You are on page 1of 33

Sign in

Journals
Books
Register
Download PDFOpens in a new window. Article suggestions will be shown in a
dialog on return to ScienceDirect.

Advanced search

Article outline

Show full outline

Abstract

Keywords

Introduction

Relevant literature

Experimental works

Results and discussion

Conclusion

References

Figures and tables

1.
Table 1

2.

3.

4.
Table 2

5.

6.
Table 3

7.
Table 4

8.
Table 5

9.
Table 6

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.
Table 7

HBRC Journal
Volume 9, Issue 3, December 2013, Pages 276282

Open Access

Removal of heavy metals from wastewater using agricultural


and industrial wastes as adsorbents

Hala Ahmed Hegazi


Show more
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hbrcj.2013.08.004
Get rights and content
Open Access funded by Housing and Building National Research Center
Under a Creative Commons license

Abstract
Adsorption processes are being widely used by various researchers for the removal
of heavy metals from waste streams and activated carbon has been frequently used
as an adsorbent. Despite its extensive use in water and wastewater treatment
industries, activated carbon remains an expensive material. In recent years, the
need for safe and economical methods for the elimination of heavy metals from
contaminated waters has necessitated research interest toward the production of low
cost alternatives to commercially available activated carbon. Therefore, there is an
urgent need that all possible sources of agro-based inexpensive adsorbents should
be explored and their feasibility for the removal of heavy metals should be studied in
detail. The objective of this research is to study the utilization possibilities of less
expensive adsorbents for the elimination of heavy metals from wastewater.
Agricultural and industrial waste by-products such as rice husk and fly ash have be

used for the elimination of heavy metals from wastewater for the treatment of the ELAHLIA Company wastewater for electroplating industries as an actual case study.
Results showed that low cost adsorbents can be fruitfully used for the removal of
heavy metals with a concentration range of 2060 mg/l also, using real wastewater
showed that rice husk was effective in the simultaneous removal of Fe, Pb and Ni,
where fly ash was effective in the removal of Cd and Cu.

Keywords

Adsorption;
Adsorbents;
Agricultural wastes;
Industrial waste;
Heavy metals;
Wastewater

Introduction
Excessive release of heavy metals into the environment due to industrialization and
urbanization has posed a great problem worldwide. Unlike organic pollutants, the
majority of which are susceptible to biological degradation, heavy metal ions do not
degrade into harmless end products [1]. The presence of heavy metal ions is of
major concern due to their toxicity to many life forms. Heavy metal contamination
exists in aqueous wastes of many industries, such as metal plating, mining
operations, tanneries, chloralkali, radiator manufacturing, smelting, alloy industries
and storage batteries industries [2].
Treatment processes for heavy metal removal from wastewater include precipitation,
membrane filtration, ion exchange, adsorption, and co-precipitation/adsorption.
Studies on the treatment of effluent bearing heavy metals have revealed adsorption
to be a highly effective technique for the removal of heavy metals from waste stream
and activated carbon has been widely used as an adsorbent [3]. Despite its
extensive use in water and wastewater treatment industries, activated carbon
remains an expensive material.
In recent years, the need for safe and economical methods for the elimination of
heavy metals from contaminated waters has necessitated research Low cost
agricultural waste by-products such as sugarcane bagasse [4], [5], [6], [7] and [8],
Rice husk [9], [10], [11],[12] and [13], sawdust [14], [15] and [16], coconut husk [17],
oil palm shell [18], neem bark[19] etc., for the elimination of heavy metals from
wastewater have been investigated by various researchers. Cost is an important
parameter for comparing the sorbent materials. However, cost information is seldom
reported, and the expense of individual sorbents varies depending on the degree of
processing required and local availability. In general, an adsorbent can be termed as
a low cost adsorbent if it requires little processing, is abundant in nature, or is a byproduct or waste material from another industry. Of course improved sorption
capacity may compensate the cost of additional processing [20]. Therefore there is
an urgent need that all possible sources of agro-based inexpensive adsorbents
should be explored and their feasibility for the removal of heavy metals should be
studied in detail. The objective of this study is to contribute in the search for less

expensive adsorbents and their utilization possibilities for various agricultural waste
by-products, which are in many cases also pollution sources.

Relevant literature
Reviews of some agricultural and industrial adsorbents for the removal of heavy
metals from wastewater are presented as follows.
Rice husk
Rice husk is an agricultural waste material generated in rice producing countries,
especially in Egypt. The annual world rice production is approximately 500 million
metric tons, of which 1020% is rice husk. Dry rice husk contains 7085% of organic
matter (lignin, cellulose, sugars, etc.) and the remainder consists of silica, which is
present in the cellular membrane [21]. In recent years, attention has been focused
on the utilization of unmodified or modified rice husk as an adsorbent for the removal
of pollutants. Batch studies using tartaric acid modified rice husk as adsorbent have
been carried out for the removal of lead and copper and have reported the effects of
various parameters such as pH, initial concentration of adsorbate, particle size,
temperature etc. It was reported that modified rice husk is a potentially useful
material for the removal of Cu and Pb from aqueous solutions [22].
Fly ash
Fly Ash is a naturally-cementations coal combustion by-product. It is extracted by the
precipitators in the smokestacks of coal-burning power plants to reduce pollution
Since the fly ash disposal problem emerged with the advent of pollution control
systems in the 1960s and 1970s, extensive research has been done to understand
how it performs in its orthodox capacity as a soil stabilizer and structural concrete
admixture [23].

Experimental works
Materials
The adsorption of heavy metal ions by low cost adsorbents was evaluated under
various conditions such as pH, heavy metal concentration, mixing speed and
adsorbent dose through both kinetic and isotherm studies. The optimum removal
condition was also identified for each metal ion. Table 1 indicates the main
consistent, primary source, physical structure, chemical characterization and the
primary use of low cost adsorbents such as rice husk and fly ash (see Fig. 1 and Fig.
2).
Table 1.
Low cost adsorbents data.
Low cost
Main
adsorbents
consistent

Rice husk

Is collected
from one of
the rice
processing
factories

Primary
source

Physical
structure

Chemical
characterization (%)

Primary use

Rice

Granular
structure
insolubility
in water,
chemical
stability,

Cellulose
Hemicellulose
Lignin
Extractives
Water

Wastewater
treatment

32.2
21.3
21.4
1.82
8.11

Low cost
adsorbents

Main
consistent

Primary
source

Physical
structure

Chemical
characterization (%)

Primary use

Fly ash

A particulate
material
produced
from the
combustion
of coal in
power
plants

Bituminous
coalburning
power plant

Spherical
shape and
pozzolanic
properties

SiO2
Al2O3
Fe2O3

Building
materials,
soil
amendment
and fillers

57.82
22.10
8.33

Table options

Fig. 1.
Experimental work program for rice husk.
Figure options

Fig. 2.
Experimental work program for fly ash.
Figure options

Batch study (synthetic wastewater)


Metal solutions of (Cu, Ni, Fe) were prepared by dissolving copper sulfate
(CuSO45H2O), nickel nitrate (NiNO3)26H2O and iron sulfate (FeSO47H2O) separately
in double distilled water in order to result in known concentrations of the metal ions
required and to make synthetic wastewater.
All the experiments were carried out in duplicate and the relative standard deviation
was less than 5%. In general the sorption consisted of 20 mg/l for the adsorbent
dose in 10 mg/l of concentration metal (Cu, Ni, Fe) at an agitation rate of 200 rpm
with an adsorbent time of 20 min at room temperature (25 3).To study the effect of
pH on sorption, the pH of the metal ion solution was adjusted to values in the range
of (210) by the addition of CuSO45H2O, (NiNO3)26H2O, FeSO27H2O prior to the
experiment. The Langmuir isotherms were obtained by equilibrating metal ion
solutions of different adsorbent doses (530) mg/l with different times (20150 min)
at equilibrium pH and rpm with an initial metal concentration of 10 mg/l at room
temperature.
The effect of agitation rate on metal ion uptake was carried out by varying the
agitation rate from 50 to 200 rpm, and the experiment on the effect of an adsorbent
dose of 20 mg/l at equilibrium pH and rpm at an adsorbent time of 20 min with a
concentration of 530 mg/l at room temperature.
Adsorption batch experiments
Adsorption batch experiments were carried out by shaking a series of bottles
containing various amounts of each of the low cost adsorbents and heavy metal ions
at different pH. The pH of the slurry was adjusted to a desired value in the range of
210 and was agitated in a shaking bath at (25 3 C) for 20 min until the pH was
stabilized. Then, the nickel, iron and copper ions in the form of CuSO 45H2O,
(NiNO3)26H2O, FeSO47H2O were added to the bottles to make initial concentrations

of 530 mg/L and the bottles were further agitated for 2 or 2.5 h until equilibrium was
obtained. The residual concentration of heavy metals was determined by an atomic
absorption spectrometer. In addition to adsorption tests, a set of blank tests of low
cost were conducted in order to evaluate the removal by metal hydroxide
precipitation at various pHs.
Table 2 indicates the experimental work program i.e. mixing speed, contact time and
adsorbent dose.
Table 2.
Experimental work program (synthetic water).
Low cost
Run Metals
pH
adsorption
Rice husk
1
Cu
3:10
2
5
3
5
4
5
5
Ni
2:7
6
6
7
6
8
6
9
Fe
2.5:4
10
3.75
11
3.75
12
3.75
Fly ash

13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

Cu

Ni

Fe

3:8
6
6
6
3:10
7
7
7
3:8
6
6
6

Mixing speed
(rpm)
200
50:250
200
200
200
50:250
200
200
200
50:250
200
200

Contact time
(min)
20
20
20:150
120
20
20
20:150
120
20
20
20:150
120

Adsorbent dose
(g/l)
10
10
5:30
20
10
10
5:30
20
10
10
5:30
20

200
50:250
150
150
200
50250
150
150
200
50:250
150
150

20
20
20:150
120
20
20
20:150
120
20
20
20:150
120

10
10
5:40
20
10
10
5:40
20
10
10
5:40
20
Table options

Case of study: treatment of wastewater in EL-AHLIA Company for electroplating


industries
The wastewater produced from the EL-AHLIA Company is 750 m3/day and
discharged into the sewer system of the Ismailia canal in Abozabal. Wastewater from
the electroplating department of 250 m3/day represents the main source of pollution
in this company. The unreacted rinse water contains high concentrations of Fe, Pb,
Cd, Cu and Ni. Their typical concentrations were as high as 11.78, 1.17, 0.48, 5.43
and 1.74 mg/l respectively (see Fig. 3).

Fig. 3.
Heavy metal concentration in El-AHLIA wastewater.
Figure options

Results and discussion


Fe removal by different weights of absorbents
The effect of the amount of adsorbent on the removal of Fe ions by rice husk is
depicted inTable 3 for varied adsorbent doses of 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 mg/l. Fe
removal using rice husk increased from 68.59% to 99.25% i.e. with the increase of
the amount of absorbent concentration , while Fe removal using fly Ash varied from
46.18% to 86.757%.
Table 3.
Fe removal efficiency for different absorbent doses.
Heavy
Adsorbent
In- Fe
Rice husk
metal
dose
mg/l

Fe

20
30
40
50
60

11.78
11.78
11.78
11.78
11.78

Outlet-Fe
mg/l
3.7
2.1
1.2
0.09
0.088

Fly ash

Removal
ratio %
68.59
82.17
89.81
99.236
99.253

Outlet-Fe
mg/l
6.34
4.9
4.1
2.97
1.56

Removal
ratio %
46.18
58.4
65.2
74.788
86.757

Table options

Pb removal by different weights of absorbents


The effect of the amount of adsorbent on the removal of Pb ions by rice husk is
depicted inTable 4 for varied adsorbent doses of 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 mg/l. Pb
removal with rice husk increased from 22.22% to 87.17% i.e. with the increase of the
amount of absorbent concentration, while the Pb removal using fly Ash varied from
21.79% to 76.06%.
Table 4.
Pb removal efficiency for different absorbent doses.
Heavy
Adsorbent
In- Pb
Rice husk
metal
dose
mg/l

Pb

20
30

1.17
1.17

Outlet- Pb
mg/l
0.91
0.66

Fly ash

Removal
ratio %
22.22
43.59

Outlet- Pb
mg/l
0.92
0.7

Removal
ratio %
21.79
40.17

Heavy
metal

Adsorbent
dose

40
50
60

In- Pb
mg/l

1.17
1.17
1.17

Rice husk

Outlet- Pb
mg/l
0.38
0.28
0.15

Fly ash

Removal
ratio %
67.52
76.068
87.179

Outlet- Pb
mg/l
0.46
0.33
0.28

Removal
ratio %
60.68
71.795
76.068

Table options

Cd removal by different weights of absorbents


The effect of the amount of adsorbent on the removal of Cd ions by rice husk is
depicted inTable 5 for varied adsorbent doses of 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 mg/l. Cd
removal using rice husk increased from 26.04% to 67.917% i.e. with the increase of
the amount of absorbent concentration, while the Cd removal using fly Ash varied
from 25.21% to 73.54%.
Table 5.
Cd removal efficiency for different absorbent doses.
Heavy
Adsorbent
In- Cd
Rice husk
metal
dose
mg/l

Cd

20
30
40
50
60

0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48

Outlet- Cd
mg/l
0.36
0.31
0.24
0.190
0.154

Fly ash

Removal
ratio %
26.04
35.42
50.00
60.417
67.917

Outlet- Cd
mg/l
0.36
0.30
0.23
0.180
0.127

Removal
ratio %
25.21
37.50
52.08
62.500
73.542

Table options

Cu removal by different weights of absorbents


The effect of the amount of adsorbent on the removal of Cu ions by rice husk is
depicted inTable 5 for varied adsorbent doses of 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 mg/l. Cu
removal using rice husk increased from 24.49% to 98.177% i.e. with the increase of
the amount of absorbent concentration , while Cu removal using fly Ash varied from
37.38% to 98.545% (see Table 6).
Table 6.
Cu removal efficiency for different absorbent doses.
Heavy
Adsorbent
In- Cu
Rice husk
metal
dose
mg/l

Cu

20
30
40
50
60

5.43
5.43
5.43
5.43
5.43

Outlet- Cu
mg/l
4.10
2.84
1.83
1.210
0.099

Fly ash

Removal
ratio %
24.49
47.70
66.30
77.716
98.177

Outlet- Cu
mg/l
3.40
1.81
1.01
0.089
0.079

Removal
ratio %
37.38
66.67
81.40
98.361
98.545

Table options

Ni removal by different weights of absorbents


The effect of the amount of adsorbent on the removal of Ni ions by rice husk is
depicted inTable 5 for varied adsorbent doses of 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 mg/l. Ni
removal using rice husk increased from 94.885% to 96.954% i.e. with the increase of
the amount of absorbent concentration , while Ni removal using fly Ash varied from
94.540% to 96.034% (see Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, Table 7).

Fig. 4.
Removal efficiency of various heavy metals using rice husk.
Figure options

Fig. 5.
Removal efficiency of various heavy metals using fly ash.
Figure options

Fig. 6.
Comparison between rice husk and fly ash removal efficiency at 60 mg/l absorbent
concentration.

Figure options

Fig. 7.
Comparison between rice husk and fly ash removal efficiency at 50 mg/l absorbent
concentration.
Figure options

Table 7.
Ni removal efficiency for different absorbent doses.
Heavy
Adsorbent
In- Ni
Rice husk
metal
dose
mg/l

Ni

20
30
40
50
60

1.74
1.74
1.74
1.74
1.74

Outlet- Ni
mg/l
0.089
0.071
0.065
0.058
0.053

Fly ash

Removal
ratio %
94.885
95.920
96.264
96.667
96.954

Outlet- Ni
mg/l
0.095
0.085
0.076
0.070
0.069

Removal
ratio %
94.540
95.115
95.632
95.977
96.034

Table options

Conclusion
1.
Results showed that low cost adsorbents can be fruitfully used for the removal
of heavy metals with a concentration range of 2060 mg/l.
2.
The results of using real wastewater showed that rice husk was effective in
the simultaneous removal of Fe, Pb and Ni, whereas fly ash was effective in
the removal of Cd and Cu.
3.
It was found that the percentage removal of heavy metals was dependent on
the dose of low cost adsorbent and adsorbent concentration.
4.
The contact time necessary for maximum adsorption was found to be two
hours.
5.
The optimum pH range for heavy metal adsorption was 67.0.

References
1.
o
o
o
o
2.

4.

7.

8.

Bioresour. Technol., 76 (2001), pp. 6365

o
o
o

[3]
S. Chand, V.K. Aggarwal, P. Kumar
Removal of hexavalent chromium from the wastewater by adsorption

Indian J. Environ. Health, 36 (3) (1994), pp. 151158

6.

[2]
K. Kadirvelu, K. Thamaraiselvi, C. Namasivayam
Removal of heavy metal from industrial wastewaters by adsorption onto
activated carbon prepared from an agricultural solid waste

o
o
o

5.

Water Res., 35 (5) (2001), pp. 11251134

o
o
o
o

3.

[1]
V.K. Gupta, M. Gupta, S. Sharma
Process development for the removal of lead and chromium from aqueous
solution using red mud an aluminum industry waste

[4]
D. Mohan, K.P. Singh
Single and multi-component adsorption of cadmium and zinc using activated
carbon derived from bagasse an agricultural waste
Water Res., 36 (2002), pp. 23042318

o
o
o
o

[5]
N.A. Khan, S.I. Ali, S. Ayub
Effect of pH on the removal of chromium (Cr) (VI) by sugar cane baggase

Sci. Technol., 6 (2001), pp. 1319

o
o
o
o

[6]
S. Ayub, S.I. Ali, N.A. Khan, R.A.K. Rao
Treatment of wastewater by agricultural waste

Environ. Prot. Control J., 2 (1) (1998), pp. 58

o
o
o
o

[7]
S. Ayub, S.I. Ali, N.A. Khan
Study on the removal of Cr(VI) by sugarcane bagasse from wastewater

Pollut. Res. J., 2 (2) (2001), pp. 233237

o
o
o

[8]
S. Ayub, S.I. Ali, N.A. Khan

Adsorption studies on the low cost adsorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) from
electroplating wastewater
Environ. Pollut. Control J., 5 (6) (2002), pp. 1020

o
9.

10.

11.

o
o
o
o

[9]
K. Srinivasan, N. Balasubramaniam, T.V. Ramakrishna
Studies on chromium removal by rice husk carbon

Indian J. Environ. Health, 30 (4) (1998), pp. 376387

o
o
o
o

[10]
E. Munaf, R. Zein
The use of rice husk for removal of toxic metals from wastewater

Environ. Technol., 18 (1970), pp. 359362

o
o
o
o

[11]
M. Ajmal, R.A.K. Rao, S. Anwar, J. Ahmad, R. Ahmad
Adsorption studies on rice husk: removal and recovery of Cd (II) from
wastewater
Bioresour. Technol., 86 (2003), pp. 147149

o
12.

o
[12]
R. Suemitsu, R. Venishi, I. Akashi, M. Nakano
The use of dyestuff-treated rice hulls for removal of heavy metals from waste

o
o
o
water
o
13.

o
o
o

14.

15.

[13]
N.A. Khan, M.G. Shaaban, Z. Jamil, Chromium removal from wastewater through
adsorption process, in: Proc. UM Research Seminar 2003 organized by Institute of Research
Management and Consultancy (IPPP), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 2003.

o
o
o
o

[14]
M. Ajmal, R.A.K. Rao, B.A. Siddiqui
Studies on removal and recovery of Cr (VI) from electroplating wastes

Water Res., 30 (6) (1996), pp. 14781482

o
o
o
o
o

16.

J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 31 (1986), pp. 7583

[15]
K. Kadirvelu, M. Kavipriya, C. Karthika, M. Radhika, N. Vennilamani, S. Pattabhi
Utilization of various agricultural wastes for activated carbon preparation and
application for the removal of dyes and metal ions from aqueous solution
Bioresour. Technol., 87 (2003), pp. 129132

17.

o
o
o

[16]
K. Selvi, S. Pattabhi, K. Kadirvelu
Removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution by adsorption onto activated carbon

Bioresour. Technol., 80 (2001), pp. 8789

o
[17]
W.T. Tan, S.T. Ooi, C.K. Lee
Removal of chromium (VI) from solution by coconut husk and palm pressed

o
o
o
fibre

Environ. Technol., 14 (1993), pp. 277282

o
18.

o
o
o

19.

[18]
N.A. Khan, M.G. Shaaban, MH.A. Hassan, Removal of heavy metal using an
inexpensive adsorbent, in: Proc. UM Research Seminar organized by Institute of Research
Management and Consultancy (IPPP), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 2003.

o
o
o
o

[19]
S. Ayub, S.I. Ali, N.A. Khan
Efficiency evaluation of neem (Azadirachta indica) bark in treatment of
industrial wastewater
Environ. Pollut. Control J., 4 (4) (2001), pp. 3438

o
20.

1.

2.

o
o
o
o

[20]
S.E. Bailey, T.J. Olin, R.M. Bricka, D.D. Adrian
A review of pontentially low-cost sorbents for heavy metals

Water Res., 33 (11) (1999), pp. 24692479

o
o
o
o

[21]
R.K. Vempati, S.C. Musthyala, Y.A. Molleh, D.L. Cocke
Surface analyses of pyrolysed rice husk using scanning force microscopy

Water Res., 74 (11) (1995), pp. 17221725

o
[22]
K.K. Wong, C.K. Lee, K.S. Low, M.J. Haron
Removal of Cu and Pb by tartaric acid modified rice husk from aqueous

o
o
o
solution
o
3.

Chemosphere, 50 (2003), pp. 2328

o
o
o
o

[23]
W.E. Marshall, L.H. Wartelle, D.E. Boler, M.M. Johns, C.A. Toles
Enhanced metal adsorption by soybean hulls modified with citric acid

Bioresour. Technol., 69 (1999), pp. 263268

Peer review under responsibility of Housing and Building National Research

Center.
Copyright 2013 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.
About ScienceDirectRemote accessShopping cartContact and supportTerms and conditionsPrivacy
policy
Cookies are used by this site. For more information, visit the cookies page.
Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. ScienceDirect is a registered
trademark of Elsevier B.V.
Recommended articles

1.
1.

New trends in removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater

2.

2011, Arabian Journal of Chemistry


more

2.
1.

A study of the removal characteristics of heavy metals from


wastewater by low-cost adsorbents

2.

2011, Journal of Advanced Research


more

3.
1.

Applicability of agricultural waste and by-products for adsorptive


removal of heavy metals from wastewater

2.

2013, Bioresource Technology


more

4.

View more articles


Citing articles (0)
Related book content
See all
12 Citations
See all
12 References
Share

Download Full-text PDF

Removal of Heavy Metals from Industrial


Wastewater Using Rice Husks
Article (PDF Available)with195 Reads

1st Innocent Nhapi


27.05 Chinhoyi University of Technology

2nd Noble Banadda


16.22 Makerere University

+1

3rd R Murenzi

Last Umaru Garba Wali


6.89 School of Engineering, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda
Show more authors
Abstract
Heavy metals are widely used in textile industries and significant losses occur during the manufacture and
processing of textiles, and these lost heavy metals are discharged in the effluent. Adsorption of heavy metals is a
new technology for treatment of wastewater containing different types of selected heavy metals. In this study,
adsorbents Carbonized Rice Husk (CRH) and Activated Rice Husk (ARH) made out of rice husks, available as
agriculture waste, are investigated as viable materials for treatment of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn containing industrial
wastewater at controlled pH. The results obtained from the batch experiments revealed a relative ability of the
rice husk in removing some heavy metals at pH 7. One hand one, the CRH adsorption capacity decreases in the
order of Cu > Pb > Zn > Cd in batch adsorption whereas during Rapid Small Scale Column Tests the adsorption
capacity decrease as follow Cu> Zn> Pb> Cd. On the other hand, ARH adsorption capacity performance is
similar to CRH. However, during Rapid Small Scale Column Tests the adsorption capacity decreases in the order
Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd. The kinetic removal in batch experiment shows that the net uptake of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn was 54.3%,
8.24%, 51.4% and 56.7%, respectively whereas using CRH, while it varied as 74.04%, 43.4%, 70.08% and

77.2% for the same dosages of ARH. Therefore, it is concluded that as regards to CRH, ARH demonstrated
higher potential to remove relatively all selected heavy metals.

Discover the world's research

10+ million members

100+ million publications

100k+ research projects


Join for free

Full-text (PDF)
Available from: Umaru Garba Wali, Nov 19, 2014
Download Full-text PDF

Citations12

References12

Efficacy of Mangrove (Rhizophora Mucronata) Roots Powder in Adsorption of


Lead (II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions: Equilibrium and Kinetics Studies

"The increase in particle size had a reverse effect of decreasing surface area, reducing
number of binding sites hence decreasing the % adsorption. Similar results were observed by [16] who worked
on rice husks and [17] who worked on treated sawdust of sissoo wood. [18] demonstrated that the adsorption of
Pb (II) ions increased linearly as the amount of adsorbent (mixture of activated charcoal and peanut shell)
increased from 1.0 g to 3.0 g and became constant from 3.0 g to 5.0 g. "

Article Aug 2016


Fidelis Ngugi

John Mmari Onyari

John Namakwa Wabomba

Read

Equilibrium and Kinetics Studies of adsorption of Copper (II) Ions on Natural


Biosorbent

"Conventional metal removal techniques such as reverse osmosis, solvent extraction, lime
coagulation and ion exchange methods [7], [8] are encountered with certain major disadvantages such as high
energy requirements, incomplete removal and generation of large quantity of toxic waste sludge due to various
reagents used in a series of treatments. Adsorption techniques are proved to be an effective and attractive
process for removal of non-biodegradable pollutants [9], [10] Manuscript received October 25, 2014, revised
January 15, 2015. The authors are with the Petrochemical Department, Faculty of Engineering, Pharos
University, Canal El Mahmoudeya St. Semouha, Alexandria, Egypt (e-mail: rania_farouq29@yahoo.com,
nohaysf@gmail.com, "

Article Oct 2015


Rania Farouq

N. S. Yousef

Read

Activated Carbon from Honeydew Rind as an Adsorbent in Zinc Removal from


Aqueous Solutions

"At present, a list of technologies have been designed and employed for heavy metal removal
purpose namely precipitation, biological treatment, membrane-filtration process, fenton reagent and adsorption
[6] [7]. Despite of the efficiency in pollutants removal these methods have significant disadvantages, such as high
chemical and energy requirements, hazardous sludge formation, low efficiency at low concentration of pollutants
and high cost at large scale [8]. "

[Show abstract]
Full-text Article Jul 2015
Zalilah Murni Yunus

Norzila Othman

Rafidah Hamdan+5 more authors ...

Onn Malaysia

Read full-text
Show more

People who read this publication also read

Concentration of Heavy Metals in Fish Juveniles of Gangetic Delta of West


Bengal, India
Full-text Article Oct 2016 Journal fr Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit
Abhijit Mitra

Kunal Mondal

Kakoli Banerjee

Read full-text

Technically avoidable heavy metal contents in cosmetic products


Article Oct 2016
BVL Bund

Read

Physicochemical and heavy metal contents of groundwater in Okrika mainland,


Rivers State.
Article Oct 2016 Journal fr Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit
Ubong I U

Ibinabo Ogolo

Abam T. K. S

Ngah S.A.

Read
Data provided are for informational purposes only. Although carefully collected, accuracy cannot be guaranteed.
Publisher conditions are provided by RoMEO. Differing provisions from the publisher's actual policy or licence
agreement may be applicable.
This publication is from a journal that may support self archiving.
Learn more
Last Updated: 17 Jul 16
2008-2016 researchgate.net. All rights reserved.About us Contact us Careers Developers News Help
Center Privacy Terms Copyright | Advertising Recruiting
or
Discover by subject area
Join in
Log
forwho
freeread this publication also read:
People
Log in

Article: Removal of Heavy Metals from Industrial Wastewater Using Rice Husks
Full-text Nov 2011 The Open Environmental Eng...
Article: Characterization of Brewery Wastewater for Reuse in Kigali, Rwanda
Full-text Jan 2011 The Open Environmental Eng...
Article: Batch Sorption Experiments: Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherm Studies for the Adsorption of Textile
M...
Full-text Jan 2013 Journal of Thermodynamics
Article: An assessment of wastewater management practices in Kigali
Full-text
See all
12 Citations
See all
12 References
Share


Download Full-text PDF

Removal of Heavy Metals from Industrial


Wastewater Using Rice Husks
Article (PDF Available)with195 Reads

1st Innocent Nhapi


27.05 Chinhoyi University of Technology

2nd Noble Banadda


16.22 Makerere University

+1

3rd R Murenzi

Last Umaru Garba Wali


6.89 School of Engineering, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda
Show more authors
Abstract
Heavy metals are widely used in textile industries and significant losses occur during the manufacture and
processing of textiles, and these lost heavy metals are discharged in the effluent. Adsorption of heavy metals is a
new technology for treatment of wastewater containing different types of selected heavy metals. In this study,
adsorbents Carbonized Rice Husk (CRH) and Activated Rice Husk (ARH) made out of rice husks, available as
agriculture waste, are investigated as viable materials for treatment of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn containing industrial
wastewater at controlled pH. The results obtained from the batch experiments revealed a relative ability of the
rice husk in removing some heavy metals at pH 7. One hand one, the CRH adsorption capacity decreases in the
order of Cu > Pb > Zn > Cd in batch adsorption whereas during Rapid Small Scale Column Tests the adsorption

capacity decrease as follow Cu> Zn> Pb> Cd. On the other hand, ARH adsorption capacity performance is
similar to CRH. However, during Rapid Small Scale Column Tests the adsorption capacity decreases in the order
Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd. The kinetic removal in batch experiment shows that the net uptake of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn was 54.3%,
8.24%, 51.4% and 56.7%, respectively whereas using CRH, while it varied as 74.04%, 43.4%, 70.08% and
77.2% for the same dosages of ARH. Therefore, it is concluded that as regards to CRH, ARH demonstrated
higher potential to remove relatively all selected heavy metals.

Discover the world's research

10+ million members

100+ million publications

100k+ research projects


Join for free

Full-text (PDF)
Available from: Umaru Garba Wali, Nov 19, 2014
Download Full-text PDF

Citations12

References12

Efficacy of Mangrove (Rhizophora Mucronata) Roots Powder in Adsorption of


Lead (II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions: Equilibrium and Kinetics Studies

"The increase in particle size had a reverse effect of decreasing surface area, reducing
number of binding sites hence decreasing the % adsorption. Similar results were observed by [16] who worked
on rice husks and [17] who worked on treated sawdust of sissoo wood. [18] demonstrated that the adsorption of
Pb (II) ions increased linearly as the amount of adsorbent (mixture of activated charcoal and peanut shell)
increased from 1.0 g to 3.0 g and became constant from 3.0 g to 5.0 g. "

Article Aug 2016


Fidelis Ngugi

John Mmari Onyari

John Namakwa Wabomba

Read

Equilibrium and Kinetics Studies of adsorption of Copper (II) Ions on Natural


Biosorbent

"Conventional metal removal techniques such as reverse osmosis, solvent extraction, lime
coagulation and ion exchange methods [7], [8] are encountered with certain major disadvantages such as high
energy requirements, incomplete removal and generation of large quantity of toxic waste sludge due to various
reagents used in a series of treatments. Adsorption techniques are proved to be an effective and attractive

process for removal of non-biodegradable pollutants [9], [10] Manuscript received October 25, 2014, revised
January 15, 2015. The authors are with the Petrochemical Department, Faculty of Engineering, Pharos
University, Canal El Mahmoudeya St. Semouha, Alexandria, Egypt (e-mail: rania_farouq29@yahoo.com,
nohaysf@gmail.com, "

Article Oct 2015


Rania Farouq

N. S. Yousef

Read

Activated Carbon from Honeydew Rind as an Adsorbent in Zinc Removal from


Aqueous Solutions

"At present, a list of technologies have been designed and employed for heavy metal removal
purpose namely precipitation, biological treatment, membrane-filtration process, fenton reagent and adsorption
[6] [7]. Despite of the efficiency in pollutants removal these methods have significant disadvantages, such as high
chemical and energy requirements, hazardous sludge formation, low efficiency at low concentration of pollutants
and high cost at large scale [8]. "

[Show abstract]
Full-text Article Jul 2015
Zalilah Murni Yunus

Norzila Othman

Rafidah Hamdan+5 more authors ...

Onn Malaysia

Read full-text
Show more

People who read this publication also read

Concentration of Heavy Metals in Fish Juveniles of Gangetic Delta of West


Bengal, India
Full-text Article Oct 2016 Journal fr Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit
Abhijit Mitra

Kunal Mondal

Kakoli Banerjee

Read full-text

Technically avoidable heavy metal contents in cosmetic products

Article Oct 2016


BVL Bund

Read

Physicochemical and heavy metal contents of groundwater in Okrika mainland,


Rivers State.
Article Oct 2016 Journal fr Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit
Ubong I U

Ibinabo Ogolo

Abam T. K. S

Ngah S.A.

Read
Data provided are for informational purposes only. Although carefully collected, accuracy cannot be guaranteed.
Publisher conditions are provided by RoMEO. Differing provisions from the publisher's actual policy or licence
agreement may be applicable.
This publication is from a journal that may support self archiving.
Learn more
Last Updated: 17 Jul 16
2008-2016 researchgate.net. All rights reserved.About us Contact us Careers Developers News Help
Center Privacy Terms Copyright | Advertising Recruiting
or
Discover by subject area
Join in
forwho
freeread this publication also read:
Log
People
Log in

Article: Removal of Heavy Metals from Industrial Wastewater Using Rice Husks
Full-text Nov 2011 The Open Environmental Eng...
Article: Characterization of Brewery Wastewater for Reuse in Kigali, Rwanda
Full-text Jan 2011 The Open Environmental Eng...
Article: Batch Sorption Experiments: Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherm Studies for the Adsorption of Textile
M...
Full-text Jan 2013 Journal of Thermodynamics
Article: An assessment of wastewater management practices in Kigali

Full-te
SEARCH

Home Removal of Heavy Metals from Industrial Wastewater Using Rice Husks

TITLE

Removal of Heavy Metals from Industrial Wastewater Using Rice


Husks
AUTHOR(S)
Nhapi, I.; Banadda, N.; Murenzi, R.; Sekomo, C. B.; Wali, U. G.
PUB. DATE
January 2011
SOURCE
Open Environmental Engineering Journal;2011, Vol. 4, p170
SOURCE TYPE
Academic Journal
DOC. TYPE
Article
ABSTRACT
Heavy metals are widely used in textile industries and significant losses occur during the manufacture and
processing of textiles, and these lost heavy metals are discharged in the effluent. Adsorption of heavy metals is a
new technology for treatment of wastewater containing different types of selected heavy metals. In this study,
adsorbents Carbonized Rice Husk (CRH) and Activated Rice Husk (ARH) made out of rice husks, available as
agriculture waste, are investigated as viable materials for treatment of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn containing industrial
wastewater at controlled pH. The results obtained from the batch experiments revealed a relative ability of the
rice husk in removing some heavy metals at pH 7. One hand one, the CRH adsorption capacity decreases in the
order of Cu > Pb > Zn > Cd in batch adsorption whereas during Rapid Small Scale Column Tests the adsorption
capacity decrease as follow Cu> Zn> Pb> Cd. On the other hand, ARH adsorption capacity performance is
similar to CRH. However, during Rapid Small Scale Column Tests the adsorption capacity decreases in the order
Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd. The kinetic removal in batch experiment shows that the net uptake of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn was 54.3%,
8.24%, 51.4% and 56.7%, respectively whereas using CRH, while it varied as 74.04%, 43.4%, 70.08% and
77.2% for the same dosages of ARH. Therefore, it is concluded that as regards to CRH, ARH demonstrated
higher potential to remove relatively all selected heavy metals.
ACCESSION #
70497920

Related Articles

Removal of lead from aqueous solutions by precipitation: statistical analysis and modeling. Kavak,
Duygu // Desalination & Water Treatment;Feb2013, Vol. 51 Issue 7-9, p1720

Chemical precipitation is the most common technology for the removal of dissolved metals from industrial wastewater. In this
study, the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions by precipitation was investigated and factorial design was applied. The
effects of three variables i.e. pH, mass of...

A comparative study of surface modification in carbonized rice husk by acid treatment. Sindhu,
Mathilakhath; Sheriffa Begum, Kadhar Mohamed Meera; Sugashini, Sivaraju // Desalination & Water
Treatment;Jul2012, Vol. 45 Issue 1-3, p170
Water pollution by heavy metals is a major environmental problem because of their toxicity and its removal is highly essential.
In this present investigation, two types of adsorbents were prepared viz. activated carbon from acid treated rice husk (ACARH)
and activated carbon from rice husk...

Constructed wetland treatment system in textile industry and sustainable development. Davies, L. C.;
Pedro, I. S.; Ferreira, R. A.; Freire, F. G.; Novais, J. M.; Martins-Dias, S. // Water Science & Technology;2008,
Vol. 58 Issue 10, p2017
This study focuses on the evaluation of the adequacy and sustainability of a constructed wetland (CW), with vertical flow (VF)
design to treat a strongly coloured textile wastewater. Secondly an accidental AO7 overloaded discharge (700mgl-1) was
studied. A set of three similar VFCW beds (3 ...

Constructed wetland treatment system in textile industry and sustainable development. Davies, L. C.;
Pedro, I. S.; Ferreira, R. A.; Freire, F. G.; Novais, J. M.; Martins-Dias, S. // Water Science & Technology;2008,
Vol. 58 Issue 10, p2025
This study focuses on the evaluation of the adequacy and sustainability of a constructed wetland (CW), with vertical flow (VF)
design to treat a strongly coloured textile wastewater. Secondly an accidental AO7 overloaded discharge (700mgl-1) was
studied. A set of three similar VFCW beds (3 ...

Application of Adsorption and Ultrafiltration Processes for the Pre-treatment of Several Industrial
Wastewater Streams. Katsou, E.; Malamis, S.; Kosanovic, T.; Souma, K.; Haralambous, K. // Water, Air & Soil
Pollution;Nov2012, Vol. 223 Issue 9, p5519
In this work ultrafiltration (UF) was coupled with suitable minerals and dried activated sludge for the pre -treatment of several
industrial wastewater streams. The aim was to decrease heavy metal concentrations to low levels so that wastewater can be
safely discharged into municipal sewers or...

Combined chemical analyses and biomonitoring at Avedoere wastewater treatment plant in


2002. Jacobsen, B. N.; Kjersgaard, D.; Winther-Nielsen, M.; Gustavson, K. // Water Science & Technology;2004,
Vol. 50 Issue 5, p37
Influent -- effluent monitoring by comprehensive chemical analyses was conducted at the Avedoere wastewater treatment plant
(WWTP) during 2002. In one programme, the same samples were tested for algal toxicity by the ISO 8692 method. Based on
evaluation of 17 hazardous substances (including 7...

Heavy Metals Removal from Swine Wastewater Using Constructed Wetlands with Horizontal SubSurface Flow. Cortes-Esquivel, Jorge A.; Gicoman-Vallejos, Germn; Barcel-Quintal, Icela D.; Mndez-Novelo,
Roger; Ponce-Caballero, Mara C. // Journal of Environmental Protection;Aug2012 Supplement, Vol. 3 Issue s1,
p871
The removal efficiency of Cu and Zn from swine wastewater was evaluated as effected by three variables: the hydraulic
retention time (HRT) (24, 48, 72 and 96 hours), two different plant species (Typha domingensis Pers. and Eleocharis cellulosa)
and two different sizes of filter media (5 and 15...

The effects of wastewater reuse on potato growth properties under greenhouse lysimeteric
condition. Marofi, S.; Parsafar, N.; Rahim, G.; Dashti, F.; Marofi, H. // International Journal of Environmental
Science & Technology (IJE;Jan2013, Vol. 10 Issue 1, p133
In this study, raw and treated wastewaters were reused for potato cultivation in order to verify the effect of wastewater on crop
yield, crop's heavy metals' concentration as well as some major traits of potato. To this regard, a completely randomized test
was designed with five water treatments...

Study of dark tea residue's high efficiency absorption in treatment of Cr-bearing waste water. Juanjuan
Song // Journal of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Research;2013, Vol. 5 Issue 11, p802
As an absorbent dark tea residue can get rid of heavy metal ion effectually and do no harm to the environment. From the
dynamic experiment on dark tea residue's absorption of Cr(VI), the absorption dynamic curve and absorption isothermal curve
are obtained. The effects of pH value, initial...

More

Courtesy of your local library


Enter a library name or part of a name, city, state, or province.

Or enter your postal code and country to search by location: (optional)


United States
true

Other Topics

Afghanistan
AIDS / HIV
Alternative Energy Exploration
Arctic Drilling
Bank Bailout
Blogging
Border Walls
Bullying in Schools
Campaign Finance Reform
Carbon Offsetting
Economic Stimulus Package
Endangered Species
Executive Pay
Global Warming
Globalization
Gun Control
Immigration Restrictions
Intelligent Design
Iraq War
Israel & the Palestinians
Literacy
Medicare
North Korea
Nuclear Power
Obesity
Pirates
Sex Education in Schools
Social Networking Sites
Stem Cell Research
Universal Health Care
Vegetarianism
War on Terror

Are You A Librarian?


Are You A Publisher?
ABOUT EBSCO

What is EBSCOhost Connection?

How it works

FAQ

Contact EBSCO

TODAYS'S POPULAR TOPICS

AIDS / HIV

Afghanistan

Alternative Energy Exploration

Immigration Restrictions

Social Networking Sites

Arctic Drilling

Border Walls

War on Terror

Bank Bailout

Campaign Finance Reform


TODAY'S MOST READ ESSAYS

History of Nuclear Energy Production

History of Immigration Laws in the U.S.

Current State of the U.S. Healthcare System

An Overview of Key Terms and Definitions of Globalization

Overview of the Gun Control Debate

An Overview of Relations Between Israel and Palestine

An Overview of Social Networking Websites

History of Globalization

History of Gun Ownership Laws

History of Extinctions and Endangered Species Policies


TODAY'S POPULAR ARTICLES

Development of New Cardiac Deformity Indexes for Pectus Excavatum on Computed Tomography: Feasibility
for Pre- and Post-Operative Evaluation.

Spirit of NADA: THE POWER OF MAGNETIC BEADS WITH CHILDREN.

...

Going Small: Jamming the Mini-Drones.

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SUGARS ON THE RATE OF FERMENTATION IN YEAST.

Mac OS X Server.

Factors Affecting the Students' Academic Performance.

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE CURRICULUM CHANGE.

Social Entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan: Defining Trends and Prospects for Development.

2016 by EBSCO Publishing. All Rights Reserved. Privacy Policy | Terms of Use
xt

SEARCH

Home Removal of Heavy Metals from Industrial Wastewater Using Rice Husks

TITLE

Removal of Heavy Metals from Industrial Wastewater Using Rice


Husks
AUTHOR(S)
Nhapi, I.; Banadda, N.; Murenzi, R.; Sekomo, C. B.; Wali, U. G.
PUB. DATE
January 2011
SOURCE
Open Environmental Engineering Journal;2011, Vol. 4, p170
SOURCE TYPE
Academic Journal
DOC. TYPE
Article
ABSTRACT
Heavy metals are widely used in textile industries and significant losses occur during the manufacture and
processing of textiles, and these lost heavy metals are discharged in the effluent. Adsorption of heavy metals is a
new technology for treatment of wastewater containing different types of selected heavy metals. In this study,
adsorbents Carbonized Rice Husk (CRH) and Activated Rice Husk (ARH) made out of rice husks, available as
agriculture waste, are investigated as viable materials for treatment of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn containing industrial
wastewater at controlled pH. The results obtained from the batch experiments revealed a relative ability of the
rice husk in removing some heavy metals at pH 7. One hand one, the CRH adsorption capacity decreases in the
order of Cu > Pb > Zn > Cd in batch adsorption whereas during Rapid Small Scale Column Tests the adsorption
capacity decrease as follow Cu> Zn> Pb> Cd. On the other hand, ARH adsorption capacity performance is
similar to CRH. However, during Rapid Small Scale Column Tests the adsorption capacity decreases in the order
Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd. The kinetic removal in batch experiment shows that the net uptake of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn was 54.3%,
8.24%, 51.4% and 56.7%, respectively whereas using CRH, while it varied as 74.04%, 43.4%, 70.08% and
77.2% for the same dosages of ARH. Therefore, it is concluded that as regards to CRH, ARH demonstrated
higher potential to remove relatively all selected heavy metals.
ACCESSION #

70497920

Related Articles

Removal of lead from aqueous solutions by precipitation: statistical analysis and modeling. Kavak,
Duygu // Desalination & Water Treatment;Feb2013, Vol. 51 Issue 7-9, p1720
Chemical precipitation is the most common technology for the removal of dissolved metals from industrial wastewater. In this
study, the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions by precipitation was investigated and factorial design was applied. The
effects of three variables i.e. pH, mass of...

A comparative study of surface modification in carbonized rice husk by acid treatment. Sindhu,
Mathilakhath; Sheriffa Begum, Kadhar Mohamed Meera; Sugashini, Sivaraju // Desalination & Water
Treatment;Jul2012, Vol. 45 Issue 1-3, p170
Water pollution by heavy metals is a major environmental problem because of their toxicity and its removal is highly essential.
In this present investigation, two types of adsorbents were prepared viz. activated carbon from acid treated rice husk (ACARH)
and activated carbon from rice husk...

Constructed wetland treatment system in textile industry and sustainable development. Davies, L. C.;
Pedro, I. S.; Ferreira, R. A.; Freire, F. G.; Novais, J. M.; Martins-Dias, S. // Water Science & Technology;2008,
Vol. 58 Issue 10, p2017
This study focuses on the evaluation of the adequacy and sustainability of a constructed wetland (CW), with vertical flow (VF)
design to treat a strongly coloured textile wastewater. Secondly an accidental AO7 overloaded discharge (700mgl-1) was
studied. A set of three similar VFCW beds (3 ...

Constructed wetland treatment system in textile industry and sustainable development. Davies, L. C.;
Pedro, I. S.; Ferreira, R. A.; Freire, F. G.; Novais, J. M.; Martins-Dias, S. // Water Science & Technology;2008,
Vol. 58 Issue 10, p2025
This study focuses on the evaluation of the adequacy and sustainability of a constructed wetland (CW), with vertical flow (VF)
design to treat a strongly coloured textile wastewater. Secondly an accidental AO7 overloaded discharge (700mgl-1) was
studied. A set of three similar VFCW beds (3 ...

Application of Adsorption and Ultrafiltration Processes for the Pre-treatment of Several Industrial
Wastewater Streams. Katsou, E.; Malamis, S.; Kosanovic, T.; Souma, K.; Haralambous, K. // Water, Air & Soil
Pollution;Nov2012, Vol. 223 Issue 9, p5519
In this work ultrafiltration (UF) was coupled with suitable minerals and dried activated sludge for the pre -treatment of several
industrial wastewater streams. The aim was to decrease heavy metal concentrations to low levels so that wastewater can be
safely discharged into municipal sewers or...

Combined chemical analyses and biomonitoring at Avedoere wastewater treatment plant in


2002. Jacobsen, B. N.; Kjersgaard, D.; Winther-Nielsen, M.; Gustavson, K. // Water Science & Technology;2004,
Vol. 50 Issue 5, p37
Influent -- effluent monitoring by comprehensive chemical analyses was conducted at the Avedoere wastewater treatment plant
(WWTP) during 2002. In one programme, the same samples were tested for algal toxicity by the ISO 8692 method. Based on
evaluation of 17 hazardous substances (including 7...

Heavy Metals Removal from Swine Wastewater Using Constructed Wetlands with Horizontal SubSurface Flow. Cortes-Esquivel, Jorge A.; Gicoman-Vallejos, Germn; Barcel-Quintal, Icela D.; Mndez-Novelo,
Roger; Ponce-Caballero, Mara C. // Journal of Environmental Protection;Aug2012 Supplement, Vol. 3 Issue s1,
p871
The removal efficiency of Cu and Zn from swine wastewater was evaluated as effected by three variables: the hydraulic
retention time (HRT) (24, 48, 72 and 96 hours), two different plant species (Typha domingensis Pers. and Eleocharis cellulosa)
and two different sizes of filter media (5 and 15...

The effects of wastewater reuse on potato growth properties under greenhouse lysimeteric
condition. Marofi, S.; Parsafar, N.; Rahim, G.; Dashti, F.; Marofi, H. // International Journal of Environmental
Science & Technology (IJE;Jan2013, Vol. 10 Issue 1, p133
In this study, raw and treated wastewaters were reused for potato cultivation in order to verify the effect of wastewater on crop
yield, crop's heavy metals' concentration as well as some major traits of potato. To this regard, a completely randomized test
was designed with five water treatments...

Study of dark tea residue's high efficiency absorption in treatment of Cr-bearing waste water. Juanjuan
Song // Journal of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Research;2013, Vol. 5 Issue 11, p802
As an absorbent dark tea residue can get rid of heavy metal ion effectually and do no harm to the environment. From the
dynamic experiment on dark tea residue's absorption of Cr(VI), the absorption dynamic curve and absorption isothermal curve
are obtained. The effects of pH value, initial...

More

Courtesy of your local library


Enter a library name or part of a name, city, state, or province.
Or enter your postal code and country to search by location: (optional)
United States
true

Other Topics

Afghanistan
AIDS / HIV
Alternative Energy Exploration
Arctic Drilling
Bank Bailout
Blogging
Border Walls
Bullying in Schools
Campaign Finance Reform
Carbon Offsetting
Economic Stimulus Package
Endangered Species
Executive Pay
Global Warming
Globalization
Gun Control
Immigration Restrictions
Intelligent Design
Iraq War
Israel & the Palestinians
Literacy
Medicare
North Korea
Nuclear Power
Obesity
Pirates
Sex Education in Schools
Social Networking Sites
Stem Cell Research
Universal Health Care
Vegetarianism
War on Terror

Are You A Librarian?


Are You A Publisher?
ABOUT EBSCO

What is EBSCOhost Connection?

How it works

FAQ

Contact EBSCO

TODAYS'S POPULAR TOPICS

AIDS / HIV

Afghanistan

Alternative Energy Exploration

Immigration Restrictions

Social Networking Sites

Arctic Drilling

Border Walls

War on Terror

Bank Bailout

Campaign Finance Reform


TODAY'S MOST READ ESSAYS

History of Nuclear Energy Production

History of Immigration Laws in the U.S.

Current State of the U.S. Healthcare System

An Overview of Key Terms and Definitions of Globalization

Overview of the Gun Control Debate

An Overview of Relations Between Israel and Palestine

An Overview of Social Networking Websites

History of Globalization

History of Gun Ownership Laws

History of Extinctions and Endangered Species Policies


TODAY'S POPULAR ARTICLES

Development of New Cardiac Deformity Indexes for Pectus Excavatum on Computed Tomography: Feasibility
for Pre- and Post-Operative Evaluation.

Spirit of NADA: THE POWER OF MAGNETIC BEADS WITH CHILDREN.

...

Going Small: Jamming the Mini-Drones.

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SUGARS ON THE RATE OF FERMENTATION IN YEAST.

Mac OS X Server.

Factors Affecting the Students' Academic Performance.

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE CURRICULUM CHANGE.

Social Entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan: Defining Trends and Prospects for Development.

2016 by EBSCO Publishing. All Rights Reserved. Privacy Policy | Terms of Use

You might also like