now become Stand-By.
c) Make standby copy OOS-OPR.
d) Replace the standby card with a new good NSC card.
e) Jack-in the same and warm-up for an hour.
f) Put the card in-service using PUT/FRC command.
OBSERVATION : No swing detected
CONCLUSION : 1) Previously active NSC card is bad.
2) Card removed from the system as Standby in
Step-1 may or may not be bad.

Procedure to Isolate the the faulty card : (Possibility 2)

STEP-3
Replace the Standby card with NSC card which was ins-sby in the system
initially and was removed in the Step-1.
Wait it for warm up time (approx. an hour)
Put the card in service
OBSERVATION 1: No swing detected
CONCLUSION : Initial card in standby copy is OK.
OBSERVATION 2 : Swing detected again.
CONCLUSION : Initial card in Standby copy is also bad. Replace the same
with a good card.
Take observation at least for a day or two.
Then put the Reference Clock in service. It has been observed that the system
stability improves if only one reference clock is equipped and the same
reference is given to both NSCs.
So it is recommended to equip only one Reference clock (Rclk0) and ideally
any reference clock that shows one fault/failure in a day should not be used.
Case II: Reference clock equipped
The Architecture of CM-XL Clock distribution (with Reference Clock)

COPY
(ACT) 0 Ref. Clk COPY
(SBY) 1
Ref. Clk

Dup Clk
Clk O/P
C Clk O/P N N C
C S S C
O/P Clk to
K C C K O/P Clk to
System i.e. Act. Fig. H.2 Sby. System i.e.
IFCs/SWCs IFCs/SWCs
Dup Clk
Slf. Clk
Slf. Clk

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 If there is a Reference clock equipped (i.e. Network synchronization has been
done) then the implementation of clock swing detection is as follows: -
As already told that for the detection of Crystal Swing the mandatory
requirement is the availability of two clocks. If the reference clock is
equipped then the Active NSC gets one clock as reference clock (Rclk) and
tries to lock with the reference clock, however the reference clock input to
standby is not honored. Rest of the procedure is same as explained in the case
of no reference clock equipped.
There are two clocks available for standby NSC (Self Clk & Dup Clk) and
also two clocks (Self Clk & Rclk) is available to active NSC. This mean the
swing is detected now in both the copies of NSCs.
If there is a swing in Reference Clock, the Self Clock disturbed with respect to
Reference Clock and the system reports crystal swing and vice-versa may
happen. Similarly if there is a swing in active crystal the Duplex Clock
disturbed with respect to Self Clock of Standby and the system reports crystal
swing and vice-versa may also happen.
Whenever there will be disturbance in the external clock, a swing will be
detected both by the active and standby NSC cards. Crystal swing Detection
U

Report will be displayed on OOD twice one due to Active copy and the second
due to standby.
Procedure to isolate the faulty card.
Whenever external clock is equipped and Crystal Swing Detection Report
comes on OOD, first remove the external clock and allow system to work on
the NSC card clock. Wait for a fresh Swing Detection Report on OOD. If no
swing is detected then the fault is in the Reference clock and if swing is
detected then the fault is in one of the NSC cards. Isolation of faulty NSC card
has already been explained.

6.0 PROCEDURE FOR SYNCHRONIZATION

i) Connect the reference clock cables as per source/distinction given in annexure 2

ii) Equip, diagnose and bring in service the reference clocks as per the section 4.0
commands

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ANNEXURE-1

The following changes have to be done in EPC DTS066/T-S04. These changes enable
the card for clock extraction from the E1 stream to DTS card:

Mount IC 26LS31 (2 Nos. ) on U104 and U113 with Pin no.1 towards the connector.
Do the following straps.
S1 Connect AC10 to U113/1 S12 Connect U104/7 to U113/15

S2 Connect U113/1 to U104/1 S13 Connect U113/15 to U113/9

S3 Connect U113/2 to Ba19 S14 Connect U113/9 to U113/8

S4 Connect U113/3 to Bc19 S15 Connect U113/8 to U113/7

S5 Connect U104/2 to Ba20 S16 Connect U113/7 to Aa1&Ac1

S6 Connect U104/3 to Bc20 S17 Connect U104/12 to U113/12

S7 Connect U113/16 to U104/16 S18 Connect U113/12 to U29/6

S8 Connect U104/16 to Ba32 S19 Connect U104/4 to RN6/2 & Bc32

S9 Connect U104/15 to U104/9 S20 Connect RN62 to U113/4

S10 Connect U104/9 to U104/8 S21 Connect U113/4 to U12/1

S11 Connect U194/8 to U104/7

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ANNEXURE-2
Reference Clock Cable (RCLK) for CM-XL
In CM-XL, there can be maximum three Reference Clock input per copy of
NSC. Clock is extended from DTS card (which is connected to a working
PCM stream connected to exchange supply of Reference Clock) and given to
each copy of NSC by splitting at the CM end. Corresponding DTS slots on
DTU mother board should be assembled with shrouds, latch frames and
latches at site.
Detail of Reference Clock Cable
C-DOT ASSY. NO. : ACB-NSCERCKN-000

DRAWING NO. : FIG. 10.47 (c) & 10.47 (d)

CABLE PART NO. : MCA-PVCTPS04-401

CABLE MARKER NO. : RCKN

CABLE DESCRIPTION : SHIELDED DIGITAL CABLE 4 PAIRS 32/0.2MM

GREY PVC

CABLE UNIT COLOUR CODE : GREY

CABLE LENGTH : 12 MTRS. (MAX.)

SOURCE TERMINATION PART NO. : MCC-BPWCB207-401

DESTINATION TERMINATION PART NO. : MCC-BPWCB207-401

SOURCE PLACEMENT TAB NO. : REF. TABLE 10.26 (a)

RETAINED

DESTINATION PLACEMENT TAB : REF. TABLE 10.26 (a)

NO.RETAINED REF. TABLE 10.26 (a)

ASSEMBLY PROCEDURE : WIRE WRAP TOOL

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 CABLE UNIT MARKER

N VARIES FROM 0 TO 2

\DESIGN\DSSMAX\MAX-XL\MAX-XLIM\MXI-RCC

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10
\DESIGN\DSSMAX\MAX-XL\MAX-XLIM\MXI-RCCC
 Table 10.26 (a)
Reference Clock Cable (RCK) Routing
S.No. Cable No. Source BM Side Frame Destination: CM Side Length Remarks
Frame-DTU Frame No.5

01. RCK0 SLOT:4,8,18 OR 22 CONNECTOR-J27 (NSC- 12 MTRS.

CONNECTOR `B' TAB TO 0) & J46
RETAIN-3 (NSC-1) TAB TO
RETAIN-1

02. RCK1 SLOT:4,8,18 OR 22 CONNECTOR-J27 (NSC- 12 MTRS.

CONNECTOR `B' TAB TO 0) & J46
RETAIN-3 (NSC-1) TAB TO
RETAIN-2

03. RCK2 SLOT:4,8,18 OR 22 CONNECTOR-J27 (NSC- 12 MTRS.

CONNECTOR `B' TAB TO 0) & J46
RETAIN-3 (NSC-1) TAB TO
RETAIN-3

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